• 【以工频运行的大电流设备的电磁作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/10803548.2010.11076851 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bednarek K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The paper presents an analysis of the effect of magnetic fields of power frequency generated by heavy-current electric equipment on the environment. The results of computation and measurements of the magnetic field in the vicinity of power busducts are included. Possible hazards are considered that result from the effects of the magnetic field on workers present in the vicinity of busducts as well as secondary hazards caused by the degrading effect of the magnetic field on ferromagnetic structural materials (in reinforced concrete structures). Attention is given to an ergonomic aspect of interaction of the magnetic field with cathode ray tube computer monitors (annoying oscillation of the image).
    背景与目标: :本文分析了大电流电气设备产生的工频磁场对环境的影响。包括功率母线附近磁场的计算和测量结果。可能的危害被认为是由于磁场对存在于高架桥附近的工人的影响以及由于磁场对铁磁结构材料(在钢筋混凝土结构中)的降解作用所引起的二次危害所致。注意磁场与阴极射线管计算机监视器的相互作用的人体工程学方面(消除图像的振荡)。
  • 【COVID-19和个人防护装备使用的影响:从职业到一般的皮肤护理需求。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/dth.13598 复制DOI
    作者列表:Atzori L,Ferreli C,Atzori MG,Rongioletti F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【在联邦公路警官的职业身体能力测试中,个人防护设备对代谢和性能的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002892 复制DOI
    作者列表:Marins EF,Cabistany L,Farias C,Dawes J,Del Vecchio FB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Marins, EF, Cabistany, L, Farias, CB, Dawes, J, and Del Vecchio, FB. Effects of personal protective equipment on metabolism and performance during an Occupational Physical Ability Test for Federal Highway Police officers. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1093-1102, 2020-Federal Highway Police (FHP) officers perform their duties while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Given the need for officers to wear PPE, it is important to understand the effects this additional load can have on occupational performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of load carriage on physiological, perceptual, and performance responses during an Occupational Physical Ability Test (OPAT). Thirteen male FHP officers completed an OPAT with PPE (WPPE, load = 12.0 kg) and without PPE (NPPE, load = 5.2 kg) in 2 separate sessions in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Metabolic responses (heart rate [HR] and its variability, and blood lactate concentration [Lac]), perceptual (rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), and OPAT performance were measured. Paired t and Wilcoxon tests were used to identify differences between conditions, and 2-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc was performed to analyze the results of Lac between the conditions. Occupational Physical Ability Test completion time was significantly greater in the WPPE condition compared with the NPPE condition (125.9 ± 13.8 vs. 118.3 ± 11 seconds, p < 0.01). Lac after the OPAT was higher in the NPPE condition compared with the WPPE (respectively 11.7 ± 2.7 vs. 9.6 ± 1.5 mmol·L, p < 0.05). The HRmax (NPPE = 180.5 ± 8.9 vs. WPPE = 178.3 ± 6.6 b·min, p = 0.44) and RPE (NPPE = 8.6 ± 0.8 vs. WPPE = 8.7 ± 1.0, p = 0.77) were not different between conditions. Personal protective equipment reduces performance in specific occupational circuit, changing Lac but without affecting HR and RPE. Strength and conditioning programs for FHP should aim to reduce the negative impact of additional load associate with wearing PPE.
    背景与目标: :马林斯,EF,卡比斯塔尼,L,法里亚斯,CB,Dawes,J和Del Vecchio,FB。在联邦公路警官的职业身体能力测试中,个人防护设备对新陈代谢和性能的影响。 J Strength Cond Res 34(4):1093-1102,2020年-联邦公路警察(FHP)的人员在穿着个人防护设备(PPE)的情况下执行任务。考虑到官员需要穿戴个人防护装备,重要的是要了解这种额外的负荷可能对职业绩效产生的影响。这项研究的目的是评估职业物理能力测试(OPAT)过程中负载运输对生理,知觉和性能反应的影响。 13名FHP男军官以随机和平衡的方式在2个单独的阶段中完成了配备PPE(WPPE,负荷= 12.0千克)和不使用PPE(NPPE,负荷= 5.2千克)的OPAT。测量了代谢反应(心率[HR]及其变异性,血液乳酸浓度[Lac]),知觉性(感觉劳累的评分[RPE])和OPAT性能。配对的t和Wilcoxon检验用于确定条件之间的差异,并用Bonferroni post hoc进行了方差的2维分析,以分析条件之间的Lac结果。与NPPE条件相比,WPPE条件下的职业身体能力测试完成时间明显更长(125.9±13.8 vs. 118.3±11秒,p <0.01)。与WPPE相比,NPAT条件下OPAT后的Lac更高(分别为11.7±2.7和9.6±1.5mmol·L,p <0.05)。 HRmax(NPPE = 180.5±8.9 vs. WPPE = 178.3±6.6 b·min,p = 0.44)和RPE(NPPE = 8.6±0.8 vs. WPPE = 8.7±1.0,p = 0.77)在两个条件之间没有差异。个人防护设备会降低特定职业电路的性能,改变Lac,但不会影响HR和RPE。 FHP的强度和调节程序应旨在减少与穿戴PPE有关的额外负荷的负面影响。
  • 【远程医疗技术:服务,设备和其他方面的评论。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11882-018-0814-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Baker J,Stanley A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Telemedicine uses technology to connect patients with providers at a distance. While the clinical aspects of this have been reviewed extensively, the technical aspects are not as well understood by allergists when they consider adding telemedicine to their practice. This review focuses on the technical aspects of setting up a telemedicine program. RECENT FINDINGS:With the advent of new technologies including high-speed Internet, video conferencing solutions, and digital examination equipment, facilitated virtual visits as replacements for in-person visits are now possible. The technical requirements for a successful telemedicine program include secure, high-speed Internet connection, a clinical telemedicine cart to serve as the hub for the interaction, patient access software, and access to IT professionals to set up the program and to be available when the system malfunctions. A carefully designed telemedicine program is more likely to be successful if the technical aspects are included in the planning process.
    背景与目标: 审查目的:远程医疗使用技术将患者与提供者保持一定距离。尽管对此方面的临床方面已进行了广泛的审查,但过敏症患者在考虑将远程医疗添加到他们的实践中时,对技术方面的了解还不够。这篇评论着重于设置远程医疗程序的技术方面。
    最近的发现:随着包括高速Internet,视频会议解决方案和数字检查设备在内的新技术的出现,便利的虚拟访问成为了替代亲自访问的可能。成功的远程医疗计划的技术要求包括安全的高速Internet连接,用作交互中心的临床远程医疗手推车,患者访问软件,以及可以访问IT专业人员以设置该程序的功能,并在系统故障。如果在计划过程中包括技术方面的信息,经过精心设计的远程医疗程序很可能会成功。
  • 【2018 ACC / HRS / NASCI / SCAI / SCCT关于在心血管成像中最佳使用电离辐射的专家共识文件-安全和有效性的最佳做法,第2部分:放射设备操作,节省剂量的方法,患者和医疗专家】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ccd.27661 复制DOI
    作者列表:
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The stimulus to create this document was the recognition that ionizing radiation-guided cardiovascular procedures are being performed with increasing frequency, leading to greater patient radiation exposure and, potentially, to greater exposure to clinical personnel. While the clinical benefit of these procedures is substantial, there is concern about the implications of medical radiation exposure. ACC leadership concluded that it is important to provide practitioners with an educational resource that assembles and interprets the current radiation knowledge base relevant to cardiovascular procedures. By applying this knowledge base, cardiovascular practitioners will be able to select procedures optimally, and minimize radiation exposure to patients and to clinical personnel. "Optimal Use of Ionizing Radiation in Cardiovascular Imaging - Best Practices for Safety and Effectiveness" is a comprehensive overview of ionizing radiation use in cardiovascular procedures and is published online. To provide the most value to our members, we divided the print version of this document into 2 focused parts. "Part I: Radiation Physics and Radiation Biology" addresses radiation physics, dosimetry and detrimental biologic effects. "Part II: Radiologic Equipment Operation, Dose-Sparing Methodologies, Patient and Medical Personnel Protection" covers the basics of operation and radiation delivery for the 3 cardiovascular imaging modalities (x-ray fluoroscopy, x-ray computed tomography, and nuclear scintigraphy). For each modality, it includes the determinants of radiation exposure and techniques to minimize exposure to both patients and to medical personnel.
    背景与目标: :创建此文件的刺激因素是认识到电离辐射引导的心血管手术正在以越来越高的频率进行,从而导致更多的患者辐射暴露,并有可能增加对临床人员的暴露。尽管这些程序的临床益处是巨大的,但人们担心医学辐射的影响。 ACC的领导得出结论,为从业人员提供汇集和解释当前与心血管手术相关的辐射知识库的教育资源非常重要。通过应用该知识库,心血管医生将能够最佳地选择程序,并最大程度地减少对患者和临床人员的辐射暴露。 “在心血管成像中最佳使用电离辐射-安全性和有效性的最佳做法”是对心血管程序中电离辐射使用的全面概述,并在线发布。为了向我们的会员提供最大的价值,我们将本文档的印刷版分为2个重点部分。 “第一部分:辐射物理学和辐射生物学”阐述了辐射物理学,剂量学和有害生物效应。 “第二部分:放射设备操作,节省剂量的方法,患者和医务人员保护”涵盖了3种心血管成像模式(X射线荧光透视,X射线计算机断层扫描和核闪烁显像)的操作和放射线的基础知识。对于每种方式,它都包括辐射暴露的决定因素以及使对患者和医务人员的辐射最小化的技术。
  • 【新生儿复苏:澳大利亚和新西兰的通风设备审查和实践调查。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00339.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:O'Donnell CP,Davis PG,Morley CJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The equipment used to provide positive pressure ventilation at neonatal resuscitation varies between institutions. Available devices were reviewed and their use surveyed in a geographically defined region. The aim of this study was to establish which resuscitation equipment is used at neonatal intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS:A questionnaire was sent to a neonatologist at each of the 29 neonatal intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand, asking which resuscitation equipment they used. If it was not returned, follow up was by email and telephone. RESULTS:Data was obtained from all units. Round face masks are used at all centres. Anatomically shaped masks are infrequently used at two of the three centres (10%) that have them. Straight endotracheal tubes are used exclusively at 23 (79%) centres. Shouldered tubes are used infrequently at three of the six centres that have them. The Laerdal Infant Resuscitator self-inflating bag is used at 22 (76%) centres. Flow-inflating bags are used at 12 (41%) centres. The Neopuff Infant Resuscitator is used at 14 (48%) centres. Varying oxygen concentrations are provided at delivery at 6/25 (24%) centres. CONCLUSIONS:There is a paucity of evidence for the efficacy of the equipment used currently to resuscitate newborn infants. This complete survey of the tertiary centres in a geographical region shows considerable variation in practice, reflecting this lack of evidence and consequent uncertainty among clinicians. Further research is necessary to determine which devices are preferable for this most important and common intervention.
    背景与目标: 目的:新生儿复苏时用于提供正压通气的设备因机构而异。审查了可用的设备,并在地理区域内调查了其使用情况。这项研究的目的是确定在澳大利亚和新西兰的新生儿重症监护病房使用哪种复苏设备。
    方法:向澳大利亚和新西兰的29个新生儿重症监护病房的每位新生儿科医生发送一份调查问卷,询问他们使用了哪种复苏设备。如果没有退回,则通过电子邮件和电话跟进。
    结果:从所有单位获得数据。所有中心都使用圆形口罩。解剖形状的面罩很少在具有它们的三个中心中的两个中心使用(10%)。直型气管导管仅在23(79%)个中心使用。装有肩管的六个中心中的三个不经常使用肩管。 Laerdal婴儿复苏器自动充气袋在22个中心(占76%)使用。充气袋在12个(41%)中心使用。 Neopuff婴儿复苏器在14个(48%)中心使用。在6/25(24%)中心交货时提供了不同的氧气浓度。
    结论:目前用于复苏新生儿的设备功效缺乏证据。对某个地理区域的三级中心的完整调查显示,实践中存在很大差异,反映出缺乏证据以及随之而来的临床医生不确定性。有必要进行进一步的研究以确定哪种设备最适合这种最重要且最常见的干预措施。
  • 【椎体成形术和后凸成形术:治疗恶性椎骨骨折的新设备。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Masala S,Fiori R,Massari F,Simonetti G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Purpose of our study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty, in the treatment of pain deriving from neoplastic vertebral compression fractures (VCF). We treated with these new techniques oncologic patients with unremitting pain over spine, refractory to the conventional medical therapy (analgesics, bed-rest, bracing and bisphosphonates), elicited by pressure over spinous process and in absence of neurological signs. Both methods demonstrated a swift pain relief associated with an evident augmentation in vertebral body resistance. Nevertheless only Kyphoplasty revealed itself able to restorate the original somatic morphology and to diminish the spinal kyphosis. Polymethylmethacrylate's leakages (PMMA) not observed in the Kyphoplasty, instead have been found in the Vertebroplasty localized in the intersomatic or perispinal areas. Neither confirmation of epidural or foraminal extravasations, nor complications which pulmonary embolism for the involvement of venous plexus or connected to phenomenon of infection having to do with the procedures. Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty are effective alternatives, simple and safe in the treatment of vertebral collapses consequent to aggressive haemangiomas, myelomas and metastases. This entails a complete relief of symptoms and restoration of mobility in 90% of patients within 24 hours from the procedure.
    背景与目标: :我们的研究目的是评估经皮椎体成形术和后凸成形术在治疗赘生性椎体压缩性骨折(VCF)引起的疼痛中的有效性和安全性。我们用这些新技术治疗了脊柱不间断疼痛,对传统医学疗法(镇痛药,卧床休息,矫正器和双膦酸盐类药物)无效的肿瘤患者,这些患者是由于棘突受压而没有神经系统症状而引起的。两种方法均能迅速缓解疼痛,并明显增强椎体抵抗力。然而,只有后凸成形术显示出能够恢复原始的体细胞形态并减轻脊柱后凸的能力。在椎体成形术中未观察到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的渗漏(PMMA),而是在椎体间质或椎体周围区域的椎体成形术中发现了。无论是硬膜外或椎间孔渗出的确诊,还是肺栓塞引起静脉丛的感染或与感染现象有关的并发症都与手术无关。后凸成形术和椎体成形术是有效的替代方法,在因侵袭性血管瘤,骨髓瘤和转移瘤而导致的椎体塌陷的治疗中,简单而安全。这需要在手术后24小时内完全缓解症状并恢复90%的患者的活动能力。
  • 【模拟救援中防​​护设备对消防员外部和内部工作量的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003551 复制DOI
    作者列表:Marcel-Millet P,Ravier G,Groslambert A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Marcel-Millet, P, Ravier, G, and Groslambert, A. Effect of protective equipment on firefighters' external and internal workloads during a simulated rescue intervention. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Firefighter's protective equipment is one of the main factors increasing psychophysiological demand during rescue intervention. Workload quantification defines the amount of stress placed on an individual. This study aimed to test the relationships and compare different workload methods to discriminate 3 protective equipment conditions based on simulated rescue intervention. The protective equipment was (a) personal protective clothing (PPC); (b) PPC and a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), including a cylinder, a full-face piece, and a breathing regulator; and (c) PPC and only the cylinder of the SCBA (SCBAc). Workload was determined using methods based on heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (sRPE), acceleration, and an indirect method based on postexercise HR variability. Differences between conditions were analyzed with repeated-measures analyses of variance. Relationships between workload methods were determined using Pearson's correlations. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The HR-based and sRPE methods showed higher values in the SCBA and SCBAc conditions than the PPC condition (p < 0.0001); only the sRPE method had a higher workload for the SCBA condition than the SCBAc condition (p < 0.0001). Acceleration-based workloads were lower in the SCBA and SCBAc conditions than the PPC condition (p < 0.0001). The indirect method revealed no difference between the 3 conditions. Significant relationships were observed between the HR-based and sRPE methods (r = 0.544-0.738). Inverse significant correlations were observed between the HR-based and sRPE methods and the acceleration workload methods (r = -0.319 to -0.762). Although HR-based and sRPE methods might quantify the workloads, the sRPE method was more sensitive to discriminate between the SCBAc and SCBA conditions.
    背景与目标: :Marcel-Millet,P,Ravier,G和Groslambert,A。在模拟救援干预过程中,防护设备对消防员内部和外部工作量的影响。 J Strength Cond Res XX(X):000-000,2020年-消防员的防护装备是在救援干预过程中增加心理生理需求的主要因素之一。工作量量化定义了施加在个人身上的压力量。这项研究旨在测试这种关系并比较不同的工作量方法,以基于模拟救援干预来区分3种防护设备状况。防护设备为(a)个人防护服(PPC); (b)PPC和自给式呼吸器(SCBA),包括气瓶,全面罩和呼吸调节器; (c)PPC和仅SCBA的气瓶(SCBAc)。使用基于心率(HR),感知的劳累(sRPE),加速度的方法以及基于运动后HR变异性的间接方法确定工作量。使用重复测量方差分析来分析条件之间的差异。工作负荷方法之间的关系是使用Pearson的相关性确定的。统计学显着性设定为p <0.05。基于HR的方法和sRPE方法在SCBA和SCBAc条件下显示的值高于PPC条件(p <0.0001)。只有sRPE方法在SCBA条件下的工作量高于SCBAc条件(p <0.0001)。在SCBA和SCBAc条件下,基于加速的工作负载低于PPC条件(p <0.0001)。间接方法显示这三个条件之间没有差异。基于HR的方法与sRPE方法之间存在显着的关系(r = 0.544-0.738)。基于HR的方法和sRPE方法与加速工作量方法之间存在显着的负相关(r = -0.319至-0.762)。尽管基于HR和sRPE的方法可以量化工作量,但sRPE的方法更容易区分SCBAc和SCBA条件。
  • 【对泰国鞋类和设备工厂中的空气传播和皮肤接触化学物质的调查。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/15459620701853342 复制DOI
    作者列表:Todd LA,Mottus K,Mihlan GJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This research reports on a pilot industrial hygiene study that was performed at four footwear factories and two equipment factories in Thailand. Workers in these factories were exposed through inhalation and dermal contact to a large number of organic vapors from solvents and cements that were hand applied. In addition, these workers were exposed to highly toxic isocyanates primarily through the dermal route. A total of 286 personal air samples were obtained at the four footwear factories using organic vapor monitors; individual job tasks were monitored using a real-time MIRAN Spectrometer. A total of 64 surface, tool, or hand samples were monitored for isocyanates using surface contamination detectors. Real-time measurements were also obtained for organic vapors in two equipment factories. From 8% to 21% of the workers sampled in each footwear factory were overexposed to mixtures of chemicals from solvents and cements. Up to 100% of the workers performing specific job tasks were overexposed to mixtures of chemicals. From 39% to 69% of the surface samples were positive for unreacted isocyanates. Many of the real-time measurements obtained in the equipment factories exceeded occupational exposure limits. Personal protective equipment and engineering controls were inadequate in all of the factories.
    背景与目标: :这项研究报告了在泰国的四个制鞋厂和两个设备厂进行的一项工业卫生试验性研究。这些工厂的工人通过吸入和皮肤接触暴露于大量手工溶剂和水泥产生的有机蒸气中。此外,这些工人主要通过皮肤途径暴露于剧毒的异氰酸酯中。在四个鞋类工厂使用有机蒸气监测仪共采集了286个个人空气样本。使用实时MIRAN光谱仪监控单个作业任务。使用表面污染检测器对总共64个表面,工具或手工样品进行了异氰酸酯监测。在两个设备工厂中,还获得了有机蒸气的实时测量结果。每个鞋类工厂抽样的工人中有8%至21%暴露于溶剂和水泥中的化学混合物。从事特定工作任务的工人中,多达100%暴露于化学混合物中。 39%至69%的表面样品未反应的异氰酸酯呈阳性。设备工厂获得的许多实时测量结果都超过了职业接触限值。在所有工厂中,个人防护设备和工程控制都不充分。
  • 【类风湿关节炎患者的手功能和适应性设备的使用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rodrigues M,Rodrigues J,Afonso C,Santos-Faria D,Peixoto D,Teixeira F,Neves J,Silva J,Tavares-Costa J,Alcino S,Azevedo S,Gandarez F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:Evaluation and characterization of hand function in patients with rheumatoid (RA) arthritis and, secondarily, identification of the use of adaptive equipments. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Firstly, a written informed consent was obtained and then an anonymous questionnaire was filled by RA outpatients after observation at the rheumatology consultation with no other musculoskeletal or neuromuscular disorders that would determine major functional impairment of hand function. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected and the Cochin Hand Functional Scale (CHFS) was applied. Classical deformities of hand and/or wrist were observed and recorded by the attending physician. RESULTS:A total of 79 patients were enrolled. In the overall sample, most patients were female A sample of 79 patients, mostly female (69.60%), with a mean age of 59.72 ± 11.77 years and with a mean diagnosis duration of 11.72 ± 8.29 years. The majority (73.40%) had at least one hand or wrist deformity, the most frequent being atrophy of the interosseous muscles followed by ulnar deviation of the metacarpophalangeal joints and piano key deformity of the wrist. The mean CHFS score was 17.94 ± 18.26 points with a minimum and maximum value recorded of 0 and 80 points, respectively. The presence of hand deformities, Health Assessment Questionnaire score (HAQ), hand pain and diagnosis duration were correlated with the CHFS score. Six patients had assistive devices and only in one case it was used to overcome hand's functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS:Most patients presented at least one classic RA deformity after a mean diagnosis duration of approximately 12 years and under pharmacological treatment. Despite this, most patients scored significantly below CHFS maximum score, but only 18 reported no difficulty in any of the tasks mentioned in the scale. The fact that only a minority of these patients had assistive devices should alerts us to the need for a more thorough functional assessment and identification of needs among RA patients.
    背景与目标: 目的:评估和表征风湿性关节炎(RA)患者的手功能,其次,确定使用自适应设备的能力。
    材料与方法:首先,在获得风湿病学咨询后,RA门诊患者在获得书面知情同意书后填写了匿名调查表,没有其他肌肉骨骼或神经肌肉疾病会决定手功能的主要功能障碍。收集社会人口统计学和临床​​变量,并应用科钦手功能量表(CHFS)。主治医师观察并记录了手和/或腕部的典型畸形。
    结果:共纳入79例患者。在总体样本中,大多数患者为女性。A例患者为79名患者,大部分为女性(69.60%),平均年龄为59.72±11.77岁,平均诊断持续时间为11.72±8.29年。多数(73.40%)至少有一只手或腕部畸形,最常见的是骨间肌萎缩,其后是掌指关节尺侧偏斜和腕部钢琴键畸形。 CHFS的平均得分为17.94±18.26分,记录的最低和最高分别为0和80分。手部畸形的存在,健康评估问卷评分(HAQ),手部疼痛和诊断持续时间与CHFS评分相关。 6例患者有辅助设备,只有一种情况用于克服手部功能障碍。
    结论:大多数患者在平均诊断时间约12年后并接受药物治疗后出现至少一种典型的RA畸形。尽管如此,大多数患者的评分均显着低于CHFS最高评分,但只有18名患者报告称该量表中提到的任何任务均无困难。这些患者中只有一小部分具有辅助设备,这一事实应使我们警觉到需要进行更彻底的功能评估并确定RA患者的需求。
  • 【开发带有智能垫的小动物可见光和近红外成像设备。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3233/BME-141124 复制DOI
    作者列表:Eum NS,Han JH,Seong KW,Lee JH,Park HJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The portable visible and near-infrared (NIR) imaging equipment for a pre-clinical test with small animals was designed and developed in this paper. The developed equipment is composed of a CCD camera, a focusing lens, an objective lens, a NIR band pass filter and a NIR filter driving motor. An NIR ray is mainly used for imaging equipment because it has high light penetration depth in biological tissue. Therefore, NIR fluorescent agents are available for chemical conjugation to targeting molecules in vivo. This equipment can provide a visible image, NIR image and merged image simultaneously. A communication system was specifically established to check obtained images through a smart pad in real time. It is less dependent on space and time than the conventional system.
    背景与目标: :本文设计并开发了用于对小动物进行临床前测试的便携式可见光和近红外(NIR)成像设备。研发的设备由CCD相机,聚焦透镜,物镜,NIR带通滤光片和NIR滤光片驱动电机组成。 NIR射线主要用于成像设备,因为它在生物组织中具有很高的光穿透深度。因此,NIR荧光剂可用于化学偶联体内靶向分子。该设备可以同时提供可见图像,NIR图像和合并图像。专门建立了通信系统,以通过智能键盘实时检查获得的图像。与常规系统相比,它对空间和时间的依赖性较小。
  • 【美国急诊部门的计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像设备的可用性和质量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00192.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ginde AA,Foianini A,Renner DM,Valley M,Camargo CA Jr
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:The objective was to determine the availability and quality of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment in U.S. emergency departments (EDs). The authors hypothesized that smaller, rural EDs have less availability and lower-quality equipment. METHODS:This was a random selection of 262 (5%) U.S. EDs from the 2005 National Emergency Department Inventories (NEDI)-USA (http://www.emnet-usa.org/). The authors telephoned radiology technicians about the presence of CT and MRI equipment, availability for ED imaging, and number of slices for the available CT scanners. The analysis was stratified by site characteristics. RESULTS:The authors collected data from 260 institutions (99% response). In this random sample of EDs, the median annual patient visit volume was 19,872 (interquartile range = 6,788 to 35,757), 28% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 22% to 33%) were rural, and 27% (95% CI = 21% to 32%) participated in the Critical Access Hospital program. CT scanners were present in 249 (96%) institutions, and of these, 235 (94%) had 24/7 access for ED patients. CT scanner resolution varied: 28% had 1-4 slice, 33% had 5-16 slice, and 39% had a more than 16 slice. On-site MRI was available for 171 (66%) institutions, and mobile MRI for 53 (20%). Smaller, rural, and critical access hospitals had lower CT and MRI availability and less access to higher-resolution CT scanners. CONCLUSIONS:Although access to CT imaging was high (>90%), CT resolution and access to MRI were variable. Based on observed differences, the availability and quality of imaging equipment may vary by ED size and location.
    背景与目标: 目的:目的是确定美国急诊部门(ED)中计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)设备的可用性和质量。作者假设,较小的农村ED的可用性较低,设备质量较低。
    方法:这是从2005年美国国家紧急部门库存(NEDI)(美国http://www.emnet-usa.org/)中随机选择的262(5%)美国ED。作者打电话给放射技术人员,询问CT和MRI设备的存在,ED成像的可用性以及可用CT扫描仪的切片数量。通过现场特征对分析进行分层。
    结果:作者从260个机构中收集了数据(99%的答复)。在此随机抽取的急诊科样本中,年患者就诊中位数为19,872(四分位间距= 6,788至35,757),农村地区为28%(95%置信区间[CI] = 22%至33%),27%(95%) CI = 21%到32%)参加了危重通道医院计划。 249个机构中有CT扫描仪(占96%),其中235例(94%)有ED患者使用24/7通道。 CT扫描仪的分辨率各不相同:28%的患者具有1-4层,33%的患者具有5-16层,39%的患者具有16层以上。 171所(66%)的机构可以使用现场MRI,53所(20%)的可以进行移动MRI。较小的,农村的和关键访问医院的CT和MRI可用性较低,而使用高分辨率CT扫描仪的机会较少。
    结论:尽管获得CT成像的机会很高(> 90%),但CT分辨率和获得MRI的机会却是可变的。根据观察到的差异,成像设备的可用性和质量可能会因ED的大小和位置而异。
  • 【德克萨斯州电惊厥治疗的状态。第2部分:与医师,医院,医疗责任保险公司和刺激产生设备的制造商联系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Scarano VR,Felthous AR,Early TS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Since mid-1993, all ECT treatments performed in the state of Texas (except for United States government hospitals) must be reported every quarter to the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TXMHMR) on a data collection form provided by the Department. Part 1 of this paper reviewed that data. This paper reviews the responses to questionnaires and contacts made with physicians, hospitals, medical liability insurance companies, and manufacturers of stimulus generating devices regarding their experience with ECT in Texas. Questionnaires were sent to physicians and hospitals that had not performed ECT during the final two quarters of the review period. Medical liability insurance companies and the manufacturers of the stimulus generating equipment used in ECT were contacted regarding their experience with liability claims. The results indicate that medical liability in regards to the performance of ECT is extremely low. Physicians and hospitals that stopped performing ECT did so for reasons other than medical liability.
    背景与目标: :自1993年中以来,必须在德克萨斯州心理健康和精神发育迟滞部(TXMHMR)上每季度向得克萨斯州精神卫生和精神发育迟滞部报告在得克萨斯州进行的所有ECT治疗(美国政府医院除外)。 。本文的第1部分回顾了该数据。本文回顾了对问卷的答复以及与医生,医院,医疗责任保险公司和刺激发生设备制造商的联系,以了解他们在德克萨斯州的ECT经验。问卷被发送到在审查期间的最后两个季度未执行ECT的医生和医院。联系了医疗责任保险公司和ECT中使用的刺激产生设备的制造商,以了解他们在赔偿责任方面的经验。结果表明,与ECT性能有关的医疗责任极低。停止执行ECT的医师和医院是出于医疗责任之外的其他原因。
  • 14 Bispectral analysis technology and equipment. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【双光谱分析技术和设备。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sennholz G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Bispectral Index or "BIS" is a single number, composed from different EEG features, using multivariate statistical methods. It was designed for monitoring the depth of hypnosis during anaesthesia and sedation. Empirically derived from the EEGs of more than 5,000 anaesthetised patients, the BIS reflects the effect of anaesthetics on the brain. Unlike univariate measures, such as Spectral Edge Frequency or Median Frequency, the Bispectral Index is drug independent and changes with increasing doses of hypnotics in an almost linear way. Though sophisticated technology, the A-2000 BIS monitor and the BIS sensor are easy to use and also allow non-experts to monitor the depth of hypnosis and sedation on a routine basis.
    背景与目标: :双光谱指数或“ BIS”是一个单一数字,使用多元统计方法由不同的EEG特征组成。它旨在监测麻醉和镇静过程中催眠的深度。从超过5,000名麻醉患者的脑电图中得出的经验证明,BIS反映了麻醉药对大脑的影响。与单变量测量(例如频谱边缘频率或中频)不同,双谱指数与药物无关,并且以几乎线性的方式随着催眠药剂量的增加而变化。 A-2000 BIS监测器和BIS传感器虽然采用了先进的技术,但易于使用,并且使非专业人士也可以常规监测催眠和镇静的深度。
  • 【在康复中使用安全的患者处理和移动设备。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2020-01-01
    来源期刊:Work
    DOI:10.3233/WOR-203148 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rugs D,Powell-Cope G,Campo M,Darragh A,Harwood K,Kuhn J,Rockefeller K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Increasingly, occupational and physical therapists are using safe patient handling and mobility (SPHM) equipment, such as mechanical lifts, in rehabilitation. However, there is little guidance in the literature on how SPHM equipment can be used to assist patients to reach rehabilitation goals. The purpose of this projectwas to document and categorize common and innovative ways rehabilitation therapists use SPHM equipment in their clinical practice. OBJECTIVE:This article investigates common and innovative uses of SPHM equipment in rehabilitation practice. METHODS:Occupational, physical and kinesio therapist employed at the Veterans Health Administration wrote narratives and took photos describing rehabilitation therapy activities where they used SPHM equipment in their clinical practice. The authors used a systematic process to review and categorize the narratives and subsequent photos by using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). RESULTS:Thirty narratives (13 innovative and 17 common) were coded into four categories on the ICF section of mobility. The most common category was "changing and maintaining basic body position"(21) followed by "walking and moving" (5). The category "carrying, moving and handling objects" garnered two narratives and there were no narratives for "using transportation." CONCLUSIONS:Project findings may serve as a guide for therapists who would like to enhance their use of SPHM equipment in rehabilitation. Additional research is needed to expand the use of SPHM in rehabilitation practice and evaluate the impact on patient rehabilitation outcomes and therapist safety outcomes.
    背景与目标: 背景技术:职业和物理治疗师越来越多地在康复过程中使用安全的患者搬运和移动(SPHM)设备,例如机械升降机。但是,文献中关于如何使用SPHM设备来帮助患者达到康复目标的指导很少。该项目的目的是记录和分类康复治疗师在临床实践中使用SPHM设备的常见和创新方式。
    目的:本文研究了SPHM设备在康复实践中的常见创新用法。
    方法:退伍军人卫生管理局(Veterans Health Administration)聘用的职业,物理和运动治疗师撰写了叙事,并拍摄了照片,描述了他们在临床实践中使用SPHM设备进行的康复治疗活动。作者使用世界卫生组织的国际功能,残疾与健康分类(ICF),通过系统的过程对叙述和后续照片进行了回顾和分类。
    结果:30种叙述(13种创新和17种常见)被编码为ICF移动性部分中的四个类别。最常见的类别是“改变和保持基本身体姿势”(21),其次是“步行和移动”(5)。 “携带,移动和搬运物体”这一类别获得了两种叙述,而没有“使用运输工具”的叙述。
    结论:项目研究结果可为希望在康复中加强使用SPHM设备的治疗师提供指导。需要进行更多的研究以扩大SPHM在康复实践中的使用,并评估其对患者康复成果和治疗师安全成果的影响。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录