• 【雇佣法:全科医师向雇主提供患者信息的指导说明。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Garnett A,Tobin A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Medical practitioners are often caught between a patient who is reluctant to provide their employer with personal health information and an employer who is requesting more detailed health information. OBJECTIVE:This article outlines the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers with regards to the provision of personal health information within employment, and how medical practitioners can assist in advocating for their patient. Topics covered include legal requirements for medical certificates; when certificates can be questioned by an employer; and whether employers can request additional health information from a general practitioner (GP) or independent specialist. DISCUSSION:In many cases, employers have the right to seek further health information from their employees (eg for health and safety obligations), and employees can face disciplinary action and even dismissal if they are uncooperative. As GPs are necessarily involved in the pro-vision of this information, it is important that they have a general understanding of employment law as it relates to the provision of a patient's personal health information to employers.
    背景与目标: 背景:从业人员经常被困在不愿向其雇主提供个人健康信息的患者与要求更详细的健康信息的雇主之间。
    目的:本文概述了雇员和雇主在就业中提供个人健康信息方面的权利和责任,以及从业医生如何协助倡导其患者。涵盖的主题包括医疗证明的法律要求;雇主可以质疑证书的时间;以及雇主是否可以要求全科医生(GP)或独立专家提供其他健康信息。
    讨论:在许多情况下,雇主有权向其雇员寻求进一步的健康信息(例如,出于健康和安全义务),如果雇员不合作,他们可能会受到纪律处分,甚至被解雇。由于全科医生必须参与提供此信息,因此重要的是,他们必须对雇佣法有一个普遍的了解,因为它与向雇主提供患者的个人健康信息有关。
  • 【自营职业,个人价值观和幸福-不幸的多样性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037/ocp0000095 复制DOI
    作者列表:Warr P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study compares personal values and forms of happiness between self-employed workers and those employed in an organization. Values are examined through Schwartz's (1999) established model, and happiness is measured in terms of personal flourishing and both job-specific and general hedonic well-being. In two nationally representative samples, self-employed workers are found to value self-direction and stimulation in their lives to a significantly greater degree than do organizational employees, but not to differ in other types of value. Well-being differences are predicted to depend on whether or not workers supervise others, such that any well-being advantages of self-employment are expected to occur only for self-employed workers without subordinates. As predicted, job satisfaction in self-employment is found to exceed that of organizational workers primarily for those who do not supervise others. In respect of personal flourishing, self-employed workers report significantly greater accomplishment in their lives, and that difference is again found only for workers without supervisory responsibility. However, strain experienced in a job and context-free hedonic well-being are found to be similar between self- and organizational employment. Refinements are proposed to research methods and practical procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record
    背景与目标: :这项研究比较了个体经营者和组织雇用者的个人价值观和幸福形式。通过Schwartz(1999)建立的模型检验价值观,并根据个人的蓬勃发展以及针对特定工作和一般享乐的幸福来衡量幸福。在两个具有全国代表性的样本中,发现个体经营者对自我指导和生活刺激的重视程度远高于组织雇员,但在其他类型的价值观上没有区别。福利差异预计将取决于工人是否监督他人,因此,只有没有下属的自雇工人才能实现自雇的任何福利优势。正如预测的那样,发现自雇职业的满意度主要超过那些没有监督他人的人的组织工作人员的满意度。在个人蓬勃发展方面,自雇工人报告说,他们的生活成就显着提高,而且这种差异仅针对没有监督责任的工人。但是,发现在工作和个人无关的享乐状态下的劳累与自我雇佣和组织雇佣之间是相似的。提出了改进方法,以研究方法和实用程序。 (PsycINFO数据库记录
  • 【波兰东部林业工作者从事各种职业的tick传播疾病的风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cisak E,Zając V,Wójcik-Fatla A,Dutkiewicz J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Among the zoonotic agents causing occupational diseases, those transmitted by ticks are very important, in particular the spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi which are the common cause of occupational Lyme borreliosis in forestry and agricultural workers. The objective of this study was an evaluation of the exposure of forestry workers employed at individual workplaces to infection with tick-borne pathogens (especially Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes), based on epidemiological investigation and serologic tests. Epidemiological studies covered 111 forestry employees from eastern Poland employed in 4 randomly-selected forest inspectorates which replied to questions in the area of epidemiology and prophylaxis of diseases transmitted by ticks. Eighty-two forestry workers employed in one forest inspectorate were examined for the presence of specific anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. The correlation between individual items of the questionnaire was assessed by Spearman's test. Results of serological tests were assessed by Mann-Whitney test. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that the workers performing manual jobs in the forest are at the greatest risk of tick bite and contraction of tick-borne disease. They are aware of the risk, but use the improper method of removal of ticks with the fingers. Comparisons of the relationship between job category and the results of serologic study, expressed in BBU/ml, revealed that the serologic response was significantly greater in manual workers than in administrative workers (p=0.019). All other comparisons did not produce significant results. Therefore, providing a simple tweezer-like device to forest inspectorates seems to be an effective mean of protection against Lyme borreliosis and other tick-borne diseases.
    背景与目标: :在引起职业病的人畜共患病菌中,由s传播的病原菌非常重要,尤其是螺旋体的疏螺旋体伯氏疏螺旋体,它们是林业和农业工人职业性莱姆疏螺旋体病的常见原因。这项研究的目的是根据流行病学调查和血清学检测方法,评估在各个工作场所雇用的林业工人受到tick传播的病原体(尤其是伯氏疏螺旋体螺旋体)感染的风险。流行病学研究涵盖了来自波兰东部的111名林业雇员,这些雇员在4个随机选择的森林检查局中受雇,回答了关于流行病学和tick虫传播疾病预防的问题。检查了在一个森林检查局雇用的82名林业工作者中是否存在特定的抗伯氏疏螺旋体抗体。问卷中各个项目之间的相关性通过Spearman检验进行了评估。通过Mann-Whitney检验评估血清学检验的结果。对结果的统计分析表明,在森林中从事体力劳动的工人面临tick虫叮咬和contract虫传播疾病收缩的最大风险。他们意识到这种危险,但是使用了不正确的方法来去除手指上的tick虫。比较工作类别和血清学研究结果之间的关系(以BBU / ml表示),发现体力劳动者的血清学反应显着大于行政人员(p = 0.019)。所有其他比较均未产生明显结果。因此,向森林检查机构提供一种简单的镊子状装置似乎是预防莱姆病(Lyme borreliosis)和其他壁虱传播疾病的有效手段。
  • 【阻塞性睡眠呼吸不足-呼吸暂停综合症对军工就业的影响】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.562 复制DOI
    作者列表:Vanderperre G,Nguyen-Huy-Thui G,Marsan P,Desjeux G,Marcaillou M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:The diurnal hypersomnia associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects soldier employment and deployability. In this study, we examined the impact of OSA on the employment of soldiers on continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) therapy by measuring several items: work absenteeism using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, diurnal hypersomnia, and career advancement. METHODS:A questionnaire was sent by regular mail to 940 soldiers with OSA on CPAP therapy who are insured by the French Military Healthcare Fund (Caisse Nationale Militaire de Sécurité Sociale). RESULTS:Questionnaires were returned by 439 soldiers: mean age 47 years; mean body mass index 29.8kg/m2. Absenteeism reached 0.45%, and work productivity impairment 8.7%. Hypersomnia was reported by 15.4% and was severe for 9.7%. The average daily working time was 6.5hours. Quality of life was improved for 91.1%. The military practitioner had diagnosed OSA in 19.6% of these soldiers and had prescribed treatment in 14.9%. DISCUSSION:Residual OSA in these soldiers on CPAP therapy had little impact on work productivity impairment that was less than observed in populations with chronic diseases. In our study population, hypersomnia was less common than observed in the general population. An impact on career advancement could not be clearly demonstrated. Close medical follow-up is warranted in certain populations due to the persistence of severe somnolence in a significant number of patients.
    背景与目标: 简介:与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)相关的昼夜失眠会影响士兵的就业和部署能力。在这项研究中,我们通过测量以下几项来检查OSA对持续气道正压(CPAP)疗法对士兵就业的影响:使用工作生产率和活动障碍(WPAI)问卷调查工作缺勤,昼夜失眠和职业发展。
    方法:通过法国邮政医疗保险基金会(Caisse Nationale Militaire deSécuritéSociale)的保险,通过常规邮件向940名接受CPAP治疗的OSA士兵发送问卷调查表。
    结果:439名士兵返回了调查表:平均年龄47岁;平均体重指数29.8kg / m2。旷工率达0.45%,工作效率减损达8.7%。据报道,失眠率为15.4%,严重者为9.7%。平均每日工作时间为6.5小时。生活质量提高了91.1%。军事从业人员在这些士兵中诊断出OSA的比例为19.6%,并开出了处方药的比例为14.9%。
    讨论:接受CPAP治疗的这些士兵中的残留OSA对工作生产率的损害影响不大,其影响小于在慢性病人群中观察到的影响。在我们的研究人群中,失眠症比普通人群少见。不能清楚地表明对职业发展的影响。由于大量患者持续存在严重的嗜睡症,因此在某些人群中应进行密切的医学随访。
  • 【[临时就业与健康:按工作任期划分的职业伤害风险的多元分析]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bena A,Giraudo M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To study the relationship between job tenure and injury risk, controlling for individual factors and company characteristics. DESIGN:Analysis of incidence and injury risk by job tenure, controlling for gender, age, nationality, economic activity, firm size. SETTING:Sample of 7% of Italian workers registered in the INPS (National Institute of Social Insurance) database. PARTICIPANTS:Private sector employees who worked as blue collars or apprentices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:First-time occupational injuries, all occupational injuries, serious occupational injuries. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:Our findings show an increase in injury risk among those who start a new job and an inverse relationship between job tenure and injury risk. Multivariate analysis confirm these results. Recommendations for improving this situation include the adoption of organizational models that provide periods of mentoring from colleagues already in the company and the assignment to simple and not much hazardous tasks. The economic crisis may exacerbate this problem: it is important for Italy to improve the systems of monitoring relations between temporary employment and health.
    背景与目标: 目的:研究工作任期与伤害风险之间的关系,控制个体因素和公司特征。
    设计:按职位任期分析发病率和伤害风险,控制性别,年龄,国籍,经济活动,公司规模。
    地点:在INPS(国家社会保险学会)数据库中注册的7%的意大利工人样本。
    参与者:担任蓝领或学徒的私营部门员工。
    主要观察指标:初次职业伤害,所有职业伤害,严重职业伤害。
    结果与结论:我们的研究结果表明,开始新工作的人受伤风险增加,并且工作任期与受伤风险之间呈反比关系。多变量分析证实了这些结果。改善这种情况的建议包括采用组织模型,该模型提供了公司现有同事的指导时间,并分配了简单且危险性不高的任务。经济危机可能使这个问题恶化:意大利对改善临时就业与健康之间关系的监测系统很重要。
  • 【与一般人群相比,肺癌幸存者的就业状况和与工作有关的困难。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318291db9d 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kim YA,Yun YH,Chang YJ,Lee J,Kim MS,Lee HS,Zo JI,Kim J,Choi YS,Shim YM,Yoon SJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To investigate the employment status of lung cancer survivors and the work-related problems they face. BACKGROUND:Although the number of lung cancer survivors is increasing, little is known about their employment and work-related issues. METHODS:We enrolled 830 lung cancer survivors 12 months after lung cancer curative surgery (median time after diagnosis, 4.11 years) and 1000 volunteers from the general population. All participants completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Core 30-item and a questionnaire that included items relating to their jobs. We used logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of unemployment. RESULTS:The employment rate of lung cancer survivors decreased from 68.6% at the time of diagnosis to 38.8% after treatment, which was significantly lower than the employment rate of the general population (63.5%; adjusted odds ratio = 2.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.66-3.22). The posttreatment unemployment rate was higher for women than for men. Among survivors, employment was inversely associated with older age, household income, number of comorbidities, and poor social functioning. Fatigue (78.6%) was the most common work-related problem reported by survivors. CONCLUSIONS:Lung cancer survivors experienced more difficulties in employment than did the general population. Age, monthly household income, number of comorbidities, and social functioning appear to be important factors influencing employment status. These findings suggest that lung cancer survivors need support to cope with the financial impact of cancer.
    背景与目标: 目的:调查肺癌幸存者的就业状况及其面临的工作相关问题。
    背景:尽管肺癌幸存者的数量正在增加,但对其就业和工作相关问题知之甚少。
    方法:我们纳入了肺癌根治性手术后12个月(诊断后中位时间为4.11年)的830名肺癌幸存者和1000例一般人群。所有参与者均完成了《欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织生活质量调查表》,核心30项以及一份包括与其工作有关的项目的调查表。我们使用逻辑回归分析来确定失业的独立预测因素。
    结果:肺癌幸存者的就业率从诊断时的68.6%下降到治疗后的38.8%,明显低于一般人群的就业率(63.5%;调整后的优势比= 2.31,置信区间为95%) :1.66-3.22)。女性的治疗后失业率高于男性。在幸存者中,就业与年龄,家庭收入,合并症数量和不良的社会功能成反比。疲劳(78.6%)是幸存者报告的最常见的与工作有关的问题。
    结论:肺癌幸存者的就业困难比普通人群更多。年龄,家庭月收入,合并症数量和社会功能似乎是影响就业状况的重要因素。这些发现表明,肺癌幸存者需要支持以应对癌症的经济影响。
  • 【对患有精神病或药物滥用疾病以及就业和收入的退伍军人进行补偿。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.7205/milmed.172.2.162 复制DOI
    作者列表:Greenberg GA,Rosenheck RA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Using a national sample of veterans, we examined the relationship between disability income and employment, adjusting for health status and other factors. Veterans Affairs disability income payments had no globally detrimental effect on labor force participation, in that the likelihood of employment was reduced only at payment levels of more than $800 per month. Although unearned income from other sources also did not have a substantial negative effect on labor force participation, veterans who received benefits from the Social Security Administration or welfare payments were less likely to be employed, mostly likely because employment earnings above a certain level in some programs may result in the loss of monetary benefits and health insurance.
    背景与目标: :使用全国退伍军人样本,我们研究了残疾收入与就业之间的关系,并针对健康状况和其他因素进行了调整。退伍军人事务部的残疾收入支付对劳动力的参与没有全球性的不利影响,因为只有每月支付800美元以上的工资水平,就业的可能性才会降低。尽管其他来源的非劳动收入也没有对劳动力的参与产生实质性的负面影响,但从社会保障局获得福利或领取福利金的退伍军人的就业可能性较小,主要是因为在某些计划中,就业收入超过了一定水平可能会导致金钱利益和健康保险的损失。
  • 【一项旨在改善美国领取福利的妇女健康状况的随机对照试验:就业成果与经济衰退之间的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.08.011 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kneipp SM,Kairalla JA,Sheely AL
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The high prevalence of health conditions among U.S. women receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF, or 'welfare') impedes the ability of many in this group to move from 'welfare-to-work', and the economic recession has likely exacerbated this problem. Despite this, few interventions have been developed to improve employment outcomes by addressing the health needs of women receiving TANF, and little is known about the impact of economic downturns on the employment trajectory of this group. Using data from a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) that tested the efficacy of a public health nursing (PHN) intervention to address the chronic health condition needs of 432 American women receiving TANF, we examine the effect of the intervention and of recession exposure on employment. We further explore whether intervention effects were modified by select sociodemographic and health characteristics. Both marginal and more robust intervention effects were noted for employment-entry outcomes (any employment, p = 0.05 and time-to-employment, p = 0.01). There were significant effects for recession exposure on employment-entry (any employment, p = 0.002 and time-to-employment, p < 0.001). Neither the intervention nor recession exposure influenced longer-term employment outcomes (employment rate or maximum continuous employment). Intervention effects were not modified by age, education, prior TANF receipt, functional status, or recession exposure, suggesting the intervention was equally effective in improving employment-entry across a fairly heterogeneous group both before and after the recession onset. These findings advance our understanding of the health and employment dynamics among this group of disadvantaged women under variable macroeconomic conditions, and have implications for guiding health and TANF-related policy.
    背景与目标: :接受贫困家庭临时援助(TANF或“福利”)的美国女性中健康状况的普遍存在阻碍了该群体中许多人从“福利到工作”的转变能力,经济衰退可能加剧了这一状况这个问题。尽管如此,很少有干预措施通过满足接受TANF的妇女的健康需求来改善就业结果,而对于经济不景气对这一群体的就业轨迹的影响知之甚少。使用来自最近的一项随机对照试验(RCT)的数据,该数据测试了公共卫生护理(PHN)干预措施的有效性,以解决432名接受TANF的美国妇女的长期健康状况需求,我们研究了干预措施和经济衰退暴露对就业。我们进一步探讨是否通过选择的社会人口统计学和健康特征来修改干预效果。录入就业成果的边际和更强有力的干预效果均得到了记录(任何就业,p = 0.05和上班时间,p = 0.01)。衰退风险对就业进入有显着影响(任何就业,p = 0.002和上班时间,p <0.001)。干预和衰退暴露都不会影响长期就业结果(就业率或最大连续就业)。干预效果不受年龄,教育程度,TANF接受者,功能状态或衰退暴露的影响没有改变,这表明在衰退开始之前和之后,该干预措施在改善相当异类人群的就业机会方面同样有效。这些发现使我们对这组处于不利的宏观经济条件下的弱势妇女群体的健康和就业动态有了更深入的了解,并且对指导健康和TANF相关政策具有重要意义。
  • 【尼日利亚西南部奥贡州废物管理工作者接触固体废物与工作时间有关的健康和疾病的一些重要指标的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0960327113488612 复制DOI
    作者列表:Odewabi AO,Ogundahunsi OA,Ekor M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Waste management workers (WMWs) around the world are at risk of work-related health disorders. The influence of employment duration on individuals occupationally exposed to solid waste was investigated in this study. The study comprised (n = 280) 180 WMWs and 100 controls. Employment duration was obtained from questionnaire survey and categorized into three groups: group I (0.5-2 years), group II (>2-4 years) and group III (>4-6 years). Blood sample (10 ml) was collected from the antecubital vein of subjects for analysis. WMWs exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) elevated inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin (Cp)) relative to control. While Cp increased, ESR and CRP decreased with increasing WMWs' employment duration. Alteration in oxidant/antioxidant markers was characterized by significant (p < 0.001) decrease in ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and catalase activity together with marked (p < 0.01) elevation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and uric acid (UA). TBARS, UA and FRAP increased while catalase decreased with WMWs' employment duration. In addition, WMWs exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG, which also increased and decreased, respectively, with job duration. The significantly (p < 0.01) decreased haemoglobin and haematocrit levels as well as the significantly (p < 0.001) elevated total leukocytes in WMWs increased with employment duration. Alanine aminotransferase increased and albumin decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in WMWs, and these changes also increased and decreased, respectively, with job duration. Data suggest that levels of alteration of important systemic markers of health/disease are related to WMWs' employment or exposure duration.
    背景与目标: :全世界的废物管理工作者(WMW)都面临与工作有关的健康疾病的风险。在这项研究中,研究了工作时间对职业接触固体废物的人的影响。该研究包括(n = 280)180个兆瓦和100个对照。就业时间通过问卷调查获得,分为三组:第一组(0.5-2年),第二组(> 2-4年)和第三组(> 4-6年)。从受试者的肘前静脉收集血液样品(10 ml)进行分析。相对于对照,WMW表现出显着(p <0.001)炎性标记(红细胞沉降率(ESR),C反应蛋白(CRP)和铜蓝蛋白(Cp))升高。随着Cp的增加,ESW和CRP随WMW就业时间的增加而减少。氧化剂/抗氧化剂标志物的改变的特征是血浆(FRAP)和过氧化氢酶活性的铁还原能力显着(p <0.001)下降,硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质(TBARS)和尿酸显着(p <0.01)升高( UA)。随着WMW工作时间的延长,TBARS,UA和FRAP增加,而过氧化氢酶减少。此外,WWWs的免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和IgG显着(p <0.01)升高,并且随着工作时间的延长而分别升高和降低。随着工作时间的增加,WMW中的血红蛋白和血细胞比容水平显着降低(p <0.01),总白细胞显着升高(p <0.001)。在WMW中,丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高而白蛋白显着降低(p <0.05),并且这些变化也随着工作时间的延长而分别增加和减少。数据表明,健康/疾病的重要系统性标志物的改变水平与WMW的就业或接触时间有关。
  • 【找出学习障碍非常成功的成年人在就业成功中的可替代模式。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/002221949202500802 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gerber PJ,Ginsberg R,Reiff HB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Adults with learning disabilities were studied to ascertain the patterns of successful functioning that promoted high levels of vocational success. This area of research has been neglected in the developing research base on adults with learning disabilities. In this study of 46 highly successful and 25 moderately successful adults with learning disabilities using ethnographic interviews, it was found that the overriding theme was control and that control was sought through the pursuit of two sets of themes--internal decisions and external manifestations. These themes transcended the entire sample, and the clear difference between the groups was the degree of attainment on the various elements the themes comprised. These elements and themes are discussed and a model of successful vocational functioning is developed and explained.
    背景与目标: :对有学习障碍的成年人进行了研究,以确定可以促进高水平职业成功的成功运作模式。在有学习障碍的成年人的发展中的研究基础上,这一研究领域被忽略了。在这项通过民族志访谈对46名非常成功的学习障碍成年人和25个中度成功学习障碍成年人进行的研究中,发现压倒一切的主题是控制力,而控制力则是通过追求两个主题-内部决策和外部表现力-来寻求的。这些主题超越了整个样本,各组之间的明显区别是对主题所包含的各种元素的理解程度。讨论了这些要素和主题,并开发和解释了成功的职业功能模型。
  • 【严重外伤性脑损伤后沟通技能与就业成果之间关系的探索性前瞻性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/02699052.2013.775491 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rietdijk R,Simpson G,Togher L,Power E,Gillett L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:The aim of this pilot study was to explore possible correlations between measures of functional communication skills in the first year post-injury and later employment outcome. DESIGN:A preliminary observational study employing a prospective longitudinal design. METHODS:Fourteen adults with traumatic brain injury completed an assessment involving two functional communication measures: an objective test of cognitive communication skills (Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies, FAVRES) and self-ratings of communication impairment (LaTrobe Communication Questionnaire, LCQ). Follow-up of participants' employment outcome was conducted 9-18 months after the initial assessment. RESULTS:At follow-up, eight participants had returned to employment (working a similar number of hours to their pre-injury status), five were unemployed and one was lost to follow-up. Employment status at follow-up was strongly correlated with both FAVRES Total Accuracy scores (r = 0.833) and Total Rationale scores (r = 0.837), but there were no correlations with FAVRES Time and Reasoning scores or with the LCQ. CONCLUSIONS:The FAVRES shows initial promise as an assessment that may be associated with successful employment outcome following traumatic brain injury. Further research with larger samples is required to provide further information on the prognostic utility of measures such as the FAVRES and the LCQ.
    背景与目标: 主要目标:这项初步研究的目的是探讨受伤后第一年的功能性沟通技巧与以后的就业结局之间的可能相关性。
    设计:采用前瞻性纵向设计的初步观察性研究。
    方法:十四名患有颅脑外伤的成年人完成了一项涉及两种功能性交流措施的评估:一项认知交流技能的客观测试(言语推理和执行策略的功能评估,FAVRES)和交流障碍的自我评估(LaTrobe交流问卷,LCQ) 。在初步评估后的9-18个月内对参与者的就业结果进行随访。
    结果:在随访中,有八名参与者重返工作岗位(工作时间与受伤前的状态相似),有五名失业者,一名失踪。随访时的就业状况与FAVRES总准确度得分(r = 0.833)和总基本原理得分(r = 0.837)都密切相关,但与FAVRES时间和推理得分或LCQ均不相关。
    结论:FAVRES显示出最初的希望,作为一项评估,可能与脑外伤后成功的就业结果有关。需要对较大样本进行进一步研究,以提供有关FAVRES和LCQ等措施的预后效用的进一步信息。
  • 【日本的老年工作:性别和就业状况的差异。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/geronb/59.3.s154 复制DOI
    作者列表:Raymo JM,Liang J,Sugisawa H,Kobayashi E,Sugihara Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:This study describes the correlates of labor force participation among Japanese men and women aged 60-85 and examines differences by gender and employment status. METHODS:Using four waves of data collected from a national sample of older Japanese between 1990 and 1999, we estimate multinomial logistic regression models for three measures of labor force participation (current labor force status, labor force exit, and labor force re-entry) as a function of individual and family characteristics measured 3 years earlier. RESULTS:Labor force participation is significantly associated with socioeconomic status, longest occupation, and family structure. The strength and nature of these relationships differ markedly for men and women and for wage employment and self-employment. DISCUSSION:The emphasis on life course experiences and work-family interdependence characterizing recent research on retirement in the United States is clearly relevant in Japan as well. To better understand later-life labor force participation in Japan, subsequent research should incorporate more direct measures of life course experiences and family relationships and attempt to make explicit cross-national comparisons of these relationships.
    背景与目标: 目的:本研究描述了60-85岁日本男性和女性劳动力参与的相关性,并研究了性别和就业状况之间的差异。
    方法:使用1990年至1999年从日本老年人的国家样本中收集的四波数据,我们估算了劳动力参与的三种测度(当前劳动力状况,劳动力退出和劳动力再进入)的多项式Lo​​gistic回归模型。根据3年前测得的个人和家庭特征而定。
    结果:劳动力的参与与社会经济地位,最长的职业和家庭结构显着相关。这些关系的强度和性质对于男人和妇女以及有薪工作和自谋职业有明显的不同。
    讨论:在美国,对退休研究的最新研究对生活过程经验和工作家庭相互依存关系的重视在日本也很明显。为了更好地了解日本的后代劳动力参与,随后的研究应结合生活过程经验和家庭关系的更直接方法,并试图对这些关系进行明确的跨国比较。
  • 【JobFit系统职前功能评估工具的可靠性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-01-01
    来源期刊:Work
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Legge J,Burgess-Limerick R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Functional capacity testing in the pre-employment or post-offer phase of recruitment is increasing in popularity as a preventative tool for controlling sprains and strains in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability of the JobFit System Pre-Employment Functional Assessment (PEFA) as a whole, or in parts, as a precursor for a validity study investigating the relationship between PEFA results and workplace injury rates and severity. A group of 28 healthy male coal mine employees were videotaped whilst they participated in a generic JobFit System Pre-Employment Functional Assessment (PEFA) including tests of aerobic physical fitness, balance, postural tolerances and material handling tolerances. Twenty participants performed a second trial. The test component scores and overall PEFA scores were compared between trials (test-retest, intra-rater) and assessors (inter-rater) to determine their reliability expressed in terms of ICC. Using an ICC score of > 0.75 as good and > 0.90 as excellent, in conjunction with percentage agreement a good to excellent reliability rating was allocated to the overall PEFA score, floor to bench lift, bench to overhead lift, bilateral carry and climbing. A moderate to good rating was recorded for bench to shoulder lifts, reaching forward, reaching overhead and stooping. A poor to moderate rating was recorded for squatting, balance and fitness tests. Test-retest scores were typically lower than intra-tester and inter-tester scores. ICC scores should be interpreted with consideration of their limitations and in conjunction with the actual test results.
    背景与目标: :在招聘前或招聘后阶段进行功能能力测试正日益普及,作为控制工作场所扭伤和劳损的预防工具。这项研究的目的是确定JobFit系统职前功能评估(PEFA)的整体或部分可靠性,作为进行PEFA结果与工作场所伤害率和严重程度之间关系的有效性研究的前兆。一组28名健康的男性煤矿员工在参加通用的JobFit系统职前功能评估(PEFA)时进行了录像,包括对有氧身体健康,平衡,姿势耐受性和材料处理耐受性的测试。二十名参与者进行了第二次试验。在试验(重测,评估者内部)和评估者(评估​​者)之间比较测试成分分数和总体PEFA分数,以确定其可靠性,以ICC表示。使用ICC评分> 0.75时好且> 0.90时好,再加上百分比协议,将良好至卓越的可靠性评分分配给PEFA的总体评分,地板到板凳举升,板凳到高架举升,双侧抬升和爬升。记录到的板凳到肩部举升,向前伸直,在头顶伸直和弯腰的评分为中到好。记录下蹲,平衡和健康测试的评分为中至差。重测分数通常低于测试者内部和测试者之间的分数。解释ICC分数时应考虑其局限性,并结合实际测试结果。
  • 【就业与病态肥胖者健康相关的生活质量有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11695-010-0289-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lund RS,Karlsen TI,Hofsø D,Fredheim JM,Røislien J,Sandbu R,Hjelmesæth J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:We aimed to investigate whether employment status was associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a population of morbidly obese subjects. METHODS:A total of 143 treatment-seeking morbidly obese patients completed the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Obesity and Weight-Loss Quality of Life (OWLQOL) questionnaires. The former (SF-36) is a generic measure of physical and mental health status and the latter (OWLQOL) an obesity-specific measure of emotional status. Multiple linear regression analyses included various measures of the HRQoL as dependent variables and employment status, education, marital status, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and treatment choice as independent variables. RESULTS:The patients (74% women, 56% employed) had a mean (SD, range) age of 44 (11, 19-66) years and a mean BMI of 44.3 (5.4) kg/m(2). The employed patients reported significantly higher HRQoL scores within all eight subscales of SF-36, while the OWLQOL scores were comparable between the two groups. Multiple linear regression confirmed that employment was a strong independent predictor of HRQoL according to the SF-36. Based on part correlation coefficients, employment explained 16% of the variation in the physical and 9% in the mental component summaries of SF-36, while gender explained 22% of the variation in the OWLQOL scores. CONCLUSION:Employment is associated with the physical and mental HRQoL of morbidly obese subjects, but is not associated with the emotional aspects of quality of life.
    背景与目标: 背景:我们旨在调查在病态肥胖受试者中,就业状况是否与健康相关的生活质量(HRQoL)相关。
    方法:共有143名寻求治疗的病态肥胖患者完成了医学成果研究36项简短健康调查(SF-36)和肥胖与体重减轻生活质量(OWLQOL)问卷。前者(SF-36)是衡量身体和精神健康状况的通用指标,而后者(OWLQOL)是针对肥胖者的情绪状况的指标。多元线性回归分析包括将HRQoL的各种量度作为因变量,并将就业状况,教育程度,婚姻状况,性别,年龄,体重指数(BMI),2型糖尿病,高血压,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和治疗选择作为独立变量。
    结果:患者(74%的女性,56%的受雇女性)的平均(SD,范围)年龄为44(11,19-66)岁,平均BMI为44.3(5.4)kg / m(2)。受雇的患者报告在SF-36的所有八个分量表中HRQoL得分均显着较高,而两组的OWLQOL得分相当。多元线性回归证实,根据SF-36,就业是HRQoL的强烈独立预测因子。根据零件的相关系数,就业解释了SF-36的身体变化的16%,心理组成的摘要的9%,而性别则解释了OWLQOL分数的22%。
    结论:就业与病态肥胖受试者的身心HRQoL有关,但与生活质量的情感方面无关。
  • 【劳动合同变更对工人的工作生活质量,工作不安全感,健康状况和与工作相关的态度的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1539/joh.12-0098-oa 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wagenaar AF,Kompier MA,Houtman IL,van den Bossche SN,Taris TW
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:Changes in employment contracts may impact the quality of working life, job insecurity, health and work-related attitudes. We examined the validity of two partly competing theoretical approaches. Based upon a segmentation approach, we expected no change in scores among stable trajectories, whereas upward trajectories were expected to be for the better and downward trajectories to be for the worse (Hypothesis 1). As turnover theories suggest that this hypothesis may only apply to workers who do not change employer, we also examined these contract trajectories stratified for a change of employer (Hypothesis 2). METHODS AND RESULTS:Drawing on the 2007 and 2008 waves of the Netherlands Working Conditions Cohort Study (N=9,688), repeated measures analysis of covariance showed little across-time change in the criterion variables, thus largely disconfirming our first hypothesis. These results could (at least partly) be explained by employer change; this was generally associated with improved scores among all contract trajectories (Hypothesis 2). However, workers receiving a less stable contract from the same employer were found to be at risk for health and well-being problems. CONCLUSIONS:Segmentation theory-based assumptions on contract trajectories primarily apply to stable and downward contract trajectories at the same employer, whereas assumptions from turnover theories better apply to contract trajectories combined with a change of employer. Future research should focus more closely on factors predicting "involuntary" downward trajectories into precarious temporary employment or unemployment.
    背景与目标: 目的:就业合同的变更可能会影响工作生活质量,工作不安全感,健康状况和与工作相关的态度。我们研究了两种部分竞争的理论方法的有效性。基于分割方法,我们预计稳定轨迹之间的分数不会发生变化,而向上轨迹的效果更好,而向下轨迹的效果更差(假设1)。由于离职理论表明,这一假设仅适用于不更换雇主的工人,因此,我们还检查了因更换雇主而分层的这些合同轨迹(假设2)。
    方法和结果:根据荷兰工作条件队列研究(N = 9,688)的2007年和2008年浪潮,对协方差的重复测量分析显示标准变量几乎没有跨时变化,从而在很大程度上证实了我们的第一个假设。这些结果可以(至少部分地)由雇主的改变来解释;这通常与所有合同轨迹中得分的提高有关(假设2)。但是,发现与同一雇主签订的合同不稳定的工人面临健康和福祉问题的风险。
    结论:基于分段理论的合同轨迹假设主要适用于同一雇主的稳定和向下的合同轨迹,而来自周转理论的假设则更好地适用于结合雇主变动的合同轨迹。未来的研究应更集中于预测“非自愿”下降轨迹到不稳定的临时就业或失业的因素。

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