• 【与情绪衰竭有关的自我报告的认知困难和认知功能:来自两项研究的证据。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/smi.2930 复制DOI
    作者列表:Horvat M,Tement S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Individuals with burnout often report having difficulties with concentration and memory in everyday life. However, empirical evidence on cognitive decline using performance-based measures is limited and often obtained on small clinical samples. The aim of the present two studies was to investigate cognitive correlates of emotional exhaustion on otherwise healthy populations at different life stages with varying degrees of burnout. A total of 201 graduate and undergraduate students participated in Study 1, and a heterogeneous sample (N = 203) of working individuals took part in Study 2. Cognitive performance was assessed by self-reported cognitive difficulties and three performance-based cognitive tests of sustained attention, inhibition of irrelevant information, and inhibition of prepotent responses. Controlling for gender, age, and depression symptoms, multiple regression analyses in Study 1 indicated a positive relationship between emotional exhaustion and self-reported cognitive difficulties but no correlation with the performance-based cognitive measures. A similar pattern of results emerged in Study 2. However, we found tentative evidence for cognitive impairment on the sustained attention measure. The results of these two studies partially support previous findings and extend the literature on cognitive aspects of burnout.
    背景与目标: :有倦怠感的人经常报告在日常生活中注意力和记忆力有困难。但是,基于绩效的测量方法对认知能力下降的经验证据有限,并且通常在较小的临床样本上获得。本两项研究的目的是调查在不同生活阶段,职业倦怠程度不同的健康人群的情绪衰竭的认知相关性。共有201名研究生和本科生参加了研究1,不同类型的工作个体样本(N = 203)参与了研究2。通过自我报告的认知困难和三种基于表现的持续性认知测验来评估认知表现。注意,抑制不相关的信息以及抑制有力的反应。控制性别,年龄和抑郁症状后,研究1中的多元回归分析表明,情绪衰竭与自我报告的认知困难之间存在正相关关系,但与基于表现的认知指标无关。研究2中也出现了类似的结果。但是,我们发现了持续关注测评中认知障碍的初步证据。这两项研究的结果部分支持先前的发现,并扩展了关于倦怠认知方面的文献。
  • 【Sigma配体的有效自我管理可改善神经性疼痛的伤害性和情感性表现。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00251.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bura AS,Guegan T,Zamanillo D,Vela JM,Maldonado R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The treatment of neuropathic pain is unsatisfactory at the present moment and the sigma 1 receptor has been identified as a new potential target for neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to use an operant self-administration model to reveal the potential interest of a new sigma 1 receptor antagonist, S1RA, in chronic pain that was developed in mice by a partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. METHODS:Once that chronic pain had reached a steady state, mice were trained to maintain an operant behaviour to self-administer S1RA. The possible abuse liability of the analgesic compound was determined by evaluating operant self-administration in sham-operated mice. The influence of S1RA on the anhedonic state related to chronic pain was also evaluated by measuring the preference for palatable drink (2% sucrose solution) using a recently validated and highly sensitive behavioural device. RESULTS:Nerve-injured mice, but not sham-operated animals, acquired the operant responding to obtain S1RA (6 mg/kg/infusion). After 10 days of S1RA self-administration, neuropathic pain was significantly reduced in nerve-injured mice. In addition, an anhedonic state was revealed in nerve-injured mice by a decreased consumption of palatable drink, which was significantly attenuated by S1RA (25 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS:These results reveal the analgesic efficacy of the sigma antagonist, S1RA, in neuropathic pain associated with an improvement of the emotional negative state and that was devoided of reinforcing effects. The operant responses evaluated in this new mouse model can have a high predictive value to estimate the clinical benefit/risk ratio of new analgesic compounds to treat chronic pain, such as S1RA.
    背景与目标: 背景:目前对神经性疼痛的治疗还不能令人满意,sigma 1受体已被确定为神经性疼痛的新潜在靶标。这项研究的目的是使用一种有效的自我管理模型来揭示新型sigma 1受体拮抗剂S1RA在通过局部结扎坐骨神经引起的小鼠慢性疼痛中的潜在利益。
    方法:一旦慢性疼痛达到稳定状态,就对小鼠进行训练以保持自我S1RA自我管理的操作行为。通过评估假手术小鼠的操作性自我给药来确定该镇痛剂可能的滥用责任。 S1RA对与慢性疼痛有关的性快感状态的影响也通过使用最近验证且高度敏感的行为设备测量对可口饮料(2%蔗糖溶液)的偏好来评估。
    结果:神经损伤的小鼠获得了S1RA(6μg/ kg /输注)的反应,但没有假手术的动物。 S1RA自我给药10天后,神经损伤小鼠的神经性疼痛明显减轻。此外,减少可口饮料的摄入量可减轻神经损伤小鼠的快感状态,而S1RA(25μg/ kg)可以明显降低这种状态。
    结论:这些结果揭示了西格玛拮抗剂S1RA在神经性疼痛中与情绪消极状态改善相关的镇痛效果,并且缺乏增强作用。在这种新的小鼠模型中评估的手术反应可以具有较高的预测价值,可以评估新型镇痛药(例如S1RA)的临床镇痛药的临床获益/风险比。
  • 【互助组织中有情绪障碍者的帮助程序。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1521/ijgp.51.3.295.49888 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cheung SK,Sun SY
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To date, the notion of helpfulness of group processes has been equivocal in research on self-help groups. This article argues that findings drawn from the participants' subjective appraisals of helpfulness carry meanings different from those drawn from the correlational approach. In a mutual aid organization serving adults with mental health problems, the study found that, whereas universality, self-disclosure, and instillation of hope were the most valued processes, support and catharsis were the strongest correlates of benefits of participation. The authors propose a two-level hierarchy that distinguishes sustaining and beneficial factors. Different sets of factors should constitute the focus of facilitation at different stages of group development.
    背景与目标: :到目前为止,在自助小组的研究中,小组过程的帮助性概念一直是模棱两可的。本文认为,从参与者对帮助的主观评价中得出的结论与从相关方法中得出的含义不同。在一个为有精神健康问题的成年人提供服务的互助组织中,研究发现,普遍性,自我表露和灌输希望是最有价值的过程,而支持和宣泄则是参与所带来的利益的最重要联系。作者提出了一个两级层次结构,可以区分维持因素和有益因素。在群体发展的不同阶段,不同的因素集应该成为促进工作的重点。
  • 【对情绪表达的频谱能量分布的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jvoice.2012.08.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Guzman M,Correa S,Muñoz D,Mayerhoff R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to determine the influence of emotional expression in spectral energy distribution in professional theater actors. STUDY DESIGN:The study design is a quasi-experimental study. METHOD:Thirty-seven actors, native Spanish speakers, were included. All subjects had at least 3 years of professional experience as a theater actor and no history of vocal pathology for the last 5 years. Participants were recorded during a read-aloud task of a 230-word passage, expressing six different emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, tenderness, and eroticism) and without emotion (neutral state). Acoustical analysis with long-term average spectrum included three variables: the energy level difference between the F(1) and fundamental frequency (F(0)) regions, ratio between 1-5kHz and 5-8kHz, and alpha ratio. RESULTS:All the different emotions differ significantly from the neutral state for alpha ratio and 1-5/5-8kHz ratio. Only significant differences between "joy," "anger," and "eroticism" were found for L1-L0 ratio. Statistically significant differences between genders for the three acoustical variables were also found. CONCLUSION:The expression of emotion impacts the spectral energy distribution. On the one hand emotional states characterized by a breathy voice quality such as tenderness, sadness, and eroticism present a low harmonic energy above 1kHz, high glottal noise energy, and more energy on F(0) than overtones. On the other hand, emotional states such as joy, anger, and fear are characterized by high harmonic energy greater than 1kHz (less steep spectral slope declination), low glottal noise energy, and more energy on the F(1) than F(0) region.
    背景与目标: 目的:本研究的目的是确定情感表达对专业戏剧演员光谱能量分布的影响。
    研究设计:研究设计是一个准实验研究。
    方法:包括37位演员,以西班牙语为母语。所有受试者均具有至少3年的戏剧演员专业经验,并且最近5年没有声音病理学史。在230字的朗读朗读任务中记录了参与者,他们表达了六种不同的情感(幸福,悲伤,恐惧,愤怒,温柔和色情),而没有情感(中立状态)。长期平均频谱的声学分析包括三个变量:F(1)和基频(F(0))区域之间的能级差,1-5kHz和5-8kHz之间的比率以及alpha比率。
    结果:对于α比率和1-5 / 5-8kHz比率,所有不同的情绪都与中性状态显着不同。 L1-L0比率仅在“欢乐”,“愤怒”和“色情”之间发现显着差异。还发现在三个声学变量上性别之间的统计上显着差异。
    结论:情绪表达影响光谱能量分布。一方面,以呼吸音质为特征的情绪状态,例如温柔,悲伤和色情,呈现出高于1kHz的低谐波能量,声门噪声高的能量以及F(0)上比泛音更多的能量。另一方面,诸如喜悦,愤怒和恐惧之类的情绪状态的特征是高谐波能量大于1kHz(频谱斜率偏斜较小),声门噪声低,并且F(1)上的能量大于F(0) ) 地区。
  • 【父母监禁与儿童情绪和行为发展之间的纵向联系:一项人口队列研究的结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/cch.12732 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bradshaw D,Hannigan A,Creaven AM,Muldoon OT
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Parental incarceration (PI) is associated with adverse developmental outcomes for children affected. However, research in this area often reports conflicting results with few studies following children across time in non-U.S. POPULATIONS:Additionally, more research is called for using multi-informant perspectives rather than relying on adult reports of child outcomes alone. METHODS:This study used data from the first two waves of a nationally representative cohort study of 8,568 children aged 9 years and followed up at age 13 living in the Republic of Ireland (2007-2012). Propensity score matching was used to match children who had experienced PI by the age of nine to children who had not experienced PI by sociodemographics and experience of other stressful events. Mental health, as measured by self-concept (Piers-Harris II) and externalizing and internalizing difficulties (strength and difficulties questionnaire), was compared across both groups. RESULTS:Fifty of the 8,568 children (weighted percentage 0.9%) reported experiencing PI by the age of nine. These children came from more socially disadvantaged homes and were more likely to have experienced other potentially stressful life events. In comparison to a matched sample of children not affected by PI, children affected by PI reported higher levels of anxiety at age nine. Longitudinal analysis indicated these children affected by PI also reported lower levels of happiness at age 13 with higher levels of emotional difficulties reported by their primary caregiver. CONCLUSIONS:Children of incarcerated parents face a greater array of life challenges. PI had an association with child-reported levels of anxiety at age nine. PI also had a medium-term association on caregiver assessments of emotional difficulties of children affected as well child-reported levels of happiness over time.
    背景与目标: 背景:亲子监禁(PI)与受影响儿童的不良发育结局相关。但是,该领域的研究通常报告的结果相互矛盾,在美国以外的地区,针对儿童的研究很少。
    人口:此外,需要更多的研究来使用多信息的观点,而不是仅仅依靠成人对儿童结局的报告。
    方法:本研究使用了全国代表性的队列研究的前两波数据,研究对象为爱尔兰共和国(2007-2012年)的8568名9岁且13岁以下的儿童。倾向得分匹配用于通过社会人口统计学和其他压力事件的经历来将9岁之前经历过PI的孩子与那些没有经历过PI的孩子进行匹配。通过自我概念(Piers-Harris II)以及内在和内在的困难(强度和困难问卷)对心理健康进行了比较。
    结果:8568名儿童中有50名(加权百分比为0.9%)报告说到9岁时发生了PI。这些孩子来自社会地位较弱的家庭,更有可能经历过其他潜在的压力性生活事件。与未受PI影响的儿童的匹配样本相比,受PI影响的儿童在9岁时的焦虑水平更高。纵向分析表明,这些受PI影响的孩子在13岁时还报告了较低的幸福感,而其主要护理人员则报告了较高的情感障碍。
    结论:被监禁父母的孩子面临着更大的生活挑战。 PI在9岁时与儿童报告的焦虑水平有关。 PI还与照料者评估有关受影响儿童的情绪困难以及儿童报告的幸福水平随着时间的推移而建立了中期协会。
  • 【焦虑和沮丧的妇女在里约热内卢贫民窟中遭受情感苦难和寻求帮助的经历。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1590/1413-81232017221.11732016 复制DOI
    作者列表:Athié K,Dowrick C,Menezes AL,Cruz L,Lima AC,Delgado PG,Favoretto C,Fortes S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Taking into consideration issues such as stigma and the mental health gap, this study explores narratives of anxious and depressed women treated in a community-based primary care service in a Rio de Janeiro favela about their suffering and care. We analysed 13 in-depth interviews using questions from Kadam's study. Framework analysis studied Access, Gateway, Trust, Psychosocial Issues, and Primary Mental Health Care, as key-concepts. Vulnerability and accessibility were the theoretical references. Thematic analysis found "suffering category", highlighting family and community problems, and "help seeking category", indicating how these women have coped with their emotional problems and addressed their needs through health services, community resources and self-help. Women's language patterns indicated links between implicit social rules and constraints to talk about suffering, especially if related to local violence. High medical turnover and overload are barriers for establishing a positive relationship with family physicians and continuity of care is a facilitator that promotes trust, security and adherence. Concluding, to plan community-based primary mental health care of this population, cultural and social factors must be comprehended as well as the work health teams conditions.
    背景与目标: :考虑到耻辱感和心理健康差距等问题,本研究探讨了在里约热内卢贫民窟的社区初级保健服务机构中接受治疗的焦虑和沮丧妇女的叙述,介绍了她们的痛苦和照料。我们使用Kadam研究中的问题分析了13次深度访谈。框架分析研究了访问,网关,信任,社会心理问题和初级精神卫生保健等关键概念。漏洞和可访问性是理论参考。专题分析发现“遭受苦难的类别”,突出家庭和社区问题以及“寻求帮助的类别”,表明这些妇女如何通过健康服务,社区资源和自助来应对自己的情感问题并满足其需求。妇女的语言模式表明,内隐的社会规则与谈论苦难的约束之间存在联系,特别是在与地方暴力有关的情况下。较高的医疗流失率和超负荷工作是与家庭医生建立积极关系的障碍,而护理的连续性则可促进信任,安全性和依从性。最后,要计划此人群的社区初级精神卫生保健,必须理解文化和社会因素以及工作健康团队的条件。
  • 【实验牙齿运动引起的与情绪压力和疼痛有关的行为。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2319/040207-165.1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yozgatian JH,Zeredo JL,Hotokezaka H,Koga Y,Toda K,Yoshida N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To investigate by behavioral methods the relationship between emotional stress and pain during experimental tooth movement in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (210 to 250 g) were divided into two groups. The experimental group was treated with an active Ti-Ni appliance, and the control group received a passive appliance. A force of 20 gf was delivered by the active appliance between the maxillary first and second molars for 3 days. During this period the rat's behavior was evaluated eight times by means of open-field test and resistance-to-capture test. The specific parameters of animal activity were facial grooming, rearing, and locomotor activity, movement into the center of the open field, and response to capture. RESULTS:Parameters related to stress and pain were higher in the group carrying active appliance, compared to the group with a passive appliance. Statistically significant differences in stress-related behavior between control and experimental groups were found 8 hours after placing the appliance and were most evident on the second day. Pain-related behavior was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS:The increase in emotional stress evoked by orthodontic tooth movement may precede the appearance of periodontal pain.
    背景与目标: 目的:通过行为方法研究实验性牙齿移动过程中情绪压力与疼痛之间的关系。
    材料与方法:将16只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(210至250克)分为两组。实验组用主动式Ti-Ni矫治器治疗,对照组接受被动式矫治器。活动装置在上颌第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间传递20 gf的力持续3天。在此期间,通过开放视野测试和抗捕获性测试对大鼠的行为进行了八次评估。动物活动的具体参数包括面部修饰,饲养和运动活动,移动到开放区域的中心以及对捕获的响应。
    结果:与携带被动器具的组相比,携带主动器具的组中与压力和疼痛相关的参数更高。放置矫治器后8小时,对照组和实验组之间在与压力有关的行为上有统计上的显着差异,并且在第二天最为明显。实验组在24小时时的疼痛相关行为明显大于对照组。
    结论:正畸牙齿运动引起的情绪压力增加可能是在牙周疼痛出现之前。
  • 【在自然主义背景下的情绪危机:表征门诊概况和治疗效果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12888-017-1293-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zanello A,Berthoud L,Bacchetta JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Crisis happens daily yet its understanding is often limited, even in the field of psychiatry. Indeed, a challenge is to assess the potential for change of patients so as to offer appropriate therapeutic interventions and enhance treatment program efficacy. This naturalistic study aimed to identify the socio-demographical characteristics and clinical profiles at admission of patients referred to a specialized Crisis Intervention Center (CIC) and to examine the effectiveness of the intervention. METHOD:The sample was composed of 352 adult outpatients recruited among the referrals to the CIC. Assessment completed at admission and at discharge examined psychiatric symptoms, defense mechanisms, recovery styles and global functioning. The crisis intervention consisted in a psychodynamically oriented multimodal approach associated with medication. RESULTS:Regarding the clinical profiles at intake, patients were middle-aged (M = 38.56, SD = 10.91), with a higher proportion of women (62.22%). They were addressed to the CIC because they had attempted to commit suicide or had suicidal ideation or presented depressed mood related to interpersonal difficulties. No statistical differences were found between patients dropping out (n = 215) and those attending the crisis intervention (n = 137). Crisis intervention demonstrated a beneficial effect (p < 0.01) on almost all variables, with Effect Sizes (ES) ranging from small to large (0.12 < ES < 0.75; median = 0.49). However, the Reliable Change Index indicated that most of the issues fall into the undetermined category (range 41.46 to 96.35%; median = 66.20%). CONCLUSIONS:This study establishes the profile of patients referred to the CIC and shows that more than half of the patients dropped out from the crisis intervention before completion. Our findings suggest that people presenting an emotional crisis benefit from crisis intervention. However, given methodological constraints, these results need to be considered with caution. Moreover, the clinical significance of the improvements is not confirmed. Thus, the effectiveness of crisis intervention in naturalistic context is not fully determined and should be more rigorously studied in future research.
    背景与目标: 背景:危机每天都在发生,但即使在精神病学领域,其理解也常常受到限制。确实,挑战在于评估患者改变的可能性,以提供适当的治疗干预并增强治疗程序的有效性。这项自然主义的研究旨在确定患者入院时的社会人口统计学特征和临床特征,并转交给专门的危机干预中心(CIC),并检查干预措施的有效性。
    方法:该样本由352名在CIC转诊中招募的成人门诊患者组成。入院和出院时完成的评估检查了精神症状,防御机制,恢复方式和整体功能。危机干预包括与药物治疗相关的面向心理动力学的多式联运方法。
    结果:就摄入时的临床情况而言,患者为中年患者(M = 38.56,SD = 10.91),女性比例更高(62.22%)。他们之所以向CIC寻求帮助,是因为他们曾试图自杀或有自杀念头,或表现出与人际交往困难有关的沮丧情绪。辍学的患者(n = 215)与参加危机干预的患者(n = 137)之间没有发现统计差异。危机干预对几乎所有变量都显示出有益的影响(p <0.01),影响大小(ES)从小到大(0.12 结论:该研究建立了被称为CIC的患者的概况,并显示超过一半的患者在完成之前退出了危机干预。我们的研究结果表明,呈现情感危机的人们可以从危机干预中受益。但是,由于方法上的限制,需要谨慎考虑这些结果。而且,尚未确认该改善的临床意义。因此,在自然主义背景下危机干预的有效性尚未完全确定,应在以后的研究中进行更严格的研究。
  • 【精神卫生护理中的情感劳动:综合系统评价。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/inm.12330 复制DOI
    作者列表:Edward KL,Hercelinskyj G,Giandinoto JA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Emotional labour is the effort consumed by suppressing one's own emotions to care for others effectively while also caring for oneself. Mental health nurses are required to engage in effective therapeutic interactions in emotionally-intense situations. The aim of the present integrative systematic review was to investigate the emotional labour of mental health work and how this manifested, the impacts, and the ways to mitigate these impacts. In June 2016, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology, a systematic search of the bibliographic databases was undertaken to identify relevant literature. Screening, data extraction, and synthesis were performed by three reviewers. The inclusion criteria included any original research that investigated the emotional work of mental health nurses. We identified a total of 20 papers to be included in this review. Thematic synthesis of the findings revealed three emergent themes: emotional labour and caring, emotional exhaustion, and self-protection (expressed as emotional intelligence). Emotional labour, emotional exhaustion, and emotional intelligence were considered to be intrinsically linked, where they were both the influencing factor for burnout and a contributor to attrition. The results highlighted that emotional labour could inspire the development and personal growth of emotional intelligence in mental health nurses. In light of these findings, recommendations for clinical practice were considered; they included supportive work environments, involving nurses in shared decision-making, and the provision of ongoing professional development opportunities that facilitate the development of emotional intelligence and resilience.
    背景与目标: :情感劳动是指通过抑制自己的情绪来有效地照顾他人,同时也照顾自己的精力所消耗的精力。精神保健护士需要在情绪紧张的情况下进行有效的治疗互动。本综合系统评价的目的是调查精神卫生工作中的情感劳动,以及其表现形式,影响以及减轻这些影响的方法。 2016年6月,使用系统分析和荟萃分析的首选报告项目,对书目数据库进行了系统搜索,以识别相关文献。筛选,数据提取和合成由三位审阅者进行。纳入标准包括对精神卫生护士的情感工作进行调查的任何原始研究。我们确定了总共20篇论文要纳入此评价。研究结果的主题综合揭示了三个新兴主题:情绪劳动和关怀,情绪疲惫和自我保护(表达为情绪智力)。情感劳动,情感疲惫和情商被认为具有内在联系,既是倦怠的影响因素,也是损耗的原因。结果表明,情绪劳动可以激发心理健康护士中情商的发展和个人成长。根据这些发现,考虑了对临床实践的建议。其中包括支持性的工作环境,使护士参与共同的决策,并提供持续的专业发展机会,以促进情绪智力和适应力的发展。
  • 【类风湿关节炎患者的性别,有偿工作和情绪困扰症状。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/art.1780390310 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fifield J,Reisine S,Sheehan TJ,McQuillan J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relative contribution of gender-related work conditions, gender-related socialization practices, and disease characteristics to the explanation of emotional distress in men and women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

    METHODS:Three hundred sixty-nine RA patients who were employed outside the home were recruited from a national randomized sample of rheumatology practices. Data on paid work and disease characteristics were obtained by telephone interview. Emotional distress was measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Hierarchical ordinary least-squares regression was used to assess the relationship of sex, class, work characteristics, and disease characteristics to both the CES-D summary scale and the CES-D factor structure.

    RESULTS:Differences in emotional distress were explained best by functional ability and pain and secondarily by the characteristics of paid work, with no independent effect for sex. Distress increased with decreasing functional ability, increasing pain, and exposure to such work characteristics as low autonomy, low income, and high demands. No sex differences in any of the CES-D subscales remained after controlling for disease and work variables.

    CONCLUSION:Among employed RA patients with high levels of functional disability and exposure to stressful work characteristics, men and women are at equal risk of experiencing emotional distress.

    背景与目标: 目标:评估与性别有关的工作条件,与性别有关的社会化习惯以及疾病特征对类风湿性关节炎(RA)的男性和女性情绪困扰的解释的相对贡献。

    方法:从全国风湿病学随机抽样中招募了三百六十九名在家庭以外工作的RA患者。通过电话采访获得有关带薪工作和疾病特征的数据。情绪困扰是由流行病学研究中心抑郁症(CES-D)量表测量的。分层普通最小二乘回归用于评估性别,阶级,工作特征和疾病特征与CES-D摘要量表和CES-D因子结构的关系。

    结果< / strong>:最好通过功能能力和痛苦来解释情绪困扰的差异,其次是通过有偿工作的特征来解释,而对性别没有独立的影响。随着功能能力的降低,痛苦的增加以及对诸如自主权低,收入低和需求高的工作特征的暴露,苦难加剧。在控制疾病和工作变量后,任何CES-D分量表均无性别差异。

    结论:在RA患者中,患有高水平的功能障碍和工作压力大特征,男人和女人遭受情绪困扰的风险相同。

  • 【系统性红斑狼疮患者情绪不稳定的临床电生理研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1176/jnp.2008.20.2.201 复制DOI
    作者列表:Langosch J,Rand S,Ghosh B,Sharma S,Tench C,Stratton R,D'Cruz D,Trimble M,Barrett G,Ring H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Neuropsychiatric symptoms are well recognized in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with depression and anxiety often reported. The authors' clinical observations suggested emotional lability might also be a noteworthy symptom. In a consecutive series of systemic lupus erythematosus clinic attendees the authors therefore measured depression, anxiety, and emotional lability. Additionally, based on reports linking emotional reactivity and transient mood changes to alterations in early attentional processes, the authors investigated event-related potential indices of preattentive and early orienting responses to auditory stimuli (N1, MMN, P3a and P3b). The authors observed that 15 of 32 participants with systemic lupus erythematosus had high lability scores and, comparing event-related potential measures between the high and low lability subgroups, noted that those with greater emotional lability demonstrated reduced response latencies in N1 and MMN paradigms.
    背景与目标: 神经精神症状在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)中得到很好的识别,经常有抑郁和焦虑症的报道。作者的临床观察表明,情绪不稳也可能是一个值得注意的症状。因此,在连续的系统性红斑狼疮门诊患者系列中,作者测量了抑郁,焦虑和情绪不稳。此外,基于将情绪反应和短暂的情绪变化与早期注意过程中的变化联系起来的报道,作者调查了对听觉刺激(N1,MMN,P3a和P3b)的注意力和早期定向反应的事件相关潜在指数。作者观察到32名系统性红斑狼疮参与者中有15名具有较高的不稳定性得分,并且通过比较高和低不稳定性亚组之间与事件相关的潜在测度,注意到情绪不稳定性较高的人群在N1和MMN范式中表现出降低的反应潜伏期。
  • 【调查创伤和疼痛灾难性之间的关系:情绪处理和自我能力改变的作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.031 复制DOI
    作者列表:Horsham S,Chung MC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study aimed to investigate the interrelationship between posttraumatic stress, emotional processing difficulties, altered self-capacity, and pain catastrophising. A cross-sectional design gathered data from 249 participants completing an internet based survey. Respondents completed: The Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale; Emotional Processing Scale (EPS), the Inventory of Altered Self-Capacities (IASC), General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS). Respondents were allocated to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no-PTSD (depending on whether they met the screening criteria of PTSD using the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale), and control group. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis confirmed the hypotheses: PTSD was significantly associated with pain catastrophising and poor psychological well-being. PTSD was significantly correlated with altered self-capacity which was in turn significantly associated with emotional processing difficulties. Emotional processing was significantly associated with pain catastrophising and poor psychological well-being whilst poor psychological well-being was associated with pain catastrophising. Emotional processing difficulties mediated the association between altered self-capacity and pain catastrophising and poor psychological well-being. To conclude, people's psychological well-being and perceptions of pain are closely related to PTSD severity from past traumas as well as self-capacities. Furthermore, the way in which they process their emotions also has an important role to play.
    背景与目标: :这项研究旨在研究创伤后压力,情绪处理困难,自我能力改变和痛苦灾难之间的相互关系。一项横断面设计收集了249位参与者的数据,完成了基于互联网的调查。完成的调查对象:创伤后压力诊断量表;情绪处理量表(EPS),自我能力改变量表(IASC),一般健康问卷28(GHQ-28)和疼痛灾难性量表(PCS)。受访者被分为创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),无创伤后应激障碍(取决于他们是否符合创伤后应激诊断量表对创伤后应激障碍的筛查标准)和对照组。偏最小二乘(PLS)分析证实了以下假设:PTSD与疼痛灾难性疾病和不良的心理健康状况显着相关。创伤后应激障碍与自我能力的改变显着相关,而自我能力的改变又与情绪处理的困难显着相关。情绪加工与疼痛灾难性和心理健康状况显着相关,而心理健康状况差与疼痛性灾难症相关。情绪处理困难介导了自我能力的改变和痛苦的灾难性变化以及心理健康状况的下降之间的联系。总而言之,人们的心理健康状况和对疼痛的感知与过去创伤和自我能力导致的PTSD严重程度密切相关。此外,他们处理情感的方式也起着重要作用。
  • 【家庭边界结构和儿童适应:情感反应的间接作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037/a0030444 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lindahl KM,Bregman HR,Malik NM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Structural and system theories propose that disruptions in family subsystem functioning increase risk for youth maladjustment. While there is growing evidence to support this proposition, studies that specifically focus on the larger family system remain relatively rare. Furthermore, the pathways that connect problems in family subsystem alliances to externalizing or internalizing problems in youth are as yet largely unexplored. This study examined youth emotional reactivity (anger and sadness) to family conflict as an indirect pathway of the association between family boundary disturbances and youth adjustment in a sample of two-parent families (N = 270). Observational coding was used to group families into Balanced, Dyadic, or Disengaged family alliance structures and to assess youth emotional reactivity, and parent-report was used to assess youth psychopathology. Structural equation modeling indicated both anger and sadness served as indirect pathways through which family boundary disturbances are linked with youth adjustment. In addition, gender was tested as a moderator and important gender differences were found. Specifically, boys were directly impacted by dyadic disturbances while girls were directly impacted by family disengagement. The findings help target goals for intervention and indicate that worthwhile objectives may include realigning family subsystem boundaries, changing family communication patterns, and improving affective coping skills for youth.
    背景与目标: :结构和系统理论提出,家庭子系统功能的破坏会增加青少年适应不良的风险。尽管有越来越多的证据支持这一主张,但专门针对更大家庭体系的研究仍然相对较少。此外,将家庭子系统联盟中的问题与年轻人的内在或内在问题联系起来的途径尚未得到充分探索。这项研究在两个父母家庭的样本中(N = 270),研究了青少年对家庭冲突的情感反应(愤怒和悲伤),这是家庭边界干扰与青少年适应之间的间接途径。观察性编码用于将家庭分为平衡的,双亲的或脱离接触的家庭联盟结构,并评估青少年的情感反应,而父母报告则用于评估青少年的心理病理学。结构方程模型表明,愤怒和悲伤是间接的途径,家庭边界的干扰通过这些途径与青少年的适应联系在一起。此外,还对性别作为主持人进行了测试,发现了重要的性别差异。具体而言,男孩受到二元骚扰的直接影响,而女孩则受到家庭脱离的直接影响。这些发现有助于确定干预目标,并指出有价值的目标可能包括重新调整家庭子系统界限,改变家庭沟通方式以及提高青年人的情感应对能力。
  • 【病态肥胖的饮食方式:节制饮食,而不是情感饮食和外在饮食,可以预测饮食行为。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/08870446.2012.760033 复制DOI
    作者列表:Brogan A,Hevey D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:The research explored (1) the relationships between self-reported eating style (restraint, emotional and external eating) and dietary intake and (2) emotional eater status as a moderator of food intake when emotional, in a morbidly obese population. DESIGN:A sample of 57 obese participants (BMI: M = 51.84, SD = 8.66) completed a five-day food diary together with a reflective diary, which assessed eating style and positive and negative affect daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:A dietician-scored food pyramid analysis of intake. RESULTS:Restraint eating was the only predictor (negative) of overall food intake and the variable most strongly associated with the consumption of top-shelf foods. Emotional and external eating were unrelated to food intake. Emotional eater status did not moderate food intake in response to positive and negative mood states. CONCLUSION:The findings indicated largely analogous relationships between eating style and dietary intake in this obese sample compared with previous results from healthy populations. The lack of predictive validity for emotional eating scales (when emotional) raises questions over people's ability to adequately assess their eating style and consequently, the overall validity of emotional eater scales.
    背景与目标: 目的:该研究探讨了(1)病态肥胖人群自我报告的饮食方式(节制,情绪和外在饮食)与饮食摄入之间的关系,以及(2)情绪进食者在情绪激动时作为食物摄入调节剂的状态。
    设计:从57名肥胖参与者(BMI:M = 51.84,SD = 8.66)样本中完成了为期五天的饮食日记以及反思日记,该日记评估了饮食风格以及每天的正面和负面影响。
    主要观察指标:营养学家对食物摄入量的金字塔分析。
    结果:限制进食是总食物摄入量的唯一预测因素(阴性),并且与上层食物的消费关系最密切。情绪和外在饮食与食物摄入无关。情绪饮食者的状态不能适度地应对积极和消极的情绪状态。
    结论:研究结果表明,与健康人群先前的研究结果相比,该肥胖样本的饮食习惯和饮食摄入之间存在相似的关系。情感饮食量表(当情绪高时)缺乏预测效度,这引发了人们对人们充分评估其饮食风格的能力的质疑,因此,人们对情感饮食量表的总体效度提出了质疑。
  • 【加压素调节右杏仁核中与情绪刺激有关的神经反应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Brunnlieb C,Münte TF,Tempelmann C,Heldmann M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The neuropeptide vasopressin has been shown to modulate social and affective processes. Using fMRI we investigated the influence of intranasal vasopressin (AVP) on neural activations related to social cognitions and emotion processing in a group of healthy young men. In a double-blind, placebo controlled between groups design, 20 IU AVP were administered intranasally to half of the participants before scanning, while the other half received saline intranasally. All participants viewed line drawings depicting either one or two persons (social factor) in an emotionally neutral or negative scene (emotional factor). Vasopressin modulated the activation of the right amygdala related to the emotional component of empathy. Moreover, vasopressin also increased connectivity of the right amygdala with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the inferior parietal lobule during the processing of pictures illustrating a socially threatening scene. This suggests that AVP reduces suppressive effects of the mPFC on amygdala activity resulting in the observed enhanced neural pattern in the amygdala. At present, it remains unclear whether the increased amygdala activity reflects a direct impact of AVP on vasopressin V1 receptors in the amygdala or an indirect effect via vasopressin V1 receptors in the mPFC or other remote brain sites.
    背景与目标: :神经肽加压素已被证明可调节社交和情感过程。使用功能磁共振成像,我们调查了一组健康的年轻人中鼻内加压素(AVP)对与社会认知和情绪加工有关的神经激活的影响。在双盲,安慰剂对照组之间进行分组设计,在扫描前对一半的受试者鼻内给予20 IU AVP,而另一半则鼻内给予生理盐水。所有参与者都观看了描绘在情感中性或消极场景(情感因素)中一个或两个人(社会因素)的线条图。加压素调节与共情的情感成分有关的右杏仁核的激活。此外,加压素还可以在处理具有社会威胁性场景的图像处理过程中增加右侧杏仁核与内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)和顶下小叶的连通性。这表明AVP降低了mPFC对杏仁核活性的抑制作用,导致杏仁核中观察到的神经模式增强。目前,尚不清楚增加的杏仁核活性是否反映了AVP对杏仁核中血管加压素V1受体的直接影响,还是通过mPFC或其他远端大脑部位的血管加压素V1受体的间接作用。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录