Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They have represented a paradigm of molecular-targeted therapies for solid tumors since the discovery of KIT mutations and KIT expression in GIST in 1998, which opened the way to the use of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor able to inhibit the growth of cells expressing KIT-mutant isoforms. Since then, accumulating evidence revealed the rather heterogeneous nature of GIST, implying possible different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for each specific case, leading to the development of drugs alternative to imatinib. In this brief commentary, we graphically represent the historical growing of genotype and phenotype evidence on GIST since 1998 in its increasing complexity by building up a graph, which we have called "GISTogram", that visually conveys most of GIST-characterizing features and the probability for each of them, either alone or in combination, to be observed in a single GIST case.

译文

胃肠道间质瘤 (gist) 是胃肠道最常见的间叶性肿瘤。自从在GIST 1998年中发现KIT突变和KIT表达以来,它们代表了实体瘤分子靶向疗法的范例,这为使用伊马替尼开辟了道路,伊马替尼是一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,能够抑制表达KIT的细胞的生长-突变体同工型。从那时起,越来越多的证据揭示了GIST的异质性,这意味着每种特定病例可能采用不同的诊断和治疗方法,从而导致了替代伊马替尼的药物的开发。在这个简短的评论中,我们通过建立一个我们称为 “GISTogram” 的图形,以图形方式表示GIST 1998年的基因型和表型证据的历史增长,该图形在视觉上传达了大多数GIST特征特征以及每个特征的概率,无论是单独还是组合,在单一的要点情况下观察。

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