• 【使用FACS与通讯评分来衡量脑部受损患者的情绪自发性面部表情:对Mammucari等人的回复。 (1988)。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80357-7 复制DOI
    作者列表:Buck R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Buck and Duffy (1980) and Borod et al. (1985) found evidence of deficits in spontaneous expressiveness in right brain-damaged (RBD) patients relative to LBD patients and controls. Using FACS, Mammucari et al. (1988) failed to replicate this result and questioned our methods and findings. This paper replies (a) that Mammucari et al. (1988)'s review of our work is selective and misleading; (b) that there are aspects of their study that can account for their null results, including the insufficient sensitivity of FACS for the measurement of spontaneous expressiveness; and (c) that the results of Mammucari et al. (1988) regarding "aversive eye movements" to a negative film in LBD and control, but not RBD, patients are in fact compatible with our findings. This paper also suggests a general strategy for the objective and comprehensive analysis of spontaneous emotional expressiveness.
    背景与目标: :Buck and Duffy(1980)和Borod等。 (1985年)发现相对于LBD患者和对照组,右脑损伤(RBD)患者自发性表达缺乏的证据。 Mammucari等人使用FACS。 (1988)未能复制这个结果,并质疑我们的方法和发现。本文答复(a)Mammucari等。 (1988)对我们工作的评论是有选择性和误导性的; (b)他们研究的某些方面可以解释其无效的结果,包括FACS对自发表达能力的敏感性不足; (c)Mammucari等人的结果。 (1988年)关于LBD和对照组中负片的“平均眼球运动”,而不是RBD,患者实际上与我们的发现相符。本文还提出了一种客观和全面分析自发情绪表达能力的一般策略。
  • 【作者更正:通过脸部表现出政治态度:阅读左右翼政治领导人的情感语言时的面部表情。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-58944-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fino E,Menegatti M,Avenanti A,Rubini M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
    背景与目标: :已经发布了对本文的修订,可以通过本文顶部的链接进行访问。
  • 【边缘型人格障碍情绪识别过程中的面部反应:面部肌电图研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000351122 复制DOI
    作者列表:Matzke B,Herpertz SC,Berger C,Fleischer M,Domes G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Previous studies have suggested increased sensitivity for emotional facial expressions and subtle impairments in emotion recognition from facial expressions in borderline personality disorder (BPD). It has been proposed that facial mimicry contributes to emotion recognition of and emotional response to facial expressions. This study investigated whether BPD patients differ in facial reactions, emotion recognition and their subjective emotional response to faces showing different emotional expressions. METHOD:Twenty-eight female BPD patients and 28 healthy controls underwent a facial recognition task with dynamic facial pictures while facial muscle activity (occipitofrontalis, corrugator supercilii, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major and orbicularis oculi) was recorded. Furthermore, participants rated the emotional intensity of the presented faces and the intensity of their subjective feeling of this emotion. RESULTS:Compared to controls, BPD patients showed enhanced responses of the corrugator supercilii muscle in response to angry, sad and disgusted facial expressions, and attenuated responses of the levator labii superioris in response to happy and surprised faces. There were no overall group differences regarding emotion recognition performance or intensity ratings. CONCLUSION:These results do not support the view that facial recognition in BPD is impaired or that there is a general hypersensitivity to the emotional state of others. Instead, they suggest a negativity bias in BPD, expressed by reduced facial responding to positive social signals and increased facial responding to negative social signals. This is a pattern of facial reactions that might contribute to the difficulties in social interactions frequently reported by patients with this disorder.
    背景与目标: 背景:先前的研究表明,边缘性人格障碍(BPD)中面部表情对情绪面部表情的敏感性增加,并且情绪识别中的细微损害。已经提出,面部模仿有助于面部表情的情绪识别和情绪响应。这项研究调查了BPD患者在面部反应,情绪识别以及他们对表现出不同情绪表达的面孔的主观情绪反应方面是否存在差异。
    方法:对28名女性BPD患者和28名健康对照进行动态面部图像的面部识别任务,同时记录面部肌肉活动(枕额肌,皱rug,上睑提肌,肌和球菌)。此外,参与者对所呈现的面孔的情绪强度以及他们对这种情绪的主观感觉的强度进行了评估。
    结果:与对照组相比,BPD患者表现出对愤怒,悲伤和厌恶的面部表情的反应,使上睑皱纹肌的反应增强,而对高兴和惊讶的面孔的上睑提肌的反应减弱。关于情绪识别性能或强度等级,总体上没有群体差异。
    结论:这些结果不支持以下观点:BPD中的面部识别受损或对他人的情绪状态普遍过敏。相反,他们提出了BPD的消极偏见,表现为面部对积极的社会信号的反应减少,面部对消极的社会信号的反应增加。这是面部反应的一种模式,可能导致这种疾病患者经常报告的社交互动困难。
  • 【缺乏厌恶情绪值得恐惧吗?正常人双相情感障碍患者的功能性磁共振成像面部情绪识别研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00485.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Malhi GS,Lagopoulos J,Sachdev PS,Ivanovski B,Shnier R,Ketter T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To determine the neural responses invoked in the recognition of facial fear and disgust in euthymic bipolar patients as compared with healthy subjects. METHODS:This study examined 10 female euthymic bipolar patients, and 10 suitably matched healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects were engaged in an explicit facial emotion recognition task involving fear, disgust and neutral expressions. The activation paradigm involved nominating the facial expression using specified response keys. Behavioural data were collected and analysed and both within-group (Fear versus Neutral; Disgust versus Neutral) and random-effects between-group analyses were performed on fMRI data using BrainVoyager (Brain Innovations, Maastricht, the Netherlands). RESULTS:Patients were equally accurate in identifying facial expressions as healthy subjects but were slower to respond, especially with respect to fear and disgust. Responses to fear and disgust (within-group analyses) resulted in activation of anticipated brain regions such as amygdala and insula, respectively. However, between-group random effects analysis revealed differential responses to both disgust and fear in both healthy subjects and euthymic bipolar patients such that euthymic bipolar patients responded largely to fear and healthy subjects responded more so to disgust. This partitioning of responsiveness was reflected by differential activation involving the hippocampus and amygdala. CONCLUSIONS:Greater responsiveness to fear with hippocampal activation in patients perhaps reflects recollection of traumatic events associated with past experiences of illness or simply the use of a more mnemonic (hippocampal) as opposed to affective (amygdala) approach when performing the task. It is possible that in bipolar disorder, prefrontal-subcortical network dysfunction that relegates neural processing to limbic regions is impaired and that clinically euthymic bipolar patients, although able to accurately and effectively identify emotions such as fear and disgust, are limited in their ability to interpret their salience. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    背景与目标: 目的:确定与健康受试者相比,在正常人双相情感障碍患者中识别面部恐惧和厌恶时所引起的神经反应。
    方法:本研究使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)检查了10名女性常态性双相情感障碍患者和10名适当匹配的健康受试者,而受试者则参与了涉及恐惧,厌恶和中性表情的明确面部情绪识别任务。激活范例涉及使用指定的响应键来提名面部表情。收集并分析行为数据,并使用BrainVoyager(Brain Innovations,马斯特里赫特,荷兰)对fMRI数据进行组内(恐惧与中性;厌恶与中性)和组间随机影响分析。
    结果:患者在识别面部表情方面与健康受试者一样准确,但反应较慢,尤其是在恐惧和厌恶方面。对恐惧和厌恶的反应(组内分析)分别激活了预期的大脑区域,如杏仁核和岛状脑岛。但是,组间随机效应分析显示,健康受试者和正常人双相情感障碍患者对厌恶和恐惧的反应不同,因此,正常人双相情感障碍患者对恐惧的反应很大,而健康受试者对厌恶的反应则更大。反应的这种划分通过涉及海马和杏仁核的差异激活来反映。
    结论:患者对海马激活后恐惧的反应性增强,可能反映出与过去疾病经历相关的创伤事件的回忆,或者在执行任务时仅使用记忆法(海马法)而不是情感法(扁桃体法)。在双相情感障碍中,将神经处理降级到边缘区域的额叶前皮质下网络功能障碍可能会受到损害,尽管临床上有幸福感的双相情感障碍患者虽然能够准确有效地识别出恐惧和厌恶之类的情绪,但其解释能力却受到限制。他们的显着性。讨论了这些发现的含义。
  • 【神经病理学中情绪调节的神经相关性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Taylor SF,Liberzon I
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :What can psychopathology and its treatment tell us about cognitive emotional interactions? Standard approaches to interactions between emotion and cognition often adopt a variant of the idea that cognitive processes, subserved by dorsal and lateral cortical circuits, exert control and regulation of ventral, limbic brain areas associated with emotional expression and experience. However, it is becoming clear from studies on depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), that a binary, opponent theory of cognitive emotion interaction (CEI) and the dorsal-ventral model of neurocircuitry do not fully describe the data. We summarize recent research to suggest that networks of direct and indirect pathways exist by which cognition can regulate pathological emotion, and the inter-relationships of specific nodes within the networks need to be characterized.
    背景与目标: :心理病理学及其治疗方法可以告诉我们有关认知情感互动的信息吗?情绪与认知之间相互作用的标准方法通常采用以下观念的变体,即认知过程(由背侧和外侧皮质回路支持)对与情绪表达和体验相关的腹侧,边缘脑区施加控制和调节。然而,从对抑郁症,创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和强迫症(OCD)的研究中可以明显看出,认知情感互动(CEI)的二元对立理论和神经回路的背腹模型并没有充分描述数据。我们总结了最近的研究,以表明存在直接和间接途径的网络,通过该网络认知可以调节病理情感,并且需要对网络中特定节点的相互关系进行表征。
  • 【神经反馈后改善情绪调节:边缘性人格障碍患者的单臂试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102032 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zaehringer J,Ende G,Santangelo P,Kleindienst N,Ruf M,Bertsch K,Bohus M,Schmahl C,Paret C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback training of amygdala hemodynamic activity directly targets a neurobiological mechanism, which contributes to emotion regulation problems in borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, it remains unknown which outcome measures can assess changes in emotion regulation and affective instability, associated with amygdala downregulation in a clinical trial. The current study directly addresses this question. Twenty-four female patients with a DSM-IV BPD diagnosis underwent four runs of amygdala neurofeedback. Before and after the training, as well as at a six-weeks follow-up assessment, participants completed measures of emotion dysregulation and affective instability at diverse levels of analysis (verbal report, clinical interview, ecological momentary assessment, emotion-modulated startle, heart rate variability, and fMRI). Participants were able to downregulate their amygdala blood oxygen-dependent (BOLD) response with neurofeedback. There was a decrease of BPD symptoms as assessed with the Zanarini rating scale for BPD (ZAN-BPD) and a decrease in emotion-modulated startle to negative pictures after training. Further explorative analyses suggest that patients indicated less affective instability, as seen by lower hour-to-hour variability in negative affect and inner tension in daily life. If replicated by an independent study, our results imply changes in emotion regulation and affective instability for several systems levels, including behavior and verbal report. Conclusions are limited due to the lack of a control group. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be needed to confirm effectiveness of the training.
    背景与目标: :杏仁核血液动力学活动的实时功能磁共振成像(fMRI)神经反馈训练直接针对一种神经生物学机制,这会导致边缘性人格障碍(BPD)的情绪调节问题。然而,在临床试验中,哪些结果指标可以评估情绪调节和情感不稳定性的变化,与杏仁核下调相关,仍是未知的。当前的研究直接解决了这个问题。 24名诊断为DSM-IV BPD的女性患者接受了四次杏仁核神经反馈。培训前后,以及为期六周的随访评估中,参与者在各种分析水平(言语报告,临床访谈,生态瞬时评估,情绪调节的惊吓,心脏)中完成了情绪失调和情感不稳定性的测量率变异性和fMRI)。参与者能够通过神经反馈下调杏仁核血氧依赖性(BOLD)反应。用Zanarini BPD评分量表(ZAN-BPD)评估,BPD症状减少,而训练后的情绪调节惊吓至阴性图片则减少。进一步的探索性分析表明,患者的情绪不稳定程度较小,从负面影响和日常生活中内在紧张的每小时变化中可以看出。如果通过独立研究进行复制,我们的结果表明在几个系统级别(包括行为和口头报告)上,情绪调节和情感不稳定性都会发生变化。由于缺乏对照组,结论有限。需要进行随机对照试验(RCT)以确认培训的有效性。
  • 【情绪和工作记忆负荷对枕骨外侧复合体视觉激活的独立影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3310-06.2007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gläscher J,Rose M,Büchel C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Emotional salience and working memory (WM) load are known to affect object processing in the ventral stream. However, the combined effect, which could be either synergistic or antagonistic, remains unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a three-factorial design, we investigated the effects of WM load and emotional salience on object processing in the ventral visual stream. Twenty-three female subjects were shown blocks of task-irrelevant and more or less degraded visual stimuli that varied in emotional valence (negative or neutral) and phase coherence rendering them more or less noisy. Superimposed on these pictures, subjects saw colored squares on which they had to perform a demanding WM task (one-back, two-back). This WM task absorbs attentional resources normally available for the perceptual analysis of visual objects and can therefore be interpreted as a manipulation of attention. We hypothesized that attenuated processing resources in the lateral occipital complex (LOC) for these task-irrelevant pictures under high WM load (Rose et al., 2005) could be regained when they were of negative emotional valence. Our results indicate that both emotional salience and WM load critically depend on a minimum level of phase coherence of the stimuli to affect LOC activation. Furthermore, the influences of emotional salience and WM load do not interact with each other in LOC. Rather, emotional salience exerts a general multiplicative gain effect while preserving the difference in activation between low and high WM load. A connectivity analysis suggests that the emotional modulation might originate in the amygdalo-hippocampal junction.
    背景与目标: :众所周知,情感显着性和工作记忆(WM)负荷会影响腹侧流中的对象处理。然而,尚不清楚协同作用是协同作用还是拮抗作用。使用功能磁共振成像和三因素设计,我们研究了腹侧视觉流中WM负荷和情绪显着性对物体处理的影响。向二十三名女性受试者展示了与任务无关且或多或少退化的视觉刺激块,这些情绪刺激的情绪价(负性或中性)和相干性各不相同,从而或多或少地产生了噪音。在这些图片上,受试者看到彩色的正方形,他们必须在上面执行苛刻的WM任务(单向,两向)。此WM任务吸收了通常可用于视觉对象感知分析的注意力资源,因此可以解释为注意力的操纵。我们假设在高WM负荷下,这些与任务无关的图片在枕骨外侧复合体(LOC)中减弱的处理资源(Rose等,2005)可以恢复为负情绪价。我们的结果表明,情绪显着性和WM负荷都主要取决于刺激的最小相干水平,以影响LOC激活。此外,在LOC中,情绪显着性和WM负荷的影响不会相互影响。而是,情感显着性在保持低WM负载和高WM负载之间的激活差异的同时,发挥了普遍的乘法增益效果。连通性分析表明,情绪调节可能起源于杏仁核-海马体交界处。
  • 【正面和负面情绪的不对称性:半球还是刺激作用?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80031-7 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bryson SE,McLaren J,Wadden NP,MacLean M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Two experiments were carried out to determine whether expressive asymmetries in facial stimuli might underlie evidence of differential hemispheric responses to positive and negative emotion. Experiment 1 systematically varied stimulus orientation; Experiment 2 included both normally oriented and reversed (mirror-image) faces. We replicated previous reports of a left field advantage for happy faces and a right field superiority for sad faces only when normally oriented faces were used. Mirror-image stimuli tended to produce the opposite pattern of results, and a combination of the two (Exp. 2) eliminated the visual field differences for each emotion. The findings underscore the importance of controlling for stimulus asymmetries in visual laterality studies, and are discussed in terms of current notions about the lateralization of both the perception and expression of emotion.
    背景与目标: :进行了两个实验,以确定面部刺激中的表达不对称是否可能是半球对正面和负面情绪反应不同的证据。实验1系统地改变了刺激的方向;实验2包括法向和反面(镜面)。我们只复制了以前的报告,即只有使用正常朝向的面孔时,笑脸才能获得左视野优势,而悲伤面孔则具有出右视野优势。镜像刺激往往会产生相反的结果模式,两者的结合(实验2)消除了每种情感的视野差异。这些发现强调了在视觉偏侧性研究中控制刺激不对称的重要性,并根据有关情感的感知和表达的偏侧性的当前观念进行了讨论。
  • 【拓宽我们对非自杀性自我伤害与自杀企图之间关系的理解:情绪调节自我效能和获得性自杀能力的作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/jclp.22950 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gratz KL,Spitzen TL,Tull MT
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Although past literature has emphasized the role of acquired capability in the relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts, support for the indirect relationship of NSSI to suicide attempts through acquired capability is limited. Thus, research examining other factors that may underlie this relationship is needed. Across two studies, this research examined the indirect relationships of NSSI frequency to suicide attempts through both acquired capability and emotion regulation self-efficacy (ERSE). METHOD:Two large samples of adults (one nationwide community sample and one clinical sample of patients with substance use disorders) completed questionnaires and/or interviews. RESULTS:Results revealed significant indirect relationships of NSSI frequency to lifetime suicide attempts through ERSE, but not acquired capability, within both samples. CONCLUSIONS:Results highlight the relevance of ERSE to both suicide attempts and the NSSI-suicide attempt relationship, and suggest the potential utility of interventions aimed at increasing ERSE among individuals with repeated NSSI.
    背景与目标: 目的:尽管过去的文献已经强调了获得性能力在非自杀性自我伤害(NSSI)和自杀未遂之间的关系中的作用,但通过获取性能力对NSSI与自杀未遂之间的间接关系的支持有限。因此,需要研究可能是这种关系基础的其他因素的研究。在两项研究中,这项研究通过获得性能力和情绪调节自我效能(ERSE)检验了NSSI频率与自杀企图之间的间接关系。
    方法:完成两个大样本成年人(一个全国范围的社区样本和一个患有药物滥用障碍患者的临床样本)的问卷调查和/或访谈。
    结果:结果显示,在两个样本中,NSSI频率与通过ERSE进行的终生自杀尝试之间存在显着的间接关系,但与获得的能力无关。
    结论:结果突出了ERSE与自杀未遂和NSSI-自杀未遂关系的相关性,并暗示了旨在增加反复NSSI的个体中ERSE的干预措施的潜在实用性。
  • 【双相情感障碍:从神经网络角度分析情绪和动机障碍。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3233/RNN-139007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wessa M,Kanske P,Linke J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic disease with a heritability of 60-80%. BD is frequently misdiagnosed due to phenomenological overlap with other psychopathologies, an important issue that calls for the identification of biological and psychological vulnerability and disease markers. Altered structural and functional connectivity, mainly between limbic and prefrontal brain areas, have been proposed to underlie emotional and motivational dysregulation in BD and might represent relevant vulnerability and disease markers. In the present laboratory review we discuss functional and structural neuroimaging findings on emotional and motivational dysregulation from our research group in BD patients and healthy individuals at risk to develop BD. As a main result of our studies, we observed altered orbitofrontal and limbic activity and reduced connectivity between dorsal prefrontal and limbic brain regions, as well as reduced integrity of fiber tracts connecting prefrontal and subcortical brain structures in BD patients and high-risk individuals. Our results provide novel insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder. The current laboratory review provides a specific view of our group on altered brain connectivity and underlying psychological processes in bipolar disorder based on our own work, integrating relevant findings from others. Thereby we attempt to advance neuropsychobiological models of BD.
    背景与目标: 双相情感障碍(BD)是一种严重的慢性疾病,遗传力为60-80%。 BD由于与其他精神病理学的现象学重叠而经常被误诊,这是一个重要的问题,需要识别生物学和心理上的脆弱性以及疾病标志物。已经提出,主要在边缘和额叶前脑区域之间的结构和功能连接性改变是BD情绪和动机失调的基础,可能代表相关的脆弱性和疾病标志。在本实验室综述中,我们讨论了来自研究组的BD患者和有发展BD风险的健康个体在情绪和动机失调方面的功能和结构性神经影像学发现。作为我们研究的主要结果,我们观察到BD患者和高危个体的眶额和边缘活动改变,背侧额叶和边缘大脑区域之间的连通性降低,以及连接额叶和皮层下大脑结构的纤维束完整性降低。我们的结果为双相情感障碍的病理生理机制提供了新颖的见解。当前的实验室综述基于我们自己的工作,结合了其他人的相关发现,对我们的小组针对双相情感障碍的大脑连接性改变和潜在的心理过程提供了具体的见解。因此,我们尝试发展BD的神经心理生物学模型。
  • 【运动提示调节电影中对情感的反应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-29111-4 复制DOI
    作者列表:Dayan E,Barliya A,de Gelder B,Hendler T,Malach R,Flash T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Film theorists and practitioners suggest that motion can be manipulated in movie scenes to elicit emotional responses in viewers. However, our understanding of the role of motion in emotion perception remains limited. On the one hand, movies continuously depict local motion- movements of objects and humans, which are crucial for generating emotional responses. Movie scenes also frequently portray global motion, mainly induced by large camera movements, global motion being yet another source of information used by the brain during natural vision. Here we used functional MRI to elucidate the contributions of local and global motion to emotion perception during movie viewing. Subjects observed long (1 min) movie segments depicting emotional or neutral content. Brain activity in areas that showed preferential responses to emotional content was strongly linked over time with frame-wide variations in global motion, and to a lesser extent with local motion information. Similarly, stronger responses to emotional content were recorded within regions of interest whose activity was attuned to global and local motion over time. Since global motion fields are experienced during self-motion, we suggest that camera movements may induce illusory self-motion cues in viewers that interact with the movie's narrative and with other emotional cues in generating affective responses.
    背景与目标: 电影理论家和从业者建议,可以在电影场景中操纵运动,以引起观众的情感反应。但是,我们对运动在情绪感知中的作用的理解仍然有限。一方面,电影不断描绘物体和人类的局部运动,这对于产生情感反应至关重要。电影场景还经常刻画全局运动,这主要是由大型相机运动引起的,全局运动是自然视觉期间大脑使用的另一种信息来源。在这里,我们使用功能性MRI来阐明电影观看过程中局部和全局运动对情绪感知的贡献。受试者观察到长(1分钟)的电影片段,描绘出情感或中立的内容。随着时间的流逝,对情感内容表现出优先响应的区域的大脑活动与全帧运动的全帧变化密切相关,而与局部运动信息的影响程度较小。类似地,在感兴趣的区域内记录了对情感内容的更强响应,这些区域的活动随着时间的推移逐渐适应了全局和局部运动。由于在自运动过程中会经历全局运动场,因此我们建议相机运动可能会在观众中产生虚幻的自运动线索,这些观众与电影的叙事以及其他情感线索相互作用,从而产生情感反应。
  • 【增强聋人的音乐情感的触觉识别。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00221-020-05789-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sharp A,Bacon BA,Champoux F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that following deafness, auditory regions can respond to tactile stimuli. However, research to date has not conclusively demonstrated the behavioral correlates of these functional changes, with most studies showing normal-like tactile capabilities in the deaf. It has recently been suggested that more cognitive and complex tactile processes, such as music perception, could help to uncover superior tactile capabilities in the deaf. Indeed, following deafness music seems to be perceived through vibration, but the extent to which they can perceive musical features though the tactile modality remains undetermined. The goal of this study was to investigate tactile identification of musical emotion in the deaf. Participants had to rate melodies based on their emotional perception. Stimuli were presented through an haptic glove. Data suggest that deaf and control participants were comparable in the identification of three of the four emotions tested (sad, fear/threat, peacefulness). However and most importantly, for the simplest emotion (happiness), significant differences emerged between groups, suggesting an improved tactile identification of musical emotion in the deaf. Results support the hypothesis that brain plasticity following deafness can lead to improved complex tactile ability.
    背景与目标: 功能神经影像学研究表明,耳聋后,听觉区域可对触觉刺激作出反应。然而,迄今为止的研究尚未最终证明这些功能改变的行为相关性,大多数研究表明聋人具有正常的触觉能力。最近有人提出,更多的认知和复杂的触觉过程,例如音乐感知,可以帮助发现聋人的卓越触觉能力。的确,听觉上耳聋的音乐似乎是通过振动来感知的,但是尽管触觉模态仍未确定,但是他们可以感知音乐特征的程度。这项研究的目的是调查聋人音乐情感的触觉识别。参加者必须根据自己的情感感知来评价旋律。通过触觉手套呈现刺激。数据表明,在测试的四种情绪(悲伤,恐惧/威胁,安宁)中,三种与聋人和对照组的参与者具有可比性。但是,最重要的是,对于最简单的情感(幸福),各组之间出现了显着差异,这表明聋人中音乐情感的触觉识别得到了改善。结果支持以下假设:耳聋后大脑可塑性可导致复杂的触觉能力提高。
  • 【神经性厌食症患者情绪和食物渴望调节的临床和神经生理相关性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3390/jcm9040960 复制DOI
    作者列表:
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Difficulties in emotion regulation and craving regulation have been linked to eating symptomatology in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), contributing to the maintenance of their eating disorder. METHODS:To investigate clinical and electrophysiological correlates of these processes, 20 patients with AN and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a computerized task during EEG recording, where they were instructed to down-regulate negative emotions or food craving. Participants also completed self-report measures of emotional regulation and food addiction. The P300 and Late Positive Potential (LPP) ERPs were analysed. RESULTS:LPP amplitudes were significantly smaller during down-regulation of food craving among both groups. Independent of task condition, individuals with AN showed smaller P300 amplitudes compared to HC. Among HC, the self-reported use of re-appraisal strategies positively correlated with LPP amplitudes during emotional regulation task, while suppressive strategies negatively correlated with LPP amplitudes. The AN group, in comparison to the HC group, exhibited greater food addiction, greater use of maladaptive strategies, and emotional dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS:Despite the enhanced self-reported psychopathology among AN, both groups indicated neurophysiological evidence of food craving regulation as evidenced by blunted LPP amplitudes in the relevant task condition. Further research is required to delineate the mechanisms associated with reduced overall P300 amplitudes among individuals with AN.
    背景与目标: 背景:情绪调节和渴望调节的困难与神经性厌食症(AN)患者的饮食症状有关,有助于维持其饮食失调。
    方法:为调查这些过程的临床和电生理相关性,在脑电图记录期间,有20位AN患者和20位健康对照(HC)完成了计算机化任务,并指示他们下调负面情绪或对食物的渴望。参与者还完成了情绪调节和食物成瘾的自我报告措施。分析了P300和后期正电位(LPP)ERP。
    结果:两组间食物渴望的下调过程中,LPP幅度均显着较小。与任务条件无关,与HC相比,AN患者的P300振幅更小。在HC中,自我报告的重新评估策略的使用在情绪调节任务中与LPP幅度呈正相关,而抑制策略与LPP幅度呈负相关。与HC组相比,AN组表现出更多的食物成瘾,更多的不良适应策略和情绪失调。
    结论:尽管AN之间自我报告的精神病理学增强,但两组均显示出对食物渴望调节的神经生理学证据,在相关工作条件下LPP幅度变钝来证明。需要进一步的研究来描述与AN患者个体P300总振幅降低有关的机制。
  • 14 Emotion Perception in Hadza Hunter-Gatherers. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【Hadza Hunter-Gatherers中的情感感知。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-60257-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gendron M,Hoemann K,Crittenden AN,Mangola SM,Ruark GA,Barrett LF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :It has long been claimed that certain configurations of facial movements are universally recognized as emotional expressions because they evolved to signal emotional information in situations that posed fitness challenges for our hunting and gathering hominin ancestors. Experiments from the last decade have called this particular evolutionary hypothesis into doubt by studying emotion perception in a wider sample of small-scale societies with discovery-based research methods. We replicate these newer findings in the Hadza of Northern Tanzania; the Hadza are semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers who live in tight-knit social units and collect wild foods for a large portion of their diet, making them a particularly relevant population for testing evolutionary hypotheses about emotion. Across two studies, we found little evidence of universal emotion perception. Rather, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that people infer emotional meaning in facial movements using emotion knowledge embrained by cultural learning.
    背景与目标: :长期以来,人们一直认为面部运动的某些配置被普遍认为是情感表达,因为它们演变成在对我们的狩猎和采集人类祖先祖先造成健身挑战的情况下发出情感信息的信号。过去十年的实验通过使用基于发现的研究方法在更广泛的小规模社会样本中研究情绪感知,从而使这一特定的进化假设受到质疑。我们在坦桑尼亚北部的哈扎(Hadza)复制这些新发现。哈扎(Hadza)是半游牧的狩猎者和采集者,他们生活在紧密的社会单位中,并收集大部分食物的野生食物,这使他们成为检验情绪进化假设的特别相关的人群。在两项研究中,我们发现普遍情感感知的证据很少。相反,我们的发现与以下假设相一致:人们使用文化学习所迷惑的情感知识来推断面部运动中的情感含义。
  • 【成年癫痫患者的抑郁症状和情绪调节困难:与生活质量和耻辱的关联。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107073 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tombini M,Assenza G,Quintiliani L,Ricci L,Lanzone J,Ulivi M,Di Lazzaro V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to assess depressive symptoms (DS) and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) in adult people with epilepsy (PWE) and their correlation with quality of life and stigmatization feelings of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We enrolled consecutively 110 PWE who completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire and, for the first time, the Italian translation of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) to evaluate DS and ER. They also fulfilled the Italian version of the Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE), which allowed the quantification of the stigma perception by our cohort of patients and a 3-item Jacoby's Stigma Scale (JSS) and QOLIE-31 (Q31) for the evaluation of stigma and the quality of life. The results of BDI-II and DERS were correlated with clinical details of PWE, as well as the Q31 and SSE scores. Finally, a multiple stepwise regression analysis was applied to identify the main factors affecting DS and ER difficulties in these patients. RESULTS:About 30% of PWE evidenced DS, of which 17.3% showed a BDI-II score higher than 19, suggestive of moderate to severe DS. Several factors related to epilepsy (seizure frequency, number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)) as well as ER and quality of life/stigmatization perception resulted significantly correlated with DS. As a new finding, the main factors affecting DS in PWE turned out to be the difficulties in ER and quality of life and stigma perception (as evaluated through Q31 and JSS scores). CONCLUSIONS:Our findings evidenced that DS in PWE are highly prevalent and strongly correlated with ER difficulties that mostly influence DS together with quality of life and stigma perception. Depressive symptoms and emotion dysregulation are linked by a bidirectional relationship and are significantly associated with worse quality of life and higher stigmatization feelings.
    背景与目标: 目的:本研究的目的是评估成人癫痫病患者(PWE)的抑郁症状(DS)和情绪调节困难(ER)及其与患者生活质量和耻辱感的相关性。
    材料与方法:我们连续招募了110名PWE,他们完成了贝克抑郁量表II(BDI-II)问卷调查,并首次用意大利语翻译了《情绪调节量表的难点》(DERS)以评估DS和ER。他们还满足了意大利语版本的癫痫柱头量表(SSE),该标准允许我们的患者队列对柱头知觉的量化,并使用3个项目的Jacoby柱头量表(JSS)和QOLIE-31(Q31)进行评估。的污名和生活质量。 BDI-II和DERS的结果与PWE的临床细节以及Q31和SSE得分相关。最后,应用多元逐步回归分析来确定影响这些患者DS和ER困难的主要因素。
    结果:约有30%的PWE证据表明DS,其中17.3%的BDI-II评分高于19,表明中度至重度DS。与癫痫有关的几个因素(癫痫发作频率,抗癫痫药物(AED)的数量)以及内质网和生活质量/耻辱感与DS有关。作为一项新发现,影响PWE中DS的主要因素原来是ER的困难以及生活质量和柱头感(通过Q31和JSS得分评估)。
    结论:我们的研究结果表明,PWE中的DS十分普遍,并且与ER困难密切相关,而ER困难主要影响DS以及生活质量和耻辱感。抑郁症状和情绪失调之间存在双向关系,并与生活质量较差和污名化感较高相关。

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