BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In a 71-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypassing using the left internal thoracic and gastroepiploic arteries, the first jejunal artery aneurysms were found by chance at 3D-CT performed to evaluate conditions of the grafts. He was successfully treated by transcatheter embolization using interlocking detachable coils. During a follow-up period of 5 months, the patient did well and had no sign of intestinal ischemia.

背景与目标： ：在一位71岁的男子中，他有使用左胸内和胃上动脉绕过冠状动脉的病史，在进行3D-CT评估移植状况时偶然发现了首例空肠动脉瘤。通过使用互锁的可拆卸线圈经导管栓塞术成功治疗了他。在5个月的随访期内，患者表现良好，没有肠道缺血的迹象。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Endosaccular coiling is recognized as a feasible method for treating unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). We retrospectively reviewed cases of UIAs treated by coiling in the Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) 3, a nationwide survey of NET between 2010 and 2014, the beginning period of intracranial stents in Japan. Data were extracted for 6844 UIAs (6619 procedures) from 40,169 registered records of all NETs in the JR-NET 3 databases. The features of the aneurysms and procedures, immediate radiographic findings, procedure-related complications, and clinical outcomes at 30 days after the procedures were assessed. Of 6844 UIAs, 81.8% were located in the anterior circulation. The mean patient age was 61.3 years (72.4% females). Compared with the preceding JR-NET 1 and 2, there were significant increases (P <0.05) in the rates of the following in JR-NET 3: wide-necked and small UIAs measuring <10 mm (from 56.4% to 58.8%), adjunctive techniques (54.8% to 71.8%), and stent usage (1.1% to 22.1%). Both pre- (85.6% to 96.7%) and post-procedural (84.0% to 94.6%) antiplatelet therapy were more frequently administered in JR-NET 3. Although procedure-related complication rates did not differ between the two groups, ischemic complication rates increased from 4.6% to 5.9%, leading to an increase in the 30-day morbidity (modified Rankin Scale >2) from 2.1% to 2.8%. In conclusion, introduction of neck-bridge stent was associated with an increase in cases of wide-necked aneurysms. However, the ischemic complication rate increased despite the greater use of periprocedural antiplatelet therapy.

背景与目标： ：囊状内盘绕术被认为是治疗未破裂颅内动脉瘤（UIA）的可行方法。我们回顾性研究了日本神经内膜血管治疗注册中心（JR-NET）3中盘绕治疗的UIA病例，JR-NET是2010年至2014年（日本颅内支架起始时期）的全国性NET调查。从JR-NET 3数据库中所有NET的40,169个注册记录中提取了6844个UIA（6619个过程）的数据。评估术后30天的动脉瘤和手术的特征，即时影像学发现，与手术相关的并发症以及临床结局。在6844个UIA中，有81.8％位于前循环中。患者平均年龄为61.3岁（女性为72.4％）。与先前的JR-NET 1和2相比，JR-NET 3中的下列比率显着增加（P <0.05）：颈宽小于10 mm的小UIA（从56.4％增至58.8％） ，辅助技术（54.8％至71.8％）和支架使用率（1.1％至22.1％）。在JR-NET 3中，抗血小板治疗前（85.6％至96.7％）和术后（84.0％至94.6％）抗血小板治疗均更频繁。尽管两组的手术相关并发症发生率无差异，但缺血性并发症发生率从4.6％增加到5.9％，导致30天发病率（Rankin量表修正为> 2）从2.1％增加到2.8％。总之，颈桥支架的引入与宽颈动脉瘤病例的增加有关。然而，尽管更多地使用了围手术期抗血小板治疗，但缺血性并发症的发生率却有所增加。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Insulinomas are rare, mostly benign neuroendocrine tumors, originating in 99% of cases from the pancreas, that synthesize and secrete insulin, causing symptomatic hypoglycemia. Today the treatment of choice is surgical removal. We present the case of an 84-year-old woman with a symptomatic insulinoma who refused surgery and was treated with arterial embolization using trisacryl gelatin microspheres as definitive treatment.

背景与目标： ：胰岛素瘤是罕见的，主要是良性神经内分泌肿瘤，起源于99％的胰腺，是由胰岛素合成和分泌的，引起症状性低血糖。今天，选择的治疗方法是手术切除。我们介绍了一个有症状的胰岛素瘤的84岁妇女的病例，该妇女拒绝手术并且接受了使用三丙烯酸酯明胶微球作为确定性治疗的动脉栓塞治疗。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Decondesation of the highly compacted chromatin architecture is essential for efficient DNA repair, but how this is achieved remains largely unknown. Here, we report that microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger protein 2 (MORC2), a newly identified ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme, is required for nucleosome destabilization after DNA damage through loosening the histone-DNA interaction. Depletion of MORC2 attenuates phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) focal formation, compromises the recruitment of DNA repair proteins, BRCA1, 53BP1, and Rad51, to sites of DNA damage, and consequently reduces cell survival following treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT). Furthermore, we demonstrate that MORC2 can form a homodimer through its C-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain, a process that is enhanced in response to CPT-induced DNA damage. Deletion of the C-terminal CC domain in MORC2 disrupts its homodimer formation and impairs its ability to destabilize histone-DNA interaction after DNA damage. Consistently, expression of dimerization-defective MORC2 mutant results in impaired the recruitment of DNA repair proteins to damaged chromatin and decreased cell survival after CPT treatment. Together, these findings uncover a new mechanism for MORC2 in modulating chromatin dynamics and DDR signaling through its c-terminal dimerization.

背景与目标： ：高度紧凑的染色质结构的去污对于有效的DNA修复是必不可少的，但是如何实现这一点仍然未知。在这里，我们报告微裂口虫家族CW型锌指蛋白2（MORC2），一种新鉴定的ATPase依赖的染色质重塑酶，是DNA损伤后通过松散组蛋白-DNA相互作用造成核小体失稳所必需的。 MORC2的耗尽会减弱磷酸化的组蛋白H2AX（γH2AX）的病灶形成，损害DNA修复蛋白，BRCA1、53BP1和Rad51募集到DNA损伤的部位，并因此在用破坏性DNA的治疗药物喜树碱（CPT）处理后降低细胞存活率）。此外，我们证明MORC2可以通过其C末端卷曲螺旋（CC）结构域形成同型二聚体，这一过程在响应CPT诱导的DNA损伤时得到了增强。 DNA损伤后，MORC2中C末端CC结构域的缺失会破坏其同二聚体的形成，并削弱其破坏组蛋白与DNA相互作用的能力。一致地，二聚化缺陷的MORC2突变体的表达导致DNA修复蛋白募集到受损的染色质上受损，并降低了CPT处理后的细胞存活率。这些发现共同揭示了MORC2通过其c端二聚化调节染色质动力学和DDR信号传导的新机制。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:We wanted to determine whether transcatheter Ethiodol-based capillary embolization in combination with carboplatin could improve the efficiency of a 1:1 Ethiodol-ethanol mixture (EEM) to ablate kidneys that been inoculated with VX-2 carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The right kidney in 34 New Zealand white rabbits were inoculated with fresh VX-2 tumor fragments. One week later, the kidneys were subjected to transarterial treatment (4-5 rabbits/group): Saline infusion (Group 1); carboplatin infusion (5 or 10 mg, Groups 2A and 2B); carboplatin-Ethiodol (CE) alone (Group 3) and followed by main renal artery occlusion with ethanol (RAO) (Group 4); carboplatin-EEM (C-EEM) followed by RAO (Group 5); carboplatin infusion followed by EEM plus RAO (Group 6); and EEM followed by RAO (Group 7). The animals were followed for up to 3-weeks. The treated kidneys were evaluated angiographically and macroscopically. The kidneys that showed successful embolization macroscopically were entirely cut into serial sections, and these were examined microscopically. Histologically, the kidneys were evaluated on the basis of the residual tumor found in the serial sections. RESULTS:The results obtained with carboplatin infusion alone (Groups 2A and 2B) and CE without RAO (Group 3) were similar to those of the control animals (Group 1). Kidneys from Groups 4-7 demonstrated macroscopically successful embolization with histologically proven complete renal parenchyma infarction; however, some residual tumor was evident in all but one animal. CONCLUSION:None of the Ethiodol-based modalities combined with locoregional carboplatin were more efficacious for tumor ablation than EEM alone.

背景与目标： 目的：我们想确定基于导管的基于埃塞俄多的毛细管栓塞术与卡铂联合使用是否可以提高1：1埃塞俄多-乙醇混合物（EEM）消融接种了VX-2癌的肾脏的效率。
材料与方法：在34只新西兰白兔的右肾中接种新鲜的VX-2肿瘤片段。一周后，对肾脏进行经动脉治疗（每组4-5只兔子）：盐水注入（第1组）；盐水注入（第1组）。卡铂输注（5或10毫克，第2A和2B组）；单独使用卡铂-埃塞多（CE）（第3组），然后用乙醇（RAO）阻塞主肾动脉（第4组）；卡铂-EEM（C-EEM），然后是RAO（第5组）；卡铂输注，然后进行EEM加RAO（第6组）；和EEM，然后是RAO（第7组）。跟踪动物长达3周。通过血管造影和肉眼评估治疗的肾脏。在宏观上显示出成功栓塞的肾脏被完全切成连续切片，并在显微镜下进行检查。组织学上，根据在连续切片中发现的残留肿瘤评估肾脏。
结果：单独使用卡铂（2A和2B组）和不使用RAO的CE（第3组）获得的结果与对照动物（第1组）相似。来自第4-7组的肾脏在宏观上证明栓塞成功，并在组织学上证明完全肾实质梗死。然而，除了一只动物以外，在所有动物中都可见一些残留的肿瘤。
结论：以Ethiodol为基础的治疗方法与局部卡铂联合治疗均比单独的EEM更有效。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Long-term follow-up results after embolization of 13 pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in 10 patients by use of 14 detachable silicone balloons are given. Patients were followed for a mean of 99 months (range, 63-123 months) with chest x-rays and for a mean of 62 months (range, 3-101 months) with pulmonary angiography. Fifty-four percent of the balloons were deflated at latest radiographic chest film follow-up, but at pulmonary angiographic follow-up all embolized malformations were without flow irrespective of whether or not the balloons were visible. Detachable silicone balloons are not available anymore, but use of these balloons for embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations has been shown to be a safe and precise method, with immediate occlusion of the feeding artery and with long-lasting occlusion, even though many balloons deflate with time, leaving a fibrotic scar replacing the pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. No case of recanalization has been discovered, and these results seem to justify a reduced number of controls of these balloon-embolized malformations.

背景与目标： ：通过使用14个可拆卸硅胶球囊对10例患者的13种肺动静脉畸形栓塞后的长期随访结果。对患者进行了平均99个月（63-123个月）的胸部X光检查，对平均62个月（3-101个月）的肺动脉造影进行了随访。在最新的X线胸片随访中，有54％的气球放气，但在肺部血管造影随访中，无论是否可见气球，所有栓塞畸形均无血流。可拆卸的硅胶球囊已不再可用，但已证明将这些球囊用于肺动静脉畸形的栓塞术是一种安全，精确的方法，即使许多球囊会随着时间的推移而feeding缩进食动脉，也可长期闭塞。时间，留下的纤维化疤痕替代了肺动静脉畸形。没有发现再通的病例，这些结果似乎证明减少了这些球囊栓塞畸形对照的数量。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :MRI of the orbit at 1.5-Tesla was performed in 5 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with a variety of pathological intraocular or intraconal conditions. Major advantages of MRI over CT include higher spatial resolution, higher tissue contrast, possibility of direct multiplanar imaging, absence of bony and dental artifacts, and of ionising radiation. Specific indications of MRI in orbital pathology concern differentiation of uveal melanoma from subretinal haemorrhage, identification of lesions of the orbital apex, the orbital fissure or the optic canal, differentiation of inflammatory pseudotumour from malignant lesions, determination of the posterior extension of lesions of the optic nerve, and detection of abnormal flow in normal or hypertrophic intraorbital vessels. Limitations are due to motion artifacts on T2 weighted sequences, less accurate visualisation of calcification, poor specificity of some findings, and absence of signal from cortical bone.

背景与目标： ：在5名健康志愿者和30名患有各种病理性眼内或圆锥内疾病的患者中进行了1.5-Tesla眼眶的MRI检查。 MRI优于CT的主要优点包括更高的空间分辨率，更高的组织对比度，直接多平面成像的可能性，无骨和牙齿伪影以及电离辐射。眼眶病变的MRI特定指征涉及葡萄膜黑色素瘤与视网膜下出血的区别，眼眶顶点，眼眶裂孔或视神经管的病变的识别，炎性假瘤与恶性病变的区别，对视神经病变的向后扩展的确定神经，以及正常或肥大的眶内血管中异常血流的检测。局限性是由于T2加权序列上的运动伪影，钙化的可视化效果较差，某些发现的特异性差以及皮质骨信号缺失所致。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :It is reported in the literature that the material used in an embolization of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can attenuate the radiation beams used in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) up to 10% to 15%. The purpose of this work is to assess the dosimetric impact of this attenuating material in the SRS treatment of embolized AVMs, using Monte Carlo simulations assuming clinical conditions. A commercial Monte Carlo dose calculation engine was used to recalculate the dose distribution of 20 AVMs previously planned with a pencil beam dose calculation algorithm. Dose distributions were compared using the following metrics: average, minimal and maximum dose of AVM, and 2D gamma index. The effect in the obliteration rate was investigated using radiobiological models. It was found that the dosimetric impact of the embolization material is less than 1.0 Gy in the prescription dose to the AVM for the 20 cases studied. The impact in the obliteration rate is less than 4.0%. There is reported evidence in the literature that embolized AVMs treated with SRS have low obliteration rates. This work shows that there are dosimetric implications that should be considered in the final treatment decisions for embolized AVMs.

背景与目标： ：据文献报道，用于动静脉畸形（AVM）栓塞的材料可使立体定向放射外科（SRS）中使用的辐射束衰减多达10％至15％。这项工作的目的是在假定临床条件的情况下，使用蒙特卡罗模拟评估该衰减材料在栓塞性AVM的SRS治疗中的剂量学影响。商业的蒙特卡洛剂量计算引擎用于重新计算以前用笔形束剂量计算算法计划的20个AVM的剂量分布。使用以下指标比较了剂量分布：AVM的平均，最小和最大剂量，以及2D伽玛指数。使用放射生物学模型研究了闭塞率的影响。发现在研究的20例病例中，栓塞材料对AVM的处方剂量对剂量的影响小于1.0 Gy。闭塞率的影响小于4.0％。文献中有证据表明，经SRS治疗的栓塞性AVM闭塞率低。这项工作表明在栓塞性AVM的最终治疗决策中应考虑剂量学意义。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Studies of charge transport through proteins bridged between two electrodes have been the subject of intense research in recent years. However, the complex structure of proteins makes it difficult to elucidate transport mechanisms, and the use of simple peptide oligomers may be an over simplified model of the proteins. To bridge this structural gap, we present here studies of charge transport through artificial parallel coiled-coil proteins conducted in dry environment. Protein monolayers uniaxially oriented at an angle of ∼ 30° with respect to the surface normal were prepared. Current voltage measurements, obtained using conductive-probe atomic force microscopy, revealed the mechano-electronic behavior of the protein films. It was found that the low voltage conductance of the protein monolayer increases linearly with applied force, mainly due to increase in the tip contact area. Negligible compression of the films for loads below 26 nN allowed estimating a tunneling attenuation factor, β(0) , of 0.5-0.6 Å(-1) , which is akin to charge transfer by tunneling mechanism, despite the comparably large charge transport distance. These studies show that mechano-electronic behavior of proteins can shed light on their complex charge transport mechanisms, and on how these mechanisms depend on the detailed structure of the proteins. Such studies may provide insightful information on charge transfer in biological systems.

背景与目标： 近年来，通过跨两个电极的蛋白质进行电荷传输的研究一直是研究的重点。但是，蛋白质的复杂结构使得难以阐明转运机制，并且简单肽寡聚物的使用可能是蛋白质的过度简化模型。为了弥合这种结构缺口，我们在这里介绍了在干燥环境中通过人工平行卷曲螺旋蛋白进行电荷传输的研究。制备相对于表面法线单轴取向约30°的蛋白质单分子层。使用导电探针原子力显微镜获得的当前电压测量结果揭示了蛋白质膜的机械电子行为。已经发现，蛋白质单层的低电导率随着施加的力线性增加，这主要是由于尖端接触面积的增加。对于低于26 nN的负载，薄膜的压缩可忽略不计，因此可以估算出隧穿衰减因子β（0）为0.5-0.6Å（-1），尽管电荷传输距离相对较大，但类似于通过隧穿机制进行的电荷转移。这些研究表明，蛋白质的机电行为可以阐明其复杂的电荷传输机制，以及这些机制如何依赖于蛋白质的详细结构。这样的研究可以提供有关生物系统中电荷转移的有见地的信息。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The management of persistent type II endoleaks (T2E) is often problematic for the endovascular specialist, with a lack of clear evidence for the best approach for embolization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of translumbar embolization (TLE) for T2E following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). METHODS:This retrospective review included 27 embolizations performed on 23 patients with a median age of 78 (range 67-94 years; male: female 15:9), during the period September 2006 to July 2018. Primary outcome was freedom from aneurysm sac growth defined as <2 mm sac diameter increase on subsequent computed tomography. RESULTS:The initial technical success rate was 100%, with complete "on table" embolization of the T2E on fluoroscopy; however, 4 (15%) patients needed repeat TLE due to persistent endoleak identified on follow-up computed tomography or because of further sac expansion. Satisfactory stasis was achieved in these 4 cases following a second embolization. The mean volume of embolic injected was 7.4 mL per case. Feeding vessels were identified on angiography in all cases; the nidus was supplied by lumbar branches in 21 cases, by the inferior mesenteric artery in 1 case and by both in a further 5 cases. Freedom from aneurysm sac growth (defined as < 2 mm) following 1 or 2 separate TLE was achieved in 18 (78%) and 20 (86%) patients, respectively. The major complication rate was <5% with one case of psoas abscess presenting 7 months following embolization; there were 2 minor complications in the form of intraprocedural transient abdominal pain. CONCLUSION:The translumbar approach is a safe and effective technique to treat T2E, as evidenced by the low complication and reintervention rate.

背景与目标： 背景与目的：对于血管内专家来说，持续性II型内漏（T2E）的管理常常存在问题，因为缺乏明确的证据证明最佳的栓塞方法。这项研究的目的是评估腔内动脉瘤修复（EVAR）后经腰椎栓塞（TLE）治疗T2E的安全性和有效性。
方法：该回顾性研究包括2006年9月至2018年7月期间对23例中位年龄为78岁（范围67-94岁；男：女15：9）的患者进行的27例栓塞术。主要结果是无动脉瘤囊生长定义为在随后的计算机X线断层扫描中，<2 mm的囊直径增加。
结果：最初的技术成功率为100％，在荧光检查中完全完成了T2E的“台式”栓塞；但是，由于在后续的计算机体层摄影术中发现持续的内漏或由于进一步的囊扩张，有4名（15％）患者需要重复TLE。在第二次栓塞后，这4例患者均达到了满意的停滞状态。每种情况下注射的栓塞平均体积为7.4 mL。在所有情况下，均需通过血管造影确定供血血管。 nidus由腰部分支供应21例，由肠系膜下动脉供应1例，并由另外5例供应。分别在18例（78％）和20例（86％）的患者中实现了1或2次单独的TLE后无动脉瘤囊生长（定义为<2 mm）。主要并发症发生率<5％，其中1例栓塞后7个月出现脓肿。术中短暂性腹痛有2种轻微并发症。
结论：经腰椎入路是治疗T2E的一种安全有效的技术，其并发症和再介入率低，证明了这一点。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Episodes of microvascular proliferation associated with volume expansion have been observed in arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of skin and soft tissue. OBJECTIVE:We sought to investigate the relationship between a microvascular proliferative response and flow velocity in AVMs. METHODS:Resection specimens of 80 AVMs were clinically categorized as either high- or low-flow lesions, and histopathologically screened for the presence of microvessels, inflammation, thrombosis, or a combination of these. Immunohistochemistry was performed with endoglin (CD105), von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen antibodies. RESULTS:Clinically, 37 AVMs were classified as high-flow lesions and 43 as low-flow lesions. In 81% of high-flow lesions microvascular proliferations were seen versus in 14% of low-flow lesions (P < .005). In high-flow lesions, which were embolized before surgery (30% of all), 88% showed microvascular proliferation, 88% inflammation, and 33% thrombosis. However, similar vasoproliferative responses were also observed in nonembolized AVM (69% high-flow and 14% low-flow lesions). Endoglin was more frequently expressed in high-flow lesions. Extracellular von Willebrand factor staining was found in most lesions, irrespective of flow type or presence of microvascular proliferations. LIMITATIONS:The study was carried out at a single tertiary referral center. CONCLUSIONS:Microvascular proliferative masses in AVMs appear to be strongly associated with high-flow characteristics. This could be explained to some extent by previous therapeutic embolization and/or inflammation in the lesion. However, occurrence of similar microvascular responses in AVM that were not embolized before surgery suggests that the biomechanical effects of high flow in these lesions may also have an angiogenic effect.

背景与目标： 背景：在皮肤和软组织的动静脉畸形（AVM）中已观察到与血管扩张相关的微血管增生。
目的：我们试图研究微血管增生反应与AVM中流速之间的关系。
方法：将80例AVM的切除标本在临床上分为高流量或低流量病变，并在组织病理学上筛查微血管，炎症，血栓形成或这些因素的组合。免疫组化用内皮糖蛋白（CD105），von Willebrand因子和纤维蛋白原抗体进行。
结果：在临床上，37例AVM被归类为高流量病灶，43例被归为低流量病灶。在81％的高流量病灶中观察到微血管增生，而在14％的低流量病灶中可见（P <.005）。在手术前栓塞的高流量病灶中（占全部的30％），有88％的患者显示出微血管增生，88％的炎症和33％的血栓形成。但是，在未栓塞的AVM中也观察到了类似的血管增生反应（69％的高流量和14％的低流量病变）。内皮糖蛋白在高流量病变中更频繁表达。在大多数病变中都发现了细胞外von Willebrand因子染色，而与血流类型或微血管增生无关。
局限性：该研究是在单一的三级转诊中心进行的。
结论：AVM中的微血管增生肿块似乎与高流量特征密切相关。这可以在某种程度上通过先前的治疗栓塞和/或病变中的炎症来解释。但是，在手术前未栓塞的AVM中发生了类似的微血管反应，这表明这些病变中高流量的生物力学效应也可能具有血管生成作用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The coiled-coil domain is a structural motif found in proteins that participate in a variety of biological processes. Aberrant expression of such proteins has been shown to be associated with the malignant behavior of human cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of a specific family member, coiled-coil domain containing 109B (CCDC109B), in human gliomas. METHODS AND RESULTS:We confirmed that CCDC109B was highly expressed in high grade gliomas (HGG; WHO III-IV) using immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and open databases. Through Cox regression analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that the expression levels of CCDC109B were inversely correlated with patient overall survival and it could serve as a prognostic marker. Then, a serious of cell functional assays were performed in human glioma cell lines, U87MG and U251, which indicated that silencing of CCDC109B attenuated glioma proliferation and migration/invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, IHC staining in primary glioma samples interestingly revealed localization of elevated CCDC109B expression in necrotic areas which are typically hypoxic. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and specific inhibiters of HIF1α led to decreased expression of CCDC109B in vitro and in vivo. Transwell assay further showed that CCDC109B is a critical factor in mediating HIF1α-induced glioma cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSION:Our study elucidated a role for CCDC109B as an oncogene and a prognostic marker in human gliomas. CCDC109B may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of human glioma.

背景与目标： 背景：卷曲螺旋结构域是在参与多种生物学过程的蛋白质中发现的结构基序。已经表明这种蛋白质的异常表达与人类癌症的恶性行为有关。在这项研究中，我们调查了一个特定的家庭成员，包含109B（CCDC109B）的卷曲螺旋域在人类神经胶质瘤中的作用。
方法和结果：我们使用免疫荧光，免疫印迹分析，免疫组化（IHC）和开放式数据库证实了CCDC109B在高级别胶质瘤（HGG; WHO III-IV）中高表达。通过癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库的Cox回归分析，我们发现CCDC109B的表达水平与患者的总体生存率呈负相关，并且可以作为预后的标志物。然后，在人神经胶质瘤细胞系U87MG和U251中进行了严重的细胞功能测定，这表明CCDC109B的沉默在体外和体内均减弱了神经胶质瘤的增殖和迁移/侵袭。值得注意的是，原发性神经胶质瘤样本中的IHC染色有趣地揭示了在通常缺氧的坏死区域中CCDC109B表达升高的定位。此外，小的干扰RNA（siRNA）和HIF1α的特异性抑制剂导致CCDC109B在体外和体内的表达降低。 Transwell分析进一步表明，CCDC109B是介导HIF1α诱导的神经胶质瘤细胞迁移和侵袭的关键因素。
结论：我们的研究阐明了CCDC109B在人类神经胶质瘤中作为癌基因和预后标志物的作用。 CCDC109B可为治疗人脑胶质瘤提供新的治疗靶标。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Transfemoral filter-protected carotid artery stenting (CAS) has emerged as a valid alternative to carotid surgery. To overcome the drawbacks of femoral access for CAS and reduce embolic load, some have proposed cervical access with internal carotid artery (ICA) flow reversal. In a series of patients at high risk for femoral access who underwent transcervical CAS with ICA flow reversal, we report clinical outcome and intraoperative embolization rates measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). A series of 48 patients were selected for transcervical CAS with carotid flow reversal from September 2004 to July 2007. The indications used for this technique were age >or=80 years, severe aortic and epiaortic vessel tortuosity, widespread calcification of aortic arch or epiaortic vessels, severe aortoiliac occlusive disease, large abdominal aortic aneurysm, and aortobifemoral prosthesis. During the procedure, no adjunctive maneuvers such as external carotid artery balloon occlusion were used. Of the 48 patients, 43 underwent preoperative and postoperative cerebral DW-MRI. The death/stroke rate in the 48 patients was 2.1% (one transient ischemic attack, one minor stroke, and no deaths). None of the procedures led to carotid dissections or access-site complications. Of the 43 patients who underwent DW-MRI, 16 new ischemic lesions were disclosed in six patients (13.9%), four (9.3%) of whom remained asymptomatic. All ischemic lesions were ipsilateral to the treated carotid artery. In patients at high risk for the transfemoral approach, transcervical carotid stenting with flow reversal achieves good technical and clinical results and seems able to reduce the incidence of postoperative DW-MRI ischemic lesions previously reported for transfemoral filter-protected CAS.

背景与目标： ：经股动脉滤器保护的颈动脉支架置入术（CAS）已成为颈动脉手术的有效替代方法。为了克服CAS的股骨入路的缺点并减少栓塞负荷，一些人提出了颈内动脉（ICA）逆转的颈椎入路。在一系列接受经颈CAS并进行ICA逆转的高风险股骨入路患者中，我们报告了通过弥散加权磁共振成像（DW-MRI）测量的临床结局和术中栓塞率。从2004年9月至2007年7月，选择48例经颈颈动脉血流逆转的CAS患者。该技术的适应症是年龄>或= 80岁，主动脉和epi主动脉曲折严重，主动脉弓或主动脉弓钙化广泛，严重的主动脉闭塞性疾病，大腹主动脉瘤和主动脉分娩假体。在该过程中，没有使用辅助措施，例如颈外动脉球囊阻塞。在48例患者中，有43例接受了术前和术后脑DW-MRI检查。 48例患者的死亡率/中风率为2.1％（1次短暂性脑缺血发作，1次轻度中风，无死亡）。这些程序均未导致颈动脉夹层或进入部位并发症。在接受DW-MRI检查的43例患者中，有6例（13.9％）出现16例新的缺血性病变，其中4例（9.3％）无症状。所有缺血性病变均在治疗的颈动脉同侧。对于经股动脉入路高风险的患者，经颈逆流置入颈动脉支架取得了良好的技术和临床效果，并且似乎能够减少先前报道的经股动脉滤器保护的CAS术后DW-MRI缺血性病变的发生。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Celiac trunk aneurysms are rare and can be treated with coil embolization. Migration of the coil with erosion of the arterial wall and further perforation to an extravascular structure, although infrequent, can occur. The authors describe a lethal aortogastric fistula in a patient who had undergone embolization of a celiac trunk aneurysm with tungsten coils and alcohol prolamine solution 10 years earlier. Gastroscopy, performed due to acute hematemesis, showed the coil placed 10 years previously inside the stomach without active bleeding. Two days later, the patient died of a recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. Autopsy showed abscess formation at the celiac trunk resulting in an aortogastric fistula. The authors discuss the possible cause of this remote complication of the embolotherapy.

背景与目标： ：腹腔干动脉瘤很少见，可以用线圈栓塞治疗。尽管不常见，但可能会发生线圈的迁移，并伴有动脉壁的侵蚀，并进一步穿孔至血管外结构。作者描述了在10年前接受钨丝线圈和醇溶谷蛋白胺溶液栓塞的腹腔干动脉瘤栓塞的患者中的致死性主动脉瘘。由于急性呕血而进行的胃镜检查显示，线圈在胃内放置了10年之久，而没有活动性出血。两天后，患者死于胃肠道出血。尸检显示在腹腔干处形成脓肿，导致主动脉瘘。作者讨论了栓塞治疗这种远程并发症的可能原因。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Total surgical resection is the treatment of choice for choroid plexus tumors. However, the hypervascular nature of such lesions imposes challenges to the surgical treatment. Preoperative embolization for intracranial tumors has been widely used in an attempt to reduce blood loss, but rarely with choroid plexus tumors. CASE REPORT:We describe the first case of preoperative embolization of choroid plexus papilloma with Onyx via the anterior choroidal artery. The procedure underwent without any complications and surgical treatment was possible with minimal blood loss. DISCUSSION:Embolization of choroid plexus tumors via anterior choroidal artery is potentially dangerous, but following a meticulous technique, it can be used as a safe and effective preoperative procedure.

背景与目标： 简介：全手术切除是治疗脉络丛神经的首选治疗方法。但是，这种病变的血管过度性质对外科治疗提出了挑战。颅内肿瘤的术前栓塞术已广泛用于减少失血，但对于脉络丛肿瘤很少。
病例报告：我们描述了第一例通过脉络膜前动脉将脉络丛乳头状瘤与Onyx栓塞的情况。整个过程没有任何并发​​症，并且手术治疗的失血量极少。
讨论：通过脉络膜前动脉介入脉络丛肿瘤具有潜在的危险，但是经过细致的技术，它可以作为一种安全有效的术前程序。