• 【减少运动引起的肌肉损伤的体征和症状并加速运动员恢复的营养干预措施:当前知识,实际应用和未来前景。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00421-020-04432-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bongiovanni T,Genovesi F,Nemmer M,Carling C,Alberti G,Howatson G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the nutritional strategies to treat the signs and symptoms related to EIMD. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based upon the quality and quantity of the scientific support available: (1) interventions with a good level of evidence; (2) interventions with some evidence and require more research; and (3) potential nutritional interventions with little to-no-evidence to support efficacy. METHOD:Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were used. The search terms 'EIMD' and 'exercise-induced muscle damage' were individually concatenated with 'supplementation', 'athletes', 'recovery', 'adaptation', 'nutritional strategies', hormesis'. RESULT:Supplementation with tart cherries, beetroot, pomegranate, creatine monohydrate and vitamin D appear to provide a prophylactic effect in reducing EIMD. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, and the ingestion of protein, BCAA and milk could represent promising strategies to manage EIMD. Other nutritional interventions were identified but offered limited effect in the treatment of EIMD; however, inconsistencies in the dose and frequency of interventions might account for the lack of consensus regarding their efficacy. CONCLUSION:There are clearly varying levels of evidence and practitioners should be mindful to refer to this evidence-base when prescribing to clients and athletes. One concern is the potential for these interventions to interfere with the exercise-recovery-adaptation continuum. Whilst there is no evidence that these interventions will blunt adaptation, it seems pragmatic to use a periodised approach to administering these strategies until data are in place to provide and evidence base on any interference effect on adaptation.
    背景与目标: 目的:这篇综述提供了有关治疗与EIMD有关的体征和症状的营养策略的最新知识的概述。根据可获得的科学支持的质量和数量,将这些策略分为以下几节:(1)具有良好证据水平的干预措施; (2)有证据的干预措施,需要进一步研究; (3)缺乏营养支持的潜在营养干预措施。
    方法:使用Pubmed,EMBASE,Scopus和Web of Science。搜索词“ EIMD”和“运动引起的肌肉损伤”分别与“补充”,“运动员”,“恢复”,“适应”,“营养策略”,“兴奋剂”串联在一起。
    结果:补充酸樱桃,甜菜根,石榴,肌酸一水合物和维生素D似乎对降低EIMD具有预防作用。 β-羟基β-甲基丁酸酯以及蛋白质,BCAA和牛奶的摄入可能是管理EIMD的有前途的策略。确定了其他营养干预措施,但在EIMD的治疗中作用有限。但是,干预的剂量和频率不一致可能是导致对疗效缺乏共识的原因。
    结论:证据水平明显不同,从业人员在开处方给客户和运动员时应注意参考该证据基础。人们担心的是这些干预措施可能会干扰运动恢复适应的连续性。尽管没有证据表明这些干预措施会钝化适应,但采用循序渐进的方法来管理这些策略似乎是切实可行的,直到有数据提供并基于对适应的任何干扰效应提供证据为止。
  • 【剧烈的偏心负荷下降跳跃后,运动引起的肌肉损伤的影响以及反复发作的效果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001725 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bridgeman LA,Gill ND,Dulson DK,McGuigan MR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Bridgeman, LA, Gill, ND, Dulson, DK, and McGuigan, MR. The effect of exercise induced muscle damage after a bout of accentuated eccentric load drop jumps and the repeated bout effect. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 386-394, 2017-Although previous studies have investigated exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after a bout of unloaded drop jumps (DJs), none have investigated the effects of accentuated eccentric load (AEL) DJs on EIMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 30 and 50 AEL DJs on strength, jump performance, muscle soreness, and blood markers. Eight resistance trained athletes participated in this study. In week 1, baseline countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), concentric and eccentric peak force (PF), creatine kinase, and muscle soreness were assessed. Subjects then completed 30 AEL DJs and baseline measures were retested immediately postintervention, 1, 24, and 48 hours later. Two weeks later, the subjects completed the same protocol with an increase in AEL DJ volume (50). Subjects' SJ height was reduced in week 1 compared with week 3, postintervention, 1, 24, and 48 hours later (ES = -0.34, -0.44, -0.38, and -0.40). Subjects' CMJ height was reduced in week 1 compared with week 3, postintervention, 1, and 24 hours later (ES = -0.37, -0.29, and -0.39). Concentric PF was reduced in week 1 compared with week 3, postintervention and 24 and 48 hours later (ES = -0.02, -0.23, and -0.32). Eccentric PF was reduced in week 1 compared with week 3, postintervention, 24, and 48 hours later (ES = -0.24, -0.16, and -0.50). In this sample, 30 AEL DJs attenuated the effects of EIMD following which 50 AEL DJs completed 2 weeks later.
    背景与目标: :路易斯安那州布里奇曼,吉尔,北达科他州,达森(Dulson)和马里兰州麦圭根(McGuigan)在剧烈的偏心负荷下降跳动和重复的回跳作用之后,运动引起的肌肉损伤的效果。 J Strength Cond Res 31(2):386-394,2017年-尽管先前的研究已经研究了运动性肌肉损伤(EIMD)在一系列空载跌落跳跃(DJ)之后的发生,但没有研究过重心离心负荷(AEL)的影响)EIMD上的DJ。这项研究的目的是调查30和50个AEL DJ对力量,跳跃表现,肌肉酸痛和血液标志物的影响。八名受过抵抗训练的运动员参加了这项研究。在第1周,评估了基线反向运动跳跃(CMJ),下蹲跳跃(SJ),同心和偏心峰值力(PF),肌酸激酶和肌肉酸痛。受试者随后完成了30次AEL DJ,并且在干预后,1、24和48小时后立即对基线测量进行了重新测试。两周后,受试者完成了相同的方案,但AEL DJ量增加了(50)。与第3周,干预后,1、24和48小时后相比,受试者的SJ身高在第1周时有所降低(ES = -0.34,-0.44,-0.38和-0.40)。与干预后第1、3周和24小时后相比,第1周与第3周相比,受试者的CMJ身高有所降低(ES = -0.37,-0.29和-0.39)。与第3周,干预后以及24和48小时后相比,第1周的同心PF降低了(ES = -0.02,-0.23和-0.32)。与干预后第24周和48小时后的第3周相比,第1周的偏心PF降低了(ES = -0.24,-0.16和-0.50)。在此样本中,有30个AEL DJ减弱了EIMD的作用,此后2个星期后完成了50个AEL DJ。
  • 【泡沫滚动对运动引起的肌肉损伤恢复的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002240 复制DOI
    作者列表:DʼAmico AP,Gillis J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :D'Amico, AP and Gillis, J. Influence of foam rolling on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2443-2452, 2019-The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of foam rolling (FR) on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Thirty-seven male individuals performed 40 × 15-m sprints, inducing muscle damage. Immediately after sprinting and in the 4 days following, perceived muscle soreness, hip abduction range of motion (ROM), hamstring muscle length, vertical jump (VJ), and agility measures were recorded. Eighteen subjects (mean ± SD; age 22.4 ± 2.0 years; BMI [body mass index] 26.9 ± 4.2 kg·m) foam rolled before testing each day, whereas 19 (mean ± SD; age 23.2 ± 3.2 years; BMI 26.3 ± 4.0 kg·m) served as a non-FR control (CON). Measurements recorded during the 5 days of recovery from the repeated sprint protocol were compared with week 1 baseline measurements. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by summing all 5 scores as they changed from baseline measurement, and these data were compared by condition using a 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test (alpha level = 0.05). Perceived soreness, hip abduction ROM, hamstring muscle length, and VJ were not significantly different between groups (p ≥ 0.25). Agility was less impaired in the FR condition (p = 0.0049) as AUC was higher in CON (2.88 ± 2.45 seconds) than in FR (0.33 ± 2.16 seconds). Based on these data, FR appears to expedite recovery of agility after EIMD instigated by a repeated sprint protocol. Foam rolling may be useful for athletes requiring adequate agility who need to recover quickly from demanding bouts of exercise.
    背景与目标: :D'Amico,AP和Gillis,J。泡沫滚动对运动引起的肌肉损伤恢复的影响。 J Strength Cond Res 33(9):2443-2452,2019-本研究的目的是研究泡沫滚动(FR)对运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)恢复的影响。 37名男性个体进行40×15-m冲刺,引起肌肉损伤。冲刺后立即以及随后的4天,记录感觉到的肌肉酸痛,髋关节外展运动范围(ROM),绳肌长度,垂直跳动(VJ)和敏捷性指标。每天进行测试前,有18名受试者(平均±SD;年龄22.4±2.0岁; BMI [体重指数] 26.9±4.2 kg·m)滚动,而19名(平均±SD;年龄23.2±3.2岁; BMI 26.3±4.0) kg·m)作为非FR对照(CON)。从重复冲刺方案恢复的5天内记录的测量值与第1周的基线测量值进行了比较。曲线下的面积(AUC)是通过将所有5个得分从基线测量值开始的变化相加得出的,并使用2尾Mann-Whitney U检验(α水平= 0.05)对这些数据进行条件比较。两组之间的知觉酸痛,髋外展ROM,绳肌长度和VJ差异均无统计学意义(p≥0.25)。在FR条件下,敏捷度受到的影响较小(p = 0.0049),因为CON(2.88±2.45秒)的AUC高于FR(0.33±2.16秒)的AUC。根据这些数据,在通过重复的冲刺协议激发EIMD后,FR似乎可以加快敏捷性的恢复。泡沫滚动对于需要足够敏捷性,需要从剧烈运动中快速恢复的运动员可能有用。
  • 【运动前急性振动训练对运动引起的肌肉损伤症状的影响:系统评价和荟萃分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003789 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tan J,Shi X,Witchalls J,Waddington G,Lun Fu AC,Wu S,Tirosh O,Wu X,Han J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Tan, J, Shi, X, Witchalls, J, Waddington, G, Lun Fu, AC, Wu, S, Tirosh, O, Wu, X, and Han, J. Effects of pre-exercise acute vibration training on symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) normally occurs after unaccustomed high-intensity eccentric exercises. Symptoms of EIMD include delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), tenderness, stiffness, swelling, reduced strength, and increased creatine kinase (CK) levels in the blood. Vibration training (VT) may be useful as a pre-exercise intervention in attenuating EIMD on the basis of tonic vibration reflex (TVR) through a more efficient distribution of contractile stress over muscle fibers. The objective of this meta-analysis is to examine the effects of acute VT on symptoms of EIMD when performed as the pre-exercise intervention. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the 8 databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Airiti Library and WanFang Data from 1966 (the earliest available time) to January 2019 were searched. A total of 2,324 records were identified and 448 articles were screened with the title and abstract. Two investigators identified eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias independently. Review Manager 5.3 designed by Cochrane was used for the current meta-analysis. Six RCTs involving 180 subjects were included in the analysis. A low-to-moderate methodological quality of the included studies was revealed using the physiotherapy evidence database scale. The results showed that acute VT was superior to the control group for the reduction of DOMS on pain visual analogue scale at 24, 48 hours and pressure pain threshold at 24 hours. In addition, superior effects of acute VT were also found on the indirect markers of muscle damage including CK at 24, 72 hours, and lactate dehydrogenase at 24 hours. The current meta-analysis has collated the evidence to demonstrate that receiving acute VT before unaccustomed high-intensity eccentric exercises may be effective in attenuating markers of muscle damage and the development of DOMS when compared with a control group. The possible mechanisms of this effect could be attributed to an improved synchronization of muscle fiber caused by TVR, which could result in even distribution of exterior loads and eventually attenuate disruptions of muscle fibers. In addition, increased blood flow may also be helpful to prevent accumulation of metabolic substances and attenuate subsequent symptoms of EIMD. Vibration training may be used as a pre-exercise intervention to alleviate symptoms of EIMD caused by unaccustomed high-intensity eccentric exercise. Because of the limited quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are required to ascertain the effect of VT on symptoms of EIMD.
    背景与目标: :Tan,J,Shi,X,Witchalls,J,Waddington,G,Lun Fu,AC,Wu,S,Tirosh,O,Wu,X,and Han,J.运动前急性振动训练对以下症状的影响运动引起的肌肉损伤:系统评价和荟萃分析。 J Strength Cond Res XX(X):000-000,2020年。运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)通常在不习惯的高强度离心运动之后发生。 EIMD的症状包括血液中延迟发作的肌肉酸痛(DOMS),压痛,僵硬,肿胀,强度降低和肌酸激酶(CK)水平升高。振动训练(VT)可以作为锻炼前的干预手段,它可以通过在肌肉纤维上更有效地分布收缩应力,在强直振动反射(TVR)的基础上衰减EIMD。这项荟萃分析的目的是检查作为运动前干预措施时急性室速对EIMD症状的影响。检索了Cochrane图书馆,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,EBSCO,中国国家知识基础设施,Airiti图书馆和WanFang Data的8个数据库中公布的1966年(最早可用时间)至2019年1月的随机对照试验(RCT)。总共确定了2,324条记录,并筛选了448条带有标题和摘要的文章。两名研究人员确定了合格的研究,提取了数据,并独立评估了偏倚的风险。当前的荟萃分析使用了Cochrane设计的Review Manager 5.3。分析中包括涉及180个受试者的6个RCT。使用理疗证据数据库量表显示纳入研究的方法学质量为中度至中度。结果显示,在24、48小时疼痛视觉模拟量表和24小时压力疼痛阈值方面,急性VT优于对照组。此外,还发现急性VT对肌肉损伤的间接标志物有更好的作用,包括24、72小时的CK和24小时的乳酸脱氢酶。当前的荟萃分析整理了证据,表明与对照组相比,在不习惯的高强度离心运动之前接受急性VT可能有效减轻肌肉损伤和DOMS的发展。这种作用的可能机制可以归因于TVR引起的肌肉纤维改善的同步性,这可以导致外部负荷的均匀分布并最终减弱肌肉纤维的破坏。此外,增加血流量也可能有助于防止代谢物质的积累并减轻随后的EIMD症状。振动训练可用作运动前干预,以缓解因不习惯的高强度离心运动引起的EIMD症状。由于纳入研究的数量和质量有限,因此需要更多高质量的研究来确定VT对EIMD症状的影响。
  • 【肌肉损伤导致线粒体功能受损并降低了能量消耗。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000523 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fouré A,Wegrzyk J,Le Fur Y,Mattei JP,Boudinet H,Vilmen C,Bendahan D,Gondin J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Although it has been largely acknowledged that isometric neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) exercise induces larger muscle damage than voluntary contractions, the corresponding effects on muscle energetics remain to be determined. Voluntary exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has been reported to have minor slight effects on muscle metabolic response to subsequent dynamic exercise, but the magnitude of muscle energetics alterations for NMES EIMD has never been documented. METHODS:³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements were performed in 13 young healthy males during a standardized rest-exercise-recovery protocol before (D0) and 2 d (D2) and 4 d (D4) after NMES EIMD on knee extensor muscles. Changes in kinetics of phosphorylated metabolite concentrations (i.e., phosphocreatine [PCr], inorganic phosphate [Pi], and adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) and pH were assessed to investigate aerobic and anaerobic rates of ATP production and energy cost of contraction (Ec). RESULTS:Resting [Pi]/[PCr] ratio increased at D2 (+39%) and D4 (+29%), mainly owing to the increased [Pi] (+43% and +32%, respectively), whereas a significant decrease in resting pH was determined (-0.04 pH unit and -0.03 pH unit, respectively). PCr recovery rate decreased at D2 (-21%) and D4 (-23%) in conjunction with a significantly decreased total rate of ATP production at D4 (-18%) mainly owing to an altered aerobic ATP production (-19%). Paradoxically, Ec was decreased at D4 (-21%). CONCLUSION:Overall, NMES EIMD led to intramuscular acidosis in resting muscle and mitochondrial impairment in exercising muscle. Alterations of noncontractile processes and/or adaptive mechanisms to muscle damage might account for the decreased Ec during the dynamic exercise.
    背景与目标: 目的:尽管已经广泛认可等距神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)运动比自发性收缩引起的肌肉损伤更大,但对肌肉能量的相应影响尚待确定。据报道,自愿运动诱发的肌肉损伤(EIMD)对随后进行的动态运动的肌肉代谢反应具有轻微的轻微影响,但尚未记录NMES EIMD的肌肉能量变化的程度。
    方法:在标准化的静坐锻炼恢复方案之前(D0),NMES EIMD后2 d(D2)和4 d(D4)之前,对13名年轻的健康男性进行了13 P磁共振波谱测量。评估了磷酸化代谢物浓度(即磷酸肌酸[PCr],无机磷酸[Pi]和三磷酸腺苷[ATP])的动力学变化,以研究有氧和无氧的ATP产生速率和收缩能量成本(Ec)。
    结果:在第2天(39%)和第4天(29%)的休息Pi / [PCr]比增加,主要是由于Pi分别增加(分别为43%和32%),而静止pH值显着下降测定(分别为-0.04 pH单位和-0.03 pH单位)。在D2(-21%)和D4(-23%)处PCr回收率下降,同时在D4(-18%)处的ATP产生总速率显着下降,这主要是由于有氧ATP产生的改变(-19%)。矛盾的是,Ec在D4处降低(-21%)。
    结论:总体而言,NMES EIMD导致静息肌发生肌内酸中毒,并导致运动肌的线粒体损伤。非收缩过程和/或对肌肉损伤的适应性机制的改变可能是动态运动过程中Ec降低的原因。
  • 【运动诱发的肌肉损伤对训练有素的自行车有氧和无氧运动性能的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002522 复制DOI
    作者列表:Karasiak FC,Guglielmo LGA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Karasiak, FC and Guglielmo, LGA. Effects of exercise-induced muscle damage in well-trained cyclists' aerobic and anaerobic performances. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2632-2640, 2018-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in gross efficiency and in aerobic and anaerobic cycling performances. Nine well-trained cyclists (30.8 ± 6.4 years, cycling experience 8.4 ± 5.6 years) visited the laboratory 5 times. During the first visit, they performed a maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer, to identify V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (55.2 ± 4.9 ml·kg·min) and maximum aerobic power (Pmax; 327.0 ± 28.5 W). During the second visit (control), they cycled 5 minutes at 60% of Pmax, 5 minutes at 70% of Pmax, 5-minute time trial, and Wingate test. During the third visit, the athletes performed 10 sets of 10 countermovement jumps, to generate EIMD. The athletes repeated the second visit tests (control) 30 minutes, 48 hours (fourth visit), and 96 hours (fifth visit) after the jumps. The rated perceived exertion values increased 48 hours after EIMD (3.8 vs. 3.1) at 60% of Pmax. The ventilation and respiratory exchange ratio increased at 60% of Pmax (up to 4.3 L·min and 0.04, respectively) and at 70% of Pmax (up to 5.4 L·min and 0.05, respectively), mainly after 96 hours. There was no significant difference in V[Combining Dot Above]O2, V[Combining Dot Above]CO2, and heart rate in submaximal exercises, neither in time trial. No differences were observed in the Wingate tests. In conclusion, the EIMD did not impair gross efficiency, nor aerobic and anaerobic performances in trained cyclists. However, despite the benefits of strength training to improve cyclists' performance, coaches must be cautious to the days after the strength training sessions because EIMD may change the perception of maintaining a given submaximal intensity during training or competition.
    背景与目标: :Karasiak,FC和Guglielmo,LGA。运动诱发的肌肉损伤对训练有素的自行车有氧和无氧运动性能的影响。 J Strength Cond Res 32(9):2632-2640,2018-本研究的目的是分析运动诱发的肌肉损伤(EIMD)对总效率以及有氧和无氧循环运动性能的影响。九名训练有素的自行车手(30.8±6.4岁,骑车经历8.4±5.6年)共5次到实验室。在第一次拜访期间,他们在自行车测功机上进行了最大增量测试,以识别V [O2max]最大值(55.2±4.9 ml·kg·min)和最大有氧功率(P​​max; 327.0±28.5 W)。在第二次访问(对照)期间,他们以Pmax的60%骑车5分钟,以Pmax的70%骑车5分钟,进行了5分钟的时间试验和Wingate测试。在第三次访问期间,运动员进行了10组10次反向运动跳跃,以生成EIMD。运动员在跳跃后30分钟,48小时(第四次访问)和96小时(第五次访问)重复第二次访问测试(对照)。在Pmax为60%的情况下,EIMD后48小时的额定感知劳累值增加(3.8对3.1)。主要在96小时后,通气和呼吸交换率在Pmax的60%(分别高达4.3 L·min和0.04)和70%的Pmax(分别高达5.4 L·min和0.05)时增加。在次最大运动量中,V [O],[V] CO2和心率无显着差异,在时间试验中也没有。在Wingate测试中未观察到差异。总之,在训练有素的自行车手中,EIMD不会影响总效率,也不会影响有氧和厌氧性能。但是,尽管进行力量训练可以提高骑自行车者的表现,但教练必须谨慎对待力量训练后的几天,因为EIMD可能会改变在训练或比赛中维持给定最大强度的观念。
  • 【反复冲刺活动后,女大学生运动员的肌肉损伤反应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000961 复制DOI
    作者列表:Keane KM,Salicki R,Goodall S,Thomas K,Howatson G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is a well-investigated area, however there is a paucity of data surrounding the damage response in females. The aim of this study was to examine the damage responses from a sport-specific bout of repeated sprints in female athletes. Eleven well-trained females (mean ± SD; age: 22 ± 3 years; height: 166.6 ± 5.7 cm; mass: 62.7 ± 4.5 kg) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle completed a repeated sprint protocol designed to induce EIMD (15 × 30 m sprints). Creatine kinase, countermovement jump height, knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), 30-m sprint time, and limb girth were recorded before, after, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. Creatine kinase was elevated at 24, 48, and 72 hours (p ≤ 0.05), peaking at 24 hours (+418%) and returning toward baseline at 72 hours. Countermovement jump height was reduced immediately after, 24, and 48 hours (p ≤ 0.05). Sprint performance was also negatively affected immediately after, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. Muscle soreness peaked at 48 hours (p < 0.01) and remained significantly elevated at 72 hours after exercise (p < 0.01). Limb girth and MVIC did not alter over time. This study provides new information on the EIMD response in trained females after a sport-specific bout of repeated sprints. Importantly, this damage response has the potential to negatively affect performance for several days after exercise.
    背景与目标: :运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)是一个研究充分的领域,但是关于女性损伤反应的数据很少。这项研究的目的是检查女运动员重复短跑的一项运动特定回合对损伤的反应。 11名受过良好训练的女性(平均±SD;年龄:22±3岁;身高:166.6±5.7 cm;体重:62.7±4.5 kg)在月经周期的黄体期完成了旨在诱发EIMD的重复冲刺方案(15 ×30 m冲刺)。在运动前,运动后,运动后,运动24、48和72小时之前记录肌酸激酶,反跳高度,膝盖伸肌的最大自发等长收缩(MVIC)力,迟发性肌肉酸痛(DOMS),30 m冲刺时间和肢体围长。肌酸激酶在24、48和72小时升高(p≤0.05),在24小时达到峰值(418%),在72小时回到基线。在24小时和48小时后,反向移动跳跃高度立即减小(p≤0.05)。运动后,运动后24、48和72小时,短跑成绩也受到负面影响。肌肉酸痛在48小时达到峰值(p <0.01),并在运动后72小时保持明显升高(p <0.01)。肢体围长和MVIC不会随时间改变。这项研究提供了针对特定运动的反复冲刺后受过训练的女性的EIMD反应的新信息。重要的是,这种损伤反应可能会在运动后几天内对运动产生负面影响。
  • 【低容量的有害肌肉锻炼可防止高容量的有害肌肉锻炼以及对耐力性能的不利影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00421-015-3131-y 复制DOI
    作者列表:Burt D,Lamb K,Nicholas C,Twist C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:This study examined whether lower-volume exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) performed 2 weeks before high-volume muscle-damaging exercise protects against its detrimental effect on running performance. METHODS:Sixteen male participants were randomly assigned to a lower-volume (five sets of ten squats, n = 8) or high-volume (ten sets of ten squats, n = 8) EIMD group and completed baseline measurements for muscle soreness, knee extensor torque, creatine kinase (CK), a 5-min fixed-intensity running bout and a 3-km running time-trial. Measurements were repeated 24 and 48 h after EIMD, and the running time-trial after 48 h. Two weeks later, both groups repeated the baseline measurements, ten sets of ten squats and the same follow-up testing (Bout 2). RESULTS:Data analysis revealed increases in muscle soreness and CK and decreases in knee extensor torque 24-48 h after the initial bouts of EIMD. Increases in oxygen uptake [Formula: see text], minute ventilation [Formula: see text] and rating of perceived exertion were observed during fixed-intensity running 24-48 h after EIMD Bout 1. Likewise, time increased and speed and [Formula: see text] decreased during a 3-km running time-trial 48 h after EIMD. Symptoms of EIMD, responses during fixed-intensity and running time-trial were attenuated in the days after the repeated bout of high-volume EIMD performed 2 weeks after the initial bout. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that the protective effect of lower-volume EIMD on subsequent high-volume EIMD is transferable to endurance running. Furthermore, time-trial performance was found to be preserved after a repeated bout of EIMD.
    背景与目标: 目的:这项研究检查了在进行大量肌肉破坏性锻炼之前的两周内是否进行了小容量运动诱发的肌肉损伤(EIMD),以防止其对跑步成绩的不利影响。
    方法:将十六名男性参与者随机分为小剂量(五组,每组十个蹲,n = 8)或大容量(十组,每组十个蹲,n = 8)EIMD组,并完成肌肉酸痛,膝关节基线测量伸肌扭矩,肌酸激酶(CK),5分钟固定强度跑步运动和3公里跑步时间试验。 EIMD后24和48 h重复测量,并在48 h后进行运行时间试验。两周后,两组重复基线测量,十组十下蹲和相同的随访测试(第2轮)。
    结果:数据分析显示,EIMD初次发作后24-48小时,肌肉酸痛和CK升高,膝部伸肌扭矩降低。在EIMD发作1到24-48小时后的固定强度跑步过程中,观察到了摄氧量的增加[公式:参见文本],分钟通气量[公式:参见文本]和感觉到的劳累等级。见文字]在EIMD后48小时的3公里跑步时间内减少。 EIMD的症状,在固定强度下的反应以及跑步时间的试验在初次发作后2周反复进行大剂量EIMD发作后的几天中减弱。
    结论:这项研究表明,小批量EIMD对随后大批量EIMD的保护作用可以转移到耐力运动上。此外,发现在反复进行EIMD反复试验后,仍保留了时间试验性能。
  • 【张力描记法评估偏心运动引起的肘屈肌损伤。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.01.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hunter AM,Galloway SD,Smith IJ,Tallent J,Ditroilo M,Fairweather MM,Howatson G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) impairs maximal torque production which can cause a decline in athletic performance and/or mobility. EIMD is commonly assessed by using maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), creatine kinase (CK) and muscle soreness. We propose as an additional technique, tensiomyography (TMG), recently introduced to measure mechanical and muscle contractile characteristics. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of TMG in detecting changes in maximal torque following EIMD. Nineteen participants performed eccentric elbow flexions to achieve EIMD on the non- dominant arm and used the dominant elbow flexor as a control. TMG parameters, MVC and rate of torque development (RTD) were measured prior to EIMD and repeated for another six consecutive days. Creatine kinase, muscle soreness and limb girth were also measured during this period. Twenty four hours after inducing EIMD, MVC torque, RTD and TMG maximal displacement had significantly (p<0.01) declined by 37%, 44% and 31%, respectively. By day 6 MVC, RTD and TMG recovered to 12%, 24% and 17% of respective pre-EIMD values. In conclusion, as hypothesised TMG maximal displacement significantly followed other standard EIMD responses. This could therefore be useful in detecting muscle damage from impaired muscle function and its recovery following EIMD.
    背景与目标: :运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)会损害最大扭矩产生,这可能会导致运动成绩和/或活动能力下降。 EIMD通常通过使用最大自愿收缩(MVC),肌酸激酶(CK)和肌肉酸痛来评估。我们提议作为一项新技术,最近引入张力描记术(TMG)来测量机械和肌肉的收缩特性。这项研究的目的是确定TMG在EIMD后检测最大扭矩变化中的有效性。 19名参与者进行了偏心肘屈肌以在非优势臂上获得EIMD,并使用优势肘屈肌作为对照。在EIMD之前先测量TMG参数,MVC和扭矩产生率(RTD),然后连续六天重复测量。在此期间还测量了肌酸激酶,肌肉酸痛和肢体围长。诱导EIMD后二十四小时,MVC扭矩,RTD和TMG最大位移分别显着(p <0.01)分别下降了37%,44%和31%。到第6天,MVC,RTD和TMG分别恢复到各自的EIMD前值的12%,24%和17%。总之,由于假设的TMG最大位移明显遵循其他标准EIMD响应。因此,这对于检测由肌肉功能受损引起的肌肉损伤及其在EIMD后的恢复可能很有用。
  • 【消耗的牛奶量对运动引起的肌肉损伤减轻的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00421-011-2288-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cockburn E,Robson-Ansley P,Hayes PR,Stevenson E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) leads to decrements in muscle performance, increases in intramuscular proteins and delayed-onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). Previous research demonstrated that one litre of milk-based protein-carbohydrate (CHO) consumed immediately following muscle damaging exercise can limit changes in markers of EIMD possibly due to attenuating protein degradation and/or increasing protein synthesis. If the attenuation of EIMD is derived from changes in protein metabolism then it can be hypothesised that consuming a smaller volume of CHO and protein will elicit similar effects. Three independent matched groups of 8 males consumed 500 mL of milk, 1,000 mL of milk or a placebo immediately following muscle damaging exercise. Passive and active DOMS, isokinetic muscle performance, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin and interleukin-6 were assessed immediately before and 24, 48 and 72 h after EIMD. After 72 h 1,000 mL of milk had a likely benefit for limiting decrements in peak torque compared to the placebo. After 48 h, 1,000 mL of milk had a very likely benefit of limiting increases in CK in comparison to the placebo. There were no differences between consuming 500 or 1,000 mL of milk for changes in peak torque and CK. In conclusion, decrements in isokinetic muscle performance and increases in CK can be limited with the consumption of 500 mL of milk.
    背景与目标: 运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)导致肌肉性能下降,肌内蛋白增加和肌肉酸痛(DOMS)延迟发作。先前的研究表明,肌肉破坏性运动后立即食用一升基于牛奶的蛋白质碳水化合物(CHO),可以限制EIMD标记的变化,这可能是由于蛋白质降解减弱和/或蛋白质合成增加所致。如果EIMD的衰减是由于蛋白质代谢的变化引起的,则可以假设食用较少量的CHO和蛋白质会引起类似的效果。三个独立的匹配组(每组8位男性)在破坏肌肉的运动后立即饮用500 mL牛奶,1,000 mL牛奶或安慰剂。在EIMD之前和之后24、48和72 h评估被动和主动DOMS,等速运动肌性能,肌酸激酶(CK),肌红蛋白和白介素6。 72小时后,与安慰剂相比,1,000 mL牛奶可能有助于限制峰值扭矩的降低。 48小时后,与安慰剂相比,1,000 mL牛奶非常有可能限制CK的增加。摄入500或1,000 mL牛奶的峰值扭矩和CK变化无差异。总之,可以通过消耗500毫升牛奶来限制等速肌性能的下降和CK的增加。
  • 【反复进行短跑运动后,A2牛奶可增强动态肌肉功能,这可能是对A1蛋白耐受性运动员的助剂吗?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3390/nu9020094 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kirk B,Mitchell J,Jackson M,Amirabdollahian F,Alizadehkhaiyat O,Clifford T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Hyperaminoacidemia following ingestion of cows-milk may stimulate muscle anabolism and attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, as dairy-intolerant athletes do not obtain the reported benefits from milk-based products, A2 milk may offer a suitable alternative as it lacks the A1-protein. This study aimed to determine the effect of A2 milk on recovery from a sports-specific muscle damage model. Twenty-one male team sport players were allocated to three independent groups: A2 milk (n = 7), regular milk (n = 7), and placebo (PLA) (n = 7). Immediately following muscle-damaging exercise, participants consumed either A2 milk, regular milk or PLA (500 mL each). Visual analogue scale (muscle soreness), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20-m sprint were measured prior to and 24, 48, and 72 h post EIMD. At 48 h post-EIMD, CMJ and 20-m sprint recovered quicker in A2 (33.4 ± 6.6 and 3.3 ± 0.1, respectively) and regular milk (33.1 ± 7.1 and 3.3 ± 0.3, respectively) vs. PLA (29.2 ± 3.6 and 3.6 ± 0.3, respectively) (p < 0.05). Relative to baseline, decrements in 48 h CMJ and 20-m sprint were minimised in A2 (by 7.2 and 5.1%, respectively) and regular milk (by 6.3 and 5.2%, respectively) vs. PLA. There was a trend for milk treatments to attenuate decrements in MVIC, however statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.069). Milk treatments had no apparent effect on muscle soreness (p = 0.152). Following muscle-damaging exercise, ingestion of 500 mL of A2 or regular milk can limit decrements in dynamic muscle function in male athletes, thus hastening recovery and improving subsequent performance. The findings propose A2 milk as an ergogenic aid following EIMD, and may offer an alternative to athletes intolerant to the A1 protein.
    背景与目标: :摄入牛乳后的高氨基酸血症可能会刺激肌肉合成代谢并减轻运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)。但是,由于不能耐受乳制品的运动员无法从基于牛奶的产品中获得报道的好处,因此A2牛奶可能会提供合适的替代品,因为它缺少A1蛋白。这项研究旨在确定A2牛奶对特定运动造成的肌肉损伤模型恢复的影响。 21名男性团体运动运动员被分为三个独立的组:A2牛奶(n = 7),普通牛奶(n = 7)和安慰剂(PLA)(n = 7)。肌肉破坏性运动后,参与者立即食用A2牛奶,普通牛奶或PLA(每份500毫升)。在EIMD之前和之后24小时,48小时和72小时,测量视觉模拟量表(肌肉酸痛),最大自发等距收缩(MVIC),反向运动跳跃(CMJ)和20米短跑。 EIMD后48小时,AJ(分别为33.4±6.6和3.3±0.1)和普通牛奶(分别为33.1±7.1和3.3±0.3)和PLA(29.2±3.6和0.3)的CMJ和20 m冲刺恢复得更快。分别为3.6±0.3)(p <0.05)。相对于基线,与PLA相比,A2(分别减少7.2和5.1%)和普通牛奶(分别减少6.3和5.2%)使CMJ和48 m sprint的减幅最小。牛奶治疗有减轻MVIC下降的趋势,但未达到统计学显着性(p = 0.069)。牛奶治疗对肌肉酸痛没有明显影响(p = 0.152)。进行破坏性肌肉运动后,摄入500 mL A2或常规牛奶可以限制男性运动员动态肌肉功能的下降,从而加快恢复速度并改善随后的表现。研究结果提出,在EIMD之后,A2牛奶可作为一种促人为作用的辅助剂,并可能为不耐受A1蛋白的运动员提供替代方法。
  • 【补充姜黄素对运动引起的肌肉损伤和迟发性肌肉酸痛后恢复的影响:随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ptr.6912 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fang W,Nasir Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:curcumin consumption may have a protective effect against exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) through stabilization of the cell membrane via inhibition of free radical formation. Evidence supporting a protective role of curcumin after physical activity induced muscle injury in humans, however, it is inconsistent.

    METHODS:Medline, Scopus, and Google scholar were systematically searched up to May 2020. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias was used for assessing the quality of studies. Random effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating the overall effect. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the chi-squared and I2 statistic.

    RESULTS:The results revealed a significant effect of curcumin supplementation on reducing creatine kinase (CK) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -48.54 IU.L-1 ; 95% CI: -80.667, -16.420; p = .003) and muscle soreness index decrease (WMD = -0.476; 95% CI: -0.750, -0.202; p = .001). Moreover, a subgroup analysis resulted in a significant decrease in CK concentrations and muscle soreness index, according to follow-ups after exercise, dose of curcumin, duration of studies, exercise type, train status and study design.

    CONCLUSIONS:The current evidence revealed a efficacy of curcumin in reducing CK serum levels and muscle soreness index among adults. Therefore, curcumin may be known as a priority EIMD recovery agent in interventions.

    背景与目标: 背景:姜黄素的摄入可能通过抑制自由基的形成来稳定细胞膜,从而对运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)具有保护作用。有证据支持姜黄素在体育锻炼引起人的肌肉损伤后具有保护作用,但并不一致。

    方法:对截至5月的Medline,Scopus和Google Scholar进行了系统地搜索2020年。用于评估偏倚风险的Cochrane协作工具用于评估研究质量。随机效应模型,加权平均差异(WMD)和95%置信区间(CI)用于估计总体效应。使用卡方和I2统计量评估研究之间的异质性。

    结果:结果表明,姜黄素补充对降低肌酸激酶(CK)有显着影响(加权平均差异) [WMD] = -48.54 IU.L-1; 95%CI:-80.667,-16.420; p = 0.003;肌肉酸痛指数降低(WMD = -0.476; 95%CI:-0.750,-0.202; p = .001)。此外,根据运动后的随访情况,姜黄素剂量,研究时间,运动类型,训练状态和研究设计,亚组分析导致CK浓度和肌肉酸痛指数显着降低。

    < strong>结论:目前的证据表明姜黄素可降低成年人的CK血清水平和肌肉酸痛指数。因此,姜黄素可能被称为干预措施中的优先EIMD恢复剂。

  • 【活跃女性在3天下坡跑步中的炎症和免疫反应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.14715/cmb/2017.63.7.13 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jafariyan S,Monazzami A,Nikousefat Z,Nobahar M,Yari K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is accompanied by inflammatory and immune responses. However, due to the repeated bout effect, there will probably be less EIMD. Hence, the purpose was to investigate inflammatory and immune responses over a three-day period of downhill running in active females. Eleven moderately trained healthy females performed three 60-minute bouts of downhill running in -13.5% grade, separated by 24 hours, at a speed eliciting 70-80% of their VO2peak on level grade. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), range of motion (ROM) and maximum knee isotonic strength (1RM) were measured pre- and two-hour post every bout. Blood variables, including CBC, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), IL-10, IL-6 and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured at 1 hour before the first bout and two hours after every bout. Data was analysed by repeated measure ANOVA (P<0.05). Although CK, LDH, Mb, IL-10, IL-6, MCP-1, total leukocyte count, monocytes and neutrophils increased significantly following the first bout, CK, LDH, Mb, IL-10, monocytes and neutrophils were only significantly higher following the third bout compared to the baseline (all P<0.05). Moreover, IL-10 and IL-6 decreased following the second and third bouts compared to the first bout (P<0.05). In comparison with the baseline, lymphocytes decreased after the second bout, DOMS increased following the second and third bouts, 1RM decreased following the first and second bouts (all P<0.05). ROM showed no significant difference. The three-day period of downhill running did not exacerbate EIMD and inflammatory response was partly attenuated.
    背景与目标: :运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)伴有炎症和免疫反应。但是,由于重复的回合效应,EIMD可能会减少。因此,目的是研究活跃女性在下坡跑步三天后的炎症反应和免疫反应。十一名接受过中等训练的健康女性在-13.5%的坡度上进行了三场60分钟的下坡跑,间隔24小时,其速度导致其VO2peak达到水平水平的70-80%。每次发作前和发作后两小时测量延迟发作的肌肉酸痛(DOMS),运动范围(ROM)和最大膝部等张强度(1RM)。在首次检查前1小时测量了包括CBC,血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK),肌红蛋白(Mb),IL-10,IL-6和单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)在内的血液变量。回合和每次回合后两个小时。通过重复测量ANOVA分析数据(P <0.05)。尽管第一次发作后CK,LDH,Mb,IL-10,IL-6,MCP-1,总白细胞计数,单核细胞和中性粒细胞显着增加,但CK,LDH,Mb,IL-10,单核细胞和中性粒细胞仅显着升高与基线相比,在第三次回合之后(所有P <0.05)。此外,与第一次发作相比,第二次和第三次发作后IL-10和IL-6降低(P <0.05)。与基线相比,第二次发作后淋巴细胞减少,第二次和第三次发作后DOMS增加,第一次和第二次发作后1RM降低(所有P <0.05)。 ROM没有显着差异。三天的下坡跑步不会加剧EIMD,并且炎症反应会部分减弱。
  • 【MR弹性成像测量偏心运动前被动预热对大腿肌肉力学性能的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/jmri.25642 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kennedy P,Macgregor LJ,Barnhill E,Johnson CL,Perrins M,Hunter A,Brown C,van Beek EJR,Roberts N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of warmup by application of the thermal agent Deep Heat (DH) on muscle mechanical properties using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) at 3T before and after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty male participants performed an individualized protocol designed to induce EIMD in the quadriceps. DH was applied to the thigh in 50% of the participants before exercise. MRE, T2 -weighted MRI, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), creatine kinase (CK) concentration, and muscle soreness were measured before and after the protocol to assess EIMD effects. Five participants were excluded: four having not experienced EIMD and one due to incidental findings. RESULTS:Total workload performed during the EIMD protocol was greater in the DH group than the control group (P < 0.03), despite no significant differences in baseline MVC (P = 0.23). Shear stiffness |G*| increased in the rectus femoris (RF) muscle in both groups (P < 0.03); however, DH was not a significant between-group factor (P =  0.15). MVC values returned to baseline faster in the DH group (5 days) than the control group (7 days). Participants who displayed hyperintensity on T2 -weighted images had a greater stiffness increase following damage than those without: RF; 0.61 kPa vs. 0.15 kPa, P < 0.006, vastus intermedius; 0.34 kPa vs. 0.03 kPa, P = 0.06. CONCLUSION:EIMD produces increased muscle stiffness as measured by MRE, with the change in |G*| significantly increased when T2 hyperintensity was present. DH did not affect CK concentration or soreness; however, DH participants produced greater workload during the EIMD protocol and exhibited accelerated MVC recovery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1115-1127.
    背景与目标: 目的:研究在运动诱发的肌肉损伤(EIMD)前后,在3T时使用磁共振弹性成像(MRE)来施加热剂深热(DH)对肌肉力学性能的热身作用。
    材料与方法:二十名男性受试者进行了个性化设计,旨在诱发股四头肌EIMD。在运动前,将DH应用于50%的参与者的大腿上。在评估EIMD效果之前和之后,测量了MRE,T2加权MRI,最大自愿收缩(MVC),肌酸激酶(CK)浓度和肌肉酸痛。五名参与者被排除在外:四名未经历过EIMD,一名因偶然发现。
    结果:尽管基线MVC无显着差异(P = 0.23),但DH组在EIMD方案期间执行的总工作量大于对照组(P <0.03)。剪切刚度| G * |两组的股直肌(RF)肌肉均增加(P <0.03);然而,DH不是一个显着的组间因素(P = 0.15)。在DH组(5天)中,MVC值返回基线的速度比对照组(7天)更快。与没有以下情况的参与者相比,在T2加权图像上表现出高强度的参与者在受到损伤后的刚度增加更大。 0.61 kPa和0.15 kPa,P <0.006,中间臀大肌; 0.34 kPa对0.03 kPa,P = 0.06。
    结论:通过| MRE测量,EIMD产生增加的肌肉僵硬度,| G * |的变化。存在T2高强度时,血红蛋白显着增加。 DH不影响CK浓度或酸痛;但是,DH参与者在EIMD协议期间产生了更大的工作量,并表现出加速的MVC恢复。
    证据级别:1技术效力:第2阶段。雷森成像2017; 46:1115-1127。
  • 【在有或没有运动引起的肌肉损伤的情况下进行的下坡步行训练同样会增加膝盖伸肌的力量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/02640414.2016.1149607 复制DOI
    作者列表:Maeo S,Yamamoto M,Kanehisa H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study examined whether avoiding or experiencing exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) influences strength gain after downhill walking training. Healthy young males performed treadmill downhill walking (gradient: -28%, velocity: 5 km · h(-1) and load: 10% of body mass) 1 session per week for four weeks using either a ramp-up protocol (n = 16), where exercise duration was gradually increased from 10 to 30, 50 and 70 min over four sessions, or a constant protocol (n = 14), where exercise duration was 40 min for all four sessions. Indirect markers of EIMD were measured throughout the training period. Maximal knee extension torque in eccentric (-1.05 rad·s(-1)), isometric and concentric (1.05 rad·s(-1)) conditions were measured at pre- and post-training. The ramp-up group showed no indications of EIMD throughout the training period (e.g., plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity: always <185 U · L(-1)) while EIMD was evident after the first session in the constant group (CK: peak 485 U · L(-1)). Both groups significantly increased maximal knee extension torque in all conditions with greater gains in eccentric (ramp-up: +19%, constant: +21%) than isometric (+16%, +15%) and concentric (+12%, +10%) strength without any significant group-difference. The current results suggest that EIMD can be avoided by the ramp-up protocol and is not a major determinant of training-induced strength gain.
    背景与目标: :这项研究检查了下坡步行训练后避免或经历运动引起的肌肉损伤(EIMD)是否会影响力量增长。健康的年轻男性在跑步机上进行下坡步行(坡度:-28%,速度:5 km·h(-1),负荷:体重的10%),每周一次,每次1次,为期四周,采用增加训练方案(n = 16),运动时间在四个疗程中从10分钟逐渐增加到30分钟,50和70分钟,或恒定协议(n = 14),其中四个疗程的运动持续时间均为40分钟。在整个训练期间,都对EIMD的间接指标进行了测量。在训练前和训练后,在偏心(-1.05 rad·s(-1)),等距和同心(1.05 rad·s(-1))条件下测量最大膝盖伸展扭矩。稳定组在整个训练期间均未显示EIMD的征兆(例如血浆肌酸激酶(CK)活性:始终<185 U·L(-1)),而在恒定组(CK)的第一次训练后,EIMD明显:峰值485 U·L(-1))。两组均在所有情况下显着增加最大膝关节伸展扭矩,偏心肌(斜率:19%,常数:21%)比等轴测力(16%,15%)和同心力(12%,10%)要大得多显着的群体差异。目前的结果表明,可以通过增加规程避免EIMD,它不是训练诱发的力量增加的主要决定因素。

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