• 【来自“进化峡谷”的酿酒酵母自然种群中的分子遗传生物多样性:微卫星多态性,倍性和有争议的性状态。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1534/genetics.106.062745 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ezov TK,Boger-Nadjar E,Frenkel Z,Katsperovski I,Kemeny S,Nevo E,Korol A,Kashi Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The yeast S. cerevisiae is a central model organism in eukaryotic cell studies and a major component in many food and biotechnological industrial processes. However, the wide knowledge regarding genetics and molecular biology of S. cerevisiae is based on an extremely narrow range of strains. Studies of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, not associated with human activities or industrial fermentation environments, are very few. We isolated a panel of S. cerevisiae strains from a natural microsite, "Evolution Canyon" at Mount Carmel, Israel, and studied their genomic biodiversity. Analysis of 19 microsatellite loci revealed high allelic diversity and variation in ploidy level across the panel, from diploids to tetraploids, confirmed by flow cytometry. No significant differences were found in the level of microsatellite variation between strains derived from the major localities or microniches, whereas strains of different ploidy showed low similarity in allele content. Maximum genetic diversity was observed among diploids and minimum among triploids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clonal, rather than sexual, structure of the triploid and tetraploid subpopulations. Viability tests in tetrad analysis also suggest that clonal reproduction may predominate in the polyploid subpopulations.
    背景与目标: :酿酒酵母是真核细胞研究中的中心模型生物,在许多食品和生物技术工业过程中都是主要成分。但是,关于酿酒酵母的遗传学和分子生物学的广泛知识是基于非常狭窄的菌株。与人类活动或工业发酵环境无关的酿酒酵母自然种群研究很少。我们从以色列卡梅尔山的天然微型站点“进化峡谷”中分离出一组酿酒酵母菌株,并研究了它们的基因组生物多样性。对19个微卫星基因座的分析显示,从二倍体到四倍体,整个等位基因组中的高等位基因多样性和倍性水平存在差异,这已通过流式细胞仪进行了确认。在来自主要地区或微生态位的菌株之间,微卫星变异水平没有发现显着差异,而具有不同倍性的菌株在等位基因含量上的相似性很低。在二倍体中观察到最大的遗传多样性,而在三倍体中观察到了最小的遗传多样性。系统发育分析显示三倍体和四倍体亚群的克隆结构,而不是有性结构。四元分析中的生存力测试还表明,在多倍体亚群中克隆繁殖可能占主导地位。
  • 2 Vitamin nutritional status in Italy. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【意大利的维生素营养状况。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/00008469-199703001-00002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Maiani G,D'Amicis A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: In almost all countries, the critical point for defining the nutritional status of a population is represented by the poor source of representative data of the whole population or of the main subgroups of the population. Also, in Italy, the sources of data on the nutritional status of biochemically evaluated macro- and micronutrients are scant in relation to specific groups of the population, mainly children and the elderly. In this short review, only the nutritional status for vitamins is considered. The existing limited data, however, indicate that clinical signs of severe deficiency are not observed in Italy and the incidence of vitamin malnutrition is moderate. This is probably due to the large availability and variety of food and to Italian eating habits which reflect the typical Mediterranean dietrich, for example, in cereals, fresh fruit and vegetables, and olive oil. However, there are particular conditions, linked to lifestyle, in which the risk of a mild or moderate vitamin malnutrition increases. These include a monotonous diet, drug interactions, smoking habits and alcohol consumption.

    背景与目标: 在几乎所有国家中,界定人口营养状况的关键点是整个人口或人口主要子群体代表性数据的来源不多。同样,在意大利,与生化评估的大量和微量营养素的营养状况有关的数据来源相对于特定人群(主要是儿童和老年人)而言很少。在这篇简短的评论中,仅考虑了维生素的营养状况。然而,现有的有限数据表明,在意大利未观察到严重缺乏的临床迹象,维生素营养不良的发生率中等。这可能是由于食物的可获得性和种类繁多以及意大利人的饮食习惯,这些饮食习惯反映了典型的地中海饮食,例如谷物,新鲜水果和蔬菜以及橄榄油中的饮食。但是,在与生活方式相关的某些特殊条件下,轻度或中度维生素营养不良的风险会增加。这些包括单调饮食,药物相互作用,吸烟习惯和饮酒。

  • 【舒张颈动脉纵向壁运动对衰老和冠状动脉疾病状态均敏感,而与动脉僵硬度无关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.04.026 复制DOI
    作者列表:Au JS,Valentino SE,McPhee PG,MacDonald MJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We investigated the ability of systolic and diastolic carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) to delineate expected differences in arterial health in individuals representing a range of both age and health status. We recruited 161 younger healthy adults (aged 24 ± 5 y), 51 older healthy adults (aged 70 ± 5 y) and 14 adults with coronary artery disease (aged 67 ± 8 y) for resting assessment of CALM and arterial stiffness. All CALM parameters were reduced in the old healthy adults and adults with coronary artery disease compared with the young healthy adults (p < 0.01), with diastolic velocity and maximum diastolic acceleration being further reduced in the adults with coronary artery disease than in the older healthy adults (p < 0.01). Diastolic CALM parameters were more strongly related to age (β range: -0.46 to -0.53) than systolic CALM parameters (β range: -0.24 to -0.44). In contrast to previous examinations of a variety of CALM parameters, diastolic CALM may provide superior promise in terms of characterizing arterial wall properties, with additional sensitivity to cardiovascular disease status.
    背景与目标: :我们研究了代表年龄和健康状况范围的个体的收缩和舒张颈动脉纵向壁运动(CALM)描绘动脉健康预期差异的能力。我们招募了161名较年轻的健康成年人(24岁±5岁),51名较健康的成年人(70±5岁)和14名患有冠心病的成年人(67±8岁)进行了CALM和动脉僵硬度的静息评估。与年轻健康成年人相比,老年健康成年人和患有冠状动脉疾病的成年人的所有CALM参数均降低(p <0.01),与老年健康成年人相比,冠状动脉疾病的成年人的舒张速度和最大舒张加速进一步降低成人(p <0.01)。舒张期CALM参数与年龄(β范围:-0.46至-0.53)的相关性比收缩期CALM参数(β范围:-0.24至-0.44)更密切。与以前对各种CALM参数的检查相比,舒张期CALM在表征动脉壁特性方面可能具有更好的前景,并且对心血管疾病的状态更加敏感。
  • 【HIV-1血清流行的北印度人中TIM-1外显子4单倍型和CD4 T细胞计数的状态。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2012.11.013 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sharma G,Ohtani H,Kaur G,Naruse TK,Sharma SK,Vajpayee M,Kimura A,Mehra N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The TIM (T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin and mucin) proteins are crucial regulators of Th1/Th2 immune responses and have been implicated in several diseases including HIV-1/AIDS. The TIM1 exon 4 that codes for mucin domain is highly diverse, with sequence variants associated with varying phenotypes. In this study, TIM1 exon 4 was sequenced among 227 HIV-1 seroprevalent and 288 healthy non infected individuals from North Indian population and haplotypes established. A novel but rare haplotype D1(∗) was identified among the healthy and differed from D1 by a synonymous substitution G>T at Thr208Thr. The TIM1 haplotype diversity showed no association with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The seroprevalent individuals carrying D3A had relatively higher median CD4+T cell counts (368/μl) than those without (313/μl; p=0.02). A comparison of CD4+T counts between D3-A individuals on ART or ART naïve did not show any significant difference plausibly due to confounding nature of ART and other factors.
    背景与目标: TIM(T细胞/跨膜,免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白)蛋白是Th1 / Th2免疫反应的关键调节剂,并与包括HIV-1 / AIDS在内的多种疾病有关。编码粘蛋白结构域的TIM1外显子4高度多样化,具有与不同表型相关的序列变体。在这项研究中,TIM1外显子4在来自北印度人口的227个HIV-1血清流行和288个健康的未感染个体中进行了测序,并建立了单倍型。在健康人群中鉴定出一种新颖但罕见的单倍型D1(∗),与D1的区别在于在Thr208Thr处的同义替代G> T。 TIM1单倍型多样性表明与HIV-1感染的易感性无关。携带D3A的血清流行个体的CD4 T细胞计数中位数相对较高(不含313 /μl; p = 0.02)。由于ART和其他因素的混杂,D3-A个体或未接受过ART的D3-A个体之间CD4 T计数的比较似乎没有显示任何显着差异。
  • 【抗坏血酸:对铁缺乏的年轻妇女正在进行的铁吸收和状态的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/ajcn/51.4.649 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hunt JR,Mullen LM,Lykken GI,Gallagher SK,Nielsen FH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effect of ascorbic acid on iron retention from a diet with predicted low iron bioavailability (containing minimal meat and ascorbic acid) was investigated in iron-depleted premenopausal women. Eleven women were depleted of storage iron (indicated by serum ferritin) through a combination of diet (5.0 mg Fe/2000 kcal for 67-88 d) and phlebotomy. They then consumed a diet containing 13.7 mg Fe/2000 kcal, supplemented with placebo or ascorbic acid three times daily (1500 mg total) with meals for 5.5 wk. Ascorbic acid improved apparent iron absorption (balance method) [38 +/- 2% (means +/- SEM) vs 27 +/- 2%]. Ascorbic acid also improved hemoglobin, erythrocyte protoporphyrins, and serum iron but not hematocrit, serum ferritin, iron-binding capacity, or transferrin saturation. In iron-depleted women consuming a diet with predicted poor iron availability, ascorbic acid supplementation enhanced body iron retention for 5.5 wk.
    背景与目标: :在缺铁的绝经前妇女中研究了抗坏血酸对铁的生物滞留量具有预期低铁含量(含少量肉和抗坏血酸)的饮食中铁保留的影响。通过饮食(5.0 mg Fe / 2000 kcal,67-88 d)和静脉放血相结合,耗尽了11名妇女的铁储备(以血清铁蛋白表示)。然后,他们进食了含有13.7 mg Fe / 2000 kcal的饮食,每天补充3次(共1500 mg)安慰剂或抗坏血酸,每顿5.5周。抗坏血酸改善了表观铁的吸收(平衡法)[38 /-2%(平均值/-SEM)对27 /-2%]。抗坏血酸还可以改善血红蛋白,红血球原卟啉和血清铁,但不能改善血细胞比容,血清铁蛋白,铁结合能力或转铁蛋白饱和度。在饮食中铁含量低的女性中,铁的可利用性预计较差,补充抗坏血酸可增加体内铁保持5.5周。
  • 【咖啡因对血压正常健康年轻人运动过程中血压反应的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(90)91435-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sung BH,Lovallo WR,Pincomb GA,Wilson MF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The possible combined effects of caffeine and exercise on blood pressure (BP) regulation were examined in 34 healthy, normotensive (BP less than 135/85 mm Hg) young men (mean age 27 +/- 3 years) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design. Each subject performed submaximal and symptom-limited maximal supine bicycle exercise 1 hour apart after ingestion of placebo or caffeine (3.3 mg/kg). Heart rate, BP, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were compared for placebo and caffeine days. Postdrug baseline showed that caffeine increased systolic and diastolic BP and peripheral vascular resistance (p less than 0.001 for each) and decreased heart rate (p less than 0.01) but did not change stroke volume or cardiac output. BP and vascular resistance effects of caffeine remained during submaximal exercise resulting in an additive increase in BP while negative chronotropic effects of caffeine disappeared. At maximal exercise substantially more subjects (15 on caffeine vs 7 on placebo, p less than 0.02) had systolic BP greater than or equal to 230 mm Hg and/or greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg for diastolic BP. Plasma norepinephrine levels were not significantly different across days, but epinephrine was higher at maximal exercise and cortisol was increased post-drug and throughout maximal exercise on caffeine days. Data indicate that caffeine increases BP additively during submaximal exercise and may cause excessive BP responses at maximal exercise for some individuals. The pressor effects of caffeine appear to be due to increasing vascular resistance rather than cardiac output.
    背景与目标: :在安慰剂对照下,对34名健康,血压正常(血压低于135/85 mm Hg的年轻人)(平均年龄27 /-3岁)中的咖啡因和运动对血压(BP)调节的可能联合作用进行了研究,双盲交叉设计。服用安慰剂或咖啡因(3.3 mg / kg)后,每位受试者间隔1小时进行次最大和症状受限的最大仰卧自行车运动。比较安慰剂和咖啡因天的心率,血压,心输出量和外周血管阻力。药物后基线显示,咖啡因可增加收缩压和舒张压以及外周血管阻力(每个P值均小于0.001)和降低心率(P值均小于0.01),但并未改变中风量或心输出量。在次最大运动量下,咖啡因的血压和血管阻力作用仍然存在,从而导致血压增加,而咖啡因的负变时效作用消失了。在最大程度的运动中,更多受试者(咖啡因为15,安慰剂为7,p小于0.02)的收缩压大于或等于230 mm Hg和/或舒张压大于或等于100 mm Hg。血浆去甲肾上腺素水平在各天之间无显着差异,但在最大运动量时,肾上腺素较高,而在咖啡因日后和整个最大运动量中,皮质醇增加。数据表明,咖啡因在次最大运动量时会增加BP,并且可能对某些个体在最大运动量时导致过度的BP反应。咖啡因的升压作用似乎是由于血管阻力增加而非心输出量增加所致。
  • 【肥胖男性中大剂量白藜芦醇的补充:一项由研究人员发起,随机,安慰剂对照的底物代谢,胰岛素敏感性和身体成分的临床试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2337/db12-0975 复制DOI
    作者列表:Poulsen MM,Vestergaard PF,Clasen BF,Radko Y,Christensen LP,Stødkilde-Jørgensen H,Møller N,Jessen N,Pedersen SB,Jørgensen JO
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia constitute risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality. Based on animal and in vitro studies, resveratrol reverts these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), but data in human subjects are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of high-dose resveratrol in obese human subjects. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group design, 24 obese but otherwise healthy men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of resveratrol or placebo treatment. Extensive metabolic examinations including assessment of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) were performed before and after the treatment. Insulin sensitivity, the primary outcome measure, deteriorated insignificantly in both groups. Endogenous glucose production and the turnover and oxidation rates of glucose remained unchanged. Resveratrol supplementation also had no effect on blood pressure; resting energy expenditure; oxidation rates of lipid; ectopic or visceral fat content; or inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. The lack of effect disagrees with persuasive data obtained from rodent models and raises doubt about the justification of resveratrol as a human nutritional supplement in metabolic disorders.
    背景与目标: 肥胖,糖尿病,高血压和高脂血症是发病率和过早死亡的危险因素。根据动物和体外研究,白藜芦醇通过刺激无声交配类型信息调节2同源物1(SIRT1)来逆转这些危险因素,但人类受试者的数据却很少。这项研究的目的是检查高剂量白藜芦醇在肥胖人类受试者中的代谢作用。在随机,安慰剂对照,双盲和平行组设计中,将24名肥胖但其他方面健康的男性随机分配到白藜芦醇或安慰剂治疗4周。在治疗之前和之后进行了广泛的代谢检查,包括评估葡萄糖更新和胰岛素敏感性(高胰岛素正常血糖钳夹)。两组的主要结果指标胰岛素敏感性均无显着性恶化。内源性葡萄糖的产生以及葡萄糖的周转率和氧化率保持不变。补充白藜芦醇对血压也没有影响。静息能量消耗;脂质的氧化速率;异位或内脏脂肪含量;或炎症和代谢生物标志物。缺乏效果与从啮齿动物模型获得的有说服力的数据不同,并引起人们对白藜芦醇作为代谢障碍中人类营养补充剂的合理性的怀疑。
  • 【对转移到区域烧伤中心的患者进行的结果分析:转移状态不会影响生存。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.001 复制DOI
    作者列表:Klein MB,Nathens AB,Heimbach DM,Gibran NS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Optimal burn care is provided at specialized burn centers. Given the geographic location of these centers, many burn patients receive initial treatment at local emergency departments prior to transfer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients transferred from other facilities have worse outcomes than those admitted directly from the field. STUDY DESIGN:A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing the outcomes of patients admitted to our burn center directly from the field with patients requiring transfer from a preliminary care facility. The outcomes of interest were mortality, length of stay, length of stay/TBSA burned, number of operations and hospital charges. Poisson regression or Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate differences in outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS:From 2000 to 2003 a total of 1877 patients were admitted to our burn center and 953 (51%) were transferred from a preliminary care facility. No difference (p<0.05) was found in length of stay, number of operations, hospital charges and mortality between the two cohorts. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that patients transferred to a regional burn center from local hospitals have equivalent mortality, length of stay and hospital charges as those admitted directly from the field.
    背景与目标: 背景:在专门的烧伤中心提供最佳烧伤护理。考虑到这些中心的地理位置,许多烧伤患者在转移之前会先在当地急诊科接受初步治疗。这项研究的目的是确定从其他机构转移来的患者是否比直接从现场接受的患者具有更差的结局。
    研究设计:进行了一项回顾性队列研究,比较了直接从现场进入我们烧伤中心的患者与需要从初级保健机构转诊的患者的结局。感兴趣的结果是死亡率,住院时间,住院时间/ TBSA烧伤,手术次数和医院费用。泊松回归或Cox比例风险模型用于评估潜在混杂因素后评估结局的差异。
    结果:从2000年到2003年,共有1877名患者被收录到我们的烧伤中心,其中953名(51%)从初级护理机构转入了治疗。两组的住院时间,手术次数,住院费用和死亡率均无差异(p <0.05)。
    结论:这项研究表明,从当地医院转移到区域烧伤中心的患者的死亡率,住院时间和住院费用与直接从现场住院的患者相同。
  • 【男性乳腺癌中ERBB2基因状态和17号染色​​体异常的评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/01.pas.0000213354.72638.bd 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fonseca RR,Tomás AR,André S,Soares J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon neoplasm that shares several biologic characteristics with its female counterpart. In the latter, abnormalities in the expression and/or copy number of the ERBB2 gene are present in 10% to 30% of invasive carcinoma and behave as poor prognostic markers. ERBB2 abnormalities have also been reported in MBC, yet at lower frequency, but their prognostic significance remains controversial. Furthermore, no study has addressed the impact of chromosome 17 abnormalities in MBC survival. In this study, the ERBB2-gene status (overexpression and amplification) and chromosome 17 numerical abnormalities were investigated in a series of 50 archival cases of MBC. The results, together with patient's age, histologic grade, pathologic stage, and estrogen receptor status were correlated with overall survival. ERBB2-protein overexpression was present in 7 cases (14%), ERBB2-gene amplification in 4 (8%), and aneuploidy of chromosome 17 in 12 cases (33.3%). The pathologic stage, ERBB2 overexpression and ERBB2 amplification were significantly correlated with overall survival (P=0.002, 0.016, and 0.009, respectively). No correlation was observed between chromosome 17 aneuploidy and overall survival. Therefore, despite their low incidence in MBC, expression abnormalities of ERBB2 behave, together with the pathologic stage of the tumor, as predictors of overall survival, akin to what has been reported for its female counterpart.
    背景与目标: :男性乳腺癌(MBC)是一种罕见的肿瘤,与女性乳腺癌具有某些生物学特性。在后者中,ERBB2基因表达和/或拷贝数异常存在于10%至30%的浸润性癌中,并表现为不良的预后指标。在MBC中也有ERBB2异常的报道,但频率较低,但其预后意义仍存在争议。此外,还没有研究解决17号染色​​体异常对MBC生存的影响。在这项研究中,对一系列50例MBC存档病例中的ERBB2基因状态(过表达和扩增)和17号染色​​体数字异常进行了研究。结果,以及患者的年龄,组织学等级,病理分期和雌激素受体状态与总体生存率相关。 ERBB2蛋白过表达7例(14%),ERBB2基因扩增4例(8%),染色体17的非整倍性12例(33.3%)。病理分期,ERBB2过表达和ERBB2扩增与总生存率显着相关(分别为P = 0.002、0.016和0.009)。在第17号染色​​体非整倍性与总体存活率之间未发现相关性。因此,尽管其在MBC中的发病率较低,但ERBB2的表达异常以及肿瘤的病理阶段仍可作为总体存活率的预测指标,类似于其女性对应物的报道。
  • 【慢性丙型肝炎肝内T细胞的表型和功能状态】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1086/507681 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang J,Holmes TH,de Guevara LL,Cheung R,Wright TL,He XS,Greenberg HB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Polychromatic flow-cytometric assays were used to analyze paired intrahepatic and peripheral lymphocyte samples from 37 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Compared with peripheral cells, intrahepatic T cells were selectively enriched with CD45RO+ memory T cells but had a lower percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing the differentiation markers CD27 and CD28. The percentage of intrahepatic CD45RO+ and CD28+ T cells correlated with the degree of liver inflammation, which suggests that memory T cells at relatively early stages of differentiation are directly involved in liver inflammation. Despite their memory phenotype, intrahepatic T cells were defective in proliferation capability, produced less interferon- gamma in response to stimulation by T cell receptor, and contained less perforin but expressed higher levels of Fas and Fas ligand, compared with their counterparts in peripheral blood. The distinct characteristics of intrahepatic T cells suggest that they play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C.
    背景与目标: :采用多色流式细胞术分析了37例慢性丙型肝炎患者的肝内和外周血淋巴细胞配对样本。与外周血细胞相比,肝内T细胞选择性富集了CD45RO记忆T细胞,但表达CD4 T细胞的百分比较低分化标记CD27和CD28。肝内CD45RO和CD28 T细胞的百分比与肝脏炎症程度相关,这表明处于分化早期的记忆T细胞直接参与肝脏炎症。尽管具有记忆表型,但与外周血中的肝细胞相比,肝内T细胞在T细胞受体的刺激下应答能力较弱,产生的干扰素γ较少,穿孔素含量较低,但表达的Fas和Fas配体水平较高。肝内T细胞的独特特征表明它们在慢性丙型肝炎的免疫发病机制中起着重要作用。
  • 【[CPPD沉积物-老年男性后齿状突间隙的重要鉴别诊断]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-08-01
    来源期刊:Rofo
    DOI:10.1055/s-2007-963184 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schreiter NF,Pflugmacher R,Schröder R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【丙型肝炎肝移植的现状。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1517/14712598.6.10.993 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cameron AM,Busuttil RW
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 3% of the world's population, or approximately 170 million people. Most of those acutely infected progress to chronic infection and are unresponsive to existing antiviral treatment. Over a 20-year period, chronic HCV infection leads to cirrhosis and the sequelae of end-stage liver disease, including hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, variceal haemorrhage and hepatocellular carcinoma. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the optimal treatment for decompensated HCV cirrhosis, but is limited by organ availability and universal graft reinfection. This review discusses the results with OLT for HCV from the Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center and discusses future directions in the management of HCV.
    背景与目标: :丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染了全球3%的人口,约有1.7亿人。大多数急性感染者会发展为慢性感染,并且对现有的抗病毒治疗无反应。在20年的时间里,慢性HCV感染会导致肝硬化和终末期肝病的后遗症,包括肝性脑病,腹水,静脉曲张出血和肝细胞癌。原位肝移植(OLT)是失代偿性HCV肝硬化的最佳治疗方法,但受到器官可用性和通用移植物再感染的限制。这篇综述讨论了Dumont-UCLA肝移植中心使用OLT进行HCV的结果,并讨论了HCV管理的未来方向。
  • 【体重指数对中年男性和绝经后女性载脂蛋白A-I动力学的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.022 复制DOI
    作者列表:Welty FK,Lichtenstein AH,Lamon-Fava S,Schaefer EJ,Marsh JB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effect of body mass index (BMI) and obesity on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels and kinetics was examined by gender. Apo A-I kinetics were determined with a primed, constant infusion of deuterated leucine in the fed state in 19 men and 13 postmenopausal women. Compared with nonobese men, nonobese women had a higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apo A-I due to a 48% higher apo A-I production rate (PR) (P = .05). Obesity had no significant effects on apo A-I kinetics in women. In contrast, compared with nonobese men, obese men had a 9% lower apo A-I level due to a 64% higher fractional catabolic rate (FCR) partially offset by a 47% higher PR. Obese women had a 52% higher HDL-C than obese men (50 vs 33 mg/dL, respectively; P = .012), a finding related to the faster apo A-I FCR in obese men. BMI was directly correlated with apo A-I FCR (r = 0.84, P < .001) and PR (r = 0.79, P < .001) in men but not in women. Sixty-two percent of the variability in PR and 71% of the variability in FCR were due to BMI in men and only 3% and 23%, respectively, in women. In conclusion, BMI has a significant effect on apo A-I PR and FCR in men but not in women.
    背景与目标: :通过性别检查了体重指数(BMI)和肥胖对载脂蛋白(apo)A-I水平和动力学的影响。在19名男性和13名绝经后女性中,在喂食状态下,经初次,恒定输注氘代亮氨酸测定了Apo A-I动力学。与非肥胖男性相比,非肥胖女性具有较高水平的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和载脂蛋白A-I,这是由于载脂蛋白A-I的产生率(PR)升高了48%(P = 0.05)。肥胖对女性的载脂蛋白A-I动力学没有显着影响。相比之下,与非肥胖男性相比,肥胖男性的分解代谢率(FCR)升高了64%,而部分PR被47%的升高所抵消,因此其apo A-I水平降低了9%。肥胖女性的HDL-C比肥胖男性高52%(分别为50和33 mg / dL; P = 0.012),这一发现与肥胖男性的apo A-I FCR更快有关。男性的BMI与apo A-I FCR(r = 0.84,P <.001)和PR(r = 0.79,P <.001)直接相关,而与女性无关。 PR变异性的62%和FCR变异性的71%是由于男性的BMI而引起的,而女性分别仅为3%和23%。总之,BMI对男性的apo A-I PR和FCR有明显影响,而对女性则没有。
  • 【年轻女性的肥胖,骨密度和微结构之间的关系得以维持,而与糖尿病的状况无关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/cen.13410 复制DOI
    作者列表:Abdalrahaman N,McComb C,Foster JE,Lindsay RS,Drummond R,McKay GA,Perry CG,Ahmed SF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The relationship between bone health and adiposity and how it may be affected in people with chronic metabolic conditions is complex. METHODS:Seventeen women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and nine age-matched healthy women with a median age of 22.6 years (range, 17.4, 23.8) were studied by 3T MRI and MR spectroscopy to assess abdominal adiposity, tibial bone microarchitecture and vertebral bone marrow adiposity (BMA). Additional measures included DXA-based assessments of total body (TB), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) and fat mass (FM). RESULTS:Although women with T1DM had similar BMI and BMA to the controls, they had higher visceral and subcutaneous adiposity on MRI (P<.05) and total body FM by DXA (P=.03). Overall, in the whole cohort, a clear inverse association was evident between BMA and BMD at all sites (P<.05). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, BMI, FM and abdominal adiposity. In addition, visceral adiposity, but not subcutaneous adiposity, showed a positive association with BMA (r, .4, P=.03), and a negative association with total body BMD (r, .5, P=.02). Apparent trabecular separation as assessed by MRI showed an inverse association to total body BMD by DXA (r, -.4, P=.04). CONCLUSION:Irrespective of the presence of an underlying metabolic condition, young women display a negative relationship between MRI-measured BMA and DXA-based assessment of BMD. Furthermore, an association between BMA and visceral adiposity supports the notion of a common origin of these two fat depots.
    背景与目标: 背景:在慢性代谢疾病患者中,骨骼健康与肥胖之间的关系及其可能受到的影响是复杂的。
    方法:通过3T MRI和MR光谱法研究了17位1型糖尿病(T1DM)妇女和9位年龄相匹配的健康女性(中位年龄为22.6岁,范围分别为17.4、23.8),以评估腹部肥胖,胫骨微结构和椎骨肥胖症(BMA)。其他措施包括基于DXA的全身(TB),股骨颈(FN)和腰椎(LS)骨矿物质密度(BMD)和脂肪量(FM)评估。
    结果:尽管患有T1DM的女性的BMI和BMA与对照组相似,但其MRI的内脏和皮下脂肪率较高(P <.05),而DXA显示的全身FM较高(P = .03)。总体而言,在整个队列中,BMA和BMD在所有位点之间均存在明显的逆相关性(P <.05)。在调整了年龄,BMI,FM和腹部肥胖后,这些关联仍然很显着。此外,内脏脂肪而不是皮下脂肪与BMA呈正相关(r,.4,P = .03),与全身BMD呈负相关(r,.5,P = .02)。 MRI评估的表观小梁分离显示,DXA与全身BMD呈负相关(r,-。4,P = .04)。
    结论:无论是否存在潜在的代谢状况,年轻女性在MRI测量的BMA与基于DXA的BMD评估之间均显示负相关。此外,BMA和内脏肥胖之间的联系支持了这两个脂肪库的共同起源这一概念。
  • 【电子教育档案袋的开发:医学教育专业人员的大纲。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/10401330701332219 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lewis KO,Baker RC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:A growing body of literature shows that many universities and colleges are making educational portfolios part of their faculty assessment and student's learning plan for both undergraduate and graduate programs. We provide an outline for the development of a medical educator's portfolio, including an electronic version. DESCRIPTION:Guidelines for the development of an educational portfolio focusing on medical education are provided, including design, format, and content. An electronic version of the portfolio, which combines flexibility and ease of revision, is also described, including formats for publication and distribution. Student reflections on the e-portfolio are presented, and potential applications of the e-portfolio in medical education are described. CONCLUSION:We believe that portfolio development is a valuable application that provides rich documentation of participants' educational history, accomplishments, and intellectual property as related to their professional learning and growth.
    背景与目标: 背景:越来越多的文献表明,许多大学和学院正在将教育档案袋作为其本科和研究生课程教师评估和学生学习计划的一部分。我们为医学教育者的档案袋的发展提供了一个大纲,包括电子版本。
    描述:提供了针对医学教育的教育档案袋的开发指南,包括设计,格式和内容。还介绍了组合的灵活性和易于修改的电子版本,包括发布和分发的格式。介绍了学生对电子档案夹的思考,并描述了电子档案夹在医学教育中的潜在应用。
    结论:我们认为,档案袋开发是一个有价值的应用程序,它为参与者的教育历史,成就和与他们的专业学习和成长有关的知识产权提供了丰富的文档。

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