Nevado del Ruiz volcano (NRV), Columbia, is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world and caused the death of 25,000 people in 1985. Using a new algorithm for repeated tomography, we have found a prominent seismic anomaly with high values of the Vp/Vs ratio at depths of 2-5 km below the surface, which is associated with a shallow magma reservoir. The amplitude and shape of this anomaly changed during the current phase of unrest which began in 2010. We interpret these changes as due to the ascent of gas bubbles through magma and to degassing of the reservoir. In 2011-2014, most of this gas escaped through permeable roof rocks, feeding surface fumarole activity and leading to a gradual decrease of the Vp/Vs ratio in the reservoir. This trend was reversed in 2015-2016 due to replenishment of the reservoir by a new batch of volatile-rich magma likely to sustain further volcanic activity. It is argued that the recurring "breathing" of the shallow reservoir is the main cause of current eruptions at NRV.

译文

哥伦比亚的Nevado del Ruiz火山 (NRV) 是世界上最危险的火山之一,1985年造成25,000人死亡。使用重复层析成像的新算法,我们发现了一个突出的地震异常,在地表以下2-5 km km的深度处具有较高的Vp/Vs比值,这与浅层岩浆储层有关。在2010年开始的当前动荡阶段,这种异常的幅度和形状发生了变化。我们将这些变化解释为由于通过岩浆的气泡上升以及储层的脱气。在2011-2014年,大部分气体通过可渗透的屋顶岩石逸出,为地表喷气孔活动供料,并导致储层中Vp/Vs比逐渐降低。2015-2016年,由于一批新的富含挥发性的岩浆可能会维持进一步的火山活动,从而补充了储层,这一趋势被逆转。有人认为,浅层水库的反复 “呼吸” 是NRV当前喷发的主要原因。

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