• 【在环境臭氧浓度加倍的长期熏蒸成年山毛榉树下,外生菌根真菌群落的变化和细根数的增加。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1055/s-2006-924489 复制DOI
    作者列表:Grebenc T,Kraigher H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Forest soils are an important but under-studied part of forest ecosystems. The effects of O(3) on below-ground processes in a mature forest have only received limited attention so far. In our study, we have analysed the community of ectomycorrhizal fungi and beech fine root dynamics over two growing seasons (2003 - 2004) in a 70-year old mixed spruce-beech forest stand, in which two groups of five adult beech trees were either fumigated by 2 x ambient ozone concentration or used as control. The main difference between previous studies and our approach was that previous studies were performed on seedlings in pot experiments or in closed or open top chambers, and not IN SITU, in a mature forest stand. Although beech is a relatively unresponsive species to tropospheric O(3), we found a pronounced effect of 2 x O(3) on the number of vital ectomycorrhizal root tips and non-turgescent fine roots. Both categories of roots were significantly increased when compared to controls in two consecutive years at each sampling event. The number of types of ectomycorrhizae and species richness increased in 2004, but not in the extremely dry year 2003. We hypothesised that the observed changes might be an expression of a transitional state in below-ground succession of niches caused by an O(3) induced effect on carbon allocation to roots and the rhizosphere. We have detected changes in ectomycorrhizal species level, however Shannon-Weavers species diversity index and percentage of types of ectomycorrhizae did not change significantly in any sampling year thus indicating our results cannot be unequivocally explained by summer drought in year 2003 or by O(3) exposure alone.
    背景与目标: : 森林土壤是森林生态系统中一个重要但研究不足的部分。到目前为止,O(3) 对成熟森林地下过程的影响仅受到有限的关注。在我们的研究中,我们分析了70年历史的云杉-山毛榉混合林分中两个生长季节 (2003-2004年) 的外生菌根真菌群落和山毛榉细根动态,其中两组五棵成年山毛榉树被2倍环境臭氧浓度熏蒸或用作对照。以前的研究与我们的方法之间的主要区别在于,以前的研究是在盆栽实验中或在封闭或开放的顶部腔室中对幼苗进行的,而不是在成熟的林分中进行的。尽管山毛榉是对流层O(3) 相对无反应的物种,但我们发现2 x O(3) 对重要的外生菌根根尖和非膨胀细根的数量有明显影响。在每个采样事件中,连续两年与对照组相比,两类根均显着增加。外生菌根的种类和物种丰富度2004年增加,但在极端干燥的2003年中却没有增加。我们假设观察到的变化可能是由O(3) 诱导的对根和根际碳分配的影响引起的生态位地下演替中的过渡状态的表达。我们已经检测到外生菌根物种水平的变化,但是Shannon-Weavers物种多样性指数和外生菌根类型的百分比在任何采样年份都没有显着变化,因此表明我们的结果不能通过2003年夏季干旱或O(3) 来明确解释。单独暴露。
  • 【cAMP调节与哺乳动物呼吸神经元中的GABAB受体偶联的s型K通道。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/00001756-199705060-00021 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wagner PG,Dekin MS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Premotor respiratory neurons from neonatal rats express a Ba(2+)-insensitive outward rectifying K+ channel (KOR) which is activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid acting at its beta receptor. The biophysical properties of KOR are similar to those described for the S-channel (KS) which underlies simple forms of non-associative learning in the marine mollusc Aplysia. We show here that KOR, like the S-channel, is inhibited by cAMP. In addition, we demonstrate that this inhibition is due to a change in closed time kinetics. Our data suggests that the ionic and biochemical substrates underlying synaptic plasticity in Aplysia have been phylogenetically conserved in mammalian motor circuits such as that controlling rhythmic breathing movements.

    背景与目标: 新生大鼠的运动前呼吸神经元表达Ba(2) 不敏感的向外整流K通道 (KOR),该通道被作用于其 β 受体的 γ-氨基丁酸激活。KOR的生物物理性质与S通道 (KS) 所描述的相似,S通道 (KS) 是海洋软体动物中简单形式的非联想学习的基础。我们在这里展示了KOR,就像S通道一样,受到cAMP的抑制。此外,我们证明了这种抑制作用是由于封闭时间动力学的变化所致。我们的数据表明,Aplysia突触可塑性的离子和生化底物在哺乳动物运动回路 (例如控制有节奏的呼吸运动) 中已在系统发育中得到保守。
  • 【[干燥综合征。从风湿病的角度看当前方面]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00393-006-0101-0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tomiak C,Dörner T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease of the exocrine glands characterized by the leading symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis and stomatitis sicca based on a complex pathogenesis. The prevalence is about 0.5-1%; primary Sjögren's syndrome is differentiated from secondary Sjögren's syndrome associated with other autoimmune disorders. The diagnosis is established by the presence of subjective complaints and objective evidence of sicca symptoms, anti-Ro(SSA)/La(SSB) antibodies, and/or focal lymphocytic infiltration of the glandular tissue. In addition to the typical sicca symptomatology, which is managed symptomatically by substitution and stimulation therapy, some patients exhibit extraglandular manifestations. Complaints involving the musculoskeletal system and inner ear dominate and are treated by the rheumatologist. The indication for base therapy is tailored to individual needs, but the efficacy of this approach has not been established in studies. About 5-10% of the patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome develop a B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The disease requires interdisciplinary management including, among others, ophthalmologists, dentists, and otorhinolaryngologists, depending on the clinical picture.
    背景与目标: : 干燥综合征是一种外分泌腺的自身免疫性疾病,其特征是角结膜炎和口炎的主要症状基于复杂的发病机理。患病率约为0.5-1%; 原发性干燥综合征与与其他自身免疫性疾病相关的继发性干燥综合征不同。诊断是通过主观主诉和sicca症状,抗Ro(SSA)/La(SSB) 抗体和/或腺组织的局灶性淋巴细胞浸润的客观证据来确定的。除了通过替代和刺激疗法对症治疗的典型sicca症状外,一些患者还表现出结肠外表现。涉及肌肉骨骼系统和内耳的主诉,由风湿病专家治疗。基础治疗的适应症是根据个人需求量身定制的,但是这种方法的疗效尚未在研究中确定。约5-10% 的原发性干燥综合征患者发展为b细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤。该疾病需要跨学科的管理,其中包括眼科医生,牙医和耳鼻喉科医生,具体取决于临床情况。
  • 【单纯性前脑畸形和单纯性低毛丝菌病的连续基因综合征: 与18p11.3缺失有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ajmg.a.31386 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kantaputra PN,Limwongse C,Tochareontanaphol C,Mutirangura A,Mevatee U,Praphanphoj V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We report a patient with a unique combination of features, including microcephaly; mental retardation; poorly developed frontal lobes; hypoplastic pituitary gland; hypothyroidism; alopecia universalis; single maxillary central incisor; taurodontism; median palatal ridge; longitudinally grooved nails; and scoliosis. His unbalanced karyotype was found to be 45,XY,der(15;18)(q10;q10). The constellation of anomalies appears to represent a contiguous gene syndrome caused, at least in part, by deletion of TGIF and the gene responsible for hereditary hypotrichosis simplex. The phenotype of our patient differs other reported patients with del(18p). Possible explanations include (1) the effects of a different deleted region, (2) a positional effect caused by a gene close by, or (3) by interruption of a different gene resulting from chromosomal translocation.
    背景与目标: : 我们报告了一名具有独特特征组合的患者,包括小头畸形; 智力低下; 额叶发育不良; 垂体发育不良; 甲状腺功能减退; 普遍脱发; 单个上颌中切牙; 牛角牙症; 正中腭嵴; 纵向开槽的指甲; 和脊柱侧弯。发现他的不平衡核型为45,XY,der(15;18)(q10;q10)。异常星座似乎代表了一个连续的基因综合征,至少部分是由TGIF和负责遗传性低毛丝菌病的基因缺失引起的。我们患者的表型不同于其他报告的del患者 (18p)。可能的解释包括 (1) 不同缺失区域的影响,(2) 由接近的基因引起的位置效应,或 (3) 由染色体易位引起的不同基因的中断。
  • 【正常成年大鼠血脑屏障缺陷区的丰富免疫环境。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00038-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pedersen EB,McNulty JA,Castro AJ,Fox LM,Zimmer J,Finsen B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The circumventricular organs (CVOs) in the brain are without a blood-brain barrier (BBB) and as such directly exposed to blood plasma constituents and blood-borne pathogens. In light of previous studies showing discrepancies regarding the immunocompetence of these organs, we initiated the present study to provide a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of the cellular expression of immune-associated antigens within the pineal gland, area postrema and the subfornical organ. In all CVOs, subpopulations of cells morphologically similar to complement receptor type 3 immunoreactive microglial/macrophage cells expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen, leucocyte common antigen (LCA/CD45), as well as CD4 and ED1 antigen. Based on morphological criteria the MHC class II antigen expressing cells could be grouped into a major population of classical parenchymal and perivascular ramified microglial cells and a minor population presenting itself as scattered or small groups of rounded macrophage-like cells. CD4 and ED1 antigen were expressed by both cell types. CD45 was preferentially expressed by macrophage-like cells. MHC class I antigen was expressed by the vascular endothelium in both BBB-protected and BBB-deficient areas and was additionally present as a lattice-like network throughout the BBB-deficient parenchyma in all CVOs. The results suggest that the BBB-free areas of the brain besides being constantly surveyed by blood-borne macrophages, possess an intrinsic immune surveillance system based on resting and activated microglial cells, which may function as a non-endothelial, cellular barrier against blood-borne pathogens.

    背景与目标: 大脑中的心室器官 (CVOs) 没有血脑屏障 (BBB),因此直接暴露于血浆成分和血液传播的病原体。鉴于先前的研究显示这些器官的免疫能力存在差异,我们启动了本研究,以提供松果体,后区域和下器官内免疫相关抗原的细胞表达的全面免疫组织化学分析。在所有cvo中,形态上与补体受体3型免疫反应性小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞相似的细胞亚群表达主要组织相容性复合物 (MHC) II类抗原,白细胞共同抗原 (LCA/CD45) 以及CD4和ED1抗原。根据形态学标准,可以将MHC II类抗原表达细胞分为主要的经典实质和血管周围分支的小胶质细胞群,以及少量的呈分散或小群的圆形巨噬细胞样细胞群。两种细胞类型均表达CD4和ED1抗原。CD45优先由巨噬细胞样细胞表达。MHC I类抗原在BBB保护和BBB缺陷区域均由血管内皮表达,并且在所有cvo的BBB缺陷实质中还以晶格状网络的形式存在。结果表明,大脑的无BBB区域除了不断受到血源性巨噬细胞的调查外,还具有基于静息和活化的小胶质细胞的内在免疫监视系统,该系统可能是针对血源性病原体的非内皮细胞屏障。
  • 【静脉血栓栓塞后血栓后综合征的频率和决定因素。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/01.mcp.0000239543.40078.17 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kahn SR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most common complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Identifying which patients are at high risk of developing PTS would help improve the management of patients with DVT and allow physicians to provide patients with individualized information on their expected prognosis. This review discusses the knowledge gained from key studies over the last decade on the incidence and determinants of PTS, with special emphasis on published studies from the last 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS:About a third to half of DVT patients will develop PTS, in most cases within 1-2 years of acute DVT. Important risk factors for PTS appear to be ipsilateral recurrence of DVT, poor quality of initial anticoagulation for the treatment of DVT and increased body mass index. SUMMARY:Preventing DVT recurrence by providing adequate intensity and duration of anticoagulation for the initial DVT and using effective thromboprophylaxis in high-risk settings is likely to reduce the frequency of PTS. Despite some advances in identifying risk factors for PTS, however, it is still not possible to reliably predict an individual patient's risk of developing PTS after an episode of DVT. Further studies of clinical determinants and biological markers of increased risk of PTS are needed to ultimately improve long-term prognosis after DVT.
    背景与目标:
  • 【美国风疹和先天性风疹综合征的流行病学概况,1998-2004: 缺乏地方性传播的证据。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1086/505944 复制DOI
    作者列表:Reef SE,Redd SB,Abernathy E,Zimmerman L,Icenogle JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In 1969, the United States established its national rubella vaccination program. With the success of the program, 32 years later, reports of rubella reached record low numbers. To assess the achievement of elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the United States, 7 epidemiological criteria were used. Rubella cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System from 1998 through 2004 and CRS cases reported to the National Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry from 1998 through 2004 were analyzed. During 1998-2000, the median number of reported rubella cases was 272, whereas, during 2001-2004, the median number reported was 13. The incidence of rubella decreased significantly, from 0.1/100,000 population in 1998 to 0.005/100,000 population in 2004. Since 2001, 5 infants with CRS have been reported--3 were born in 2001, 1 was born in 2003, and 1 was born in 2004. The epidemiological evidence strongly supports the claim that rubella is no longer endemic in the United States. To prevent future rubella outbreaks and CRS cases, current strategies must be maintained.
    背景与目标: : 1969年,美国建立了国家风疹疫苗接种计划。随着该计划的成功,32年后,风疹的报道达到了历史新低。为了评估在美国消除风疹和先天性风疹综合征 (CRS) 的成就,使用了7个流行病学标准。分析了向国家法定疾病监测系统报告的风疹病例1998年2004年和向国家先天性风疹综合征登记1998年2004年报告的CRS病例。在1998-2000年期间,报告的风疹病例的中位数为272,而在2001-2004年期间,报告的中位数为13。风疹的发病率从0.1/100,000人口1998年下降到0.005/100,000人口2004年。自2001年以来,已报告5例CRS婴儿-3例2001年出生,1例2003年出生,1例2004年出生。流行病学证据强烈支持风疹在美国不再流行的说法。为了防止未来的风疹暴发和CRS病例,必须维持当前的策略。
  • 【Beckwith-Wiedemann综合征和半增生的肿瘤监测: 对证据的严格审查和当地实践的建议指南。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00908.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tan TY,Amor DJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :There is strong evidence for an association between overgrowth disorders such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and the development of neoplasia. An increased cancer risk has also been observed in individuals with isolated hemihyperplasia. We critically review the evidence for tumour surveillance in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and isolated hemihyperplasia and suggest local practice guidelines.
    背景与目标: : 有强有力的证据表明,Beckwith-Wiedemann综合征等过度生长性疾病与肿瘤的发展之间存在关联。在孤立的半增生个体中也观察到癌症风险增加。我们严格审查了Beckwith-Wiedemann综合征和孤立性半增生中肿瘤监测的证据,并提出了当地实践指南。
  • 【寻求减肥手术的人的夜间饮食综合症和暴食症: 患病率和相关特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.soard.2006.03.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Allison KC,Wadden TA,Sarwer DB,Fabricatore AN,Crerand CE,Gibbons LM,Stack RM,Stunkard AJ,Williams NN
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To assess the prevalence of night eating syndrome (NES) and binge eating disorder (BED) and their related behavioral and psychological correlates in persons who sought bariatric surgery. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES:A consecutive series of 215 persons with extreme obesity (82% women, 70% European American) completed the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory and a semistructured interview as part of a pre-surgery behavioral/psychological assessment. Diagnoses for NES and BED were based on graded diagnostic criteria. RESULTS:Percentages of participants who met diagnostic criteria for NES by interview were 1.9% for the strictest definition and 8.9% across all definitions of NES. After interview, full DSM-TR criteria for BED were met by 4.2%; an additional 1.4% reported binge eating at least once per week. Self-reported prevalence of NES and BED were higher. Those with NES or BED had significantly more symptoms of depression and a greater history of psychological complications than the remaining sample. DISCUSSION:The prevalence rates of NES and BED among this population of bariatric surgery candidates were lower than expected based on previous reports. Findings and hypotheses regarding lowered prevalence rates are discussed.
    背景与目标:
  • 【人前脑成神经细胞对成年大鼠中枢神经系统长轴突通路的改造。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/347556a0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wictorin K,Brundin P,Gustavii B,Lindvall O,Björklund A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The failure of lesioned axons to regenerate over long distances in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is not due to an inability of central neurons to regenerate, but rather to the non-permissive nature of the CNS tissue environment. Regenerating CNS axons, which grow well within a peripheral nerve, for example, fail to penetrate mature CNS tissue by more than about 1 mm. Recent evidence indicates that this may be due to inhibitory membrane proteins associated with CNS oligodendrocytes and myelin. We report here that human telencephalic neuroblasts implanted into the excitotoxically lesioned striatum of adult rats can escape or neutralize this inhibitory influence of the adult CNS environment and extend axons along major myelinated fibre tracts for distances of up to approximately 20 mm. The axons were seen to elongate along the paths of the striato-nigral and cortico-spinal tracts to reach the substantia nigra, the pontine nuclei and the cervical spinal cord, which are the normal targets for the striatal and cortical projection neurons likely to be present in these implants.
    背景与目标: : 受损的轴突在哺乳动物中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中无法长距离再生不是由于中枢神经元无法再生,而是由于CNS组织环境的非宽松性质。例如,在周围神经内良好生长的再生CNS轴突不能穿透成熟的CNS组织超过约1毫米。最近的证据表明,这可能是由于与CNS少突胶质细胞和髓磷脂相关的抑制性膜蛋白所致。我们在此报告,植入成年大鼠兴奋性毒性病变纹状体的人类端脑神经母细胞可以逃避或中和成年CNS环境的这种抑制作用,并沿主要有髓纤维束延伸轴突,距离可达约20毫米。可以看到轴突沿着纹状体-黑质和皮质-脊髓束的路径伸长,到达黑质,桥脑核和颈脊髓,这是纹状体和皮质投射神经元的正常目标。这些植入物。
  • 11 Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and genes. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症和基因。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kaparianos A,Sampsonas F,Karkoulias K,Spiropoulos K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a complex disease entity strongly influenced by genetic factors, especially those that affect obesity and fat distribution, upper airway muscle tone, craniofacial morphology, ventilatory control and sleep, giving rise to the OSA phenotype. OSA can also be considered a metabolic syndrome which adversely affects multiple organ systems, especially the cardiovascular system and the brain. The most widely used clinical marker for the diagnosis of OSA is the apnoea-hypopnoea index, calculated by polysomnography. A percentage of 35 to 40% of its variance can be attributed to genetic factors. Therefore, the identification and elucidation of the genes implicated in the pathogenesis of OSA becomes a matter of extensive research and could lead to the development of therapeutic agents that can have a beneficial effect on the natural course of OSA.
    背景与目标: 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 是一种复杂的疾病,受到遗传因素的强烈影响,尤其是那些影响肥胖和脂肪分布,上呼吸道肌张力,颅面形态,通气控制和睡眠的因素,从而引起OSA表型。OSA也可以被认为是一种代谢综合征,会对多器官系统 (尤其是心血管系统和大脑) 产生不利影响。诊断OSA最广泛使用的临床标志物是通过多导睡眠图计算的呼吸暂停-低通气指数。其方差的35% 至40% 的百分比可归因于遗传因素。因此,鉴定和阐明与OSA发病机理有关的基因已成为广泛研究的问题,并可能导致开发可对OSA自然过程产生有益作用的治疗剂。
  • 【癌症医院成人医疗重症监护室感染流行病学。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s005200050066 复制DOI
    作者列表:Berghmans T,Crokaert F,Markiewicz E,Sculier JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A prospective collection of positive antimicrobial cultures was performed over 12 consecutive months in the medical intensive care unit of a cancer hospital. In all, 144 infections and 163 pathogens were documented during 87 of the 528 admissions. Lung, urinary, ENT (ear, nose and throat) infections and bacteraemia were the most frequently documented. Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Pseudomonas species were the most common pathogens. Gram-positive strains were observed predominantly during monomicrobial bacteraemia (48.9%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) were found in 58% and 92% of the isolated strains respectively. No particular outbreak was identified. A further prospective study will be necessary to evaluate the impact of the antibiotic use on the selection of resistant strains in our ICU.
    背景与目标: : 在癌症医院的医疗重症监护病房中连续12个月进行了阳性抗菌培养的前瞻性收集。在528的87例入院期间,共记录了144例感染和163例病原体。肺,泌尿,耳鼻喉科 (耳,鼻和喉) 感染和菌血症是最常见的记录。最常见的病原体是葡萄球菌,链球菌,大肠杆菌,克雷伯菌和假单胞菌。革兰氏阳性菌株主要在单株菌血症期间观察到 (48.9%)。分离株的58% 和92% 中分别发现了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 和表皮葡萄球菌 (MRSE)。没有发现特别的爆发。需要进行进一步的前瞻性研究,以评估抗生素使用对我们ICU中耐药菌株选择的影响。
  • 【吸入类固醇/长效 β2激动剂组合产品可改善成人哮喘患者的24小时肺功能。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/1465-9921-7-110 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lötvall J,Langley S,Woodcock A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) is recommended by treatment guidelines for the treatment of persistent asthma. Two such combination products, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SFC, Seretide GSK, UK) and formoterol/budesonide (FBC, Symbicort, AstraZeneca, UK) are commercially available. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of these studies was to evaluate and compare the duration of bronchodilation of both combination products up to 24 hours after a single dose. METHODS:Two randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies were performed. Study A was conducted in 33 asthmatic adults receiving 400-1200 mcg of budesonide or equivalent. Serial forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured over 24 hours to determine the duration of effect of both SFC (50/100 mcg) and FBC (4.5/160 mcg). Study B was conducted in 75 asthmatic adults receiving 800-1200 mcg of budesonide or equivalent and comprised a 4 week run-in of 400 mcg bd Becotide followed by 4 weeks treatment with either SFC 50/100 mcg bd or FBC 4.5/160 mcg bd taken in a cross-over manner. Serial 24-hour FEV1 was measured after the first dose and the last dose after each 4-weeks treatment period to determine the offset of action of each treatment. RESULTS:In study A, a single inhalation of SFC and FBC produced a sustained bronchodilation at 16 hours with an adjusted mean increase in FEV1 from pre-dose of 0.22 L (95% CI 0.19, 0.35 L) for SFC and 0.25 L (95% CI 0.21, 0.37 L) for FBC, which was significantly greater than placebo for both treatments (-0.05 L; p < 0.001). In study B, the slope of decline in FEV1 from 2-24 hours post dose was -16.0 ml/hr for SFC and -14.2 ml/hr for FBC. The weighted mean AUC over 24 hours was 0.21 Lxmin and 0.22 Lxmin and mean change from pre-dose FEV1 at 12 hours was 0.21 L for SFC and 0.20 L for FBC respectively CONCLUSION:Both SFC and FBC produced a similar sustained bronchodilator effect which was prolonged beyond 12 hours post dose and was clearly measurable at 24 h.
    背景与目标:
  • 【造血干细胞移植受者呼吸病毒肺炎的薄层CT表现。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2214/AJR.05.0439 复制DOI
    作者列表:Franquet T,Rodriguez S,Martino R,Giménez A,Salinas T,Hidalgo A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to use serial thin-section CT scans to assess the incidence of respiratory viral infection and lung abnormalities in a large patient population at high risk of pulmonary complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study population consisted of 26 recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants who had proven respiratory viral pneumonia. In all cases, thin-section CT scans were obtained before fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. The study included only patients in whom bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed no evidence of organisms other than respiratory viruses. The CT scans were assessed for the presence, extent, and anatomic distribution of ground-glass attenuation, air-space consolidation, nodules, centrilobular branching structures (tree-in-bud), thickening of the bronchovascular bundles, and pleural effusion. RESULTS:Areas of ground-glass attenuation were identified in 24 (92%) of 26 patients and were the only finding in eight patients. Multiple nodules, seen in 17 (65%) of 26 patients, measured 3-10 mm in diameter or were larger than 10 mm. The nodules had a centrilobular or random distribution. A tree-in-bud appearance was seen in six of the patients with centrilobular nodules. This pattern had a bilateral distribution and involved mainly the lower lung zones. CT revealed thickening of the bronchovascular bundles in 16 (61%) of the patients. Thickening was bilateral in 14 and unilateral in two patients. Bronchial wall thickening involved the lower lobes in six patients and had a patchy random distribution in the remaining nine patients. Air-space consolidation was present in nine (35%) of the cases. It had a lobular or subsegmental distribution in eight of the patients and a segmental distribution in one patient. Areas of consolidation were randomly distributed throughout the lungs in all cases. Less common findings included bilateral pleural effusion and bronchial dilatation. CONCLUSION:Respiratory viral infection is common among adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants, occurring over a wide time span after transplantation. The presence of respiratory viral infection must be considered in any patient with new respiratory symptoms, fever, or findings at CT such as extensive or patchy areas of ground-glass opacities or a mixture of patterns, most commonly ground-glass attenuation, thickening of the bronchial walls, and multiple small nodules.
    背景与目标:
  • 【小儿多形性肉瘤的细胞遗传学和分子遗传学分析揭示了与成人恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的相似性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00243-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Palmer JL,Masui S,Pritchard S,Kalousek DK,Sorensen PH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies were performed on a pleomorphic sarcoma removed from the left atrium of a 15-year-old girl. Histologic analysis was consistent with a storiform-pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Although MFH is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of late adulthood. It is extremely rare in childhood and its existence in the pediatric population remains controversial. Cytogenetic analysis revealed several alterations previously associated with adult MFH, including abnormalities of chromosomal bands 11p11 and 19p13. Moreover, the tumor demonstrated homogeneously staining regions (HSR) and double minute chromosomes (dmin) suggestive of gene amplification. We therefore screened the case for amplification of genes localized to chromosomal bands 12q13-14, including the putative protooncogenes MDM2, CDK4, SAS, CHOP, and CLI, which are frequently amplified and overexpressed in adult MFH. Southern and Northern blot analysis confirmed the coamplification of MDM2, CDK4, SAS, and CHOP. To our knowledge, such coamplification studies of the 12q13-14 amplicon have not been previously detected in pediatric MFH. Our results provide cytogenetic and molecular genetic evidence that pediatric and adult MFH are histogenetically related entities.

    背景与目标: 对一名15岁女孩左心房切除的多形性肉瘤进行了细胞遗传学和分子遗传学研究。组织学分析与多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤 (MFH) 一致。尽管MFH是成年后期最常见的软组织肉瘤。在儿童时期极为罕见,其在儿科人群中的存在仍然存在争议。细胞遗传学分析显示了先前与成人MFH相关的几种改变,包括染色体带11p11和19p13的异常。此外,肿瘤显示出均匀染色区域 (HSR) 和双分钟染色体 (dmin),提示基因扩增。因此,我们筛选了扩增定位于染色体带12q13-14的基因的案例,包括假定的原癌基因MDM2,CDK4,SAS,CHOP和CLI,它们在成年MFH中经常被扩增和过表达。Southern和Northern印迹分析证实了MDM2,CDK4,SAS和CHOP的共扩增。据我们所知,这种12q13-14扩增子的共扩增研究以前尚未在小儿MFH中检测到。我们的结果提供了细胞遗传学和分子遗传学证据,表明儿科和成年MFH是与组织遗传学相关的实体。

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