• 【中孕早期的血脂异常主要是子痫前期发作的女性的特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2001-10-01
    来源期刊:BJOG
    DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00247.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Clausen T,Djurovic S,Henriksen T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether hypertriglyceridemic dyslipidemia is a risk factor for either early or late onset pre-eclampsia. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study and nested case-control study. SETTING:Aker Hospital: a university hospital with all levels of obstetric care. PARTICIPANTS:2,157 Caucasian pregnant women. METHODS:Blood samples were obtained from non-fasting subjects at 18 weeks of gestation. All samples were analysed for triglycerides, total-cholesterol, high density lipoproteins cholesterol and non-high density lipoproteins cholesterol. ApoB-100 were analysed in pre-eclamptic women and in 3:1 matched controls. The cohort data were analysed by multiple logistic regression and the case-control data by conditional logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adjusted odds ratios of early and late onset pre-eclampsia according to early second trimester serum concentration levels of lipids and ApoB-100. RESULTS:Eighteen women developed early onset pre-eclampsia and 53 women developed late onset pre-eclampsia. In the cohort model, women with triglycerides above 2.4mmol/L had increased risk (OR 5. 1; 95% CI 1.1-23.1) of early onset pre-eclampsia compared with those with triglycerides levels < or = 1.5mmol/L. For women with high triglycerides: non-high density lipoproteins cholesterol ratios (>90 centile) the OR (95% CI) for early onset pre-eclampsia was 7.1 (2.3-22.0) compared with those with low ratios (< or = 50 centile). Similar associations were found in the case control model. We found no associations between plasma lipids and risk of late onset pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSIONS:Hypertriglyceridemic dyslipidemia before 20 weeks of gestation is associated with the risk of developing early but not late onset pre-eclampsia, giving support to the contention that these two variants of the disease are at least partly pathogenically different.
    背景与目标: 目的:探讨高甘油三脂血症性血脂异常是否是子痫前期或晚期先兆子痫的危险因素。
    设计:前瞻性队列研究和嵌套病例对照研究。
    地点:阿克医院:一家拥有各级产科护理服务的大学医院。
    参加人数:2,157名白人孕妇。
    方法:在妊娠18周时从非禁食的受试者中获取血液样本。分析所有样品的甘油三酸酯,总胆固醇,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。在先兆子痫妇女和3:1匹配对照中分析了ApoB-100。队列数据通过多元逻辑回归分析,病例对照数据通过条件逻辑回归分析。
    主要观察指标:根据妊娠中期早期血脂和ApoB-100的水平,调整先兆子痫和晚期子痫前期的比值比。
    结果:18例妇女先兆子痫发作,53例妇女先兆子痫发作。在队列模型中,与甘油三酯水平<或= 1.5mmol / L的妇女相比,甘油三酯高于2.4mmol / L的妇女发生子痫前期的风险增加(OR 5. 1; 95%CI 1.1-23.1)。对于甘油三酸酯含量高的妇女:非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率(> 90个百分位),与先兆子痫前期先兆子痫的OR(95%CI)相比,低比率(<或= 50个百分位) )。在病例对照模型中发现了相似的关联。我们发现血浆脂质与先兆子痫晚期发作的风险之间没有关联。
    结论:妊娠20周前的高甘油三酯血症性血脂异常与发生先兆子痫而不是晚发作先兆子痫的风险有关,这支持了该疾病的这两种变异至少在部分病因上不同的观点。
  • 【哈萨克斯坦阿斯塔纳地区城市和农村人口中老年人血脂异常的发生率,认识,治疗和控制。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12889-017-4629-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Supiyev A,Nurgozhin T,Zhumadilov Z,Peasey A,Hubacek JA,Bobak M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Despite high cardiovascular mortality in Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, there is limited information about major risk factors, including blood lipids. We investigated the prevalence of impaired concentrations of blood lipids, the awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia, and factors associated with these indicators in urban and rural populations in Kazakhstan. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study of random urban and rural population samples (the state capital Astana and Akmol village). Men and women aged 50-74 years were examined; a total of 954 adults participated (response rate 59%). Serum concentrations of total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and a range of other cardiovascular risk factors were measured. RESULTS:The overall prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/l) was 37%; among subjects with hypercholesterolemia, 57% were aware of their condition, 41% took medication and 23% had total cholesterol <6.2 mmol/l (4.5% <5 mmol/l). The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia were all higher in the urban than the rural area. Similarly, the proportions of subjects with impaired concentrations of specific lipids fractions were also considerably higher in the urban population. Most associations with other covariates were in the expected direction. CONCLUSIONS:This study found relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Kazakh population, and the blood lipid profile was less favourable in the urban area. These pronounced urban-rural differences may be related to urbanization, the associated nutrition transition and to access to health care.
    背景与目标: 背景:尽管前苏联中亚共和国的心血管死亡率很高,但有关主要危险因素(包括血脂)的信息有限。我们调查了哈萨克斯坦城市和农村人口中血脂水平降低的患病率,高胆固醇血症的认识,治疗和控制以及与这些指标相关的因素。
    方法:我们对城市和农村的随机样本(州首府阿斯塔纳和阿克莫尔村)进行了横断面研究。检查了50-74岁的男性和女性;共有954位成人参加(响应率59%)。测量了血清总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酸酯的浓度,以及一系列其他心血管危险因素。
    结果:高胆固醇血症的总患病率(总胆固醇≥6.2mmol / l)为37%;在高胆固醇血症患者中,有57%知道自己的病情,有41%服用过药物,有23%的总胆固醇<6.2 mmol / l(4.5%<5 mmol / l)。高胆固醇血症的患病率,意识,治疗和控制在城市中均高于农村地区。同样,在城市人群中,特定脂质组分的浓度受损的受试者所占的比例也相当高。与其他协变量的大多数关联都处于预期的方向。
    结论:本研究发现哈萨克族人群血脂异常患病率较高,城市地区的血脂状况较差。这些明显的城乡差异可能与城市化,相关的营养过渡以及获得医疗服务有关。
  • 【鱼油补充剂治疗血脂异常。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181e901fb 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hessel JA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The use of herbal and natural remedies to prevent and manage disease is increasing in popularity. Individuals are attracted to the nonsynthetic qualities, affordability, and purity of natural remedies as compared to standard pharmacological and invasive interventions. Fish oil supplementation, for example, has been used in the management of dyslipidemia in patients choosing a natural approach to treatment or in adjunct to prescribed medication regimens. Research studies have supported the use of fish oil supplementation to reduce elevated levels of triglycerides and increase healthy cholesterol levels, as well as reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this article, the use of fish oil supplementation to manage dyslipidemia will be explored, and considerations for this therapy for health care providers will be discussed.
    背景与目标: :越来越多的人使用草药和天然疗法预防和控制疾病。与标准的药理和侵入性干预措施相比,个人对自然疗法的非合成质量,可负担性和纯度很感兴趣。例如,鱼油补充剂已用于治疗血脂异常的患者,这些患者选择了自然疗法或与处方药物疗法相辅相成。研究支持使用鱼油补充剂来降低甘油三酸酯水平升高和健康胆固醇水平升高,以及降低心血管疾病的危险因素。在本文中,将探讨使用鱼油补充剂治疗血脂异常的情况,并讨论对医疗保健提供者使用该疗法的注意事项。
  • 【高危动脉粥样硬化和代谢表型:异位肥胖,致动脉粥样硬化血脂异常和炎症的作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1089/met.2019.0115 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lechner K,McKenzie AL,Kränkel N,Von Schacky C,Worm N,Nixdorff U,Lechner B,Scherr J,Weingärtner O,Krauss RM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Current algorithms for assessing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and, in particular, the reliance on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in conditions where this measurement is discordant with apoB and LDL-particle concentrations fail to identify a sizeable part of the population at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. This results in missed opportunities for ASCVD prevention, most notably in those with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. There is substantial evidence that accumulation of ectopic fat and associated metabolic traits are markers for and pathogenic components of high-risk atherosclerosis. Conceptually, the subset of advanced lesions in high-risk atherosclerosis that triggers vascular complications is closely related to a set of coordinated high-risk traits clustering around a distinct metabolic phenotype. A key feature of this phenotype is accumulation of ectopic fat, which, coupled with age-related muscle loss, creates a milieu conducive for the development of ASCVD: atherogenic dyslipidemia, nonresolving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired fibrinolysis. Sustained vascular inflammation, a hallmark of high-risk atherosclerosis, impairs plaque stabilization in this phenotype. This review describes how metabolic and inflammatory processes that are promoted in large measure by ectopic adiposity, as opposed to subcutaneous adipose tissue, relate to the pathogenesis of high-risk atherosclerosis. Clinical biomarkers indicative of these processes provide incremental information to standard risk factor algorithms and advanced lipid testing identifies atherogenic lipoprotein patterns that are below the discrimination level of standard lipid testing. This has the potential to enable improved identification of high-risk patients who are candidates for therapeutic interventions aimed at prevention of ASCVD.
    背景与目标: :目前评估动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险的算法,尤其是在这种测量与apoB和LDL颗粒浓度不一致的情况下,对低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇的依赖发生心血管不良事件的高风险人群。这导致错过了进行ASCVD预防的机会,最明显的是那些患有代谢综合征,糖尿病前期和糖尿病的患者。有大量证据表明,异位脂肪的积累和相关的代谢特征是高危动脉粥样硬化的标志物和致病成分。从概念上讲,触发血管并发症的高危动脉粥样硬化晚期病变的子集与一组围绕独特的代谢表型聚集的协调一致的高危性状密切相关。该表型的关键特征是异位脂肪的积累,再加上与年龄相关的肌肉流失,形成了有利于ASCVD发展的环境:动脉粥样硬化血脂异常,无法解决的炎症,内皮功能障碍,高胰岛素血症和纤维蛋白溶解受损。持续的血管炎症是高危动脉粥样硬化的标志,损害了该表型的斑块稳定。这篇综述描述了与皮下脂肪组织相反,异位肥胖在很大程度上促进了代谢和炎症过程与高危动脉粥样硬化的发病机理的关系。指示这些过程的临床生物标记物为标准危险因素算法提供了增量信息,而先进的脂质测试可识别出低于标准脂质测试的鉴别水平的致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白模式。这有可能改善对高风险患者的识别,这些高风险患者是旨在预防ASCVD的治疗干预措施的候选人。
  • 【槲皮素可能会减轻镉诱导的大鼠氧化应激介导的心脏毒性和血脂异常。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Milton Prabu S,Muthumani M,Shagirtha K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Cadmium is one of the potent cardiotoxic heavy metals in the environment, which induces oxidative stress, dyslipidemia and membrane disturbances in heart. Quercetin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger against oxidative stress. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of quercetin (QE) on cardiac marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, lipid profile, membrane bound ATPases and antioxidant status in cadmium (Cd)-intoxicated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty four male albino rats were used. Cadmium induced oxidative cardiotoxicity was induced by the oral administration of Cd for four weeks. Quercetin  was pretreated along with Cd for four weeks to assess its cardioprotective effect against Cd intoxication. Rats treated with vehicles alone were used as controls. RESULTS:Rats intoxicated with cadmium (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks in combination with quercetin (50 mg/kg/day) respectively. Cd-induced cardiotoxicity and dyslipidemia was indicated by increased activities of marker enzymes such as creatine kinase-MB, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl contents in heart were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and the activities of enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase in the heart and non-enzymic antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin C and E in the heart were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Cd intoxicated rats. The levels total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), phospholipidis (PL), free fatty acids (FFA), LDL and VLDL were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and the level of HDL was significantly decreased in the serum of Cd-treated rats. Cd intoxication also increased the levels of TC, TG and FFA and decreased the level of PL in the heart tissue. Further Cd treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the levels of membrane bound ATP ases in heart. QE treatment along with Cd showed significant protective effect on all the biochemical parameters studied. Histopathological findings of QE and Cd treated heart confirmed the biochemical findings of this study. Thus, QE protects the myocardium against Cd-induced oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in rats. CONCLUSIONS:Quercetin may be beneficial in combating the cadmium induced oxidative cardiotoxicity and dyslipidemia in rats.  
    背景与目标: 背景:镉是环境中有效的心脏毒性重金属之一,可引起心脏氧化应激,血脂异常和膜紊乱。槲皮素是一种有效的抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂,可抵抗氧化应激。这项研究旨在评估槲皮素(QE)对镉(Cd)中毒大鼠心脏标志物酶,脂质过氧化产物,脂质分布,膜结合ATP酶和抗氧化剂状态的保护作用。
    材料与方法:使用24只雄性白化病大鼠。口服镉持续四周可诱发镉引起的氧化性心脏毒性。槲皮素与Cd一起进行了为期四周的预处理,以评估其对Cd中毒的心脏保护作用。仅用媒介物治疗的大鼠用作对照。
    结果:分别用镉(5 mg / kg /天)和槲皮素(50 mg / kg /天)中毒的大鼠连续4周。血清中肌酸激酶-MB,天冬氨酸转氨酶,丙氨酸转氨酶,碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶等标记酶活性的增加表明了镉诱导的心脏毒性和血脂异常。此外,心脏中脂质过氧化产物和蛋白质羰基含量的水平显着增加(p <0.05),并且酶抗氧化剂的活性,例如超氧化物歧化酶,过氧化氢酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶镉中毒大鼠心脏中的非酶类抗氧化剂如谷胱甘肽,维生素C和E显着降低(p <0.05)。 Cd-血清中的总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酸酯(TG),磷脂(PL),游离脂肪酸(FFA),LDL和VLDL的水平显着升高(p <0.05),HDL的水平显着降低治疗的大鼠。镉中毒还会增加心脏组织中TC,TG和FFA的水平,并降低PL的水平。进一步的Cd处理显着(p <0.05)降低了心脏中与膜结合的ATP酶的水平。 QE处理和Cd处理对所研究的所有生化参数均显示出显着的保护作用。 QE和Cd治疗的心脏的组织病理学发现证实了这项研究的生化发现。因此,QE保护心肌免受Cd诱导的大鼠氧化应激和血脂异常的影响。
    结论:槲皮素可能有助于对抗镉诱导的大鼠氧化性心脏毒性和血脂异常。
  • 【低脂联素血症,血脂异常,以及与HIV相关的面部脂肪萎缩症患儿的生长受损。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1515/jpem.2007.20.1.65 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kim RJ,Carlow DC,Rutstein JH,Rutstein RM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To compare growth, lipids and adipocytokines in HIV-positive children with and without lipoatrophy. PATIENTS:Eleven HIV-positive children with facial lipoatrophy, and 22 age- and sex-matched HIV-positive controls without signs of fat abnormality. METHODS:Clinical data including height, physical examination findings, medications, markers of viral control, cholesterol, and triglycerides were retrieved from the medical charts. Serum samples were analyzed for adiponectin, inflammatory markers, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). RESULTS:Lipoatrophy was associated with higher triglycerides (330 vs 133 mg/dl, p = 0.0003), lower HDL (33 vs 48 mg/dl, p = 0.02), and a greater frequency of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl; 64% vs 23%, p < 0.03). Adiponectin was 53% lower in patients with lipodystrophy (6.9 microg/ml vs 14.8 microg/ml, p = 0.005), however there was no difference in the inflammatory markers soluble TNFa receptor 2 or interleukin 6. Strikingly, despite similar BMI z-scores and virological control, lipoatrophic patients were shorter by 1 standard deviation score (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS:The presence of facial lipoatrophy in a child with HIV infection is a marker for significant metabolic derangements including dyslipidemia and hypoadiponectinemia, and suggests the need for careful growth evaluation.
    背景与目标: 目的:比较有和没有脂肪萎缩的HIV阳性儿童的生长,脂质和脂肪细胞因子。
    患者:11名患有面部脂肪萎缩的HIV阳性儿童,以及22名年龄和性别相匹配的HIV阳性对照,无脂肪异常迹象。
    方法:从医学图表中检索临床数据,包括身高,体格检查结果,药物,病毒控制指标,胆固醇和甘油三酸酯。分析血清样品中的脂联素,炎性标志物和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)。
    结果:脂肪萎缩与甘油三酸酯含量较高(330 vs 133 mg / dl,p = 0.0003),HDL较低(33 vs 48 mg / dl,p = 0.02)和高胆固醇血症发生频率较高(总胆固醇> 200 mg / dl)有关; 64%和23%,p <0.03)。脂肪营养不良患者的脂联素降低了53%(6.9微克/毫升对14.8微克/毫升,p = 0.005),但是炎症标志物可溶性TNFa受体2或白介素6没有差异。令人惊讶的是,尽管BMI z评分相似与病毒学对照相比,脂肪萎缩患者的病程缩短了1个标准差评分(p = 0.03)。
    结论:HIV感染患儿面部脂肪萎缩是代谢异常的标志,包括血脂异常和低脂联素血症,提示需要进行仔细的生长评估。
  • 【在中国儿童血脂异常筛查中,针对性别和年龄的临界点相对于NCEP儿科临界点的表现。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.018 复制DOI
    作者列表:Xiao P,Huang T,Yan Y,Zhao X,Li H,Mi J,China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) investigators.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Considerable attention is given nowadays to the presence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in children. The current blood lipid classification system for Chinese children was based on the United States National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) cutpoints, which did not take the age, gender and race differences into consideration. This study aimed to develop gender- and age-specific lipid cutpoints for dyslipidemia screening in Chinese children and compare the ability of new cutpoints and NCEP pediatric cutpoints to predict obesity and unfavorable blood pressure (BP) levels. METHODS:Data were obtained from a nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study: The China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health Study, comprising 12,875 Chinese children aged 6-18 years. We calculated cutpoints for abnormal levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) that were linked to Chinese adult abnormal lipid thresholds using the General Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape method. RESULTS:Borderline-high and high cutpoints (TC, LDL-C and TG) as well as low cutpoints (HDL-C) were developed to classify the abnormal blood lipid levels in Chinese children. Better performance for prediction of obesity, elevated BP, and hypertension were found with the proposed cutpoints in comparison with the NCEP pediatric cutpoints (AUC for obesity: 0.612 vs. 0.597, p = 0.017; AUC for elevated BP: 0.529 vs. 0.521, p = 0.017; AUC for hypertension: 0.536 vs. 0.527, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS:The gender- and age-specific cutpoints should improve the accuracy of dyslipidemia screening in China and be more reasonable in practice.
    背景与目标: 背景与目的:当今人们对儿童心血管疾病危险因素的存在给予了极大的关注。当前针对中国儿童的血脂分类系统基于美国国家胆固醇教育计划(NCEP)的临界点,未考虑年龄,性别和种族差异。这项研究旨在开发针对中国儿童血脂异常筛查的按性别和年龄划分的脂质临界点,并比较新临界点和NCEP儿科临界点预测肥胖和不利血压(BP)水平的能力。
    方法:数据来自一项全国性的多中心横断面研究:“中国儿童和青少年心血管健康研究”,包括12875名6-18岁的中国儿童。我们使用与中国成人异常脂质阈值相关的总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和甘油三酸酯(TG)异常水平的切入点进行了计算位置比例尺和形状方法的通用加性模型。
    结果:开发了高,高临界值(TC,LDL-C和TG)以及低临界值(HDL-C)以对中国儿童的异常血脂水平进行分类。与NCEP儿科临界点相比,建议的临界点发现了更好的预测肥胖,血压升高和高血压的性能(肥胖的AUC:0.612比0.597,p = 0.017;血压升高的AUC:0.529比0.521,p = 0.017;高血压的AUC:0.536 vs. 0.527,p = 0.016)。
    结论:按性别和年龄分界点可提高中国血脂异常筛查的准确性,在实践中应更合理。
  • 【烟酸缓释单药治疗慢性四肢瘫痪患者血脂异常风险的安全性,耐受性和有效性:一项随机的多中心对照试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.029 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nash MS,Lewis JE,Dyson-Hudson TA,Szlachcic Y,Yee F,Mendez AJ,Spungen AM,Bauman WA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To test the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of extended-release niacin monotherapy on dyslipidemia in persons with chronic tetraplegia. DESIGN:Placebo-controlled, blinded, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. SETTING:Three spinal cord injury research/rehabilitation centers. PARTICIPANTS:Persons with chronic tetraplegia (N=54) and low plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. INTERVENTION:Extended-release niacin monotherapy (48 weeks; n=31) on a dose-titration schedule versus matched placebo (n=23). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Safety was assessed by using percentages of treatment-emergent adverse events and increased levels of hepatic transaminases, uric acid, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting glucose. Tolerance was assessed by using participant reports for frequency and intensity of adverse effects of extended-release niacin. Primary effectiveness outcomes were fasting HDL-C level and plasma total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio. Secondary outcomes included plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and TC levels and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. RESULTS:Significant increases in fasting HDL-C levels (24.5%) were accompanied by decreases in TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, LDL-C levels, and TC levels (all P<.05). No evidence of sustained hepatotoxicity or hyperglycemia was observed. Treatment-emergent withdrawals (12.9%) accompanied flushing (n=1), hypotension/presyncope (n=1), and diarrhea (n=2). One subject experienced transient hyperuricemia. Other drug-reported symptoms did not differ from those for placebo. CONCLUSIONS:Extended-release niacin monotherapy is safe, tolerated, and effective for most persons with chronic tetraplegia. Special precautions for changes in bowel habits and postadministration hypotension should be observed.
    背景与目标: 目的:探讨烟酸缓释单药治疗慢性四肢瘫痪患者血脂异常的安全性,耐受性和疗效。
    设计:安慰剂对照,双盲,多中心,随机对照试验。
    地点:三个脊髓损伤研究/康复中心。
    参与者:慢性四肢瘫痪(N = 54)和血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平低的人。
    干预:按剂量滴定方案延长烟酸单药治疗(48周; n = 31),而与之匹配的安慰剂(n = 23)。
    主要观察指标:使用治疗紧急不良事件的百分比以及肝转氨酶,尿酸,糖基化血红蛋白和空腹血糖水平的增加来评估安全性。通过使用参与者报告评估缓释烟酸不良反应的发生频率和强度,以评估耐受性。主要疗效结果是禁食HDL-C水平和血浆总胆固醇(TC)/ HDL-C比值。次要结果包括血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和TC水平以及LDL-C / HDL-C比。
    结果:空腹HDL-C水平显着增加(24.5%),同时TC / HDL-C和LDL-C / HDL-C比率,LDL-C水平和TC水平降低(均P <.05)。没有观察到持续的肝毒性或高血糖的证据。紧急治疗时停药(12.9%)伴有潮红(n = 1),低血压/晕厥(n = 1)和腹泻(n = 2)。一名受试者经历了短暂性高尿酸血症。其他药物报告的症状与安慰剂无差异。
    结论:烟酸缓释单药对大多数慢性四肢瘫痪患者是安全,可耐受且有效的。应注意改变大便习惯和给药后低血压的特殊预防措施。
  • 【血管生成素样蛋白3在恒河猴猕猴糖诱导的血脂异常中的作用:鱼油或RNAi的抑制作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1194/jlr.RA119000423 复制DOI
    作者列表:Butler AA,Graham JL,Stanhope KL,Wong S,King S,Bremer AA,Krauss RM,Hamilton J,Havel PJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibits lipid clearance and is a promising target for managing cardiovascular disease. Here we investigated the effects of a high-sugar (high-fructose) diet on circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations in rhesus macaques. Plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations increased ∼30% to 40% after 1 and 3 months of a high-fructose diet (both P < 0.001 vs. baseline). During fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation, plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations were positively correlated with circulating indices of insulin resistance [assessed with fasting insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], hypertriglyceridemia, adiposity (assessed as leptin), and systemic inflammation [C-reactive peptide (CRP)] and negatively correlated with plasma levels of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adropin. Multiple regression analyses identified a strong association between circulating APOC3 and ANGPTL3 concentrations. Higher baseline plasma levels of both ANGPTL3 and APOC3 were associated with an increased risk for fructose-induced insulin resistance. Fish oil previously shown to prevent insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in this model prevented increases of ANGPTL3 without affecting systemic inflammation (increased plasma CRP and interleukin-6 concentrations). ANGPTL3 RNAi lowered plasma concentrations of ANGPTL3, triglycerides (TGs), VLDL-C, APOC3, and APOE. These decreases were consistent with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis. In summary, dietary sugar-induced increases of circulating ANGPTL3 concentrations after metabolic dysregulation correlated positively with leptin levels, HOMA-IR, and dyslipidemia. Targeting ANGPTL3 expression with RNAi inhibited dyslipidemia by lowering plasma TGs, VLDL-C, APOC3, and APOE levels in rhesus macaques.
    背景与目标: :血管生成素样蛋白3(ANGPTL3)抑制脂质清除,是治疗心血管疾病的有希望的靶标。在这里,我们研究了高糖(高果糖)饮食对恒河猴猕猴中循环ANGPTL3浓度的影响。高果糖饮食1个月和3个月后,血浆ANGPTL3浓度增加了约30%至40%(P <0.001与基线相比)。在果糖引起的代谢失调期间,血浆ANGPTL3浓度与胰岛素抵抗的循环指标[空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估(HOMA-IR)],高甘油三酯血症,肥胖(评估为瘦素)和全身性呈正相关。炎症[C反应肽(CRP)],与胰岛素敏感性激素adropin的血浆水平呈负相关。多元回归分析确定循环的APOC3和ANGPTL3浓度之间有很强的联系。 ANGPTL3和APOC3的基线血浆水平较高与果糖诱导的胰岛素抵抗风险增加有关。在该模型中先前显示出可预防胰岛素抵抗和高甘油三酯血症的鱼油可防止ANGPTL3升高,而不会影响全身性炎症(血浆CRP和白介素6浓度升高)。 ANGPTL3 RNAi降低了ANGPTL3,甘油三酸酯(TGs),VLDL-C,APOC3和APOE的血浆浓度。这些减少与动脉粥样硬化风险的降低相一致。总之,代谢失调后饮食中糖引起的循环性ANGPTL3浓度增加与瘦素水平,HOMA-IR和血脂异常呈正相关。用RNAi靶向ANGPTL3表达可通过降低猕猴的血浆TG,VLDL-C,APOC3和APOE水平来抑制血脂异常。
  • 【患有外周动脉疾病的患者血脂异常的诊断和治疗被忽略。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/14017430601187751 复制DOI
    作者列表:Poussa H,Strandberg TE,Tikkanen I,Kauhanen P,Lepäntalo M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to investigate how dyslipidemia was diagnosed and treated in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in a university vascular clinic. DESIGN:Our analysis included all 1 843 PAD patients (median age 71 years, interquartile range 63-79, M/W 975/868) who attended the clinic in 2002-2003 either for diagnostic angiography or for revascularization. The charts of patients tested for dyslipidemia were reviewed closer. RESULTS:Serum lipids were measured in only 214 PAD patients (11.6%). Of them 37.9% smoked, 59.8% had antihypertensive medication, 35.0% diabetes, and 30.8% a history of coronary heart disease. Mean serum cholesterol concentration was 4.5 mmol/l (SD 1.3), LDL-cholesterol 2.54 (0.48), HDL-cholesterol 1.25 (0.48), and triglycerides 1.62 (0.84). Only 40 patients (19.7%) were using statins, this was increased to 72 (33.6%) after clinic visit. Consequently, 50.0% and 53.2% met the current total cholesterol (<4.5 mmol/l) and LDL-cholesterol (<2.5 mmol/l) goals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Dyslipidemia was highly under-diagnosed among PAD patients. Serum lipids were measured only in a minority and among them serum lipid values and the use of hypolipidemic drugs were not optimal according to guidelines.
    背景与目标: 目的:我们的目的是研究在大学血管诊所对患有外周动脉疾病(PAD)的患者进行血脂异常的诊断和治疗的方法。
    设计:我们的分析包括2002年至2003年就诊于诊断性血管造影或血管重建术的所有1843名PAD患者(中位年龄71岁,四分位间距63-79,M / W 975/868)。血脂异常检查患者的病历表进行了仔细回顾。
    结果:仅214名PAD患者中测量了血清脂质(11.6%)。其中37.9%的吸烟者,59.8%的患者服用降压药,35.0%的糖尿病患者和30.8%的冠心病史。平均血清胆固醇浓度为4.5 mmol / l(SD 1.3),LDL-胆固醇2.54(0.48),HDL-胆固醇1.25(0.48)和甘油三酸酯1.62(0.84)。只有40例患者(19.7%)使用他汀类药物,到诊所就诊后增加到72例(33.6%)。因此,分别达到当前总胆固醇(<4.5 mmol / l)和LDL-胆固醇(<2.5 mmol / l)的目标的分别为50.0%和53.2%。
    结论:PAD患者的血脂异常被高度诊断不足。仅在少数人群中测量了血脂,其中血脂值和降血脂药物的使用不是根据指南的最佳方法。
  • 【[2型糖尿病和血脂异常。 “非典型”抗精神病药的副作用?]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00063-003-1274-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wetterling T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:After the introduction of the so-called "atypical antipsychotics" in the clinical experience hyperglycemia as well as increased triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels were reported in patients treated with some of these agents. In this article, the recently published population-based studies are reviewed. RESULTS:According to the available data, the risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia in patients treated with clozapine and olanzapine is increased. The underlying pathomechanism still remains widely unclear. Since overweight is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, the weight-inducing effect of atypical antipsychotics may play an important role. CONCLUSION:Since metabolic disorders often lead to severe diseases, these side effects of antipsychotics should be paid more attention.
    背景与目标: 背景与目的:在临床经验中引入所谓的“非典型抗精神病药”后,据报道,使用这些药物中的某些药物治疗的患者出现了高血糖症以及甘油三酸酯和胆固醇血清水平升高。在本文中,对最近发表的基于人群的研究进行了综述。
    结果:根据现有数据,使用氯氮平和奥氮平治疗的患者发生2型糖尿病或高脂血症的风险增加。潜在的致病机理仍不清楚。由于超重是2型糖尿病的已知危险因素,因此非典型抗精神病药的体重诱导作用可能起重要作用。
    结论:由于代谢紊乱常导致严重的疾病,抗精神病药物的这些副作用应引起更多重视。
  • 【藏族人群血脂异常与基因多态性的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3967/0895-3988.2012.03.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhang LX,Sun Y,Liang Y,Li K,Chen Y,Gusanglamu,Wang J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between SNPs reported in previous studies and the blood lipid level in the Tibetan population. METHODS:Random cluster sampling was employed in 5 areas (Lhasa, Shigatse, Shannan, Nagqu, and Nyingchi). The levels of cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from blood samples were determined and DNA was extracted for genotyping and statistical analyses. RESULTS:Among 1 318 subjects aged >18 years enrolled in this study, 367 had dyslipidemia with a prevalence of 27.8%, of whom dyslipidemia males accounted for 33.1% and dyslipidemia females -24.5%. Results of the correlation analysis between all SNPs and TG showed that the SNPs of rs714052 and rs964184 were related to the serum TG level. Subjects with rs714052 CC genotype had the lowest TG level, and the highest TG level was found in those with rs714052 TT genotype. The serum TG level in individuals with TC genotype lied in between the above two population groups. Subjects with rs964184 CC genotype had the lowest TG level, and the highest serum TG level was noted in those with rs964184 GG genotype. CONCLUSION:Several SNPs were found to be related to the serum TG level in the Tibetan population. The APOA5 gene and MLXIPL gene may be closely associated with the serum TG level in this ethnic population group.
    背景与目标: 目的:探讨以往研究报道的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与藏族人群血脂水平之间的关系。
    方法:在5个地区(拉萨,日喀则,山南,那曲和林芝)进行了随机整群抽样。测定血液样本中的胆固醇(TC),甘油三酸酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的水平,并提取DNA进行基因分型和统计分析。
    结果:在该研究的1 318名年龄大于18岁的受试者中,有367例血脂异常,患病率为27.8%,其中男性血脂异常占33.1%,女性血脂异常为-24.5%。所有SNPs和TG之间的相关性分析结果表明,rs714052和rs964184的SNPs与血清TG水平有关。 rs714052 CC基因型的受试者的TG水平最低,而rs714052 TT基因型的受试者的TG水平最高。 TC基因型个体的血清TG水平介于上述两个人群之间。 rs964184 CC基因型的受试者的TG最低,而rs964184 GG基因型的受试者的血清TG最高。
    结论:发现藏族人群中有几个SNP与血清TG水平有关。 APOA5基因和MLXIPL基因可能与该族裔人群的血清TG水平密切相关。
  • 【在血脂异常的临床背景中,瑞舒伐他汀相关的不良反应和药物相互作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2165/13168600-000000000-00000 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kostapanos MS,Milionis HJ,Elisaf MS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are the mainstay in the pharmacologic management of dyslipidemia. Since they are widely prescribed, their safety remains an issue of concern. Rosuvastatin has been proven to be efficacious in improving serum lipid profiles. Recently published data from the JUPITER study confirmed the efficacy of this statin in primary prevention for older patients with multiple risk factors and evidence of inflammation. Rosuvastatin exhibits high hydrophilicity and hepatoselectivity, as well as low systemic bioavailability, while undergoing minimal metabolism via the cytochrome P450 system. Therefore, rosuvastatin has an interesting pharmacokinetic profile that is different from that of other statins. However, it remains to be established whether this may translate into a better safety profile and fewer drug-drug interactions for this statin compared with others. Herein, we review evidence with regard to the safety of this statin as well as its interactions with agents commonly prescribed in the clinical setting. As with other statins, rosuvastatin treatment is associated with relatively low rates of severe myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure. Asymptomatic liver enzyme elevations occur with rosuvastatin at a similarly low incidence as with other statins. Rosuvastatin treatment has also been associated with adverse effects related to the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, which are also commonly observed with many other drugs. Proteinuria induced by rosuvastatin is likely to be associated with a statin-provoked inhibition of low-molecular-weight protein reabsorption by the renal tubules. Higher doses of rosuvastatin have been associated with cases of renal failure. Also, the co-administration of rosuvastatin with drugs that increase rosuvastatin blood levels may be deleterious for the kidney. Furthermore, rhabdomyolysis, considered a class effect of statins, is known to involve renal damage. Concerns have been raised by findings from the JUPITER study suggesting that rosuvastatin may slightly increase the incidence of physician-reported diabetes mellitus, as well as the levels of glycated hemoglobin in older patients with multiple risk factors and low-grade inflammation. Clinical trials proposed no increase in the incidence of neoplasias with rosuvastatin treatment compared with placebo. Drugs that antagonize organic anion transporter protein 1B1-mediated hepatic uptake of rosuvastatin are more likely to interact with this statin. Clinicians should be cautious when rosuvastatin is co-administered with vitamin K antagonists, cyclosporine (ciclosporin), gemfibrozil, and antiretroviral agents since a potential pharmacokinetic interaction with those drugs may increase the risk of toxicity. On the other hand, rosuvastatin combination treatment with fenofibrate, ezetimibe, omega-3-fatty acids, antifungal azoles, rifampin (rifampicin), or clopidogrel seems to be safe, as there is no evidence to support any pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction of rosuvastatin with any of these drugs. Rosuvastatin therefore appears to be relatively safe and well tolerated, sharing the adverse effects that are considered class effects of statins. Practitioners of all medical practices should be alert when rosuvastatin is prescribed concomitantly with agents that may increase the risk of rosuvastatin-associated toxicity.
    背景与目标: :HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(他汀类药物)是血脂异常药理管理的主要手段。由于它们被广泛地规定,因此它们的安全性仍然是一个值得关注的问题。罗苏伐他汀已被证明可有效改善血脂水平。 JUPITER研究最近发表的数据证实了他汀类药物在具有多种危险因素和炎症迹象的老年患者的一级预防中的功效。罗苏伐他汀表现出高的亲水性和肝选择性,以及低的全身生物利用度,同时通过细胞色素P450系统进行的代谢最少。因此,罗苏伐他汀具有有趣的药代动力学特征,不同于其他他汀类药物。但是,与其他药物相比,此他汀类药物能否转化为更好的安全性和更少的药物相互作用,还有待确定。本文中,我们回顾了有关这种他汀类药物的安全性及其与临床环境中通常规定的药物相互作用的证据。与其他他汀类药物一样,瑞舒伐他汀治疗与严重肌病,横纹肌溶解和肾衰竭相对较低的发生率有关。罗苏伐他汀的无症状肝酶升高与其他他汀类药物的发生率相似。瑞舒伐他汀治疗还与胃肠道和中枢神经系统相关的不良反应有关,这在许多其他药物中也很常见。罗苏伐他汀诱导的蛋白尿可能与他汀类药物引起的肾小管对低分子量蛋白重吸收的抑制有关。较高剂量的瑞舒伐他汀与肾功能衰竭有关。同样,将瑞舒伐他汀与增加瑞舒伐他汀血药浓度的药物合用可能对肾脏有害。此外,已知横纹肌溶解被认为是他汀类药物的一种作用,涉及肾脏损害。 JUPITER研究的结果引起了人们的关注,这表明瑞舒伐他汀可能会稍微增加医师报告的糖尿病的发病率,以及具有多种危险因素和低度炎症的老年患者的糖化血红蛋白水平。临床试验表明,与安慰剂相比,瑞舒伐他汀治疗不会导致瘤形成的发生率增加。拮抗有机阴离子转运蛋白1B1介导的瑞舒伐他汀肝摄取的药物更可能与他汀类药物相互作用。当瑞舒伐他汀与维生素K拮抗剂,环孢菌素(环孢素),吉非贝齐和抗逆转录病毒药物合用时,临床医生应谨慎,因为与这些药物的潜在药代动力学相互作用可能会增加中毒的风险。另一方面,瑞舒伐他汀与非诺贝特,依折麦布,omega-3-脂肪酸,抗真菌唑类药物,利福平(利福平)或氯吡格雷联合治疗似乎是安全的,因为没有证据支持瑞舒伐他汀与瑞舒伐他汀的任何药代动力学或药效学相互作用这些药物中的任何一种。因此,瑞舒伐他汀似乎相对安全并且耐受性良好,与他汀类药物的共同作用具有共同的不良作用。当将瑞舒伐他汀与可能会增加瑞舒伐他汀相关毒性风险的药物一起开处方时,所有医学实践的医生应保持警惕。
  • 【在患有血脂异常的受试者中,花色苷补充剂以剂量反应的方式改善了抗氧化和抗炎的能力。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101474 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhang H,Xu Z,Zhao H,Wang X,Pang J,Li Q,Yang Y,Ling W
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Anthocyanins, one of the major plant bioactive substances, possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity. However, their dose-response relationship has remained unclear. The present study investigated the dose-response relationship of anthocyanins with oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with dyslipidemia. DESIGN:and Participants: A total of 169 participants with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 43), anthocyanins 40 mg/day (n = 44), 80 mg/day (n = 40), or 320 mg/day (n = 42) groups. Urine 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum malonaldehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), UA (uric acid), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks. RESULTS:Anthocyanin supplementation (320 mg/day) for 6 weeks significantly improved T-SOD versus baseline (P < 0.05). A slight reduction in serum IL-6, TNF-α, and urine 8-iso-PGF2α from the baseline was observed at 12 weeks in the group receiving 40 mg/day anthocyanins. Anthocyanins (80 mg/day) significantly reduced serum IL-6 (-20%), TNF-α (-11%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-27%) versus baseline (P < 0.05). Moreover, 320 mg/day anthocyanin supplementation reduced serum IL-6 (-40%), TNF-α (-21%), MDA (-20%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-37%) and 8-OHdG (-36%) than 80 mg/day and 40 mg/day anthocyanins, P value < 0.05. Anthocyanin supplementation has dose-response relationships with decreased inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and oxidative stress biomarkers 8-iso-PGF2α, 8-OHdG and MDA (P for trend, <0.05). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between the changes in the urine 8-iso-PGF2α , 8-OHdG levels and serum IL-6 levels in subjects from anthocyanin groups after 12 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Supplementation of anthocyanins for 12 weeks positively improved the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-response manner in individuals with dyslipidemia.
    背景与目标: 背景:花色苷是植物的主要生物活性物质之一,具有抗氧化和抗炎的能力。但是,它们的剂量反应关系仍不清楚。本研究调查了血脂异常患者花色苷与氧化应激和炎症的剂量反应关系。
    设计和参与者:总共169名血脂异常参与者被随机分配到安慰剂(n = 43),花青素40 mg /天(n = 44),80 mg /天(n = 40)或320 mg /天( n = 42)个组。尿液8-异前列腺素F2α(8-异-PGF2α),8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)和血清丙二醛(MDA),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD),UA(尿酸),在基线,第6周和第12周测量白细胞介素(IL)-6,IL-10,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和C反应蛋白(CRP)。
    结果:花青素补充(320毫克/天)持续6周比基线水平显着改善了T-SOD(P <0.05)。在接受40 mg /天花色苷的组中,在第12周时观察到血清IL-6,TNF-α和尿液8-iso-PGF2α较基线水平略有降低。花青素(80毫克/天)与基线相比显着降低血清IL-6(-20%),TNF-α(-11%)和尿液8-iso-PGF2α(-27%)(P <0.05)。此外,每天补充320 mg花青素可降低血清IL-6(-40%),TNF-α(-21%),MDA(-20%)和尿液8-iso-PGF2α(-37%)和8-OHdG (-86%)高于80毫克/天和40毫克/天的花青素,P值<0.05。花青素的补充与炎性细胞因子IL-6,TNF-α和氧化应激生物标记物8-iso-PGF2α,8-OHdG和MDA降低具有剂量反应关系(趋势P,<0.05)。此外,在治疗12周后,来自花色苷组的受试者的尿8-异-PGF2α,8-OHdG水平与血清​​IL-6水平之间的变化之间存在很强的正相关性。
    结论:花色素苷补充12周可对血脂异常患者的抗氧化和抗炎能力产生剂量反应。
  • 【角鲨烯合酶抑制:血脂异常管理的新目标。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/BF02693932 复制DOI
    作者列表:Davidson MH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A new class of compounds, known as squalene synthase inhibitors, has recently reached phase III clinical trials and may provide another therapeutic option for clinicians to improve risk management of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The clinical need for another LDL-C-lowering therapy is evident by the inability to achieve an LDL-C target of less than 70 mg/dL in the majority of very high-risk patients on statin monotherapy. Human clinical trial data with TAK-475, a novel and potent inhibitor of squalene synthase, have not yet been published.
    背景与目标: :一种新的化合物,称为角鲨烯合酶抑制剂,最近已进入III期临床试验,可能为临床医生提供另一种治疗选择,以改善低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的风险管理。在大多数接受他汀类药物单一治疗的高危患者中,无法达到低于70 mg / dL的LDL-C目标,证明了对另一种降低LDL-C疗法的临床需求。 TAK-475是一种新型且有效的角鲨烯合酶抑制剂,尚无人类临床试验数据。

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