• 【虎杖提取物(PCE)口服后白藜芦醇在大鼠中的组织分布和排泄。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang D,Xu Y,Liu W
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Polygonum cuspidatum extract as a traditional Chinese medicine is extracted from the dried rhizome and root of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc. Resveratrol is one of its active components. Studies were performed in rats to define the tissue distribution and excretion of resveratrol in urine and bile, and to characterize (if possible) any metabolites of resveratrol observed in tissues after ig 20mg/kg Polygonum cuspidatum extract. METHOD:For tissue distribution studies, tissues (300 mg) were homogenized and centrifuged with methanol, and metabolites found in selected tissue extract were identified by LC/MS/MS. For urinary and biliary excretion experiments, urine and bile samples were cleaned up by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with polyamide cartridges. All the concentrations of resveratrol in these biological samples were determined by HPLC with UV detection. RESULT:After a single oral dose of 20mg/kg PCE in rats, resveratrol was mainly distributed in stomach, duodenum, liver and kidney with detectable metabolites resveratrol monoglucuronide and resveratrol monosulfate. The majority of the resveratrol was excreted as metabolites, only 0.59% and 0.027% of the dosage were excreted in urine and bile respectively as unchanged drug within 24h.
    背景与目标: 目的:从虎杖的干燥根茎和根中提取虎杖提取物作为中药。白藜芦醇是其活性成分之一。在大鼠中进行了研究,以确定白藜芦醇在尿液和胆汁中的组织分布和排泄,并表征(如果可能)ig 20mg / kg虎杖提取物后在组织中观察到的白藜芦醇的任何代谢产物。
    方法:对于组织分布研究,将组织(300 mg)匀浆并用甲醇离心,然后通过LC / MS / MS鉴定所选组织提取物中发现的代谢物。对于尿液和胆汁排泄实验,通过使用固相萃取(SPE)和聚酰胺滤筒来清洁尿液和胆汁样品。这些生物样品中白藜芦醇的所有浓度均通过具有紫外检测的HPLC测定。
    结果:大鼠单次口服20mg / kg PCE后,白藜芦醇主要分布在胃,十二指肠,肝脏和肾脏,其代谢产物可检测到白藜芦醇单葡萄糖醛酸和白藜芦醇单硫酸盐。白藜芦醇的大部分以代谢产物的形式排泄,在24h内分别以不变的药物形式排泄了尿液和胆汁中0.59%和0.027%的剂量。
  • 【甘草绒毛根的水提取物在小鼠中的镇痛和抗炎活性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.024 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lu TC,Ko YZ,Huang HW,Hung YC,Lin YC,Peng WH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the present study, we have investigated the analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of the root of Glycine tomentella (AGT) using models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, the anti-inflammatory effect of AGT using model of lambda-carrageenan-induced paw edema. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of AGT, we have detected the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO in the edema paw. In the analgesic test, AGT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, AGT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the paw edema at the third, fourth, fifth and sixth hour after lambda-carrageenan administration, and increased the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver tissue and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the third hour after lambda-carrageenan injection. However, AGT could not affect the NO level which induced by lambda-carrageenan. These results suggested that AGT possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of AGT might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver.
    背景与目标: :在本研究中,我们使用乙酸诱导的扭体反应模型和福尔马林试验研究了甘草绒毛(AGT)根的水提取物的镇痛作用,使用λ-模型研究了AGT的抗炎作用。角叉菜胶诱发的爪水肿。为了研究AGT的抗炎机制,我们检测了肝中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GRx)的活性以及水肿爪中丙二醛(MDA)和NO的水平。在镇痛试验中,在福尔马林试验的后期,AGT(0.5和1.0 g / kg)减少了乙酸诱导的扭体反应和舔食时间。在抗炎试验中,AGT(0.5和1.0 g / kg)减少了λ-角叉菜胶给药后第三,第四,第五和第六小时的爪水肿,并增加了肝脏组织中SOD,GPx和GRx的活性并在注射λ-角叉菜胶后的第三小时降低了水肿爪中的MDA水平。然而,AGT不能影响由λ-角叉菜胶诱导的NO水平。这些结果表明,AGT具有镇痛和抗炎作用。 AGT的抗炎机制可能与通过增加肝脏中SOD,GPx和GRx的活性而降低水肿爪中MDA的水平有关。
  • 【色谱纯化的鞭毛鞭毛藻鞭毛神经肌肉制剂中蛙膜肌肉膜的选择性去极化作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701256 复制DOI
    作者列表:Meunier FA,Mercado JA,Molgó J,Tosteson TR,Escalona de Motta G
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: 1. The actions of a chromatographically identified extract of the marine dinoflagellate Ostreopsis lenticularis, named ostreotoxin-3 (OTX-3), were studied on frog isolated neuromuscular preparations. 2. OTX-3 (1-10 microg ml(-1)) applied to cutaneous pectoris nerve-muscle preparations depolarized skeletal muscle fibres and caused spontaneous contractions. The depolarization was neither reversed by prolonged washing nor by (+)-tubocurarine. 3. OTX-3 decreased the amplitude of miniature end plate potentials (m.e.p.ps) but did not affect their frequency. 4. Extracellular recording of compound action potentials revealed that OTX-3 affected neither excitability nor conduction along intramuscular nerve branches. 5. End-plate potentials (e.p.ps) elicited by nerve stimulation were reduced in amplitude by OTX-3 and even showed reversed polarity in junctions deeply depolarized by the toxin. 6. Membrane depolarization induced by OTX-3 was decreased about 70% in muscles pretreated for 30 min with 10 microM tetrodotoxin. In contrast, muscles pretreated with 5 microM mu-conotoxin GIIIA were completely insensitive to OTX-3-induced depolarization. 7. OTX-3 did not affect e.p.p. amplitude and the quantal content of e.p.ps in junctions in which muscle depolarization was abolished by mu-conotoxin GIIIA. 8. OTX-3 is a novel type of sodium-channel activating toxin that discriminates between nerve and skeletal muscle membranes.

    背景与目标: 1.在蛙类分离的神经肌肉制剂上研究了一种色谱鉴定的海洋鞭毛鞭毛骨癣菌提取物,称为ostreotoxin-3(OTX-3)的作用。 2.将OTX-3(1-10 microg ml(-1))应用于皮肤胸大肌神经肌肉制剂可使骨骼肌纤维去极化并引起自发性收缩。长时间洗涤或()-微管尿素均不能逆转去极化作用。 3. OTX-3减小了微型端板电位的幅度(m.e.p.ps),但不影响其频率。 4.复合动作电位的细胞外记录显示,OTX-3既不影响兴奋性也不影响沿肌内神经分支的传导。 5.神经刺激引起的终板电位(e.p.ps)被OTX-3降低,甚至在毒素深层去极化的连接处显示相反的极性。 6.在用10 microM河豚毒素预处理30分钟的肌肉中,由OTX-3诱导的膜去极化减少了约70%。相反,用5 microM mu-conotoxin GIIIA预处理的肌肉对OTX-3诱导的去极化完全不敏感。 7. OTX-3不会影响e.p.p. mu-conotoxin GIIIA消除了肌肉去极化的连接处的振幅和e.p.ps的含量。 8. OTX-3是一种新型的钠通道激活毒素,可区分神经膜和骨骼肌膜。

  • 【Ishige冈村提取物及其成分Ishophloroglucin A在体内和体内的高葡萄糖诱导的血管生成减弱。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3390/ijms20225542 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fernando KHN,Yang HW,Jiang Y,Jeon YJ,Ryu B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Diabetes is associated with vascular complications, such as impaired wound healing and accelerated vascular growth. The different clinical manifestations, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, reveal the severity of enhanced vascular growth known as angiogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of an extract of Ishige okamurae (IO) and its constituent, Ishophloroglucin A (IPA) on high glucose-induced angiogenesis. A transgenic zebrafish (flk:EGFP) embryo model was used to evaluate vessel growth. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), gap closure, transwell, and Matrigel® assays were used to analyze the proliferation, migration, and capillary formation of EA.hy926 cells. Moreover, protein expression were determined using western blotting. IO extract and IPA suppressed vessel formation in the transgenic zebrafish (flk:EGFP) embryo. IPA attenuated cell proliferation, cell migration, and capillary-like structure formation in high glucose-treated human vascular endothelial cells. Further, IPA down regulated the expression of high glucose-induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and downstream signaling molecule cascade. Overall, the IO extract and IPA exhibited anti-angiogenic effects against high glucose-induced angiogenesis, suggesting their potential for use as therapeutic agents in diabetes-related angiogenesis.
    背景与目标: 糖尿病与血管并发症有关,例如伤口愈合不良和血管生长加快。诸如视网膜病和肾病之类的不同临床表现揭示了被称为血管生成的增强的血管生长的严重性。进行这项研究是为了评估Ishige okamurae(IO)提取物及其成分Ishophloroglucin A(IPA)对高糖诱导的血管生成的影响。转基因斑马鱼(flk:EGFP)胚胎模型用于评估血管生长。 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物(MTT),间隙封闭,transwell和Matrigel®分析方法用于分析EA的增殖,迁移和毛细血管形成.hy926细胞。此外,使用蛋白质印迹法确定蛋白质表达。 IO提取物和IPA抑制了转基因斑马鱼(flk:EGFP)胚胎中的血管形成。 IPA在高葡萄糖处理的人血管内皮细胞中减弱了细胞增殖,细胞迁移和毛细管样结构的形成。此外,IPA下调了高葡萄糖诱导的血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR-2)和下游信号传导分子级联的表达。总体而言,IO提取物和IPA对高糖诱导的血管生成具有抗血管生成作用,表明它们有可能用作糖尿病相关血管生成的治疗剂。
  • 【玉米丝提取物通过在酪蛋白葡萄糖-脂肪酸模型系统中清除乙二醛/甲基乙二醛来抑制Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸的形成。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125708 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhang D,Wang Y,Liu H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Herein, corn silk extract and its flavonoids were used to inhibit the formation of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) in a casein glucose-fatty acid model system. Under these optimum extraction conditions, nine major flavonoids were identified and quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. The percent inhibition of CML formation by corn silk extract was 76.57%. The inhibitory mechanism of corn silk extract toward CML formation was further investigated by examining the trapping of glyoxal/methyl glyoxal by the major flavonoids (5 mM) using HPLC-ESI-MS, and mono-, di-, and tri-adducts were found for some flavonoid compounds. The antioxidant activity of the corn silk extract was evaluated by the DPPH and ABTS assays. The scavenging activity of the corn silk extract for DPPH and ABTS was 84.38% and 89.11%, respectively. The results suggested that corn silk extract inhibited CML formation through glyoxal/methyl glyoxal scavenging or by its antioxidant activity attributed to its flavonoid content.
    背景与目标: :在酪蛋白葡萄糖-脂肪酸模型系统中,玉米丝提取物及其类黄酮用于抑制Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)的形成。在这些最佳提取条件下,通过HPLC-MS / MS鉴定并定量了九种主要类黄酮。玉米丝提取物对CML形成的抑制百分比为76.57%。通过使用HPLC-ESI-MS检测主要黄酮(5mM)对乙二醛/甲基乙二醛的捕集,进一步研究了玉米丝提取物对CML形成的抑制机理,发现了单加合物,双加合物和三加合物一些类黄酮化合物。玉米丝提取物的抗氧化活性通过DPPH和ABTS分析进行评估。玉米丝提取物对DPPH和ABTS的清除活性分别为84.38%和89.11%。结果表明玉米丝提取物通过乙二醛/甲基乙二醛清除或由于其类黄酮含量引起的抗氧化活性抑制了CML的形成。
  • 【单胺能系统参与Channa striatus水提取物在小鼠中的抗抑郁样作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Saleem AM,Taufik Hidayat M,Jais AM,Fakurazi S,Moklas MA,Sulaiman MR,Amom Z,Basir R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:In our previous study, the aqueous extract of Channa striatus (family: Channidae) fillet (AECSF) showed an antidepressant-like effect in mice. However, the mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect is unknown. AIM:The objective of this study was to explore the involvement of monoamines in the antidepressant-like effect of AECSF in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS:AECSF was prepared by steaming the fillets of C. striatus. The male ICR mice were pretreated with various monoaminergic antagonists viz., p-chlorophenylalanine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, s.c.) and sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by treatment with AECSF and tested in tail suspension test (TST). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey test were used at p < 0.05 for significance. RESULTS:The pretreatments with p-chlorophenylalanine, prazosin and yohimbine, but not with SCH23390 and sulpiride, were able to reverse the antidepressant-like effect of AECSF in TST. CONCLUSIONS:The antidepressant-like effect of AECSF may be mediated through the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems and not through the dopaminergic system.
    背景与目标: 背景:在我们先前的研究中,Channa striatus(家族:Channidae)鱼片(AECSF)的水提物在小鼠中表现出抗抑郁样作用。但是,抗抑郁样作用的机理尚不清楚。
    目的:本研究的目的是探讨单胺与小鼠AECSF的抗抑郁样作用有关。
    材料与方法:AECSF是通过蒸条形鱼的鱼片而制得的。雄性ICR小鼠用各种单胺能拮抗剂预处理,即对氯苯丙氨酸(100 mg / kg,ip),哌唑嗪(1 mg / kg,ip)和育亨宾(1 mg / kg,ip),SCH23390(0.05 mg / kg(sc)和舒必利(50 mg / kg,ip),然后用AECSF处理,并在尾部悬浮液测试(TST)中进行测试。显着性以p <0.05进行两向方差分析和Tukey检验。
    结果:对氯苯丙氨酸,哌唑嗪和育亨宾的预处理,而不是SCH23390和舒必利的预处理,能够逆转TSC中AECSF的抗抑郁样作用。
    结论:AECSF的抗抑郁样作用可能是通过血清素能和去甲肾上腺素能系统介导的,而不是通过多巴胺能系统介导的。
  • 【从水生真菌Mucor hiemalis中的天然蓝藻水华提取物中摄取纯商业微囊藻毒素-LR与微囊藻毒素-LR并进行生物转化。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s10529-017-2378-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Esterhuizen-Londt M,Hertel S,Pflugmacher S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the remediation efficiency of Mucor hiemalis by comparing media elimination, uptake, and biotransformation of microcystin-LR with exposure to pure toxin versus a crude bloom extract. RESULTS:With exposure to the extract, the elimination rate of microcystin-LR from the media, which was 0.28 ng MC-LR l-1 h-1, was significantly higher compared to that achieved with exposure to the pure toxin (0.16 ng MC-LR l-1 h-1) after 24 h. However, intracellular breakdown of microcystin-LR was significantly lower in the extract exposed pellets compared to the pure toxin treated fungal pellets over time. This coincided with reduced intracellular glutathione S-transferase activity with crude extract exposure which could be responsible for the detection of only the glutathione conjugate of microcystin-LR. CONCLUSION:This paper signifies the importance of using laboratory exposure scenarios which resemble conditions in nature to fully understand and evaluate remediation efficiency. There is merit in using M. hiemalis for mycoremediation of cyanotoxins in surface waters.
    背景与目标: 目的:通过比较暴露于纯毒素与粗花粉提取物的微囊藻毒素-LR的培养基清除,吸收和生物转化,评估穆科(Mucor hiemalis)的修复效率。
    结果:暴露于提取物后,培养基中微囊藻毒素LR的清除率为0.28ng MC-LR-1-1 h-1,比暴露于纯毒素(0.16ng MC)的清除率显着更高-LR l-1 h-1)24小时后。然而,随着时间的推移,与纯毒素处理过的真菌沉淀相比,暴露于提取物中的沉淀中的微囊藻毒素-LR的细胞内分解显着降低。这与暴露于粗提物中的细胞内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性降低相吻合,这可能仅负责检测微囊藻毒素-LR的谷胱甘肽共轭物。
    结论:本文表明使用类似于自然条件的实验室暴露方案来充分理解和评估修复效率的重要性。使用hi。m。hiemalis介导地表水中的氰毒素是有好处的。
  • 【吡咯烷核生物碱衍生的吡咯蛋白加合物在体内的持久存在:多次暴露含吡咯烷核生物碱的绞股蓝提取物后的动力学研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.021 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chen Y,Xiong F,Wang W,Jiang K,Ye X,Deng G,Wang C,Yang L,Xiong A,Wang Z
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Gynura japonica (also named Tusanqi in Chinese) is used as a folk herbal medicine for treating blood stasis or traumatic injury. However, hundreds of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) cases have been reported after consumption of preparations made from G. japonica because it contains large amounts of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). To date, blood pyrrole-protein adducts (PPAs) are suggested as biomarkers for the diagnosis of PA-induced HSOS in clinics. However, the concentration of PPAs in the blood is greatly affected by several factors including the amount of PA exposure, herb intake period, and blood sampling time after the last exposure. In present study, the kinetic characters of PPAs in serum and liver as well as other potential target organs were studied systematically and comprehensively following multiple exposures of PAs in G. japonica extract (GJE). As results, PPAs content reached to a plateau both in serum and liver after the mice were treated with GJE for 2 weeks on daily basis. PPAs cleared significantly slower in liver (T1/2ke∼184.6 h, ∼7.7 days) than in serum (T1/2ke∼95.8 h, ∼4.0 days). Although more than 90 % PPAs were removed 2 weeks after the last dosing, PPAs still persisted in the liver until the end of the experiment, i.e. 8 weeks after the last dosing. The results would be of great help for understanding the importance of PPAs for PA-induced toxicity and its detoxification.
    背景与目标: 绞股蓝(Gynura japonica)(民间也称为土三七)被用作治疗血瘀或外伤的民间草药。但是,据报道,食用由粳稻制成的制剂后,有数百例肝窦正弦阻塞综合征(HSOS)病例,因为其中含有大量的肝毒性吡咯烷核生物碱(PAs)。迄今为止,在临床上建议将血液吡咯蛋白加合物(PPA)作为诊断PA诱导的HSOS的生物标记。但是,血液中PPA的浓度受几个因素的很大影响,包括PA暴露量,草药摄入时间和最后一次暴露后的采血时间。在本研究中,系统地和全面地研究了粳稻提取物(GJE)中PA的多次暴露后,血清,肝脏和其他潜在靶器官中PPA的动力学特征。结果,每天用GJE治疗小鼠2周后,血清和肝脏中的PPA含量均达到平台。肝脏(T1 / 2ke〜184.6h,〜7.7天)中的PPA清除速度明显慢于血清(T1 / 2ke〜95.8h,〜4.0天)中的清除速度。尽管在最后一次给药后2周内去除了90%以上的PPA,但直到实验结束时(即最后一次给药后8周),PPA仍在肝脏中持续存在。该结果对于理解PPA对PA诱导的毒性及其解毒的重要性将有很大的帮助。
  • 【Bisabololoxide A是德国洋甘菊提取物中的一种成分,可减轻钙超载引起的细胞死亡。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ptr.5041 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fukunaga E,Hirao Y,Ogata-Ikeda I,Nishimura Y,Seo H,Oyama Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Bisabololoxide A (BSBO), main constituents in German chamomile extract, is responsible for antipruritic effect. In previous study, the incubation with 30-100 μM BSBO for 24 h exerted cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects on rat thymocytes. To further characterize BSBO cytotoxicity, the effect on the cells suffering from calcium overload by calcium ionophore A23187 was examined. A23187 induced Ca(2+) -dependent cell death. Contrary to our expectation, 1-10 μM BSBO inhibited A23187-induced increase in cell lethality of rat thymocytes. BSBO attenuated A23187-induced increases in populations of shrunken living cells, phosphatidylserine-exposed living cells, and dead cells, without affecting the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and the Ca(2+) -dependent hyperpolarization. The effect of BSBO on A23187-treated cells may be unique because the activation of Ca(2+) -dependent K(+) channels is required for cell shrinkage, externalization of phosphatidylserine, and cell death in some cells. The cell death induced by A23187 was not inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-inhibitor of caspases. Thus, the cell death may be a necrosis with some features observed during an early stage of apoptosis. These results suggest that BSBO at low micromolar concentrations is cytoprotective against calcium overload.
    背景与目标: 德国洋甘菊提取物中的主要成分:双酚A(BSBO)具有止痒作用。在以前的研究中,用30-100μMBSBO孵育24h会对大鼠胸腺细胞产生细胞毒性和促凋亡作用。为了进一步表征BSBO的细胞毒性,研究了钙离子载体A23187对钙超负荷细胞的作用。 A23187诱导Ca(2)依赖性细胞死亡。与我们的预期相反,1-10μMBSBO抑制了A23187诱导的大鼠胸腺细胞杀伤力的增加。 BSBO衰减收缩的活细胞,磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露的活细胞和死细胞的人口中的A23187诱导的增加,而不影响细胞内Ca(2)浓度和Ca(2)依赖性超极化的增加。 BSBO对A23187处理的细胞的影响可能是独特的,因为激活Ca(2)依赖的K()通道对于细胞收缩,磷脂酰丝氨酸的外在化和某些细胞的细胞死亡是必需的。胱天蛋白酶的泛抑制剂Z-VAD-FMK未抑制由A23187诱导的细胞死亡。因此,细胞死亡可能是坏死,在细胞凋亡的早期阶段观察到某些特征。这些结果表明,低微摩尔浓度的BSBO对钙超载具有细胞保护作用。
  • 【产的金黄色葡萄球菌产生的β-葡聚糖能有效增强黑豆豆提取物诱导的血小板反应蛋白-1的表达。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-03053-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Muramatsu D,Okabe M,Takaoka A,Kida H,Iwai A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans is extracellularly produced β-(1,3), (1,6)-D-glucan (β-glucan) under certain conditions. In this study, using Glycine max cv. Kurosengoku (Kurosengoku soybeans), the production of β-glucan through fermentation of A. pullulans was evaluated, and the effects of A. pullulans cultured fluid (AP-CF) containing β-glucan made with Kurosengoku soybeans (kAP-CF) on a human monocyte derived cell line, Mono Mac 6 cells were investigated. Concentration of β-glucan in kAP-CF reached the same level as normal AP-CF. An anti-angiogenic protein, Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was effectively induced after the stimulation with kAP-CF for comparison with AP-CF. The THBS1 is also induced after stimulation with hot water extract of Kurosengoku soybeans (KS-E), while the combined stimulation of β-glucan with KS-E more effectively induced THBS1 than that with KS-E alone. These results suggest effects of A. pullulans-produced β-glucan on the enhancement of Kurosengoku soybean-induced THBS1 expression.
    背景与目标: :在一定条件下,黑酵母,金黄色葡萄球菌是细胞外产生的β-(1,3),(1,6)-D-葡聚糖(β-葡聚糖)。在这项研究中,使用Glycine max cv。黑豆(Kurosengoku大豆),通过A.pululans发酵产生的β-葡聚糖的性能进行了评估,并用黑毛豆(kAP-CF)制成的含β-葡聚糖的A.pululans培养液(AP-CF)对A.对人类单核细胞衍生的细胞系Mono Mac 6细胞进行了研究。 β-葡聚糖在kAP-CF中的浓度达到了与正常AP-CF相同的水平。用kAP-CF刺激后,可以有效诱导抗血管生成蛋白Thrombospondin-1(THBS1)与AP-CF进行比较。用黑参大豆的热水提取物(KS-E)刺激后还诱导了THBS1,而β-葡聚糖与KS-E的联合刺激比单独使用KS-E更有效地诱导了THBS1。这些结果表明,由A.pululans生产的β-葡聚糖对黑豆大豆诱导的THBS1表达的增强作用。
  • 【给雄性Wistar大鼠服用艾弗洛(Echethrophleum ivorense)茎皮乙醇提取物会改变涉及运动协调,行为和记忆的大脑区域。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112650 复制DOI
    作者列表:Adebiyi O,Adigun K,Folarin O,Olopade J,Olayemi F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Erythrophleum ivorense (A Chev.) is a common plant in the tropics. Its use as ordeal poison in folklore medicine is controversial. The incoordination and behavioral changes following consumption are often associated with guilt. This study is aimed at dispelling or upholding this belief by investigating the actions of E. ivorense on the brain and behavior using rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sixty male Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups; control group received distilled water, test groups were administered 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg ethanolic extract of E. ivorense in a daily oral dose for 28 days. Cognition (Morris water maze) depression (forced swim test), motor function (hanging wire and inverted wire mesh grid grip tests) and exploratory assessments were done. Brains were stained with H&E, Cresyl violet and immunohistochemistry was done using GFAP, anticalbindin-D28k, Iba-1 and MBP antibodies. RESULTS:At all doses, E. ivorense significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased escape latency in the Morris water maze compared to control. Forced swim test showed a dose-related increase in duration of immobility, significant reduction in hanging latency in hanging wire and wire mesh grid grip test was also observed. Depletion of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and hippocampal neurons was observed with H&E and cresyl violet. Immuno-staining revealed astrocytic activation in the cerebellum, loss of dendritic spines, cortical microglial activation and demyelination in the cerebellum and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. CONCLUSION:The ethanolic extract of E. ivorense stem bark caused a dose-dependent deficit in learning, memory and motor coordination with evidences of depression in rats. It is concluded that the plant is neurotoxic and induce several neurobehavioral changes.
    背景与目标: 民族药理学相关性:象牙草是热带地区常见的植物。在民俗医学中将其用作折磨毒药是有争议的。消费后的不协调和行为改变通常与内有关。本研究旨在通过使用大鼠模型研究象牙肠球菌对大脑的行为和行为来消除或坚持这一信念。
    材料与方法:60只雄性Wistar大鼠平均分为5组。对照组接受蒸馏水,试验组每天口服10、20、30和40 mg / kg的象牙草乙醇提取物,持续28天。进行认知(莫里斯水迷宫)压抑(强迫游泳测试),运动功能(悬吊金属丝和倒置金属丝网格抓地力测试)和探索性评估。用H&E,甲酚紫对大脑染色,并使用GFAP,anticalbindin-D28k,Iba-1和MBP抗体进行免疫组织化学。
    结果:与对照相比,在所有剂量下,象牙肠球菌在莫里斯水迷宫中的逃逸潜伏期均显着(P≤0.05)增加。强迫游泳试验显示,与固定时间有关的剂量增加,悬挂钢丝的悬挂潜伏期显着减少,并且还观察到钢丝网的网格抓地力试验。用H&E和甲酚紫观察到小脑和海马神经元的浦肯野细胞枯竭。免疫染色显示小脑中的星形胶质细胞活化,树突棘的丧失,小脑和海马齿状回中的皮质小胶质细胞活化和脱髓鞘。
    结论:象牙草茎皮乙醇提取物引起大鼠学习,记忆和运动协调的剂量依赖性缺陷,并伴有抑郁症。结论是该植物具有神经毒性,并诱导几种神经行为改变。
  • 【积雪草提取物对DNCB诱导的HaCaT细胞和BALB / c小鼠特应性皮炎的抑制作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3390/nu12020411 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lee Y,Choi HK,N'deh KPU,Choi YJ,Fan M,Kim EK,Chung KH,An AJH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused mainly by immune dysregulation. This study explored the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of the Centellaasiatica ethanol extract (CA) on an AD-like dermal disorder. Treatment with CA inhibited the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a dose-dependent manner in inflammatory stimulated HaCaT cells by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and TNF-α-triggered inflammation. Eight-week-old BALB/c mice treated with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were used as a mouse model of AD. In AD induce model, we had two types treatment of CA; skin local administration (80 µg/cm2, AD+CA-80) and oral administration (200 mg/kg/d, AD+CA-200). Interestingly, the CA-treated groups exhibited considerably decreased mast cell infiltration in the ear tissue. In addition, the expression of IL-6 in mast cells, as well as the expression of various pathogenic cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, iNOS, COX-2, and CXCL9, was reduced in both AD+CA-80 and AD+CA-200 groups. Collectively, our data demonstrate the pharmacological role and signaling mechanism of CA in the regulation of allergic inflammation of the skin, which supports our hypothesis that CA could potentially be developed as a therapeutic agent for AD.
    背景与目标: 特应性皮炎(AD)是一种主要由免疫失调引起的慢性炎症性皮肤病。这项研究探讨了积雪草乙醇提取物(CA)对AD样皮肤病的抗炎和免疫调节作用。 CA对炎性刺激的HaCaT细胞中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和TNF-α的剂量依赖性抑制白介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达。引发的炎症。用2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)处理的八周大的BALB / c小鼠用作AD的小鼠模型。在AD诱导模型中,我们对CA进行了两种类型的治疗:皮肤局部给药(80 µg / cm2,AD CA-80)和口服给药(200 mg / kg / d,AD CA-200)。有趣的是,CA处理的组在耳组织中显示出肥大细胞浸润的明显减少。此外,肥大细胞中IL-6的表达以及各种病原性细胞因子的表达,例如TNF-α,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-10,IL-17,iNOS AD CA-80和AD CA-200组的COX-2和CXCL9含量均降低。总体而言,我们的数据证明了CA在调节皮肤过敏性炎症中的药理作用和信号传导机制,这支持了我们的假设,即CA可能被开发为AD的治疗剂。
  • 【自蚀刻胶粘剂对正常与涂片层脱蛋白牙本质的粘结耐久性:还原剂和植物提取物抗氧化剂的作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3290/j.jad.a38409 复制DOI
    作者列表:Prasansuttiporn T,Thanatvarakorn O,Tagami J,Foxton RM,Nakajima M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of a reducing agent and plant-extract antioxidant on the bonding durability of a self-etch adhesive to normal and NaOCl-treated, smear-layer-deproteinized dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Flat smear-layer-covered dentin surfaces from 60 extracted human molars were prepared by removing the occlusal enamel. The teeth were divided into two groups with or without NaOCl-deproteinizing treatment for 30 s, and further divided into three subgroups as follows: no application of antioxidant, application of Accel (p-toluenesulfinic acid sodium salt solution) for 5 s, or application of rosmarinic acid solution for 5 s. All treated dentin surfaces were bonded with a two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) and restored with composite (Clearfil AP-X). The bonded teeth were sectioned into a hourglass-shaped sticks with a composite-dentin bonded interface area of 1.0 mm2. After storage in artificial saliva for 24 h or 1 year, the specimens were subjected to the microtensile bond strength test (n = 15). Data were statistically analyzed with three-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, and the t-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS:Without an antioxidant, 1-year storage significantly reduced the bond strengths of the self-etch adhesive to normal and smear-layer-deproteinized dentin compared with those after 24-h storage (p < 0.05). Application of Accel and rosmarinic acid restored the compromised initial bond strengths to smear-layer-deproteinized dentin (p < 0.05), and prevented long-term deterioration of bond strengths to both normal and smear-layer-deproteinized dentin (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION:Application of Accel and rosmarinic acid improved bonding durability of the self-etch adhesive to both normal and smear-layer-deproteinized dentin.
    背景与目标: 目的:评估还原剂和植物提取的抗氧化剂对自蚀刻胶粘剂与正常和经NaOCl处理的涂片层脱蛋白牙本质的粘合耐久性的影响。
    材料与方法:通过去除咬合牙釉质,从60颗提取的人类磨牙中涂上涂有一层涂抹层的牙本质表面。将牙齿分为两组,接受或不接受NaOCl脱蛋白处理30s,然后进一步分为三个亚组:不使用抗氧化剂,不使用Accel(对甲苯磺酸钠盐溶液)5s或不使用迷迭香酸溶液5s。所有处理过的牙本质表面均用两步自蚀刻粘合剂(Clearfil SE Bond)粘合,并用复合材料(Clearfil AP-X)修复。将粘结的牙齿切成沙漏形的棒,其复合物-牙本质粘结的界面面积为1.0mm2。在人造唾液中保存24h或1年后,对样品进行微拉伸粘合强度测试(n = 15)。数据用三项方差分析,Tukey事后检验和t检验进行统计学分析(p <0.05)。
    结果:没有抗氧化剂,与24小时储存后相比,一年储存显着降低了自蚀刻粘合剂与正常和涂片层脱蛋白牙本质的粘合强度(p <0.05)。施用Accel和迷迭香酸可恢复受损的涂片层脱蛋白牙本质初始粘合强度(p <0.05),并防止正常和涂片层脱蛋白牙本质的粘合强度长期恶化(p> 0.05)。
    结论:Accel和迷迭香酸的应用改善了自蚀刻胶粘剂对正常和涂抹层脱蛋白牙本质的粘合耐久性。
  • 【裸子草叶的水提取物可通过抑制NF-κB活化和调节肠道菌群来保护硫酸葡聚糖钠诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2020.112554 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chen JF,Luo DD,Lin YS,Liu YH,Wu JZ,Yi XQ,Wu Y,Zhang Q,Gao CJ,Cai J,Su ZR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Ulcerative colitis (UC) is tightly associated with inflammation response and oxidative stress. As a folk medicine applied in treatment of diarrhea, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza also possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, which indicated that B. gymnorrhiza may exert anti-colitis effect. AIM OF THE STUDY:To investigate effect and mechanism of B. gymnorrhiza on experimental UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Aqueous extract of B. gymnorrhiza leaves (ABL) was used for investigation in the present study. Murine UC was established through access to 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. Meanwhile, mice accepted treatment with ABL (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (200 mg/kg) once daily. On the last day, disease activity index (DAI) including body weight loss, fecal character and degree of bloody diarrhea was evaluated, colon segments were obtained for length measurement and further analysis and feces were collected for intestinal microbiota analysis. RESULTS:ABL ameliorated DAI scores, colon length shortening and histopathological damage in DSS-induced colitis mice obviously. SOD activity, levels of MDA and GSH altered by colitis were restored remarkably after ABL treatment. ABL inhibited increases in levels of colonic COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-11 in colitis mice. Moreover, ABL prominently suppressed NF-κB p65 and IκB phosphorylation and down-regulated mRNA levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β elevated by colitis. As shown in microbiota analysis, ABL modulated composition of intestinal microbiota of colitis mice. CONCLUSION:ABL exhibited protective effect against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through suppressing NF-κB activation and modulating intestinal microbiota.
    背景与目标: 人类药理学联系:溃疡性结肠炎(UC)与炎症反应和氧化应激密切相关。作为一种用于治疗腹泻的民间药物,裸子草还具有抗炎和抗氧化的作用,这表明裸子草芽孢杆菌可能具有抗结肠炎的作用。
    研究目的:探讨裸露芽孢杆菌对实验性UC的作用及其机制。
    材料与方法:本研究以裸子叶芥菜叶片(ABL)的水提物为研究对象。通过使用3%的葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)7天来建立小鼠UC。同时,小鼠每天接受一次ABL(25、50、100 mg / kg)或柳氮磺胺吡啶(200Âmg/ kg)的治疗。在最后一天,评估包括体重减轻,粪便特性和血性腹泻程度在内的疾病活动指数(DAI),获得结肠段以进行长度测量并进一步分析,并收集粪便用于肠道菌群分析。
    结果:ABL可明显改善DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠的DAI评分,结肠长度缩短和组织病理学损伤。 ABL治疗后,结肠炎改变了SOD活性,MDA和GSH水平。 ABL抑制结肠炎小鼠结肠COX-2,iNOS,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,IL-4,IL-10和IL-11的水平增加。此外,ABL显着抑制了由结肠炎引起的NF-κBp65和IκB磷酸化,并下调了COX-2,iNOS,TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1β的mRNA水平。如微生物群分析所示,ABL调节了结肠炎小鼠肠道微生物群的组成。
    结论:ABL通过抑制NF-κB活化和调节肠道菌群对DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎具有保护作用。
  • 【Bcl-2家族成员参与马尾松树皮提取物中可诱导HeLa细胞凋亡。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ptr.2496 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ma H,Lai F,Xie H,Wang J,Wang H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) contains a variety of flavonoids whose antioxidant properties have been confirmed in vitro. This study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of cell death on the PMBE-treated human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. PMBE treatment led to cell growth inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and PMBE-induced apoptosis was confirmed by DAPI staining, TUNEL assays and sub-G1 phase accumulation. Cell cycle was also arrested in G2/M phase. Immunoblotting analysis showed that cytochrome c was released, the protein expression of Bax was increased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated and caspase-9 and -3 were activated in PMBE-treated HeLa cells. Taken together, PMBE inhibited proliferation, induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells, indicating that PMBE may be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer.
    背景与目标: 马尾松树皮提取物(PMBE)含有多种类黄酮,这些类黄酮的抗氧化性能已在体外得到证实。进行这项研究以评估对PMBE处理的人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的细胞毒性作用和细胞死亡的机制。 PMBE处理以剂量和时间依赖性方式导致细胞生长抑制,并且通过DAPI染色,TUNEL分析和sub-G1期积累证实了PMBE诱导的凋亡。细胞周期也被阻滞在G2 / M期。免疫印迹分析表明,在PMBE处理的HeLa细胞中,细胞色素c被释放,Bax的蛋白表达增加,Bcl-2的蛋白表达下调,并且caspase-9和-3被激活。两者合计,PMBE抑制增殖,诱导凋亡并导致HeLa细胞中的细胞周期停滞,表明PMBE可能是潜在的癌症治疗剂。

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