• 【慢性心脏病患者的抑郁和焦虑: 风险和预测因素的年龄差异。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/nur.4770130205 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nickel JT,Brown KJ,Smith BA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Anxiety and depression for 399 survivors of a 1,102-member heart disease cohort were assessed 8 to 9 years post-hospitalization. Approximately one-third reported symptoms of emotional distress and one-fourth were on anti-anxiety drugs. Predictors of anxiety and depression were analyzed through logistic regression. Subjects age 65 and over were less likely than younger patients to report anxiety or depression and also reported less heart-associated disability, the strongest predictor of distress for both age groups. Other significant predictors included a previous history of distress, low income, female sex, and beta blocker use.
    背景与目标: : 住院后8至9年评估了一个由1,102名成员组成的心脏病队列的399幸存者的焦虑和抑郁。大约3分之1个报告的情绪困扰和4分之1症状是使用抗焦虑药物。通过logistic回归分析焦虑和抑郁的预测因子。与年轻患者相比,65岁及以上的受试者报告焦虑或抑郁的可能性较小,并且与心脏相关的残疾也较少,这是两个年龄组中困扰的最强预测指标。其他重要的预测因素包括以前的困扰史,低收入,女性性别和使用 β 受体阻滞剂。
  • 【抑郁症和心血管疾病: 简单模型的终结。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.110502 复制DOI
    作者列表:de Jonge P,Roest AM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this editorial, we propose that the association between depression and cardiovascular disease may be conceptualised as a continuous, bidirectional process that originates in youth. The paper byÅberg and colleagues in this issue adds to this literature showing that low cardiovascular fitness at adolescence increases the risk of future depression.
    背景与目标: : 在这篇社论中,我们建议抑郁症与心血管疾病之间的关联可以概念化为一个持续的,双向的过程,起源于青年。这期的论文by å berg及其同事补充了这些文献,表明青春期心血管健康水平低会增加未来抑郁症的风险。
  • 【AGTR1与晚期抑郁症18个月治疗结果的关联。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/JGP.0b013e31805470a4 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kondo DG,Speer MC,Krishnan KR,McQuoid DR,Slifer SH,Pieper CF,Billups AV,Steffens DC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Converging lines of evidence implicate vascular factors in late-life depression, and argue that late-life depression is a distinct entity among the mood disorders. The A1166C polymorphism in the angiotensin II receptor, vascular type 1 (AGTR1) gene has been associated with a range of vascular diseases. This study investigated the association of AGTR1 genotype on 18-month treatment outcome in late-life depression. METHODS:In a large, prospective cohort study, patients with late-life depression received individualized treatment using a standardized algorithm. The authors genotyped participants at the AGTR1 A1166C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using standardized methodology, then used survival analysis to estimate the impact of A1166C and demographic variables on time to remission during 18 months of follow-up. RESULTS:The hazard ratio for AGTR1 homozygous C/C status was 0.37. The A1166C SNP showed evidence for genotypic and allelic association in a comparison of remitted and unremitted/censored subjects. CONCLUSION:Consistent with its association with numerous vascular disorders, AGTR1 is associated with treatment outcome in late-life depression. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding, and to investigate the impact of other genetic markers of vascular disease on late-life depression outcome.
    背景与目标:
  • 【艾司西酞普兰治疗围绝经期抑郁症: 一项开放标签的初步研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1089/jwh.2006.15.857 复制DOI
    作者列表:Freeman MP,Hill R,Brumbach BH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Women have a relatively high risk of experiencing depressive episodes during the perimenopause. Indications for and acceptance of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are increasingly controversial, and serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants are an attractive potential treatment option for both the mood and somatic symptoms of perimenopause. METHODS:This study is an open-label, 8-week trial of escitalopram for perimenopausal depression and somatic symptoms associated with perimenopause. Twenty women received escitalopram and were serially assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD, 30-item), the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). RESULTS:There were significant differences between pretest and posttest scores for each measure, as demonstrated in an intent-to-treat analysis: GCS (p < 0.0001), HAM-D30 (p < 0.0001), and CGI (p < 0.0001). Two subjects dropped out prior to the second visit because of drug side effects. In this study, benefits of treatment were observed in several domains of perimenopausal symptoms, including those representative of psychological, vasomotor, and somatic symptoms. The limitations of this study are small sample size and lack of placebo control. CONCLUSIONS:Larger, long-term, controlled trials of antidepressants are warranted for the treatment of perimenopausal depression and associated somatic symptoms.
    背景与目标:
  • 【5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗冠心病患者的抑郁症有多安全?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00374-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sheline YI,Freedland KE,Carney RM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Depression occurs frequently in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and confers significant risk for additional morbidity and mortality. The cardiac effects of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been well characterized. In contrast, the cardiac effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been less thoroughly investigated. The Medline database from 1986 to 1996 was searched for all reports of cardiac effects of SSRIs, and this literature is summarized. In addition, potential drug interactions, reports of side effects, and efficacy studies in the elderly are reviewed. Finally, recommendations are made considering the risk/benefit ratio.
    背景与目标: : 抑郁症经常发生在冠心病 (CHD) 患者中,并赋予额外发病率和死亡率的重大风险。三环抗抑郁药 (TCAs) 的心脏作用已得到很好的表征。相比之下,选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂 (SSRIs) 的心脏作用尚未得到彻底研究。在Medline数据库1986年1996年中搜索了SSRIs的所有心脏影响报告,并总结了这些文献。此外,还回顾了潜在的药物相互作用,副作用报告和老年人的疗效研究。最后,考虑风险/收益比提出建议。
  • 【对抑郁的反应及其对抑郁发作持续时间的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037//0021-843x.100.4.569 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nolen-Hoeksema S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :I propose that the ways people respond to their own symptoms of depression influence the duration of these symptoms. People who engage in ruminative responses to depression, focusing on their symptoms and the possible causes and consequences of their symptoms, will show longer depressions than people who take action to distract themselves from their symptoms. Ruminative responses prolong depression because they allow the depressed mood to negatively bias thinking and interfere with instrumental behavior and problem-solving. Laboratory and field studies directly testing this theory have supported its predictions. I discuss how response styles can explain the greater likelihood of depression in women than men. Then I intergrate this response styles theory with studies of coping with discrete events. The response styles theory is compared to other theories of the duration of depression. Finally, I suggest what may help a depressed person to stop engaging in ruminative responses and how response styles for depression may develop.
    背景与目标: : 我建议人们对自己的抑郁症状的反应方式会影响这些症状的持续时间。对抑郁症进行反刍反应的人,专注于他们的症状以及症状的可能原因和后果,与采取行动分散自己的症状的人相比,抑郁症的时间将更长。反刍反应延长了抑郁症,因为它们使沮丧的情绪产生负面偏见,并干扰工具行为和解决问题的方法。直接测试该理论的实验室和现场研究支持了其预测。我讨论了应对方式如何解释女性比男性患抑郁症的可能性。然后,我将这种反应风格理论与应对离散事件的研究相结合。将反应风格理论与抑郁症持续时间的其他理论进行了比较。最后,我建议什么可以帮助抑郁症患者停止反刍反应,以及抑郁症的反应方式如何发展。
  • 【六项汉密尔顿抑郁量表的敏感性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09649.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:O'Sullivan RL,Fava M,Agustin C,Baer L,Rosenbaum JF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: We studied the sensitivity in detecting changes of the 6-item version of the original 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and compared it with the more widely used versions among 164 depressed outpatients with and without atypical features before and after treatment with fluoxetine. The 6-item HAM-D was shown to be as sensitive as the 17-, 21- and 24-item versions of this scale. In addition, the different versions of the HAM-D were strongly correlated with each other at baseline and at the endpoint. It appears that the 6-item version of the HAM-D allows the assessment of severity of depression with comparable sensitivity to the standard and more elaborate versions of the same scale.

    背景与目标: 我们研究了检测原始17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (ham-d) 的6项版本变化的敏感性,并将其与164例患有和没有非典型特征的抑郁症门诊患者中更广泛使用的版本进行了比较氟西汀治疗前后。显示6个项目的ham-d与该量表的17、21和24个项目版本一样敏感。此外,不同版本的ham-d在基线和终点彼此之间高度相关。看来,ham-d的6个项目版本可以评估抑郁症的严重程度,其敏感性与相同量表的标准版本和更精细的版本相当。
  • 【直流电疗法与艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1612999 复制DOI
    作者列表:Brunoni AR,Moffa AH,Sampaio-Junior B,Borrione L,Moreno ML,Fernandes RA,Veronezi BP,Nogueira BS,Aparicio LVM,Razza LB,Chamorro R,Tort LC,Fraguas R,Lotufo PA,Gattaz WF,Fregni F,Benseñor IM,ELECT-TDCS Investigators.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:We compared transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) with a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of depression. METHODS:In a single-center, double-blind, noninferiority trial involving adults with unipolar depression, we randomly assigned patients to receive tDCS plus oral placebo, sham tDCS plus escitalopram, or sham tDCS plus oral placebo. The tDCS was administered in 30-minute, 2-mA prefrontal stimulation sessions for 15 consecutive weekdays, followed by 7 weekly treatments. Escitalopram was given at a dose of 10 mg per day for 3 weeks and 20 mg per day thereafter. The primary outcome measure was the change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) score (range, 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating more depression). Noninferiority of tDCS versus escitalopram was defined by a lower boundary of the confidence interval for the difference in the decreased score that was at least 50% of the difference in the scores with placebo versus escitalopram. RESULTS:A total of 245 patients underwent randomization, with 91 being assigned to escitalopram, 94 to tDCS, and 60 to placebo. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the mean (±SD) decrease in the score from baseline was 11.3±6.5 points in the escitalopram group, 9.0±7.1 points in the tDCS group, and 5.8±7.9 points in the placebo group. The lower boundary of the confidence interval for the difference in the decrease for tDCS versus escitalopram (difference, -2.3 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.3 to -0.4; P=0.69) was lower than the noninferiority margin of -2.75 (50% of placebo minus escitalopram), so noninferiority could not be claimed. Escitalopram and tDCS were both superior to placebo (difference vs. placebo, 5.5 points [95% CI, 3.1 to 7.8; P<0.001] and 3.2 points [95% CI, 0.7 to 5.5; P=0.01], respectively). Patients receiving tDCS had higher rates of skin redness, tinnitus, and nervousness than did those in the other two groups, and new-onset mania developed in 2 patients in the tDCS group. Patients receiving escitalopram had more frequent sleepiness and obstipation than did those in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS:In a single-center trial, tDCS for the treatment of depression did not show noninferiority to escitalopram over a 10-week period and was associated with more adverse events. (Funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and others; ELECT-TDCS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01894815 .).
    背景与目标:
  • 【重度抑郁症治疗后复发与认知反应性的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037/0022-006X.75.3.447 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fresco DM,Segal ZV,Buis T,Kennedy S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Z. V. Segal et al. (2006) demonstrated that depressed patients treated to remission through either antidepressant medication (ADM) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), but who evidenced mood-linked increases in dysfunctional thinking, showed elevated rates of relapse over 18 months. The current study sought to evaluate whether treatment response was associated with gains in decentering-the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary, objective events in the mind-and whether these gains moderated the relationship between mood-linked cognitive reactivity and relapse of major depression. Findings revealed that CBT responders exhibited significantly greater gains in decentering compared with ADM responders. In addition, high post acute treatment levels of decentering and low cognitive reactivity were associated with the lowest rates of relapse in the 18-month follow-up period.
    背景与目标: : Z。五.Segal等人 (2006) 证明,抑郁症患者通过抗抑郁药物 (ADM) 或认知行为疗法 (CBT) 治疗缓解,但证明了功能障碍思维的情绪相关增加,显示出超过18个月的复发率升高。当前的研究试图评估治疗反应是否与偏心的增加有关-观察一个人的思想和感觉作为暂时的,客观的心理事件的能力-以及这些增加是否缓解了与情绪相关的认知反应与重抑郁症复发之间的关系。调查结果显示,与ADM响应者相比,CBT响应者在偏心方面表现出更大的收益。此外,在18个月的随访期内,急性治疗后高水平的偏心和低认知反应性与最低的复发率相关。
  • 【静息心率预测缺血性卒中后早期抑郁和认知: 一项初步研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.040 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tessier A,Sibon I,Poli M,Audiffren M,Allard M,Pfeuty M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Early detection of poststroke depression (PSD) and cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains challenging. It is well documented that the function of autonomic nervous system is associated with depression and cognition. However, their relationship has never been investigated in the early poststroke phase. This pilot study aimed at determining whether resting heart rate (HR) parameters measured in early poststroke phase (1) are associated with early-phase measures of depression and cognition and (2) could be used as new tools for early objective prediction of PSD or PSCI, which could be applicable to patients unable to answer usual questionnaires. METHODS:Fifty-four patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, without cardiac arrhythmia, were assessed for resting HR and heart rate variability (HRV) within the first week after stroke and for depression and cognition during the first week and at 3 months after stroke. RESULTS:Multiple regression analyses controlled for age, gender, and stroke severity revealed that higher HR, lower HRV, and higher sympathovagal balance (low-frequency/high-frequency ratio of HRV) were associated with higher severity of depressive symptoms within the first week after stroke. Furthermore, higher sympathovagal balance in early phase predicted higher severity of depressive symptoms at the 3-month follow-up, whereas higher HR and lower HRV in early phase predicted lower global cognitive functioning at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Resting HR measurements obtained in early poststroke phase could serve as an objective tool, applicable to patients unable to complete questionnaires, to help in the early prediction of PSD and PSCI.
    背景与目标:
  • 【Β 淀粉样蛋白诱导的海马长时程增强抑制是通过胰淀素受体介导的。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3028-12.2012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kimura R,MacTavish D,Yang J,Westaway D,Jhamandas JH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain regions that subserve memory and cognition. The amylin receptor is a potential target receptor for expression of the deleterious actions of soluble oligomeric Aβ species. We investigated whether the amylin receptor antagonist, AC253, neutralizes the depressant effects of Aβ(1-42) and human amylin on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). Furthermore, we examined whether depressed levels of LTP observed in transgenic mice, which overexpress amyloid precursor protein (TgCRND8), could be restored with AC253. In mouse hippocampal brain slices, field EPSPs were recorded from the stratum radiatum layer of the CA1 area (cornu ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus) in response to electrical stimulation of Schaeffer collateral afferents. LTP was induced by 3-theta burst stimulation protocols. Aβ(1-42) (50 nM) and human amylin (50 nM), but not Aβ(42-1) (50 nM), depressed LTP evoked using both stimulation protocols. Preapplication of AC253 (250 nM) blocked Aβ- and human amylin-induced reduction of LTP without affecting baseline transmission or LTP on its own. In contrast to wild-type controls, where robust LTP is observed, 6- to 12-month-old TgCRND8 mice show blunted LTP that is significantly enhanced by application of AC253. Our data demonstrate that the effects of Aβ(1-42) and human amylin on LTP are expressed via the amylin receptor, and moreover, blockade of this receptor increases LTP in transgenic mice that show increased brain amyloid burden. Amylin receptor antagonists could serve as potentially useful therapeutic agents in AD.
    背景与目标: : 阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 的特征是淀粉样 β 肽 (a β) 在辅助记忆和认知的大脑区域积累。胰淀素受体是表达可溶性寡聚a β 物种有害作用的潜在靶受体。我们调查了胰淀素受体拮抗剂AC253是否中和a β(1-42) 和人胰淀素对海马长时程增强 (LTP) 的抑制作用。此外,我们检查了在过度表达淀粉样前体蛋白 (TgCRND8) 的转基因小鼠中观察到的LTP水平是否可以用ac253恢复。在小鼠海马脑切片中,响应于Schaeffer侧支传入的电刺激,从CA1区 (海马的cornu ammonis 1区) 的放射层层记录了场epsp。LTP是由3 θ 爆发刺激方案诱导的。使用两种刺激方案诱发的降低LTP的a β(1-42) (50 nM) 和人胰淀素 (50 nM),而不是a β(42-1) (50 nM)。预先应用AC253 (250 nM) 阻止了a β-和人胰淀素诱导的LTP减少,而不影响基线传输或LTP本身。与观察到健壮的LTP的野生型对照相反,6至12个月大的TgCRND8小鼠显示出钝的LTP,通过应用ac253显着增强了LTP。我们的数据表明,a β(1-42) 和人胰淀素对LTP的作用是通过胰淀素受体表达的,此外,对该受体的阻断会增加显示出大脑淀粉样蛋白负担增加的转基因小鼠的LTP。胰淀素受体拮抗剂可作为AD中潜在有用的治疗剂。
  • 【初级保健中的抑郁、焦虑和躯体化: 综合征重叠和功能障碍。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.01.001 复制DOI
    作者列表:Löwe B,Spitzer RL,Williams JB,Mussell M,Schellberg D,Kroenke K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To determine diagnostic overlap of depression, anxiety and somatization as well as their unique and overlapping contribution to functional impairment. METHOD:Two thousand ninety-one consecutive primary care clinic patients participated in a multicenter cross-sectional survey in 15 primary care clinics in the United States (participation rate, 92%). Depression, anxiety, somatization and functional impairment were assessed using validated scales from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) (PHQ-8, eight-item depression module; GAD-7, seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; and PHQ-15, 15-item somatic symptom scale) and the Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-20). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate unique and overlapping associations of depression, anxiety and somatization with functional impairment. RESULTS:In over 50% of cases, comorbidities existed between depression, anxiety and somatization. The contribution of the commonalities of depression, anxiety and somatization to functional impairment substantially exceeded the contribution of their independent parts. Nevertheless, depression, anxiety and somatization did have important and individual effects (i.e., separate from their overlap effect) on certain areas of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS:Given the large syndrome overlap, a potential consideration for future diagnostic classification would be to describe basic diagnostic criteria for a single overarching disorder and to optionally code additional diagnostic features that allow a more detailed classification into specific depressive, anxiety and somatoform subtypes.
    背景与目标:
  • 【日粮蛋白质和维生素水平对生长中的雄性大鼠在每日节律紊乱下性腺发育抑制的交互作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3177/jnsv.53.138 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hanai M,Esashi T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of nutrients on the gonadal development of male rats kept under constant darkness as a model of disturbed daily rhythm. The present study examined protein and vitamins, and their interactions. This study was based on three-way ANOVA; the three factors were lighting conditions, dietary protein and dietary vitamins, respectively. The levels of dietary protein were low or normal: 9% casein or 20% casein. The levels of dietary vitamins were low, normal or high: 1/3.3 of normal (AIN-93G diet) content, normal content, or three times the normal content, respectively. Other compositions were the same as those of the AIN-93G diet, and six kinds of experimental diet were prepared. Four-week-old rats (Fischer 344 strain) were kept under constant darkness or normal lighting (12-h light/dark cycle) for 4 wk. After 4 wk, the gonadal weights and serum testosterone content were evaluated. In the constant darkness groups (D-groups), the low-protein diet induced reduction of gonadal organ weights and serum testosterone concentrations. This reduction of gonadal organ weights was exacerbated by progressively higher levels of dietary vitamins. In the case of a normal-protein diet, the depression of gonadal development was not accelerated by high-vitamin intake. In the normal lighting groups (N-groups), the low-protein and high-vitamin diet slightly depressed gonadal development. These results suggest that the metabolism of protein and vitamins is different in rats being kept under constant darkness, and that excess dietary vitamins have an adverse effect on gonadal development in rats fed a low-protein diet.
    背景与目标: : 这项研究的目的是阐明营养物质对持续处于黑暗状态下的雄性大鼠性腺发育的影响,以此作为每日节律紊乱的模型。本研究检查了蛋白质和维生素及其相互作用。本研究基于三次方差分析; 这三个因素分别是光照条件、膳食蛋白质和膳食维生素。膳食蛋白质水平低或正常: 9% 酪蛋白或20% 酪蛋白。饮食中的维生素水平低,正常或高: 正常 (AIN-93G饮食) 含量的1/3.3,正常含量或正常含量的3倍。其他组成与AIN-93G饮食相同,并准备了六种实验饮食。将4周龄的大鼠 (Fischer 344品系) 保持在恒定的黑暗或正常照明下 (12小时的光/暗周期) 4周。4周后,评估性腺重量和血清睾丸激素含量。在恒定的黑暗组 (D组) 中,低蛋白饮食导致性腺器官重量和血清睾丸激素浓度降低。饮食中维生素的含量逐渐增加,加剧了性腺器官重量的减少。在正常蛋白质饮食的情况下,高维生素摄入量不会加速性腺发育的抑制。在正常照明组 (N组) 中,低蛋白和高维生素饮食会稍微抑制性腺发育。这些结果表明,在持续黑暗的情况下,大鼠的蛋白质和维生素的代谢是不同的,并且过量的饮食维生素对喂养低蛋白饮食的大鼠的性腺发育有不利影响。
  • 【低工作场所社会资本作为抑郁症的预测指标: 芬兰公共部门研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/aje/kwn067 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kouvonen A,Oksanen T,Vahtera J,Stafford M,Wilkinson R,Schneider J,Väänänen A,Virtanen M,Cox SJ,Pentti J,Elovainio M,Kivimäki M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In a prospective cohort study of Finnish public sector employees, the authors examined the association between workplace social capital and depression. Data were obtained from 33,577 employees, who had no recent history of antidepressant treatment and who reported no history of physician-diagnosed depression at baseline in 2000-2002. Their risk of depression was measured with two indicators: recorded purchases of antidepressants until December 31, 2005, and self-reports of new-onset depression diagnosed by a physician in the follow-up survey in 2004-2005. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to explore whether self-reported and aggregate-level workplace social capital predicted indicators of depression at follow-up. The odds for antidepressant treatment and physician-diagnosed depression were 20-50% higher for employees with low self-reported social capital than for those reporting high social capital. These associations were not accounted for by sex, age, marital status, socioeconomic position, place of work, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and body mass index. The association between social capital and self-reported depression attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for baseline psychological distress (a proxy for undiagnosed mental health problems). Aggregate-level social capital was not associated with subsequent depression.
    背景与目标: : 在一项对芬兰公共部门雇员的前瞻性队列研究中,作者研究了工作场所社会资本与抑郁症之间的关联。数据来自33,577名员工,他们最近没有抗抑郁药治疗史,并且在2000-2002年的基线时没有医生诊断的抑郁症病史。通过两个指标来衡量他们的抑郁症风险: 记录到2005年12月31日之前的抗抑郁药购买量,以及2004-2005年医生在随访调查中诊断出的新发抑郁症的自我报告。使用多水平logistic回归分析来探讨自我报告和综合水平的工作场所社会资本是否可以预测随访时的抑郁指标。自我报告社会资本低的员工的抗抑郁治疗和医生诊断的抑郁症的几率比报告社会资本高的员工高20-50%。这些关联没有按性别,年龄,婚姻状况,社会经济地位,工作地点,吸烟,饮酒,体育锻炼和体重指数来解释。社会资本与自我报告的抑郁症之间的关联减弱,但在进一步调整基线心理困扰 (未诊断的精神卫生问题的代表) 后仍然显着。总水平的社会资本与随后的萧条无关。
  • 【根据 “强大的非裔美国人家庭计划”,护理人员抑郁症的变化。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.241 复制DOI
    作者列表:Beach SR,Kogan SM,Brody GH,Chen YF,Lei MK,Murry VM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A randomized prevention trial contrasted families who participated in the Strong African American Families Program (SAAF), a preventive intervention for rural African American parents and their 11-year-olds, with control families. This article focuses on the program's effect on primary caregivers' depressive symptoms. Among the 167 caregivers with elevated scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, SAAF participation was associated with reduced depressive symptoms, enhanced parenting, and perceived improvements in youth behavior. Change in parenting (consistent discipline, youth monitoring, and open communication) but not change in youth intrapersonal competencies significantly mediated intervention effects on caregivers' depression. Results support the link between reduced depressive symptoms and stronger family relationships, particularly the importance of enhanced parenting efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms.
    背景与目标: : 一项随机预防试验将参加 “强非裔美国人家庭计划” (SAAF) 的家庭与对照家庭进行了对比,该计划是针对农村非裔美国人父母及其11岁儿童的预防干预措施。本文重点介绍该计划对主要照顾者抑郁症状的影响。在流行病学研究中心-抑郁量表得分较高的167名照顾者中,SAAF的参与与减轻的抑郁症状,增强的育儿能力和青少年行为的改善有关。父母的改变 (一致的纪律,青少年的监督和开放的沟通),但青少年的个人内部能力的改变却没有显着调节对照顾者抑郁的干预作用。结果支持减轻抑郁症状与加强家庭关系之间的联系,尤其是增强育儿功效对减轻抑郁症状的重要性。

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