• 【月经大量出血的青春期女性缺铁和乏力。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/hae.12046 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang W,Bourgeois T,Klima J,Berlan ED,Fischer AN,O'Brien SH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Iron deficiency and fatigue are common problems in adolescent females. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is associated with both iron deficiency and fatigue. The aim of this study was to define baseline ferritin values and fatigue symptoms in a population of young females with excessive menstrual blood loss, as compared to healthy controls. The study population included 11 to 17-year-old menstruating females presenting to an Adolescent Gynaecology Clinic, Menorrhagia Clinic or Sports Medicine clinic. To evaluate the degree and effects of menstrual blood loss, we utilized the Ruta Menorrhagia Severity Score. We investigated the symptoms of fatigue using the Fatigue Severity Scale. We evaluated possible predictors of ferritin level (age, body mass index, fatigue scores and Menorrhagia Severity Score) using generalized linear models. A total of 48 adolescents with HMB and 102 healthy adolescents completed the study. Iron deficiency and elevated fatigue scores were common findings in young women with HMB. Both fatigue severity scores and menorrhagia severity scores were significantly higher in young women with HMB as compared to healthy controls. In adolescents with HMB, 87.5% had ferritin levels ≤40 ng mL(-1), and 29.2% had ferritin levels ≤15 ng mL(-1). Our generalized linear models did not identify any significant univariate relationships between ferritin levels and patient age, body mass index, fatigue score or menorrhagia score. Iron deficiency and symptoms of fatigue are common findings in young women with HMB. Fatigue severity scores are significantly higher in young women with HMB as compared to healthy controls.
    背景与目标: : 缺铁乏力是青春期女性的常见问题。大量月经出血 (HMB) 与铁缺乏和乏力有关。这项研究的目的是确定与健康对照组相比,月经失血过多的年轻女性人群的基线铁蛋白值和乏力症状。研究人群包括11至17岁的经期女性,这些女性在青春期妇科诊所,月经过多诊所或运动医学诊所就诊。为了评估月经失血的程度和影响,我们使用了Ruta月经过多严重程度评分。我们使用乏力严重程度量表调查乏力症状。我们使用广义线性模型评估了铁蛋白水平的可能预测因子 (年龄,体重指数,乏力评分和月经过多严重程度评分)。共有48名HMB青少年和102名健康青少年完成了这项研究。铁缺乏和乏力评分升高是HMB年轻女性的常见发现。与健康对照组相比,患有HMB的年轻女性乏力严重程度评分和月经过多严重程度评分均显着更高。在患有HMB的青少年中,87.5% 的铁蛋白水平 ≤ 40 ng mL(-1),29.2% 的铁蛋白水平 ≤ 15 ng mL(-1)。我们的广义线性模型没有确定铁蛋白水平与患者年龄,体重指数,乏力评分或月经过多评分之间的任何显着的单变量关系。铁缺乏和乏力症状是HMB年轻女性的常见发现。与健康对照组相比,患有HMB的年轻女性乏力严重程度评分明显更高。
  • 【anakinra在患有抗秋水仙碱的家族性地中海发热的青少年中的功效。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00431-007-0547-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Calligaris L,Marchetti F,Tommasini A,Ventura A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Colchicine is the treatment of choice in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) for the prevention of both attacks and secondary amyloidosis. The overall nonresponder rate is about 5-10%. Anakinra is known to have good effectiveness in a severe autoinflammatory syndrome [chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome] and other recurrent hereditary periodic fevers. Pyrin--the protein involved in FMF--has a role in activating the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta. We report the effectiveness of the addition of an IL-1-receptor inhibitor (anakinra) to colchicine in controlling the febrile attacks and acute phase response in an adolescent with FMF resistant to colchicine.
    背景与目标: : 秋水仙碱是家族性地中海发热 (FMF) 预防发作和继发性淀粉样变性的首选治疗方法。总体无应答率约为5-10%。众所周知,Anakinra在严重的自身炎症综合征 (慢性婴儿神经性皮肤和关节 (CINCA) 综合征) 和其他复发性遗传性周期性发烧中具有良好的疗效。Pyrin (参与FMF的蛋白质) 在激活促炎细胞因子白介素 (IL)-1β 中起作用。我们报告了在秋水仙碱中添加IL-1-receptor抑制剂 (anakinra) 在控制FMF对秋水仙碱耐药的青少年的发热发作和急性期反应中的有效性。
  • 【青少年特发性脊柱侧凸病因学的最新进展。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00264-007-0393-y 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cheung KM,Wang T,Qiu GX,Luk KD
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aetiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is still unknown despite many years of research effort. Theories on AIS's aetiology have included mechanical, hormonal, metabolic, neuromuscular, growth, and genetic abnormalities. Amongst these, some factors may be epiphenomena rather than the cause itself. Other factors may even contribute to curve progression, rather than curve initiation. Current views maintain that AIS is a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposing factors [Lowe et al. in J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 82:1157-1168, 2000]. With improvements in diagnostic methods, imaging and genomics, there has been considerable recent work on aetiology. This review aims to bring readers up-to-date with the latest developments in scoliosis research.
    背景与目标: : 尽管经过多年的研究,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸 (AIS) 的病因仍然未知。AIS病因学的理论包括机械,激素,代谢,神经肌肉,生长和遗传异常。其中,某些因素可能是现象,而不是原因本身。其他因素甚至可能导致曲线进展,而不是曲线启动。目前的观点认为,AIS是具有遗传易感因素的多因素疾病 [Lowe等人在J骨关节外科 [Am] 82:1157-1168,2000]。随着诊断方法,影像学和基因组学的改进,最近在病因学方面开展了大量工作。这篇综述旨在使读者了解脊柱侧弯研究的最新进展。
  • 【在家庭支持薄弱,父母关系薄弱的青少年中,青春期前的关系可以作为心理病理学的缓冲。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/BF02353350 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bachar E,Canetti L,Bonne O,De-Nour AK,Shalev AY
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study examines the degree to which the existence of a pre-adolescent "chum" interacts with family and social environments to buffer mental distress in adolescents. 831 high school students participated in this study, (male476; mean age 16.7 +/- 1.0). Subjects were administered questionnaires assessing psychopathology and support systems. A pathway analyses model was used to investigate pathways and their interrelationships from chum to psychopathology and from social and family support to psychopathology. Only when adolescents experience weak parental bonding does chumship have a role in buffering distress.

    背景与目标: 这项研究考察了青春期前 “chum” 的存在与家庭和社会环境相互作用以缓解青少年精神困扰的程度。831名高中生参加了这项研究 (male476; 平均年龄16.7 +/- 1.0)。对受试者进行了评估心理病理学和支持系统的问卷调查。使用途径分析模型来研究从chum到心理病理学以及从社会和家庭支持到心理病理学的途径及其相互关系。只有当青少年经历弱的父母关系时,才能在缓解痛苦中发挥作用。
  • 【烟草渴望预示着青少年吸烟者在戒烟治疗中会吸烟。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/14622200701365178 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bagot KS,Heishman SJ,Moolchan ET
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Previous research indicates that tobacco craving predicts relapse to smoking among adult smokers attempting to quit. We hypothesized a similar relationship between craving and lapse (any smoking following a period of abstinence) among adolescent smokers during the treatment phase of a clinical trial. A visit was considered a lapse visit if the participant reported smoking or had a carbon monoxide level of 7 ppm or greater subsequent to an abstinent visit. A total of 34 participants (mean age = 14.9 years [SD = 1.3]; mean cigarettes/day = 18.0 [SD = 7.6]; mean Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score = 6.8 [SD = 1.34]; 65% female), were included in the present analysis of 167 treatment visits. Logistic regression analyses showed a positive relationship between degree of craving, measured by the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges, and lapse during smoking cessation treatment (p = .013). Additionally, linear regression analyses demonstrated a strong positive association between cigarettes smoked per day and craving scores (p<.001). Taken together with other data, these findings suggest that degree of craving might influence tobacco abstinence for adolescent smokers. Thus monitoring and addressing craving appears useful to increase the success of adolescent smoking cessation.
    背景与目标: : 先前的研究表明,对烟草的渴望预示着试图戒烟的成年吸烟者的吸烟复发。我们假设在临床试验的治疗阶段,青少年吸烟者的渴望和戒烟 (禁欲一段时间后吸烟) 之间存在相似的关系。如果参与者报告吸烟或在禁欲访视后一氧化碳水平达到7 ppm或更高,则该访视被认为是短暂访视。共有34名参与者 (平均年龄 = 14.9岁 [SD = 1.3]; 平均香烟/天 = 18.0 [SD = 7.6]; 平均fagerstr ö m测试的尼古丁依赖性评分 = 6.8 [SD = 1.34]; 65% 名女性) 被包括在167治疗访问的当前分析中。Logistic回归分析显示,通过吸烟冲动问卷测量的渴望程度与戒烟治疗期间的失误之间存在正相关关系 (p = .013)。此外,线性回归分析表明,每天吸烟与渴望得分之间存在很强的正相关 (p<.001)。结合其他数据,这些发现表明,渴望程度可能会影响青少年吸烟者的戒烟。因此,监测和解决渴望似乎有助于提高青少年戒烟的成功率。
  • 6 Asymptomatic rickets in adolescent girls. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【青春期女孩无症状佝偻病。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s12098-007-0095-x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Dahifar H,Faraji A,Yassobi S,Ghorbani A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Inadequate sunlight exposure and calcium intake during rapid growth at puberty lead to hypocalcemia, hypovitaminosis D and eventually to overt rickets. To determine serum biochemical findings of rickets in healthy 11-15 yr old girls, the effect of sunlight exposure and oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D and calcium administration in girls with abnormal findings during December 2002 through March 2003 in Tehran, Iran. METHODS:Healthy middle school girls were selected for estimation of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus intake by a three-day food recall. And measurement of serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, alkaline-phosphatase and 25- hydroxyvitamin D concentration. The girls with abnormal findings divided in two groups. Hypovitaminosis D girls subdivided into two groups, supplementary sunlight exposure and vitamin- D administrated for them and calcium administration for the second group for 20 days. RESULTS:Of 414 girls, the mean daily vitamin D acquirement and calcium intake were 119 +/- 52 IU and 360 +/- 350 mg among all girls respectively. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with two or more abnormal biochemical findings in 15 (3.6%) girls (group I) were 7.8 ng/ml and alkaline phosphatse with normal or low calcium in 29 (7%) girls (group II) was 1187 IU/L. Mean serum calcium was 8.2 mg % in 8 of 29 girls. Serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D before and after sunlight exposure was 7.1 +/- 1.9 ng/ml and 13.9 +/- 2.4 ng/ml and vitamin D administration was 7.4 +/- 1.8 ng/ml (group Ia) and 27.9 +/- 4.2 ng/ml (group Ib) respectively. Serum alkaline phosphatase before and after calcium administration were 1187 IU/L and 666 IU/L respectively. CONCLUSION:We conclude that low daily calcium intake and vitamin D acquirement are two important problems in Iranian girls during rapid growth at puberty; therefore, for prevention of overt rickets calcium and vitamin D Supplementation appear to be necessary.
    背景与目标:
  • 【在患有系统性红斑狼疮的青少年中使用电惊厥疗法治疗抑郁症。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/YCT.0b013e31829ce782 复制DOI
    作者列表:Grover S,Aarya KR,Sharma A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been infrequently described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is most commonly used in patients with catatonia. In this report, we describe the use of ECT in a young adolescent girl who had bipolar affective disorder associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and was treated with ECT for the depressive episode. The patient achieved remission with a course of 6 ECT treatments.
    背景与目标: : 在系统性红斑狼疮患者中很少使用电惊厥疗法 (ECT),最常用于卡托尼亚患者。在本报告中,我们描述了在患有与系统性红斑狼疮相关的双相情感障碍并接受ECT治疗的年轻少女中使用ECT的情况。患者通过6个疗程的ECT治疗获得缓解。
  • 【受艾滋病毒影响的青春期母亲及其子女: 撒哈拉以南非洲证据和经验的范围审查。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/17441692.2020.1775867 复制DOI
    作者列表:Toska E,Laurenzi CA,Roberts KJ,Cluver L,Sherr L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :While adolescents have received increasing attention in the global HIV response and international strategies and commitments, adolescent mothers and their children remain largely overlooked in research, funding and, programming for health-related outcomes. We conducted an extensive scoping review of current evidence on the experiences of adolescent mothers affected by HIV and their children in this region. We included published literature and conference abstracts, complemented by consultations with key stakeholders, and a review of documents through grey literature searching. First, we summarise the experiences of adolescent mothers and their children related to HIV and key health and development indicators. The syndemic of early motherhood and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa increases the vulnerability of adolescent mothers and their children. We then highlight lessons from a series of promising programmes focused on supporting adolescent mothers through novel approaches. In sub-Saharan Africa, supporting adolescent mothers living in high HIV-risk communities is critical not only to eliminate HIV/AIDS, but also to attain the Sustainable Development Goals. While research on and programming for adolescent mothers and their children is growing, the complex needs for this vulnerable group remain unmet. We conclude with evidence gaps and programming priorities for adolescent mothers affected by HIV and their children.
    背景与目标: : 尽管青少年在全球艾滋病毒应对措施以及国际战略和承诺中受到越来越多的关注,但青少年母亲及其子女在与健康有关的成果的研究,资金和方案编制方面仍然被忽视。我们对该地区受艾滋病毒影响的青春期母亲及其子女的经历的当前证据进行了广泛的范围界定审查。我们包括了已发表的文献和会议摘要,并与主要利益相关者进行了磋商,并通过灰色文献搜索对文件进行了审查。首先,我们总结了青春期母亲及其子女与艾滋病毒有关的经验以及关键的健康与发展指标。撒哈拉以南非洲地区早期孕产和艾滋病毒的共同感染增加了青春期母亲及其子女的脆弱性。然后,我们重点介绍了一系列有前途的计划的教训,这些计划侧重于通过新颖的方法支持青春期母亲。在撒哈拉以南非洲,支持生活在艾滋病毒高风险社区的青春期母亲不仅对消除艾滋病毒/艾滋病至关重要,而且对实现可持续发展目标也至关重要。尽管对青少年母亲及其子女的研究和规划正在增长,但对这一弱势群体的复杂需求仍未得到满足。最后,我们为受艾滋病毒影响的青春期母亲及其子女提供了证据空白和计划优先事项。
  • 【青少年变性男性患者的生育力保护: 一个病例系列。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.12.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Insogna IG,Ginsburg E,Srouji S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This case series from a hospital-based academic in vitro fertilization clinic outlines the feasibility of oocyte cryopreservation for transgender male adolescents after varying degrees of exposure to pubertal blockers and/or testosterone. A description of each patient's oocyte cryopreservation cycle is reviewed, including prior exposure to pubertal blockers and/or testosterone, anti-Mullerian hormone level, stimulation medications, trigger injections, number of oocytes retrieved and cryopreserved, and complications. All patients tolerated stimulation and retrieval well and had mature oocytes cryopreserved in each cycle. There were no complications. Adolescent transgender males who choose to undergo oocyte cryopreservation tolerate the process well, reinforcing the importance of fertility preservation in providing comprehensive care for transgender patients.
    背景与目标: : 该病例系列来自一家医院的学术体外受精诊所,概述了变性男性青少年在不同程度暴露于青春期阻滞剂和/或睾丸激素后进行卵母细胞冷冻保存的可行性。回顾了每个患者的卵母细胞冷冻保存周期的描述,包括先前暴露于青春期阻滞剂和/或睾丸激素,抗苗勒氏激素水平,刺激药物,触发注射,回收和冷冻保存的卵母细胞数量以及并发症。所有患者对刺激和恢复的耐受性良好,并且在每个周期中都冷冻保存了成熟的卵母细胞。没有并发症。选择进行卵母细胞冷冻保存的青春期跨性别男性可以很好地耐受该过程,从而增强了保留生育能力在为跨性别患者提供全面护理中的重要性。
  • 【怀孕前体重和妊娠体重增加对青春期妊娠自发性早产和妊娠持续时间的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010603 复制DOI
    作者列表:Scholl TO,Hediger ML,Salmon RW,Belsky DH,Ances IG
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We examined the influence of two measures of maternal nutritional status: prepregnant body mass (kilograms/meter2 ) and Weight gain during pregnancy (adjusted for duration of gestation) on spontaneous preterm delivery (<37 completed Weeks' gestation) and duration of gestation, as well as on low birthweight (<2,500 grams) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in pregnant adolescents. Inadequate Weight gain for gestation increased the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery when prematurity was reckoned by the obstetric estimate (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR = 1.75 95% CI 1.22-2.50) or from the mother's LMP (AOR = 1.49 95% CI 1.10-2.02). In linear models, gestation duration was significantly reduced, by more than half a week, when reckoned from eiter estimate of gestation. However, the association between preterm birth or gestation duration and prepregnancy body mass was not consistent and depended on the method of estimating gestation. Low birthweight and SGA were each significantly associated with inadequate weight gain during pregnancy as well as with prepregnant body mass. These results suggest that current maternal nutritional status, as measured by weight gain during pregnancy, may influence preterm delivery and gestation duration. The inconsistent results obtained with prepregnancy body mass may reflect a size bias inherent in the obstetric estimate of gestation, rather than effects of prepregnant maternal nutritional status on gestation.
    背景与目标: : 我们研究了两种母亲营养状况指标的影响: 怀孕前体重 (千克/米2) 和怀孕期间体重增加 (根据妊娠持续时间进行调整) 对自发早产 (<37个完整妊娠周) 和妊娠持续时间的影响,以及怀孕青少年的低出生体重 (<2,500克) 和小于胎龄儿 (SGA)。当产科估计值 (调整后的比值比,AOR = 1.75 95% CI 1.22-2.50) 或母亲的LMP (AOR = 1.49 95% CI 1.10-2.02) 估计早产时,妊娠体重增加不足会增加自发早产的风险。在线性模型中,根据eiter对妊娠的估计,妊娠持续时间显着减少了半周以上。然而,早产或妊娠持续时间与孕前体重之间的关联并不一致,并且取决于估计妊娠的方法。低出生体重和SGA均与怀孕期间体重增加不足以及怀孕前的体重显着相关。这些结果表明,以怀孕期间体重增加衡量的当前孕产妇营养状况可能会影响早产和妊娠持续时间。与孕前体重获得的不一致结果可能反映了产科妊娠估计中固有的大小偏差,而不是孕前孕妇营养状况对妊娠的影响。
  • 【英国和美国的青少年性活动,避孕药具的使用和怀孕: 十年比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.310 复制DOI
    作者列表:Scott RH,Wellings K,Lindberg L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Pregnancy rates among adolescents have declined in the U.S. and Britain but remain high compared with other high-income countries. This comparison describes trends in pregnancy rates, recent sexual activity, and contraceptive use among women aged 16-19 years in the U.S. and Britain to consider the contribution of these two behavioral factors to the decline in pregnancy rates in the two countries and the differences between them. METHODS:We use data from two rounds of the U.S. National Survey of Family Growth, conducted 2002-2003 and 2011-2015, and the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, conducted 2000-2001 and 2010-2012, to describe population-level differences between countries and over time in sexual activity and contraceptive use. We calculate pregnancy rates using national births and abortions data. RESULTS:Pregnancy rates declined in both countries; this began earlier in the U.S. and was steeper. There was no change in sexual activity in Britain, but in the U.S., the proportion reporting recent sex declined. In both countries, there was a shift toward more effective contraception. A higher proportion in Britain than the U.S. reported ever having had sex (65% vs. 49%) and sex in the last year (64% vs. 45%), 6 months (59% vs. 39%), and 4 weeks (48% vs. 29%). A higher proportion in Britain reported using more effective contraception (68% vs. 52%). CONCLUSIONS:In both countries, improvements in contraceptive use have contributed substantially to declines in pregnancy rates; however, the steeper decline in the U.S. likely also reflects declines in recent sex occurring only in that country.
    背景与目标:
  • 【青少年和年轻非中枢神经系统癌症患者的自我报告的认知结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/pon.5456 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tan CJ,Mah JJJ,Goh WL,Poon E,Harunal Rashid MF,Chan A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients with noncentral nervous system (CNS) cancers has not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to describe CRCI-associated trends and characteristics among AYA cancer patients. METHODS:In a longitudinal cohort of AYA cancer patients without CNS disease, CRCI was evaluated over 1 year using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function Instrument, a self-reported cognitive outcome measure. CRCI prevalence was quantified using the previously established minimal clinically important difference. CRCI-associated longitudinal trends and factors were evaluated with mixed-effects model analysis. RESULTS:Ninety-one patients (mean age = 28.4 ± 6.7 years) were included. Approximately one-third (34.1%) experienced CRCI at least once during the study follow-up. Female gender (P = .02), Indian ethnicity (P < .01), current smokers (P < .01), anxiety/depressive symptoms (P < .01) and fatigue (P < .01) were found to be associated with poorer cognitive function among AYAs. CONCLUSIONS:Although AYA cancer patients were relatively young and without CNS disease involvement, a significant proportion of them experienced clinically important decline in cognitive function. With improved understanding of this subject, effective strategies can be formulated to promote awareness of CRCI and mitigate its negative effects among AYA cancer patients.
    背景与目标:
  • 【青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的低骨矿物质状态。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00586-008-0757-z 复制DOI
    作者列表:Li XF,Li H,Liu ZD,Dai LY
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a pathological entity of unknown etiology. The causes of osteoporosis or osteopenia in AIS remain undetermined. Whether poor bone quality is an etiologic factor remains controversial. To determine the correlation between low bone mineral status and AIS, a review of literature was performed. After a literature search from 1966 to June 2007 (using Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane DSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR, CINAHL and hand searches of references) for studies regarding low bone mineral status and AIS, 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed in terms of the appropriateness of valuation technique, the validity of descriptive system, the number and type of respondents, and overall quality of the studies. Nearly all investigations demonstrated that low bone mineral density (BMD) was a generalized phenomenon and a systematic disorder in AIS. The prevalence of AIS with osteoporosis is approximately 20-38%. The follow-up studies indicated that osteopenia in patients with AIS may be a persistent phenomenon. BMD could be affected by the mechanical loading and lower bone mineral mass is always associated with lower bone strength. The spinal architecture associated with the osteopenia may aggravate the spinal deformity. However, with regard to the concave and convex femoral neck BMD values, and the correlation of BMD to scoliosis parameters, the results remain inconsistent. Bracing may not result in permanent loss of bone mineral mass. The effect of the eccentric tension-compression environments on BMD, the correlation of BMD with scoliosis parameters and the effect of bracing on BMD should be investigated further in prospective, randomized and longitudinal follow-up studies.
    背景与目标: : 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸 (AIS) 是病因不明的病理实体。AIS中骨质疏松症或骨量减少的原因尚未确定。骨质量差是否是病因仍存在争议。为了确定低骨矿物质状态与AIS之间的相关性,对文献进行了回顾。在1966年2007年6月 (使用Medline,EMBASE,Cochrane DSR,ACP Journal Club,DARE,CCTR,CINAHL和参考文献的手工搜索) 进行有关低骨矿物质状况和AIS的研究之后,对20项符合纳入标准的研究进行了审查。评估技术的适当性,描述系统的有效性,受访者的数量和类型以及研究的整体质量。几乎所有研究都表明,低骨矿物质密度 (BMD) 是AIS的普遍现象和系统疾病。患有骨质疏松症的AIS的患病率约为20-38%。随访研究表明,AIS患者的骨量减少可能是一种持续的现象。BMD可能会受到机械负荷的影响,而较低的骨矿物质质量始终与较低的骨强度有关。与骨质减少相关的脊柱结构可能会加剧脊柱畸形。但是,关于凹凸股骨颈BMD值以及BMD与脊柱侧弯参数的相关性,结果仍然不一致。支撑可能不会导致骨矿物质质量的永久性损失。在前瞻性,随机和纵向随访研究中,应进一步研究偏心拉伸压缩环境对BMD的影响,BMD与脊柱侧弯参数的相关性以及支撑对BMD的影响。
  • 【简要报告: 青春期年轻女性含达比韦林阴道环的IIa期安全性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/QAI.0000000000002244 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bunge KE,Levy L,Szydlo DW,Zhang J,Gaur AH,Reirden D,Mayer KH,Futterman D,Hoesley C,Hillier SL,Marzinke MA,Hendrix CW,Gorbach PM,Wilson CM,Soto-Torres L,Kapogiannis B,Nel A,Squires KE,MTN-023/IPM 030 Study Team.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Young women aged 15-24 years are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. Two phase III trials of a vaginal ring containing 25-mg dapivirine demonstrated HIV-1 risk reduction in adult women older than 21 years but not in those aged 18-21 years. Lack of protection was correlated with low adherence. METHODS:In this phase-IIa, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, US, multicenter trial of the dapivirine ring in sexually active females, aged 15-17 years, participants were randomized 3:1 to a dapivirine or placebo ring to be inserted monthly for 6 months (NCT02028338). Primary safety end points included grade 2 product related adverse events and any grade 3 and higher adverse events. Adherence to ring use was assessed by plasma dapivirine concentrations, residual levels in used rings, and self-report. A plasma dapivirine concentration of >95 pg/mL was used to define short-term adherence; a residual ring level of <23.5 mg was used to define long-term adherence. Acceptability was assessed through computer-assisted self-interviews. RESULTS:Ninety-six participants were enrolled across 6 US sites. The median age was 16.0 years. There were no differences in safety outcomes between treatment arms. Adherence to the dapivirine ring was demonstrated by both plasma measurements (87%) and residual drug levels in rings (95%). Forty-two percent (95% confidence interval: 32 to 52) of participants reported that they never removed the ring. Participants noted no discomfort due to the ring at 87% of visits and "liking" the ring at 93% of visits. CONCLUSION:The dapivirine vaginal ring, a promising topical microbicide, was well tolerated and acceptable in young US adolescents.
    背景与目标:
  • 【儿童和青少年体育活动研究中的社会网络分析: 系统文献综述。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1123/jpah.2019-0350 复制DOI
    作者列表:Prochnow T,Delgado H,Patterson MS,Umstattd Meyer MR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Regular physical activity (PA) has many benefits for children and adolescents, yet many do not meet PA recommendations. Social context is important for promoting or discouraging PA among children and adolescents. This review aimed to identify social network variables related to PA among children and adolescents. METHODS:A systematic review of the literature was conducted in September 2018 using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Included articles needed to (1) be focused on children (aged 5-11 y) or adolescents (aged 12-17 y), (2) include a measure of PA, (3) include a measure of egocentric or sociocentric social connection in which alters were nominated, and (4) perform an analysis between network data and PA. RESULTS:A search of 11,824 articles was refined to a final sample of 29 articles. Social network themes and concepts such as homophily, centrality, and network composition were related to child and adolescent PA behavior across the literature. CONCLUSIONS:The impact of an individual's social network is evident on their PA behaviors. More research is needed to examine why these networks form in relation to PA and how interventions can utilize social network analysis to more effectively promote PA, especially in underserved and minority populations.
    背景与目标:

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