• 【机械应力诱导人软骨细胞CS-OKB中高分子量热休克蛋白的表达。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1053/joca.1999.0279 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chano T,Tanaka M,Hukuda S,Saeki Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Mechanical stress is an important regulator of chondrocyte function, but it is unknown how chondrocytes respond to mechanical stress. This study was performed to clarify the underlying mechanisms in human chondrocytes. DESIGN:Using a Flexercell strain unit (25% maximal elongation, 0.05 Hz-cyclic manner, and 48 h), mechanical stimulation was applied to confluent CS-OKB cells, human chondrocytic cells. To analyze transcriptional changes in response to mechanical stress, differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis were performed. RESULTS:Among several differentially displayed fragments, one fragment (927 bp) tentatively named as SIC (Stress-Induced Chondrocytic) 1 was isolated from the human chondrocytic cell line and identified as one of the high molecular mass heat shock proteins. CONCLUSION:Mechanical stress induces the expression of a high molecular mass heat shock protein corresponding to SIC 1 in human chondrocytic cells. SIC 1 may play an important role in the mechanical stress-responded metabolism of human chondrocytes.
    背景与目标:
  • 【在Cs污染的地下水处理中运行的基于微波的再生可渗透反应屏障 (mw-prbs) 的现场技术适用性和成本分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110064 复制DOI
    作者列表:Falciglia PP,Gagliano E,Brancato V,Finocchiaro G,Catalfo A,De Guidi G,Romano S,Roccaro P,Vagliasindi FGA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present study tests the potentiality of a novel microwave based regenerating permeable reactive barrier (MW-PRB) system as combined treatment for Cs-contaminated groundwater. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was selected as adsorptive materials in batch and column MW-regeneration experiments. Experimental and modeling data were elaborated for technical and economic considerations in order to assess the MW-PRB feasibility jointly with essential information regarding its real field applicability. Batch experiments investigated the effects of 10 adsorption-MW regeneration cycles under different MW irradiation conditions (applied electric field = 200-460 V m-1; irradiation times = 1-15 min) by assessing GAC variation properties in term of regeneration yield (δ), specific area and weight loss (WL) variation. Column tests were carried using a dedicated setup essentially including a column filled with GAC implanted in a MW oven cavity (MW electric field of 385 V m-1, irradiation times 5-15 min). Lab-scale results shown the ability of MW in Cs removal from GAC as demonstrated by regeneration yield (δ = 79-110%) and WL (6.78% for 10 cycles) values. This was confirmed in dynamic conditions by data from MW-column tests highlighting the highest Cs removal of ~80% when the maximum regeneration time was applied. Residual Cs concentration in breakthrough curves fitted well with the proposed Yoon and Nelson model (R2 = ~0.97). Results from techno-economic analysis revealed the MW-PRB viability and its advantages also in comparison with conventional PRB systems, demonstrating the concept of combined MW-PRB treatment. Saved cost obtained demonstrated in fact the potential cost effectiveness of MW-PRB system and, consequently, the implementation of novel approach is encouraged. Calculated PRB longevity vs groundwater velocity curves are useful in order to predict long-term PRB performance and the response of the remediation activities, as well as for guiding the design and the scaling-up of MW-PRB treatment.
    背景与目标: : 本研究测试了一种新型的基于微波的再生可渗透反应屏障 (mw-prb) 系统作为Cs污染地下水的联合处理的潜力。在批量和色谱柱MW再生实验中,选择颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 作为吸附材料。为了考虑技术和经济因素,详细制定了实验和建模数据,以评估mw-prb的可行性以及有关其实际现场适用性的基本信息。通过评估GAC在再生产率 (δ),比面积和重量损失 (WL) 变化方面的变化特性,分批实验研究了在不同MW辐照条件下 (施加电场 = 200-460 V m-1; 辐照时间 = 1-15 min) 10个吸附MW再生循环的影响。使用专用设置进行柱测试,该专用设置基本上包括填充有植入MW炉腔中的GAC的柱 (MW电场为385 V m-1,照射时间5-15分钟)。实验室规模的结果显示了MW从GAC去除Cs的能力,如再生产率 (δ = 79-110%) 和WL (6.78% 10个循环) 值所证明的。在动态条件下,通过MW柱测试的数据证实了这一点,当应用最大再生时间时,该数据突出了 ~ 80% 的最高Cs去除。穿透曲线中的残余Cs浓度与提出的Yoon和Nelson模型 (R2 = 〜0.97) 非常吻合。技术经济分析的结果揭示了mw-prb的可行性及其与常规PRB系统相比的优势,证明了mw-prb联合处理的概念。所获得的节省成本实际上证明了mw-prb系统的潜在成本效益,因此,鼓励采用新颖的方法。计算出的PRB寿命与地下水速度的关系曲线可用于预测PRB的长期性能和补救活动的响应,以及指导mw-prb处理的设计和扩大规模。
  • 【不同溶液浓度、pH和堆积密度的台湾红土中的Cs扩散。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.01.010 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang TH,Li MH,Teng SP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this work we used an "in-diffusion" method to study the effects of pH, solution concentration and packing density on Cs diffusion by packing local Taiwan laterite (LTL) into modified capillary columns with 5mm diameter. These packed columns were first pre-equilibrated with synthetic groundwater (GW) for 3 weeks. The diffusion experiments were then carried out at ambient condition for 2 weeks. Our experimental results showed that the Cs diffusion profile fits Fick's second law very well in given experimental conditions, indicating the validity of modified capillary column method. Generally speaking, Cs diffusion in LTL decreases as the pH increases and as Cs concentration decreases. The apparent diffusion coefficient (D(a)) increases from 5.52 x 10(-12) (10(-7)M) to 2.18 x 10(-11) (10(-3)M)m(2)/s, while the effective diffusion coefficient (D(e)) shows slight variation as the Cs concentration changes. Both the derived D(a) and D(e) values decrease as the pH increases, implying that the diffusion mechanisms of Cs nuclide in alkaline and acid environment are different. In addition, our results show that Cs diffusion is unaffected by the given packing density, indicating the interlaminary space is not the major determinant of Cs adsorption and diffusion in LTL.
    背景与目标: : 在这项工作中,我们使用 “扩散内” 方法通过将本地台湾红土 (LTL) 填充到直径5毫米的改性毛细管柱中,研究了pH,溶液浓度和填充密度对Cs扩散的影响。首先将这些填充柱与合成地下水 (GW) 预平衡3周。然后在环境条件下进行扩散实验2周。我们的实验结果表明,在给定的实验条件下,Cs扩散曲线非常符合Fick第二定律,表明改进的毛细管柱方法的有效性。一般来说,随着ph值的增加和Cs浓度的降低,LTL中的Cs扩散减小。表观扩散系数 (D(a)) 从5.52 × 10(-12) (10(-7)M) 增加到2.18 × 10(-11) (10(-3)M)m(2)/s,而有效扩散系数 (D(e)) 随着Cs浓度的变化而略有变化。随着ph值的增加,衍生的D(a) 和D(e) 值均降低,这表明Cs核素在碱性和酸性环境中的扩散机理不同。此外,我们的结果表明,Cs扩散不受给定堆积密度的影响,这表明层间空间不是LTL中Cs吸附和扩散的主要决定因素。
  • 【使用Sysmex CS-5100凝血仪进行常规凝血测试的样品中脂质的干扰。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/ijlh.13108 复制DOI
    作者列表:Negrini D,Bernardi D,Antonelli G,Plebani M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Lipemia in samples can cause analytical errors in coagulation tests using photometric assays. To define the level of this interference, some studies assessed lipemic interferences by in vitro 'spiking' of different types of lipids obtaining interesting information, but spiked samples do not represent a real-world situation as natively lipemic samples do. METHODS:A total of 101 samples flagged as 'lipemic' by a Sysmex CS-5100 coagulometer were analyzed for PT, aPTT, fibrinogen Clauss assay, antithrombin activity, D-dimer concentration, before and after a double high-speed centrifugation procedure to reduce lipemic interference. We evaluated using Bland-Altman test if high-speed centrifugation and retesting are justified, considering that's a resource-consuming procedure; when a statistically significant difference was found, quality specification for imprecision was considered and compared to the observed delta. RESULTS:Statistically significant differences were found for PT, antithrombin activity and fibrinogen. Considering the Bland-Altman plot, fibrinogen results were split into two groups, and statistically significant difference was confirmed only for samples >2 g/L. CONCLUSIONS:For PT and antithrombin activity a mean percentual difference between the two determinations lower than within-subject biologic variation and one of the Fraser's quality specifications can be considered as a confounding 'noise' factor that is neither analytically nor clinically relevant. If the instrument determines a result on the first run, for PT, aPTT, D-dimer concentration and antithrombin activity tests, the double plasma high-speed centrifugation is unnecessary. It is instead necessary if fibrinogen >2 g/L or if the instrument cannot determine a result on the first run.
    背景与目标:
  • 【监测叙利亚环境中的cs辐射。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00128-014-1341-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Alhajji E,Al-Masri MS,Al-Hamwi A,Al-Haleem MA,Hassan M,Mamish S,Al-Kharfan K,Khalily H,Alkhatib Y,Sheaib Z
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper presents measurements of cesium 137 ((137)Cs) in the Syrian environment during the period between 2006 and 2010. More than 1,000 samples of soil, water, plants and aquatic life were collected from different locations. The measurements were realized using gamma spectroscopy, and the results showed that radioactivity concentrations were low overall. Concentrations ranged from below detection limits to several tens Bq kg(-1) (dry matter) or 9.8 mBq L(-1) (water), which were well below maximum allowable levels in food or drinking water as established according to Syrian national standards or the WHO/FAO Codex guidelines. However, high (137)Cs activity levels were observed in soil samples collected at a high elevation (Kadmous highs), where a mean concentration of 1,900 Bq kg(-1) was obtained.
    背景与目标: : 本文介绍了2006年至2010年间叙利亚环境中铯137 ((137)Cs) 的测量结果。从不同地点收集了1,000多个土壤,水,植物和水生生物样品。使用伽马能谱实现了测量,结果表明放射性浓度总体较低。浓度范围从低于检测限值到几十Bq kg(-1) (干物质) 或9.8 mBq L(-1) (水),远低于根据叙利亚国家标准或世界卫生组织/粮农组织法典准则确定的食品或饮用水中的最大允许水平。然而,在高海拔 (Kadmous high) 收集的土壤样品中观察到高 (137)Cs活性水平,其中平均浓度为1,900 Bq kg(-1)。
  • 【高度硫酸化的硫酸软骨素制剂CS-E可防止兴奋性氨基酸诱导的神经元细胞死亡。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05107.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sato Y,Nakanishi K,Tokita Y,Kakizawa H,Ida M,Maeda H,Matsui F,Aono S,Saito A,Kuroda Y,Hayakawa M,Kojima S,Oohira A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major microenvironmental molecule in the CNS, and there have been few reports about its neuroprotective activity. As neuronal cell death by excitotoxicity is a crucial phase in many neuronal diseases, we examined the effect of various CS preparations on neuronal cell death induced by the excitotoxicity of glutamate analogs. CS preparations were added to cultured neurons before and after the administration of glutamate analogs. Then, the extents of both neuronal cell death and survival were estimated. Pre-administration of a highly sulfated CS preparation, CS-E, significantly reduced neuronal cell death induced by not only NMDA but also (S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid or kainate. Neither CS preparations other than CS-E nor other highly sulfated polysaccharides such as heparin and dextran sulfate exerted any neuroprotective effects. NMDA-induced current in neurons was not changed by pre-administration of CS-E, but the pattern of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation was changed. In addition, the elevation of caspase 3 activity was significantly suppressed in CS-E-treated neurons. These results indicate that CS-E prevents neuronal cell death mediated by various glutamate receptors, and suggest that phosphorylation-related intracellular signals and the suppression of caspase 3 activation are implicated in neuroprotection by CS-E.
    背景与目标: 硫酸软骨素 (CS) 是中枢神经系统中的主要微环境分子,关于其神经保护活性的报道很少。由于兴奋性毒性引起的神经元细胞死亡是许多神经元疾病的关键阶段,因此我们研究了各种CS制剂对谷氨酸类似物的兴奋性毒性引起的神经元细胞死亡的影响。在施用谷氨酸类似物之前和之后,将CS制剂添加到培养的神经元中。然后,估计神经元细胞死亡和存活的程度。预先施用高度硫酸化的CS制剂CS-E,不仅显着降低了NMDA诱导的神经元细胞死亡,而且还降低了 (S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic酸或kainate诱导的神经元细胞死亡。除cs-e以外的CS制剂或其他高度硫酸化的多糖 (例如肝素和硫酸葡聚糖) 均未发挥任何神经保护作用。预先施用CS-E不会改变NMDA诱导的神经元电流,但改变了蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸化的模式。此外,在CS-E处理的神经元中,caspase 3活性的升高被显着抑制。这些结果表明CS-E阻止了由各种谷氨酸受体介导的神经元细胞死亡,并表明与磷酸化相关的细胞内信号和caspase 3激活的抑制与CS-E的神经保护有关。
  • 【美国医疗执照考试 (USMLE) 第2步临床技能 (cs) 考试中的序列效应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181405bbf 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ramineni C,Harik P,Margolis MJ,Clauser BE,Swanson DB,Dillon GF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Systematic trends in examinee performance across the testing day (sequence effects) could indicate that artifacts of the testing situation have an impact on scores. This research investigated the presence of sequence effects for United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2 clinical skills (CS) examination components. METHOD:Data from Step 2 CS examinees were analyzed using analysis of covariance and hierarchical linear modeling procedures. RESULTS:Sequence was significant for three of the components; communication and interpersonal skills, data gathering, and documentation. A significant gender x sequence interaction was found for two components. CONCLUSIONS:The presence of sequence effects suggests that scores on early cases are influenced by factors that are unrelated to the proficiencies of interest. More research is needed to fully understand these effects.
    背景与目标:
  • 【对Sani Rachman Soleman等人的 “致编辑的信” 的回应,“福岛核电站事故后,日本地级低出生体重与Cs-137沉积的时空关联”。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12940-020-00661-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Scherb H,Hayashi K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We thank Sani Rachman Soleman et al. for three specific points of criticism concerning our investigation of the ecological association between low birth weight (LBW) and radioactive contamination in Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accidents: 1. Ecological variables are not justified enough to adjust potential confounding. 2. The spatiotemporal regression model does not consider temporal reduction in radiation dose rate. 3. Dose-response plot between dose rates and odds ratios overestimates R2 and underestimates p-value. This criticism is a good starting point to explain some of the technical backgrounds of our approach in more detail.
    背景与目标: : 我们感谢Sani Rachman Soleman等人对我们调查福岛第一核电站 (FDNPP) 事故后日本低出生体重 (LBW) 与放射性污染之间的生态关联的三个具体批评: 1。生态变量不足以调整潜在的混杂因素。2.时空回归模型不考虑辐射剂量率的时间降低。3.剂量率和优势比之间的剂量-反应图高估了R2,低估了p值。这种批评是一个很好的起点,可以更详细地解释我们方法的一些技术背景。
  • 【外周血干细胞收集使用在Fenwal CS-3000加血细胞分离器中的小体积收集室。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rosenfeld CS,Cullis H,Tarosky T,Nemunaitis J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Optimal methods for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection should yield a small volume product containing minimal platelets and a large number of mononuclear cells (MNC). The Fenwal CS-3000 Plus blood cell separator was modified in an attempt to meet these objectives. Modifications of the CS-3000 Plus included use of the small volume collection chamber (SVCC), increasing the interface/offset detector setting to 150 and decreasing the centrifuge speed to 1400 rpm. Thirty-eight patients undergoing 224 PBSC collections were studied. Mobilization methods included 4 g/m2 cyclophosphamide (CY), CY + 250 micrograms/m2 subcutaneous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or GM-CSF alone. The median collection volume was 58 ml containing a median of 21 ml of red blood cells. Platelet collection efficiency was < 4.4% and the median number of extracted platelets was 0.6 x 10(11)/apheresis. Median reduction in the platelet count post-apheresis was 15%. MNC purity was 95.5% and MNC collection efficiency was 61%. Yield of MNC was 1 x 10(8)/kg/apheresis. Collected progenitor cells correlated with both the WBC and MNC content of the apheresis product. The modified CS-3000 Plus with the SVCC is effective for PBSC collection following three different mobilization regimens and is, therefore, recommended for routine collection of PBSC.
    背景与目标: : 收集外周血干细胞 (PBSC) 的最佳方法应产生包含最小血小板和大量单核细胞 (MNC) 的小体积产品。为了达到这些目的,对Fenwal CS-3000加血细胞分离器进行了修改。CS-3000 Plus的修改包括使用小体积收集室 (SVCC),将界面/偏移检测器设置增加到150,并将离心机速度降低到1400 rpm。研究了38例接受224 PBSC收集的患者。动员方法包括4g/m2环磷酰胺 (CY),CY 250微克/m2皮下粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (gm-csf) 或单独的gm-csf。58毫升含有21毫升的红细胞的中值收集体积。血小板收集效率 <4.4%,提取的血小板中位数为0.6 × 10(11)/单采。15% 了单采后血小板计数的中位数减少。MNC纯度95.5%,MNC收集效率61%。MNC的产量为1 × 10(8)/kg/单采。收集的祖细胞与单采产物的WBC和MNC含量相关。改良的SVCC CS-3000 Plus在三种不同的动员方案之后对PBSC收集有效,因此推荐用于PBSC的常规收集。
  • 【CS-706在急性术后牙痛中的有效性的随机,双盲,塞来昔布和安慰剂对照研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0149-2918(07)80078-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Moberly JB,Xu J,Desjardins PJ,Daniels SE,Bandy DP,Lawson JE,Link AJ,Truitt KE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:CS-706 is a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective inhibitor with an in vitro selectivity ratio (COX-1:COX-2) similar to that of celecoxib. It has exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties in animal models. OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the tolerability of single doses of CS-706 and compared the analgesic efficacy of CS-706 with that of celecoxib and placebo in the dental pain model. METHODS:This was a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active- and placebo-controlled study. Healthy male and female subjects with moderate to severe pain intensity (PI) after dental surgery were randomized ( approximately 50 per group) to receive a single oral dose of CS-706 10, 50, 100, or 200 mg; celecoxib 400 mg; or placebo. PI and pain relief (PR) were measured on categorical and visual analog scales through 24 hours after the dose. The primary efficacy variable was the time-weighted sum of PR scores at 4 hours after the dose (TOPAR4). The onset of analgesia was assessed by calculating the pain intensity difference (PID). Perceptible and meaningful pain relief were assessed using a 2-stopwatch method. RESULTS:The majority of subjects were female (62.0%) and white (59.5%). Subjects' mean (SD) age was 22.6 (3.9) years, and their mean body mass index was 25.3 (5.1) kg/m(2). All doses of CS-706 were associated with significant analgesic efficacy compared with placebo based on the primary end point, TOPAR4 (P<0.001), and on all secondary end points (P<0.05, comparisons of all CS-706 doses vs placebo) with the exception of time to 100% PR for CS-706 10 mg. Single 50-, 100-, and 200-mg doses of CS-706 also were significantly more effective than celecoxib for TOPAR4 (P=0.036, P=0.004, and P=0.006, respectively). The onset of analgesia (PID >or= 1) for all CS-706 doses occurred within 1 hour after dosing (P<0.001 vs placebo). The median duration of analgesia, measured as the time to administration of rescue medication, was significantly greater for all doses of CS-706 compared with placebo (5.7 hours for CS-706 10 mg, >24 hours for CS-706 50, 100, and 200 mg, and 1.7 hours for placebo; P<0.001 for CS-706 50, 100, and 200 mg). These data suggest that once-daily administration of CS-706 may be effective in providing relief of acute pain. The incidence of adverse events was similar among all treatment groups. Adverse events occurring in >or= 5 % of subjects in any treatment group were nausea, vomiting, dry socket, dizziness, headache, and paresthesia. CONCLUSION:Single doses of CS-706 had significant analgesic efficacy compared with celecoxib and placebo in the relief of postoperative dental pain in the healthy subjects enrolled in this study.
    背景与目标:
  • 【[霍奇金病局部膈上阶段CS I/II的成人放射治疗。2.放射治疗的特殊方面: 剂量,分级,灶体积,风险,结论]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Glanzmann C,Lütolf UM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :For patients with Morbus Hodgkin and CS I/II of the low risk group and primary radiotherapy recommended treatment fields are: regional field for isolated high cervical involvement, mantle field for isolated mediastinal involvement and extended mantle field for the other patients. Omission of the infradiaphragmatic irradiation volume for PS I/II may be regarded as an advantage, which must be compared with the risk of a staging laparotomy, whereas the low risk of undertreatment of a small part of patients with CS I/II PS III probably does not outweigh the risk of the laparotomy. Equal efficacy of chemotherapy alone for these patients has not been proven sufficiently and important questions concerning long-term risks are unanswered. Ongoing studies will show, whether combinations with reduced chemotherapy or other types of chemotherapy and local radiotherapy are superior. Details of the mantle field borders and blocking are described. In most patients with adjuvant radiotherapy after complete remission after chemotherapy, the recommended target volume includes only the regions with proven involvement before chemotherapy. Details of the mediastinal treatment volume for patients with adjuvant radiotherapy after chemotherapy for bulky mediastinal disease are given. According to some recent analysis of a large body of dose-effect data, the recommended target doses in primary irradiation are between 36 and 40 Gy for regions with proven involvement and between 30 and 36 Gy for electively treated regions. The recommended target dose per fraction is between 1.5 and 1.8 Gy and less than 2 Gy in various critical tissues. According to the recent recommendations, the maximal total doses in mantle field radiotherapy to the spinal cord should be 38 Gy for radiotherapy alone and 36 Gy for radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. The maximal total dose to the whole heart should be 15 Gy and for the other parts between 30 and 35 Gy. After chemotherapy with MOPP oder MOPP-like regimes, there is a cumulative risk of leukaemia between 2.2 and 11.9%. After radiotherapy alone, there is only a very low risk of leukaemia after radiotherapy and chemotherapy to the risk after chemotherapy. Most long-term studies show an increased risk of solid second malignancies associated with radiotherapy with a relative risk of approximately two. In the analyzed studies, the cumulative risk of solid second malignancy after seven to 15 years is between 7 and 11.2% after radiotherapy, between 7 and 11.7% after chemotherapy and between 7 and 11.7% after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
    背景与目标: : 对于低危组和初级放疗的Morbus Hodgkin和CS I/II患者,推荐的治疗领域是: 孤立的高宫颈受累的区域领域,孤立的纵隔受累的外罩领域和其他患者的外罩领域。省略PS I/II的diaphragm肌下辐射量可能是一个优势,必须将其与分期剖腹手术的风险进行比较,而一小部分CS I/II PS III的患者治疗不足的风险较低可能不会超过剖腹手术的风险。仅化疗对这些患者的同等疗效尚未得到充分证明,有关长期风险的重要问题尚未得到解答。正在进行的研究将表明,减少化疗或其他类型的化疗和局部放疗的组合是否更好。描述了地幔场边界和阻塞的详细信息。在大多数化疗后完全缓解后进行辅助放疗的患者中,推荐的目标体积仅包括化疗前已证实受累的区域。详细介绍了大纵隔疾病化疗后辅助放疗患者的纵隔治疗量。根据对大量剂量效应数据的最新分析,对于已证实受累的区域,主要照射的推荐目标剂量在36至40 Gy之间,而对于选择性治疗的区域,建议的目标剂量在30至36 Gy之间。每部分推荐的目标剂量在1.5至1.8 Gy之间,并且在各种关键组织中小于2 Gy。根据最近的建议,套膜场放疗对脊髓的最大总剂量应为单纯放疗38 Gy,放疗联合化疗36 Gy。整个心脏的最大总剂量应为15 Gy,其他部分应为30至35 Gy。用MOPP或MOPP样方案化疗后,在2.2和11.9% 之间存在白血病的累积风险。单独放疗后,只有放疗和化疗后的白血病风险极低。大多数长期研究表明,与放疗相关的实体第二恶性肿瘤的风险增加,相对风险约为2。在分析的研究中,7至15年后发生实体第二恶性肿瘤的累积风险在放疗后7至11.2% 之间,化疗后7至11.7% 之间,放疗和化疗后7至11.7% 之间。(摘要截断在400字)
  • 【批判性思维、协作和沟通: 优质术前筛查的三个 “Cs”。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jopan.2011.06.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mulcahy M,Pierce ME
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Preoperative Clinic at Children's Hospital Boston has established a unique collaborative approach to ensure that individualized perioperative plans of care are created for patients, which goes beyond traditional preoperative screening. This article describes the Preoperative Clinic's operational model and explains the significant role the health care record review nurse plays in developing these perioperative plans of care.
    背景与目标: : 波士顿儿童医院的术前诊所建立了独特的协作方法,以确保为患者制定个性化的围手术期护理计划,这超出了传统的术前筛查范围。本文介绍了术前诊所的操作模式,并解释了卫生保健记录审查护士在制定这些围手术期护理计划中的重要作用。
  • 【来自xp-d和xp-d-cs患者的细胞在转录基因中表现出同样低效的紫外线诱导损伤修复,但恢复紫外线抑制转录的能力不同。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/nar/27.14.2898 复制DOI
    作者列表:van Hoffen A,Kalle WH,de Jong-Versteeg A,Lehmann AR,van Zeeland AA,Mullenders LH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare hereditary human disorder clinically associated with severe sun sensitivity and predisposition to skin cancer. Some XP patients also show clinical characteristics of Cockayne syndrome (CS), a disorder associated with defective preferential repair of DNA lesions in transcriptionally active genes. Cells from the two XP-patients who belong to complementation group D and exhibit additional clinical symptoms of CS are strikingly more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of UV-light than cells from classical XP-D patients. To explain the severe UV-sensitivity it was suggested that XP-D-CS cells have a defect in preferential repair of UV-induced 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP) in active genes. We investigated the capacity of XP-D and XP-D-CS cells to repair UV-induced DNA lesions in the active adenosine deaminase gene (ADA) and in the inactive 754 gene by determining (i) the removal of specific lesions, i.e. cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6-4PP, or (ii) the formation of BrdUrd-labeled repair patches. No differences in repair capacity were observed between XP-D and XP-D-CS cells. In both cell types repair of CPD was completely absent whereas 6-4PP were inefficiently removed from the ADA gene and the 754 gene with similar kinetics. However, whereas XP-D cells were able to restore UV-inhibited RNA synthesis after a UV-dose of 2 J/m2, RNA synthesis in XP-D-CS cells remained repressed up to 24 h after irradiation. Our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that differences in the capacity to perform preferential repair of UV-induced photolesions in active genes between XP-D and XP-D-CS cells are the cause of the extreme UV-sensitivity of XP-D-CS cells. Rather, the enhanced sensitivity of XP-D-CS cells may be associated with a defect in transcription regulation superimposed on the repair defect.
    背景与目标: : 着色性干皮病 (XP) 是一种罕见的遗传性人类疾病,临床上与严重的阳光敏感性和皮肤癌易感性相关。一些XP患者还表现出Cockayne综合征 (CS) 的临床特征,这是一种与转录活性基因中DNA损伤的优先修复缺陷相关的疾病。来自两名XP患者的细胞属于补充D组,并表现出CS的其他临床症状,与经典xp-d患者的细胞相比,对紫外线的细胞毒性作用更为敏感。为了解释严重的紫外线敏感性,建议XP-d-cs细胞在活性基因中优先修复紫外线诱导的6-4光产物 (6-4PP) 方面存在缺陷。我们通过确定 (i) 去除特定病变,即环丁烷嘧啶二聚体 (CPD) 和6-4PP,研究了XP-D和XP-D-CS细胞修复活性腺苷脱氨酶基因 (ADA) 和非活性754基因中紫外线诱导的DNA损伤的能力,或 (ii) 形成BrdUrd标记的修复斑块。在XP-D和XP-D-CS细胞之间未观察到修复能力的差异。在两种细胞类型中,完全没有CPD的修复,而以相似的动力学从ADA基因和754基因中无效地去除6-4PP。然而,尽管xp-d细胞在2 J/m2的紫外线剂量后能够恢复受紫外线抑制的RNA合成,但在照射后24小时内,xp-d-cs细胞中的RNA合成仍受到抑制。我们的结果与以下假设不一致: xp-d和xp-d-cs细胞之间活性基因中紫外线诱导的光损伤的优先修复能力差异是xp-d-cs细胞极度紫外线敏感性的原因。相反,xp-d-cs细胞的敏感性增强可能与叠加在修复缺陷上的转录调控缺陷有关。
  • 【Synechococcus sp。CS-601 (syneace01) 的完整基因组序列和比较分析,Synechococcus sp。syneace01是一种来自贫营养南极栖息地的冷适应蓝细菌。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3390/ijms20010152 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tang J,Du LM,Liang YM,Daroch M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Marine picocyanobacteria belonging to Synechococcus are major contributors to the global carbon cycle, however the genomic information of its cold-adapted members has been lacking to date. To fill this void the genome of a cold-adapted planktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. CS-601 (SynAce01) has been sequenced. The genome of the strain contains a single chromosome of approximately 2.75 MBp and GC content of 63.92%. Gene prediction yielded 2984 protein coding sequences and 44 tRNA genes. The genome contained evidence of horizontal gene transfer events during its evolution. CS-601 appears as a transport generalist with some specific adaptation to an oligotrophic marine environment. It has a broad repertoire of transporters of both inorganic and organic nutrients to survive in inhospitable environments. The cold adaptation of the strain exhibited characteristics of a psychrotroph rather than psychrophile. Its salt adaptation strategy is likely to rely on the uptake and synthesis of osmolytes, like glycerol or glycine betaine. Overall, the genome reveals two distinct patterns of adaptation to the inhospitable environment of Antarctica. Adaptation to an oligotrophic marine environment is likely due to an abundance of genes, probably acquired horizontally, that are associated with increased transport of nutrients, osmolytes, and light harvesting. On the other hand, adaptations to low temperatures are likely due to prolonged evolutionary changes.
    背景与目标: : 属于Synechococcus的海洋短蓝细菌是全球碳循环的主要贡献者,但是迄今为止,其冷适应成员的基因组信息一直缺乏。为了填补这个空白,已经对一种冷适应的浮游蓝细菌Synechococcus sp. CS-601 (SynAce01) 的基因组进行了测序。该菌株的基因组包含约2.75 MBp和GC含量的63.92% 的单个染色体。基因预测产生2984个蛋白质编码序列和44个tRNA基因。基因组包含进化过程中水平基因转移事件的证据。CS-601似乎是运输通才,对贫营养海洋环境有一定的适应。它具有广泛的无机和有机养分转运体,可在恶劣的环境中生存。菌株的冷适应表现出嗜冷性而不是嗜冷性的特征。它的盐适应策略可能依赖于渗透剂的吸收和合成,例如甘油或甘氨酸甜菜碱。总体而言,基因组揭示了两种不同的适应南极荒凉环境的模式。适应贫营养海洋环境可能是由于大量的基因 (可能是水平获得的) 与营养物质,渗透剂和光收集的增加有关。另一方面,适应低温可能是由于长期的进化变化。
  • 【使用壳聚糖接枝氧化石墨烯 (cs-go) 纳米复合材料从水溶液中有效去除铬 (VI)。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.170 复制DOI
    作者列表:Samuel MS,Bhattacharya J,Raj S,Santhanam N,Singh H,Pradeep Singh ND
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present study involves the adsorption of hexavalent Chromium(Cr(VI)) using chitosan grafted graphene oxide (CS-GO) nanocomposite in batch mode. The CS-GO nanocomposite material was prepared by ultrasonic irradiation technique. The CS-GO adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Tunnelling electron microscopy (TEM), followed by Cr(VI) adsorption studies. The adsorption capacity of 104.16 mg/g was achieved at pH 2.0, in the contact time of 420 min. The adsorption process was described by the pseudo second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model. The nano-microstructural investigation validates the successful adsorption of Cr(VI) on CS-GO nanocomposite. The CS-GO material is recyclable up to 10 cycles with the minimum loss in adsorption capacity.
    背景与目标: : 本研究涉及使用壳聚糖接枝氧化石墨烯 (cs-go) 纳米复合材料以间歇方式吸附六价铬 (Cr(VI))。通过超声辐照技术制备了cs-go纳米复合材料。通过x射线衍射 (XRD),傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱,扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和隧道电子显微镜 (TEM) 对cs-go吸附剂进行了表征,随后进行了Cr(VI) 吸附研究。在ph   2.0下,接触时间为420  min,吸附容量为104.16  mg/g。吸附过程由伪二阶动力学和Langmuir等温线模型描述。纳米微结构研究证实了Cr(VI) 在CS-GO纳米复合材料上的成功吸附。Cs-go材料可回收长达10个循环,吸附容量损失最小。

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