BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We report an apparent solution to nasal dryness for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) when a hygroscopic condenser humidifier is introduced into the CPAP circuit. Six patients underwent a 5-h test period of nasal CPAP therapy with a mask containing a hygroscopic humidifier. The water vapor showed a statistically significant increase in both inspired and expired gases. The relative humidity of the inspired gases increased significantly. The levels of O2 and CO2 in the respired gases did not change. When patients were asked about nasal dryness at the end of the test, all of them reported marked improvement.

背景与目标： : 我们报告了将吸湿冷凝器加湿器引入CPAP回路时，经鼻持续气道正压通气 (CPAP) 治疗的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的鼻干燥的明显解决方案。六名患者使用装有吸湿机的面罩进行了5小时的鼻CPAP治疗测试期。水蒸气在吸入和呼出气体中均显示出统计学上的显着增加。吸入气体的相对湿度显着增加。呼吸气体中O2和CO2的含量没有变化。当患者在测试结束时被问及鼻干燥时，所有患者均报告有明显改善。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :OBJECTIVE: To non-invasively study the effects of continuous positive airway pressure breathing (CPAP) on renal vascular resistance in normal subjects and renal allograft recipients, in other words those with with denervated kidneys. We could then ascertain the influence of renal innervation on any resulting changes in renal haemodynamics. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers and six renal transplant patients were studied. Using Doppler ultrasonography, the pulsatility index (PI), an index of renovascular resistance, was measured at incremental levels of CPAP (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 cmH2O). RESULTS: In both groups, the PI increased significantly between 0 and5.0 cmH2O CPAP, with a further increase at 7.5 cmH2O CPAP. CONCLUSIONS: We found that CPAP at 5.0 and 7.5 cmH2O caused a significant increase in renovascular resistance in both normal and renal transplant patients. There was no difference in the degree of rise in renovascular resistance between both groups, indicating that the renal nerves do not play a role in altering renal vascular resistance with the application of CPAP.

背景与目标： 目的: 非侵入性地研究持续气道正压呼吸 (CPAP) 对正常受试者和同种异体肾移植受者，即失神经肾受者的肾血管阻力的影响。然后，我们可以确定肾脏神经支配对肾脏血流动力学任何变化的影响。方法: 对10名健康志愿者和6名肾移植患者进行研究。使用多普勒超声检查，在CPAP (0、2.5、5.0和7.5 cmH2O) 的增量水平下测量搏动指数 (PI)，即肾血管阻力指数。结果: 在两组中，PI在0至5.0 cmH2O CPAP之间显着增加，在7.5 cmH2O CPAP时进一步增加。结论: 我们发现5.0和7.5 cmH2O的CPAP导致正常和肾移植患者的肾血管阻力显着增加。两组之间的肾血管阻力上升程度没有差异，表明使用CPAP时，肾神经在改变肾血管阻力方面不起作用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials investigating the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on non-invasive markers of arterial stiffness in patients with OSA. METHODS:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of CPAP on markers of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix)) in patients with OSA. The study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR, SciELO, and LILACS databases for randomized trials (RT) evaluating the changes in markers of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) comparing CPAP vs. controls in patients with OSA. Reviewer Manager version 5.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used to perform meta-analysis. Risk of bias analysis was performed using the Cochrane tool. RESULTS:Of the 464 studies initially retrieved, 9 relevant studies with 685 participants were included in the analysis. The studies presented moderate risk of bias. CPAP did not significantly reduce Aix (mean difference, - 1.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) - 5.25 to 1.33), p = 0.24), whereas it significantly changed PWV (mean difference, - 0.44 (95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.76 to - 0.12), p = 0.00). CONCLUSION:CPAP treatment was effective in improving arterial stiffness by reducing PWV in patients with OSA. Additional randomized trials, however, should be performed to confirm these findings.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in coronary artery disease (CAD) and a possible cause of increased mortality. To date, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials to draw the conclusion that all CAD patients should be investigated for OSA and subsequently be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). OBJECTIVE:The Randomized Intervention with CPAP in CAD and OSA (RICCADSA) trial is designed to address if CPAP treatment reduces the combined rate of new revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular mortality over a 3-year period in CAD patients with OSA. Secondary outcomes include cardiovascular biomarkers, cardiac function and maximal exercise capacity at 3-month- and 1-year follow-ups. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A sample of 400 CAD patients (100 non-sleepy OSA patients randomized to CPAP, 100 to non-CPAP; 100 sleepy OSA patients on CPAP, and 100 CAD patients without OSA) will be included. So far, 240 patients have been enrolled in the trial since December 31, 2005. CONCLUSION:The RICCADSA trial will contribute to defining the impact of CPAP on prognosis of CAD patients with OSA.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent among bariatric surgery candidates and is associated with numerous adverse health conditions, both pre- and postoperatively. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for OSA, but it requires significant behavioral changes. As such, CPAP adherence is a significant problem in OSA treatment. Information from the preoperative psychological evaluation may be used to identify psychosocial risk factors associated with CPAP nonadherence and inform the implementation of more specific and appropriate interventions. OBJECTIVES:Examine the utility of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) behavioral/externalizing dysfunction scale scores to determine personality and psychopathology associations with, and risk for, CPAP nonadherence. SETTING:Academic medical center. METHODS:Patients who underwent a preoperative psychological evaluation and were diagnosed with OSA (n = 358) were divided into 2 groups: CPAP adherent (n = 271) and CPAP nonadherent (n = 87). Independent samples t tests were computed to examine differences in average MMPI-2-RF scale scores between these groups. Relative risk ratios were computed using multiple MMPI-2-RF substantive scale score cut-offs to determine which MMPI-2-RF scales were associated with increased risk of CPAP nonadherence. RESULTS:Higher scores on scales measuring behavioral/externalizing dysfunction and family problems were associated with and indicative of risk for CPAP nonadherence. CONCLUSIONS:CPAP nonadherence is related to and may be affected by generally higher levels of behavioral/externalizing dysfunction. Using a broadband measure of personality and psychopathology, like the MMPI-2-RF, during the preoperative evaluation can provide important information about co-morbid symptoms that may interfere with CPAP adherence. Considering this information during preoperative treatment planning could increase the likelihood of preoperative CPAP adherence and reduce the likelihood of adverse postoperative outcomes.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: None:A middle-aged man with obstructive sleep apnea who had been treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) developed COVID-19. An analysis of airflow records from the CPAP machine revealed a rise in his respiratory rate on the night before the onset of COVID-19-related symptoms, while his nocturnal respiratory rate had been stable during the 18-month period prior to the presently reported episode. The present case suggests that a rise in respiratory rate detected using CPAP machine data could be an important sign of impending acute illness, such as COVID-19. Studies to elucidate the usefulness of this method are warranted.

背景与目标： 无: 一名患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的中年男子，接受持续气道正压通气 (CPAP) 治疗，并发新型冠状病毒肺炎。对CPAP机器的气流记录进行的分析显示，在COVID-19-related症状发作前的晚上，他的呼吸频率有所上升，而在目前报道的发作之前的18个月内，他的夜间呼吸频率一直稳定。目前的病例表明，使用CPAP机器数据检测到的呼吸频率上升可能是即将发生的急性疾病 (新型冠状病毒肺炎) 的重要迹象。有必要进行研究以阐明该方法的有用性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is relatively inexpensive and can be easily taught; it therefore has the potential to be the optimal respiratory support device for neonates in developing countries. OBJECTIVE:The possibility of implementing bubble CPAP in a teaching hospital with a large neonatology unit but very limited resources was investigated. METHODS:A CPAP system was developed consisting of a compressor, oxygen concentrator, water bottle to control the pressure and binasal prongs. Neonates with birthweights between 1 and 2·5 kg with persistent respiratory distress 4 hours after birth were eligible for bubble CPAP. RESULTS:In the 7-week introduction period from 11 March until 27 April 2008, 11 neonates were treated with CPAP. Five of these neonates met the inclusion criteria and six neonates did not meet these criteria. Of the five neonates who received CPAP and met the inclusion criteria, three survived. The six infants who did not meet the inclusion criteria included three preterm infants with apnoea (all died), two with birthweights <1 kg (both died) and a firstborn twin (1.2 kg) who survived. No major complications of CPAP occurred. Bubble CPAP could be used independently by nurses after a short training period. CONCLUSION:Successful long-term implementation of CPAP depends on the availability of sufficient trained nursing staff.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Background: Early management of respiratory distress is critical to reducing mortality in infants and children in resource-limited settings. Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) can offer effective and affordable non-invasive respiratory support. Objective: To determine the best physical components of bubble CPAP circuits for respiratory support of children in low-resource settings. Methods: Using PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS, studies of any design in any language published before June 2017 which examined the physical components of bCPAP circuits were identified and reviewed. Results: After screening, the review included 45 articles: 17 clinical trials, 11 literature reviews, 10 technical assessments of bCPAP components, three reports of real-world implementation in low-resource settings, three cost analyses and one case report. There is no ideal bCPAP circuit for all settings and patients, but some choices are generally better than others in designing a circuit for low-resource settings. Oxygen concentrators are usually the best source of oxygen. As yet, there is no affordable and accurate oxygen blender. Nasal prongs are the simplest patient interface to use with the fewest complications but are not the cheapest option. Expiratory limbs should be at least 1 cm in diameter. Home-made pressure generators are effective, safe and affordable. Conclusion: This narrative review found many studies which evaluated the real clinical outcomes with bCPAP in the target population as well as technical comparison of bCPAP components. However, many studies were not blinded or randomised and there was significant heterogeneity in design and outcome measures. Abbreviations: bCPAP, bubble continuous positive airway pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; FiO2, fractional oxygen concentration; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; HIC, high-income countries; LMIC, low- and middle-income countries; NP, nasopharyngeal; O2, oxygen; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PICO, Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome.

背景与目标： 背景: 在资源有限的环境中，呼吸窘迫的早期管理对于降低婴儿和儿童的死亡率至关重要。气泡持续气道正压通气 (bCPAP) 可以提供有效且负担得起的无创呼吸支持。目的: 确定低资源环境下儿童呼吸支持的气泡CPAP回路的最佳物理成分。方法: 使用PubMed，CINAHL和LILACS，对2017年6月前发表的任何语言的任何设计进行了研究，这些研究检查了bCPAP电路的物理成分。结果: 筛选后，该综述包括45篇文章: 17篇临床试验，11篇文献综述，10篇bCPAP组件的技术评估，3篇在低资源环境中实际实施的报告，3篇成本分析和1篇病例报告。对于所有设置和患者，没有理想的bCPAP电路，但是在为低资源设置设计电路时，某些选择通常比其他选择更好。氧气浓缩器通常是氧气的最佳来源。到目前为止，还没有负担得起的精确氧气搅拌机。鼻插脚是最简单的患者界面，并发症最少，但不是最便宜的选择。呼气肢体的直径应至少1厘米。自制压力发生器是有效、安全和负担得起的。结论: 本叙述性综述发现许多研究评估了bCPAP在目标人群中的真实临床结果以及bCPAP成分的技术比较。然而，许多研究不是盲法或随机化的，在设计和结果测量方面存在显著的异质性。缩写: bCPAP，气泡持续气道正压; CPAP，持续气道正压; FiO2，氧浓度分数; HFNC，高流量鼻插管; HIC，高收入国家; LMIC，中低收入国家; NP，鼻咽; O2，氧气; PEEP，呼气末正压; PICO，人群，干预，比较和结果。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Almost two-thirds of the population undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) suffers from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for moderate to severe OSA and is recommended in patients undergoing BS perioperatively. A severe and dreaded complication after BS is anastomotic leakage. There is theoretical concern that perioperative CPAP use may result in increased distension of the gastrointestinal tract and increase the risk of developing an anastomotic leakage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of postoperative CPAP use on the risk of developing anastomotic leakages after BS. METHODS:Retrospectively, all patients from a single bariatric center who underwent BS from November 2007 to August 2019 were included. Presence and severity of OSA were determined using poly(somno)graphy. To evaluate the effect of postoperative CPAP use on anastomotic leakage, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS:A total of 4052 patients were included, with OSA being diagnosed in 62%. Overall, 970 patients (24%) used CPAP after BS. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 64 (1.6%) patients after BS. Leakage rate was 1.3% in non-CPAP group versus 2.5% in CPAP group (p = 0.01). CPAP use was associated with anastomotic leakage; however, after adjustment, CPAP use was not an independent predictor (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.60-3.28, p = 0.44). CONCLUSION:There is no independent relation between postoperative CPAP use and anastomotic leakage after BS. Only revision surgery was an independent predictor of anastomotic leakage.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:A previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) in babies born < 30 weeks gestation found the so-called CICADA method (ceasing continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) with a view to remain off rather than slow weaning) significantly reduced CPAP time. Post-RCT we introduced the CICADA method and evaluated whether the improved outcomes of the CICADA method during the RCT were replicated in clinical practice. AIM:The aim of the study is to compare cardio-respiratory outcomes in PBs < 30 weeks GA over three epochs: (i) pre RCT, (ii) during RCT and (iii) post RCT implementation. METHODS:The study used prospective data to compare baseline characteristics and cardio-respiratory outcomes over the three epochs. RESULTS:There were 270/393(69%) PBs < 30 weeks GA who fulfilled the inclusion criteria over the three epochs. No significant differences were found in GA or birthweight between the three epochs (27.9 ± 1.3, 27.7 ± 1.4, 28.0 ± 1.3 (weeks ± 1 standard deviation); and 1100 ± 252, 1086 ± 251, 1094 ± 320 (grams ± 1 standard deviation)). There were significant decreases in CPAP days and corrected GA to cease CPAP post implementation (20.5 ± 2.1, 21.1 ± 2.1, 16.5 ± 1.8 (days ± SE); P = 0.006 and 33.3 ± 0.4, 33.5 ± 0.4, 32.6 ± 0.4 (weeks ± SE); P = 0.01). Compared with the pre RCT epoch, there were significant reductions in patent ductus arteriosus (36/78 (46%), 33/87 (37%), 18/103 (17%); P < 0.001) and chronic lung disease (40/78 (51%), 19/87 (21%), 30/103 (29%); P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:CPAP time, corrected GA to cease CPAP, patent ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease significantly reduced following the introduction of the CICADA method. Early cessation of CPAP expedites the transition from neonatal intensive care to special care.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Purpose of the study Periodic leg movements (PLMs) are found in 30% of patients suffering from OSA. Under CPAP, we observed that PLMs can increase, decrease, or remain unchanged. The predictors of these changes are not well established. Objective To determine the predictors of PLMs change under CPAP and its impact on long-term adherence. Materials and method The patients were referred to the sleep laboratory for snoring or sleepiness. A single PSG night has been performed before and after CPAP treatment. Data on medication used, comorbidities and ferritin level were collected. Results A total of 160 patients were recruited with a severe OSA. About 32.5% (52/160) patients had emerging PLM i.e. that appeared after the disappearance of respiratory events. By comparing patients with emerging-PLMs to others, we found that only the blood ferritin level was significantly different between groups. Moreover, after one-year follow-up, a significant difference in adherence and long-term compliance was observed between patients without PLM at both screening and CPAP polysomnographies or emerging PLM at the second study (56%) vs. patients with baseline PLM, whether PLM remained stable or decreased under CPAP treatment (75%) (p-value 0.028). Serum ferritin and presence of diabetes mellitus predicted the evolution of PLM observed. Patients with low ferritin levels demonstrated an increase of PLM after initiation of nasal CPAP treatment. Conclusion The emergence of PLM negatively impacts long-term adherence to nasal CPAP treatment in OSA. Blood ferritin level is a predictor of the evolution of PLM under CPAP therapy.

背景与目标： : 研究目的在患有OSA的患者30% 中发现定期腿部运动 (plm)。在CPAP下，我们观察到plm可以增加，减少或保持不变。这些变化的预测因素还没有很好地确定。目的确定CPAP下PLMs变化的预测因素及其对长期依从性的影响。材料和方法患者因打鼾或嗜睡而被转诊至睡眠实验室。CPAP治疗前后进行了一次PSG之夜。收集了有关用药，合并症和铁蛋白水平的数据。结果共招募了160例重度OSA患者。大约32.5% (52/160) 名患者出现了PLM，即在呼吸事件消失后出现的PLM。通过将具有新兴plm的患者与其他患者进行比较，我们发现两组之间只有血铁蛋白水平显着不同。此外，经过一年的随访，在筛查和CPAP多导睡眠图或第二项研究 (56%) 中出现的PLM与基线PLM患者相比，在无PLM的患者之间观察到依从性和长期依从性的显着差异，在CPAP处理下PLM是否保持稳定或降低 (75%) (p值0.028)。血清铁蛋白和糖尿病的存在预测了观察到的PLM的演变。铁蛋白水平低的患者在开始鼻CPAP治疗后显示PLM增加。结论PLM的出现对OSA的鼻CPAP治疗的长期依从性产生负面影响。血铁蛋白水平是CPAP治疗下PLM演变的预测指标。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Intermittent Mandatory Pressure Release Ventilation (IMPRV) is a positive pressure spontaneous breathing ventilatory mode in which airway pressure is released intermittently and synchronously with patient's spontaneous expiration in order to provide ventilatory assistance. Eight critically ill patients free of any factor known to alter chest wall mechanics (group 1) and 8 critically ill patients whose spontaneous respiratory activity was markedly altered by a flail chest, or by a C5 quadraplegia and/or by the administration of opioids (group 2) were studied prospectively. CPAP and IMPRV were administered to each patient in a random order during a 1 h period using a CESAR ventilator. Gas flow, tidal volume, tracheal pressure, esophageal pressure, end-expiratory lung volume and hemodynamic parameters were measured. In group 1 patients, the ventilatory assistance provided by IMPRV was associated with a significant decrease in spontaneous tidal volume whereas all other respiratory parameters remained unchanged. In group 2 patients, IMPRV increased minute ventilation from 8.0 +/- 2.61/min to 12.2 +/- 1.81/min (p less than 0.05), decreased PaCO2 from 46 +/- 7.3 mmHg to 38 +/- 6.8 mmHg (p less than 0.05) and reduced respiratory frequency from 21 +/- 10 bpm to 14 +/- 5.7 bpm (p less than 0.07). These results show that IMPRV provides significant ventilatory assistance to patients with mild acute respiratory failure either by decreasing patient's contribution to minute ventilation or by increasing alveolar ventilation in presence of respiratory depression of central or peripheral origin.

背景与目标： : 间歇性强制性压力释放通气 (IMPRV) 是一种正压自发呼吸通气模式，其中气道压力与患者的自发呼气间歇同步释放，以提供通气辅助。8名没有任何已知改变胸壁力学因素的重症患者 (第1组) 和8名重症患者，其自发呼吸活动因连枷胸，C5四肢和/或阿片类药物的给药而明显改变 (第2组) 进行了前瞻性研究。使用CESAR呼吸机在1小时内以随机顺序向每位患者施用CPAP和IMPRV。测量气体流量，潮气量，气管压，食管压，呼气末肺容积和血流动力学参数。在第1组患者中，IMPRV提供的通气辅助与自发潮气量的显着减少有关，而所有其他呼吸参数均保持不变。在第2组患者中，IMPRV将分钟通气从8.0/- 2.61/min增加到12.2/- 1.81/min (p小于0.05)，将PaCO2从46/- 7.3 mmHg降低到38/- 6.8 mmHg (p小于0.05)，并将呼吸频率从21/- 10 bpm降低到14/- 5.7 bpm (p小于0.07)。这些结果表明，IMPRV通过减少患者对分钟通气量的贡献或在存在中枢或外周起源的呼吸抑制的情况下增加肺泡通气量，为轻度急性呼吸衰竭患者提供了显着的通气帮助。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Nasal CPAP has been shown to improve nocturnal asthma in those patients with associated sleep apnea. We studied seven nonapneic, nonsnoring asthmatics to determine the effect of CPAP in this patient population. On the CPAP night vs the baseline night, there was a significant worsening of sleep architecture. This included increased awake time and decreased REM sleep. For the group, the overnight decrement in FEV1 was not improved. Of interest, two patients did have a marked improvement in FEV1 associated with improved oxygen saturation on the CPAP night. These individuals were restudied only on supplemental oxygen. This intervention also improved the overnight FEV1 and allowed the patients to have better sleep compared to the CPAP night. We concluded that CPAP is associated with disrupted sleep architecture in nonapneic asthmatics and nocturnal oxygen desaturation may play a role in the development of nocturnal asthma.

背景与目标： : 鼻CPAP已被证明可以改善那些伴有睡眠呼吸暂停的患者的夜间哮喘。我们研究了七种非呼吸暂停，非打鼾的哮喘患者，以确定CPAP在该患者人群中的作用。在CPAP晚上与基线晚上相比，睡眠结构显着恶化。这包括清醒时间增加和REM睡眠减少。对于该组，FEV1的过夜减少没有改善。令人感兴趣的是，两名患者在CPAP之夜确实有明显的FEV1改善与血氧饱和度改善相关。仅在补充氧气的情况下对这些人进行了重新研究。与CPAP夜间相比，该干预措施还改善了隔夜FEV1，并使患者的睡眠更好。我们得出的结论是，CPAP与非呼吸暂停性哮喘患者的睡眠结构中断有关，夜间氧饱和度降低可能在夜间哮喘的发展中起作用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: STUDY OBJECTIVES:Obesity is an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and weight loss can reduce apnea severity or even lead to resolution in some patients. Effective CPAP therapy may lead to weight loss by any of several proposed mechanisms, including, but not limited to, increased physical activity and increased responsiveness to leptin. This retrospective study sought to determine whether subjects who adhered to prescribed CPAP treatment for OSAS would lose weight, or gain less weight than control subjects who were either untreated or did not adhere to prescribed CPAP treatment. METHODS:BMI was determined at the time of diagnosis and at followup approximately 1 year (10-14 months) later. Subjects who used CPAP > or = 4 h per night and > or = 70% of nights were considered treatment subjects. Control subjects used no treatment for OSAS or used CPAP < 4 hours per night or < 70% of nights for 1 year. RESULTS:BMI of treatment and control subjects did not significantly differ (p = 0.3157). BMI increased with 1 year of CPAP use in women but not men (p = 0.0228) and in non-obese subjects (p = 0.0443). BMI did not significantly decrease in any group treated with CPAP. CONCLUSIONS:CPAP was associated with weight gain in some; none lost weight. CPAP may affect weight in ways not measured here. Physicians should stress an active weight loss plan and not assume CPAP alone will lead to weight loss. A larger, prospective study may help clarify these findings.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2

背景与目标： -2