• 【夫妻治疗中与性别相关的治疗师归因: 一项初步的多案例研究调查。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1997.tb01041.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stabb SD,Cox DL,Harber JL
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Differential treatment by gender has been an ongoing area of concern and uncertainty both in society at large and in clinical research. In this investigation, therapist attributions over the course of therapy for three different couples were coded and analyzed to determine if cause for positive and negative events was assigned differentially to females and males. Additionally, the stability and globality dimensions of the therapist's attributions about the couples were examined for stereotypical gender-related patterns. Results indicate no gender differences in locus of causal attributions but some gender-related patterns in stability and globality dimensions. Implications for both couples therapy and gender bias in couples research are discussed.

    背景与目标: 在整个社会和临床研究中,性别差异治疗一直是一个持续关注和不确定性的领域。在这项调查中,对三对不同夫妇的治疗过程中的治疗师归因进行了编码和分析,以确定是否将阳性和阴性事件的原因分配给了女性和男性。此外,还检查了治疗师对夫妻的归因的稳定性和全球化维度,以了解与性别相关的定型模式。结果表明,在因果归因方面没有性别差异,但在稳定性和全球化维度上存在一些与性别相关的模式。讨论了夫妻治疗和夫妻研究中的性别偏见的含义。
  • 【精子参数和不孕会影响夫妻的性行为吗?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/and.12879 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kızılay F,Şahin M,Altay B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We aimed to analyse the relationship between sperm parameters and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score, the testosterone (T) level in infertile men and between FSFI score and partners' fertility. Patients were divided into three groups; (group 1: azoospermia [n = 57], group 2: sperm count <15 million [n = 41], group 3: sperm count >15 million [n = 81]). Patients and their partners filled the IIEF and FSFI forms. The normality of the tests was analysed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Spearman's rho test, a nonparametric test, was used to correlate the data. A value of p < .05 was considered statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the sperm count, other sperm parameters, morphology and motility and IIEF score, FSFI score and T (p = .037, .028 and .041 respectively). We found a positive correlation between IIEF score and FSFI score (p = .182). Infertile partners' FSFI score was lower than fertile partners' scores (p = .023). Male infertility causes severe sexual dysfunction in couples, and female sexual dysfunction increases in parallel to that of men. Male sexual function also tends to decrease with low sperm count. While the clinician evaluates infertile couples, psychological and sexual functions should also be evaluated and patients should not be deprived of appropriate treatment.
    背景与目标: : 我们旨在分析不育男性精子参数与国际勃起功能指数 (IIEF) 评分,女性性功能指数 (FSFI) 评分,睾丸激素 (T) 水平以及FSFI评分与伴侣生育能力之间的关系。患者分为三组; (组1: 无精子症 [n = 57],组2: 精子数 <1500万 [n = 41],组3: 精子数> 1500万 [n = 81])。患者及其伴侣填写了IIEF和FSFI表格。用Kolmogorov-Smirnov和Shapiro-Wilk检验分析了检验的正态性。Spearman的rho检验是一种非参数检验,用于关联数据。p <0.05被认为具有统计学意义。精子数量,其他精子参数,形态和运动能力与IIEF评分,FSFI评分和T之间呈正相关 (分别为p = .037,.028和.041)。我们发现IIEF评分与FSFI评分呈正相关 (p = .182)。不育伴侣的FSFI评分低于生育伴侣的FSFI评分 (p = .023)。男性不育会导致夫妻严重的性功能障碍,女性性功能障碍与男性平行增加。男性的性功能也会随着精子数量的减少而下降。在临床医生评估不育夫妇的同时,还应评估心理和性功能,并且不应剥夺患者适当的治疗方法。
  • 【精子囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节剂的表达水平与健康夫妇的生育能力有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/and.12865 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sun PB,Xu HM,Li K,Li HC,Chen AJ,Chen MJ,Dai HT,Ni Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is relevant to sperm quality, sperm capacitation and male fertility. However, it is still unknown whether CFTR can be a potential parameter for fecundity prediction in healthy couples. In this study, 135 healthy couples were divided into groups according to their fertility. We demonstrated that the sperm CFTR expression level of healthy males who never impregnated their partners (49 cases, 38.68 ± 2.71%) was significantly lower than that of fertile men (86 cases, 46.35 ± 2.32%). Sperm CFTR expression level accurately corresponded with fertility through the logistic regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the cut-off value of sperm CFTR expression level for fecundity prediction was 43.75%. Furthermore, cumulative pregnancy rates (CPRs) of CFTR > 43.75% group and CFTR ≤ 43.75% group during the follow-up periods were 80.6% and 49.3% respectively. Meanwhile, the mean time to pregnancy (TTP) of CFTR ≤ 43.75% group (26.79 ± 2.35) was significantly longer than that of CFTR > 43.75% group (16.46 ± 2.42). Therefore, sperm CFTR expression level is relevant to fecundity of healthy couples and shows potential predictive capacity of fecundity.
    背景与目标: 囊性纤维化跨膜电导调节剂 (CFTR) 与精子质量,精子获能和男性生育有关。然而,CFTR是否可以成为健康夫妇繁殖力预测的潜在参数仍然未知。在这项研究中,135对健康夫妇根据生育能力分为几组。我们证明,从未浸渍伴侣的健康男性的精子CFTR表达水平 (49例,38.68 ± 2.71%) 显着低于可育男性 (86例,46.35 ± 2.32%)。通过logistic回归模型,精子CFTR表达水平与生育力准确对应。受试者工作特征 (ROC) 曲线分析显示,精子CFTR表达水平预测生育能力的临界值为43.75%。此外,CFTR> 43.75% 组和CFTR ≤ 43.75% 组在随访期间的累积妊娠率 (CPRs) 分别80.6% 和49.3%。同时,CFTR ≤ 43.75% 组的平均妊娠时间 (TTP) (26.79 ± 2.35) 明显长于CFTR> 43.75% 组 (16.46 ± 2.42)。因此,精子CFTR表达水平与健康夫妇的繁殖力有关,并显示出潜在的繁殖力预测能力。
  • 【工作与关系的冲突: 双职工夫妇的交叉效应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037/1076-8998.11.3.228 复制DOI
    作者列表:Matthews RA,Del Priore RE,Acitelli LK,Barnes-Farrell JL
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To better understand the outcomes for couples whose work interferes with their relationships, with an emphasis on the crossover effects that can occur in close relationships, we examined experienced work-to-relationship conflict and perceptions of partner's work-to-relationship conflict for both members of 113 dual-earner couples. Outcomes of interests included relationship tension, health symptoms, and relationship satisfaction. Results indicate that personal work-to-relationship conflict and perceptions of partner's work-to-family conflict were related to personal as well as partner outcomes; a variety of direct crossover effects were demonstrated. The actor-partner interdependence model was incorporated to account for issues of interdependent data that naturally occur in relationship dyads, a methodological issue not typically addressed and accounted for in the dyadic work-family interface literature.
    背景与目标: : 为了更好地理解工作干扰他们关系的夫妇的结果,并强调在亲密关系中可能发生的交叉效应,我们研究了经验丰富的工作与关系冲突以及对伴侣工作与关系冲突的看法。113双职工夫妇的成员。兴趣的结果包括关系紧张,健康症状和关系满意度。结果表明,个人工作与关系的冲突以及对伴侣工作与家庭冲突的看法与个人和伴侣的结果有关; 证明了各种直接的交叉效应。合并了演员-伙伴相互依存模型,以解决关系二元关系中自然发生的相互依存数据问题,这是二元工作-家庭界面文献中通常未解决和解决的方法论问题。
  • 【以压力为导向的方法改善夫妇的二元应对: 一项为期2年的纵向研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0145445504269902 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bodenmann G,Pihet S,Shantinath SD,Cina A,Widmer K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study sought to assess the effectiveness of a marital distress prevention program for couples by examining how marital quality, especially marital competencies such as dyadic coping, could be improved by means of a prevention program focusing on the enhancement of coping resources (Couples Coping Enhancement Training). The study consisted of 59 couples in the intervention group and 59 couples in the matched comparison group. The results reveal that it is possible to improve marital quality, especially marital competencies, by means of one short-term intervention lasting 18 hr. However, the effects decreased after 2 years, raising the importance of booster sessions in helping to maintain effects over a longer period of time.
    背景与目标: : 本研究试图通过研究如何通过侧重于增强应对资源的预防计划 (夫妻应对增强培训) 来改善婚姻质量,尤其是诸如二元应对之类的婚姻能力,来评估夫妻婚姻困扰预防计划的有效性。该研究由干预组中的59对夫妇和匹配的对照组中的59对夫妇组成。结果表明,通过持续18小时的短期干预,可以改善婚姻质量,尤其是婚姻能力。但是,两年后效果下降,这增加了加强会话在帮助更长时间内保持效果方面的重要性。
  • 【美国国家精神卫生研究所针对非裔美国人HIV血清不一致夫妇的多站点Eban HIV/STD预防干预: 一项整群随机试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.261 复制DOI
    作者列表:El-Bassel N,Jemmott JB,Landis JR,Pequegnat W,Wingood GM,Wyatt GE,Bellamy SL,NIMH Multisite HIV/STD Prevention Trial for African American Couples Group.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has disproportionately affected African Americans. Couple-level interventions may be a promising intervention strategy. METHODS:To determine if a behavioral intervention can reduce HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behaviors among African American HIV serodiscordant couples, a cluster randomized controlled trial (Eban) was conducted in Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles, California; New York, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; with African American HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples who were eligible if both partners were at least 18 years old and reported unprotected intercourse in the previous 90 days and awareness of each other's serostatus. One thousand seventy participants were enrolled (mean age, 43 years; 40% of male participants were HIV positive). Couples were randomized to 1 of 2 interventions: couple-focused Eban HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention or attention-matched individual-focused health promotion comparison. The primary outcomes were the proportion of condom-protected intercourse acts and cumulative incidence of STDs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomonas). Data were collected preintervention and postintervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS:Data were analyzed for 535 randomized couples: 260 in the intervention group and 275 in the comparison group; 81.9% were retained at the 12-month follow-up. Generalized estimating equation analyses revealed that the proportion of condom-protected intercourse acts was larger among couples in the intervention group (0.77) than in the comparison group (0.47; risk ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.41; P = .006) when adjusted for the baseline criterion measure. The adjusted percentage of couples using condoms consistently was higher in the intervention group (63%) than in the comparison group (48%; risk ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.70; P < .001). The adjusted mean number of (log)unprotected intercourse acts was lower in the intervention group than in the comparison group (mean difference, -1.52; 95% CI, -2.07 to -0.98; P < .001). The cumulative STD incidence over the 12-month follow-up did not differ between couples in the intervention and comparison groups. The overall HIV seroconversion at the 12-month follow-up was 5 (2 in the intervention group, 3 in the comparison group) of 535 individuals, which translates to 935 per 100,000 population. CONCLUSION:To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled intervention trial to report significant reductions in HIV/STD risk behaviors among African American HIV serodiscordant couples. TRIAL REGISTRATION:clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00644163.
    背景与目标:
  • 【青少年约会夫妇的性交流和避孕药具的使用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.06.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Widman L,Welsh DP,McNulty JK,Little KC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:This study had two aims: first, to examine the relationship between general sexual communication and contraceptive use in sexually active adolescent romantic couples, and second, to explore predictors of open communication from characteristics of adolescent couples and individual adolescents. METHODS:Data were drawn from 209 couples dating a minimum of four weeks who participated in the Study of Tennessee Adolescent Romantic Relationships. Seventy-three adolescent dating couples (ages 14-21 years) that engaged in sexual intercourse and completed a sexual communication questionnaire were included in current analyses. RESULTS:Nearly 30% of couples failed to use contraception at first intercourse and almost half of couples did not use contraception every time they had sex. More open communication about sex from both male and female partners was associated with increased contraceptive use. Additionally, adolescents who were more satisfied in their relationships reported more open communication about sex, and adolescent females who self-silenced reported less open communication about sex. Finally, mediation analyses revealed that boys' and girls' relationship satisfaction and girls' self-silencing indirectly predicted contraceptive use through their effects on general sexual communication. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first known study to address individual and dyadic components of sexual communication using reports from both members of established adolescent dating couples. Findings suggest that open sexual communication between intimate partners is important to sexual decision-making. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
    背景与目标:
  • 【前夫不想要的追求行为: 演员-伴侣相互依存模型方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037/a0031878 复制DOI
    作者列表:De Smet O,Loeys T,Buysse A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Unwanted pursuit behavior (UPB) refers to a wide range of repeated, unwanted, and privacy-violating intrusions that are inflicted to pursue an intimate or romantic relationship. These behaviors most often occur when partners end their romantic entanglements. Despite the fact that UPB is grounded in relationships, psychological explanations for post-breakup UPB perpetration have been restricted to actor effects assessed in samples of separated individuals. For that reason, the present study aimed to identify feasible partner effects that additionally explain UPB perpetration using a Flemish sample of 46 heterosexual divorced couples, beginning with the notion of interdependence. Using actor-partner interdependence models, we explored actor, partner, and gender main and interaction effects of anxious attachment, satisfaction, alternatives, investments, and conflict in the previous marriage on the perpetration of post-divorce UPBs. The significant Partner × Gender interactions of anxious attachment and satisfaction, Actor × Partner interactions of anxious attachment and quality of alternatives, and the marginally significant partner effect of relational conflict underline the important role of the dyad in studying UPB perpetration. These findings shed new light on the nature of UPB perpetration that go beyond the individual and support the use of a systemic approach in clinical practices.
    背景与目标: : 不想要的追求行为 (UPB) 是指为追求亲密或浪漫关系而遭受的广泛的重复,不想要的和侵犯隐私的入侵。这些行为最常发生在伴侣结束浪漫纠葛时。尽管UPB基于人际关系,但分手后UPB实施的心理解释仅限于在分离个体样本中评估的演员影响。出于这个原因,本研究旨在确定可行的伴侣效应,这些效应还可以使用佛兰德样本的46对异性恋离婚夫妇来解释UPB的实施,首先是相互依存的概念。使用演员-伴侣相互依存模型,我们探索了演员,伴侣和性别主要因素以及先前婚姻中焦虑依恋,满意度,替代方案,投资和冲突对离婚后UPBs的影响。焦虑依恋和满意度的重要伴侣 × 性别互动,焦虑依恋的参与者 × 伴侣互动和替代方案的质量,以及关系冲突的次要伴侣效应,突显了二位在研究UPB行为中的重要作用。这些发现为UPB实施的性质提供了新的思路,这种行为超越了个人,并支持在临床实践中使用系统方法。
  • 【恶臭假单胞菌54Pu启动子的体内UV激光足迹显示,整合宿主因子将转录活性与生长期结合。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1074/jbc.M108162200 复制DOI
    作者列表:Valls M,Buckle M,de Lorenzo V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The occupation of the final sigma(54)-dependent Pu promoter of Pseudomonas putida by the integration host factor (IHF) under different growth conditions has been monitored in its native state and stoichiometry (i.e. monocopy) with UV laser footprinting technology. We present evidence that an abrupt change in intracellular IHF concentrations occurs when P. putida cells enter stationary phase. This change results in enhanced binding of the factor to the promoter and in the ensuing bending of the target DNA. Since Pu activity depends rigorously on DNA bending, promoter occupation is in turn translated into a much higher transcriptional output when cells leave exponential growth. Inspection of the residual activity of Pu in an IHF(-) strain reveals that IHF predominantly locks the capacity of the promoter to specific growth stages and also that additional physiological signals are entered in the system through final sigma(54)-RNA polymerase. The results substantiate the notion that final sigma(54) promoters process metabolic co-regulation signals through factor-induced changes in the architecture of the cognate DNA region. Further, they validate UV laser technology as a suitable tool to visualize nondisruptive alterations of DNA shape in vivo.

    背景与目标: 在不同的生长条件下,整合宿主因子 (IHF) 对恶臭假单胞菌的最终sigma(54) 依赖性Pu启动子的占领已通过UV激光足迹技术以其天然状态和化学计量 (即单倍) 监测。我们提供的证据表明,当P. putida细胞进入固定相时,细胞内IHF浓度会发生突然变化。这种变化导致该因子与启动子的结合增强,并导致靶DNA随之弯曲。由于Pu活性严格依赖于DNA弯曲,因此当细胞离开指数生长时,启动子的占领又转化为更高的转录输出。对IHF(-) 菌株中Pu的残留活性的检查表明,IHF主要将启动子的能力锁定在特定的生长阶段,并且还通过最终的sigma(54)-RNA聚合酶进入系统中。结果证实了最终的sigma(54) 启动子通过因子诱导的同源DNA区域结构变化来处理代谢协同调节信号的概念。此外,他们还验证了UV激光技术是可视化体内DNA形状非破坏性改变的合适工具。
  • 【夫妇转诊到性功能障碍诊所。心理和身体发病率。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1192/bjp.156.1.61 复制DOI
    作者列表:Catalan J,Hawton K,Day A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Two hundred couples referred to a sexual problems clinic were assessed in a standardised way for their suitability for sex therapy. The assessment focused on the nature of the sexual dysfunction, motivation for treatment, marital and relationship problems, psychiatric status, and physical problems. Approximately one-third of the couples were found to have significant marital and relationship problems, and more than 30% were suffering from psychiatric disorders, although these were usually of mild to moderate intensity. A third of males and 18% of females were suffering from physical disorders likely to contribute to the sexual dysfunction. Patients who were offered sex therapy and who completed their course of treatment were more likely to show high levels of motivation and an absence of physical disorders, marital relationship problems and psychiatric disorder. There should be careful assessment of couples suffering from sexual dysfunction before specific treatment is offered.
    背景与目标: : 以标准化的方式评估了200对被转诊到性问题诊所的夫妇是否适合性治疗。评估的重点是性功能障碍的性质,治疗动机,婚姻和人际关系问题,精神病状况和身体问题。大约3分之1对夫妇被发现有严重的婚姻和关系问题,30% 多对患有精神疾病,尽管这些通常是轻度至中度的。三分之一的男性和18% 的女性患有可能导致性功能障碍的身体疾病。接受性治疗并完成治疗过程的患者更有可能表现出高水平的动机,并且没有身体疾病,婚姻关系问题和精神疾病。在提供特定治疗之前,应仔细评估患有性功能障碍的夫妇。
  • 【艾滋病毒血清不一致夫妇性传播感染检测的障碍: 歧视的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.18865/ed.30.2.261 复制DOI
    作者列表:Alarcon J,Loeb TB,Hamilton AB,Moss NJ,Curley CM,Zhang M,Jordan WC,Lockett G,Carey-Grant C,Wyatt GE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Objectives:African Americans face challenges in accessing services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). From 2012-2016, the EBAN II intervention was funded by the NIH to test the effectiveness of implementing a culturally congruent, evidence-based HIV/AIDS prevention program in Los Angeles and Oakland, California. This study examined the impact of personal characteristics and experiences of discrimination on the likelihood of being tested for STIs. Methods:Participants (N=91) completed a baseline survey. Descriptive statistics were used to test for differences between those who did and did not obtain STI testing. Factors included HIV serostatus, sociodemographic variables, STI history, the presence of outside partners, and discrimination experiences. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted for men and women separately. Results:Participants with no recent experiences of discrimination were more than 3 (3.4) times more likely to obtain a baseline STI test than those who reported discrimination experiences. HIV-positive women with no recent experiences of discrimination were 11 times more likely than those with reports of recent discrimination to obtain STI tests. Conclusions:It is often women who are the gatekeepers for health seeking in families and the same may be for these couples. Experiences of discrimination may impede STI testing, and heighten several health risks, particularly among HIV-positive African American women in HIV-serodiscordant relationships. Addressing the impact of discrimination experiences may be important for STI prevention and treatment efforts in interventions promoting health care utilization.
    背景与目标:
  • 【ArfGAP1感应到的脂质堆积将COPI涂层的拆卸与膜双层曲率结合在一起。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/nature02108 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bigay J,Gounon P,Robineau S,Antonny B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Protein coats deform flat lipid membranes into buds and capture membrane proteins to form transport vesicles. The assembly/disassembly cycle of the COPI coat on Golgi membranes is coupled to the GTP/GDP cycle of the small G protein Arf1. At the heart of this coupling is the specific interaction of membrane-bound Arf1-GTP with coatomer, a complex of seven proteins that forms the building unit of the COPI coat. Although COPI coat disassembly requires the catalysis of GTP hydrolysis in Arf1 by a specific GTPase-activating protein (ArfGAP1), the precise timing of this reaction during COPI vesicle formation is not known. Using time-resolved assays for COPI dynamics on liposomes of controlled size, we show that the rate of ArfGAP1-catalysed GTP hydrolysis in Arf1 and the rate of COPI disassembly increase over two orders of magnitude as the curvature of the lipid bilayer increases and approaches that of a typical transport vesicle. This leads to a model for COPI dynamics in which GTP hydrolysis in Arf1 is organized temporally and spatially according to the changes in lipid packing induced by the coat.
    背景与目标: : 蛋白质外衣将平坦的脂质膜变形为芽,并捕获膜蛋白以形成运输囊泡。高尔基体膜上COPI涂层的组装/拆卸周期与小g蛋白arf1的GTP/GDP周期耦合。这种耦合的核心是膜结合Arf1-GTP与coatomer的特异性相互作用,coatomer是由七个蛋白质组成的复合物,形成了cobi涂层的构建单元。尽管cobi涂层的拆卸需要通过特定的GTPase激活蛋白 (ArfGAP1) 催化Arf1中的GTP水解,但在cobi囊泡形成过程中该反应的确切时间尚不清楚。使用时间分辨测定法对受控大小的脂质体进行COPI动力学,我们表明,随着脂质双层曲率的增加和接近典型运输囊泡的曲率,Arf1中ArfGAP1-catalysed GTP水解的速率和COPI分解的速率增加了两个数量级。这导致了coci动力学模型,其中Arf1中的GTP水解根据涂层引起的脂质堆积的变化在时间和空间上进行组织。
  • 【中国中部地区夫妻之间通过血液或性别传播人类免疫缺陷病毒1型的比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yang RR,Gui X,Benoit JL,Xiong Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To examine whether there are any differences in the rates of HIV-spousal transmission between those who have acquired the virus through blood or through sex in central China. A total of 650 HIV-infected individuals were enrolled, 420 of them were either former commercial plasma donors or recipients of blood (blood transmission group [BTG]), and 230 had acquired HIV infection through sex (sex transmission group [STG]). The spousal transmission rate of HIV was 2% per year (94/420, 11.2 years) in BTG and 8.9% per year (115/230, 5.6 years) in STG. There was a significantly higher transmission rate of HIV through male-to-female (11.7% per year, 84/128, 5.6 years) than through female-to-male (5.4% per year, 31/102, 5.6 years, P<0.05) in STG, but there was no significant gender based differences in BTG. In BTG, all HIV-1 tested were subtype B', while in STG, HIV-1 tested were predominantly subtypes CRF01_AE or CRF07_BC. Our results show that the HIV-spousal transmission rate was higher in STG than in BTG, and that there was a higher rate through male-to-female than female-to-male in STG.
    背景与目标: : 检查在中国中部地区通过血液或性行为获得病毒人之间的HIV配偶传播率是否存在差异。总共招募了650名HIV感染者,其中420名是以前的商业血浆捐献者或血液接受者 (血液传播组 [BTG]),230名通过性行为获得了HIV感染 (性传播组 [STG])。在BTG中,HIV的配偶传播率为每年2% (94/420年,11.2年),在STG中,HIV的配偶传播率为每年8.9% (115/230年,5.6年)。在STG中,HIV通过男性对女性 (每年11.7%,84/128,5.6岁) 的传播率明显高于通过女性对男性 (每年5.4%,31/102,5.6岁,P<0.05),但BTG中没有基于性别的显着差异。在BTG中,所有测试的HIV-1都是B' 亚型,而在STG中,测试的HIV-1主要是CRF01_AE或CRF07_BC亚型。我们的结果表明,STG中的HIV配偶传播率高于BTG,并且STG中的男性对女性的传播率高于女性对男性。
  • 【中国老年夫妇的婚姻满意度和抑郁症状。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/13607863.2013.805730 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang Q,Wang D,Li C,Miller RB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders among older people. Consistent with the Marital Discord Model of Depression (MDMD), research in Western cultures has found that marital distress is one of the risk factors for depression among older adults. However, the effect of marital distress on depression among older adults has not been examined in a collectivistic society, such as China. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese older adults. Considering the dyadic nature of the data, the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to test for the actor and partner effects. METHODS:The study investigated 139 older couples who were recruited from communities in Beijing, the capital of China. The Lock-Wallace Marital Adjustment and the CES-D scales were administered to the participants. RESULTS:The results indicated that neither of the actor effects was significant. One of the partner effects was significant, with the husbands' marital satisfaction predicting their wives' depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:The MDMD was only partially supported among older couples in China. An asymmetrical pattern of cross-spouse effects was found, suggesting that the husbands' perception of marital dissatisfaction could significantly predict their wives' depressive symptoms.
    背景与目标:
  • 【实验鼻病毒感冒在志愿已婚夫妇中的传播。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/infdis/133.1.28 复制DOI
    作者列表:D'Alessio DJ,Peterson JA,Dick CR,Dick EC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Communicability of rhinovirus type 16 or type 55 was studied in 24 childless couples; on partner (the donor) was infected with laboratory-grown virus. Initially, both partners lacked antibody to the challenge agent. Rates of transmission between partners were 41% and 33% for type 16 and type 55, respectively. These rates are similar to those determined in epidemiologic studies of natural rhinovirus infection. Although the mucosa of the anterior nares was shown to be highly susceptible to infection (less than one 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID50]), transmission rarely occurred unless (1) at least 1,000 TCID50 of virus was recovered from the donor's nasal washing, (2) the donor had virus on his hands and anterior nares, (3) he was at least moderately symptomatic, and (4) he spent many hours with his spouse. Since person-to-person transfer of rhinovirus was so dependent upon time spent together and shedding of large amounts of virus by the donor, it seems possible that the chain of infection could be interrupted by environmental manipulation.
    背景与目标: : 在24对无子女夫妇中研究了16型或55型犀牛病毒的可传播性; 伴侣 (供体) 感染了实验室生长的病毒。最初,双方都缺乏针对挑战剂的抗体。16型和55型伴侣之间的传播率分别为41% 和33%。这些比率与自然鼻病毒感染的流行病学研究中确定的比率相似。尽管前鼻孔的粘膜被证明对感染高度敏感 (少于一50% 组织培养感染剂量 [TCID50]),但传播很少发生,除非 (1) 从供体的鼻腔冲洗中至少回收了1,000 TCID50病毒,(2) 捐献者的手和前鼻孔上有病毒; (3) 他至少有中度症状; (4) 他与配偶度过了许多小时。由于犀牛病毒的人与人之间的转移非常依赖于花费在一起的时间以及供体释放大量病毒,因此感染链似乎有可能因环境操纵而中断。

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