• 【在11个国家/地区咨询后,影响妇女选择联合激素避孕方法的因素: CHOICE研究的子分析结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/13625187.2013.819077 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bitzer J,Cupanik V,Fait T,Gemzell-Danielsson K,Grob P,Oddens BJ,Pawelczyk L,Unzeitig V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To investigate which characteristics of women and healthcare professionals (HCPs) were associated with changing to another combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) method after contraceptive counselling. METHODS:CHOICE was a cross-sectional survey in which 18,787 women were counselled about combined hormonal contraceptives, during which their contraceptive methods preferred both prior to and after counselling were recorded. In this subanalysis, characteristics associated with changing the method after counselling were determined using logistic regression models. RESULTS:The probability of intending to change from the pill to another method was associated with being older; university-educated; being in a steady relationship; a prior unintended pregnancy; a younger HCP or one who recommended methods other than the pill. Changing to the patch was associated with a female HCP or a HCP who recommended the patch or an injectable. Changing to the ring was associated with being over 21 years; university-educated; being in a relationship; previous hormonal method use; and counselling by a female HCP, a HCP < 60 years old, or a HCP who recommended the ring or an implant. The country of residence influenced these changes in a complex pattern. CONCLUSIONS:Women's choice of CHC methods after contraceptive counselling are influenced by their age, educational background, relationship status, prior unplanned pregnancies and country of residence, as well as age, gender and preferences of their HCP.
    背景与目标:
  • 【模拟双侧人工耳蜗插入深度的耳间不匹配对语音感知的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1121/1.4812272 复制DOI
    作者列表:van Besouw RM,Forrester L,Crowe ND,Rowan D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A bilateral advantage for diotically presented stimuli has been observed for cochlear implant (CI) users and is suggested to be dependent on symmetrical implant performance. Studies using CI simulations have not shown a true "bilateral" advantage, but a "better ear" effect and have demonstrated that performance decreases with increasing basalward shift in insertion depth. This study aimed to determine whether there is a bilateral advantage for CI simulations with interaurally matched insertions and the extent to which performance is affected by interaural insertion depth mismatch. Speech perception in noise and self-reported ease of listening were measured using matched bilateral, mismatched bilateral and unilateral CI simulations over four insertion depths for seventeen normal hearing listeners. Speech scores and ease of listening reduced with increasing basalward shift in (interaurally matched) insertion depth. A bilateral advantage for speech perception was only observed when the insertion depths were interaurally matched and deep. No advantage was observed for small to moderate interaural insertion-depth mismatches, consistent with a better ear effect. Finally, both measures were poorer than expected for a better ear effect for large mismatches, suggesting that misalignment of the electrode arrays may prevent a bilateral advantage and detrimentally affect perception of diotically presented speech.
    背景与目标: : 对于人工耳蜗 (CI) 使用者,已经观察到双向呈现刺激的双边优势,并且建议这取决于对称的植入性能。使用CI模拟的研究并未显示出真正的 “双边” 优势,而是 “更好的耳朵” 效果,并且表明性能会随着插入深度的玄武向偏移而降低。这项研究旨在确定使用耳间匹配插入的CI模拟是否具有双边优势,以及耳间插入深度不匹配对性能的影响程度。使用匹配的双侧,不匹配的双侧和单侧CI模拟,对17名正常听力听众在四个插入深度上测量了噪声中的语音感知和自我报告的听力难易程度。随着 (耳间匹配) 插入深度的basalward偏移的增加,语音分数和听力的难易程度会降低。仅当插入深度在耳间匹配且较深时,才观察到语音感知的双边优势。对于小到中等的耳间插入深度不匹配,没有观察到优势,这与更好的耳朵效果一致。最后,这两种措施都比预期的要差,因为对于较大的不匹配,耳朵效果更好,这表明电极阵列的不对准可能会阻止双边优势,并不利地影响对语音呈现的感知。
  • 【部分缺牙患者的即刻非咬合与牙种植体的早期负荷: 一项多中心随机临床试验。种植体周围骨和软组织水平。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01530.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Galli F,Capelli M,Zuffetti F,Testori T,Esposito M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To compare peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels of immediately non-occlusally loaded vs. non-submerged early loaded implants in partially edentulous patients up to 14 months after placement. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Fifty-two patients were randomized in five Italian private practices: 25 in the immediately loaded group and 27 in the early loaded group. To be immediately loaded, single implants had to be inserted with a torque of > or = 30 N cm, and splinted implants with a torque of > or = 20 N cm. Immediately loaded implants were provided with non-occluding temporary restorations within 48 h. After 2 months, the provisional restorations were placed in full occlusion. Implants were early loaded after 2 months. Final restorations were provided 8 months after placement. Blinded assessors evaluated peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels. RESULTS:Fifty-two implants were immediately loaded and 52 were early loaded. No drop-out occurred. One single immediately loaded implant failed 2 months after placement. Both groups gradually lost peri-implant bone in a highly statistically significant manner at 2, 8, and 14 months. After 14 months, patients of both groups lost an average of 1.1 mm of peri-implant bone. There were no statistically significant differences between the two loading strategies for peri-implant bone and soft-tissue level changes (P > 0.05). After 14 months, the position of the soft tissues did not change significantly from baseline (delivery of the final restorations 8 months after placement). CONCLUSIONS:There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between immediate and early loading of dental implants with regard to peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels as evaluated in the present study.
    背景与目标:
  • 【通过基质细胞衍生因子1α 和纤连蛋白的侧特异性涂层控制自体再细胞化并抑制脱细胞血管植入物的变性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1088/1748-605X/ab54e3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sugimura Y,Chekhoeva A,Oyama K,Nakanishi S,Toshmatova M,Miyahara S,Barth M,Assmann AK,Lichtenberg A,Assmann A,Akhyari P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Optimized biocompatibility is crucial for the durability of cardiovascular implants. Previously, a combined coating with fibronectin (FN) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) has been shown to accelerate the in vivo cellularization of synthetic vascular grafts and to reduce the calcification of biological pulmonary root grafts. In this study, we evaluate the effect of side-specific luminal SDF1α coating and adventitial FN coating on the in vivo cellularization and degeneration of decellularized rat aortic implants. Aortic arch vascular donor grafts were detergent-decellularized. The luminal graft surface was coated with SDF1α, while the adventitial surface was coated with FN. SDF1α-coated and uncoated grafts were infrarenally implanted (n = 20) in rats and followed up for up to eight weeks. Cellular intima population was accelerated by luminal SDF1α coating at two weeks (92.4 ± 2.95% versus 61.1 ± 6.51% in controls, p < 0.001). SDF1α coating inhibited neo-intimal hyperplasia, resulting in a significantly decreased intima-to-media ratio after eight weeks (0.62 ± 0.15 versus 1.35 ± 0.26 in controls, p < 0.05). Furthermore, at eight weeks, media calcification was significantly decreased in the SDF1α group as compared to the control group (area of calcification in proximal arch region 1092 ± 517 μm2 versus 11 814 ± 1883 μm2, p < 0.01). Luminal coating with SDF1α promotes early autologous intima recellularization in vivo and attenuates neo-intima hyperplasia as well as calcification of decellularized vascular grafts.
    背景与目标: : 优化的生物相容性对于心血管植入物的耐久性至关重要。以前,已显示具有纤连蛋白 (FN) 和基质细胞衍生因子1α (SDF1α) 的组合涂层可加速合成血管移植物的体内细胞化并减少生物肺根移植物的钙化。在这项研究中,我们评估了侧特异性腔SDF1α 涂层和外膜FN涂层对脱细胞大鼠主动脉植入物体内细胞化和变性的影响。主动脉弓血管供体移植物被去污剂脱细胞。腔移植物表面涂有SDF1α,而外膜表面涂有FN。将sdf1α 涂层和未涂层的移植物在大鼠体内植入 (n = 20),并进行长达八周的随访。在两周时,腔膜SDF1α 涂层加速了细胞内膜群 (对照组为92.4 ± 2.95%,对照组为61.1 ± 6.51%,p <0.001)。SDF1α 涂层抑制新内膜增生,导致8周后内膜与中膜比率显着降低 (对照组为0.62 ± 0.15,对照组为1.35 ± 0.26,p <0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,在8周时,SDF1α 组的介质钙化显着降低 (近端弓区域的钙化面积1092 ± 517 μm2与11 814 ± 1883 μm2相比,p <0.01)。带有SDF1α 的腔涂层可促进体内早期自体内膜再细胞化,并减轻新内膜增生以及脱细胞血管移植物的钙化。
  • 【自愿协会中喀麦隆妇女使用避孕药具的社交网络协会。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00385-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Valente TW,Watkins SC,Jato MN,van der Straten A,Tsitsol LP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper examines the association between social networks and contraceptive use. Using data from a survey of women belonging to voluntary associations in Yaoundé, Cameroon, we find that the behavior and characteristics of the members of a respondent's personal networks are associated with her contraceptive use, over and above a set of her own individual characteristics that are usually found to be important. Respondents who report that their network partners approve of contraception, use it, and encourage the respondent to use are more likely to use contraception themselves; the association with encouragement is particularly strong. Moreover, there is a strong association between the specific methods of contraception used by a respondent and those used by her network partners, suggesting that members of personal networks exchange and evaluate specific methods. Because most of the respondent's network partners were interviewed, we are able to compare the respondent's perceptions of contraceptive use by her network partners with the network partner's actual use. We find that it is perceptions of use that matter, even if those perception are incorrect.
    背景与目标: : 本文研究了社交网络与避孕药具使用之间的关联。使用来自喀麦隆雅温得自愿协会的妇女的调查数据,我们发现受访者个人网络成员的行为和特征与她的避孕药具使用有关,超出了她自己的一系列个人特征,通常被发现很重要。报告自己的网络伴侣赞成避孕,使用避孕并鼓励受访者使用避孕的受访者更有可能自己使用避孕措施; 与鼓励的联系特别强烈。此外,受访者使用的特定避孕方法与她的网络合作伙伴使用的避孕方法之间存在很强的联系,这表明个人网络成员交换和评估特定方法。由于大多数受访者的网络合作伙伴都接受了采访,因此我们能够将受访者对其网络合作伙伴使用避孕药具的看法与网络合作伙伴的实际使用情况进行比较。我们发现,重要的是对使用的感知,即使这些感知是不正确的。
  • 【铜/低密度聚乙烯纳米复合宫内节育器和铜T220C宫内节育器避孕效果和临床性能的比较研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.05.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yu J,Li J,Li HG,Li JX,Xie CS,Zhu CH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The study was conducted to compare the antifertility effectiveness and side effects of the copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite IUD (experimental group) and the copper T220C IUD (control group). STUDY DESIGN:One hundred females were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group, n = 50 in each group). Clinical observation and comparative study were performed on the two groups for 12 months. RESULTS:Follow-up rate was 100% at the 12th month. In the experimental group and control group, the cumulative continuation rates were both 92.0 per 100 women at the 12th month and there was no difference between them (p > .05). The pregnancy rate, removal rate and expulsion rate were low with the difference being not statistically significant (p>.05). The most common side effects were excessive menstrual bleeding, spotting and pain. The rates of side effects were lower in the experimental group than in control group, especially during the initial 3 months after insertion with the differences being statistically significant (p < .05). CONCLUSION:The new design of the copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite IUD showed low pregnancy rate, high contraceptive efficacy and satisfactory acceptability. The study suggested that the TCu220C IUD also had high contraceptive efficacy, but had relatively more side effects.
    背景与目标:
  • 【孕激素受体调节剂的避孕应用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/13625180802267060 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chabbert-Buffet N,Ouzounian S,Kairis AP,Bouchard P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Currently developed progesterone receptor modulators (PRMs) are steroid-derived compounds with mild or potent antiprogestin activity. PRMs may exert a contraceptive activity by different mechanisms such as blockade of ovulation and endometrial desynchronization. Their potential clinical applications are manifold and are very promising in major public health areas, including emergency contraception, long term oestrogen-free contraception (administered alone, or in association with a progestin-only pill to improve bleeding patterns), endometriosis and myoma treatment. The mechanisms of their anti-ovulatory effects and of the endometrial modifications elicited during long term PRM treatment are still not fully elucidated. In future clinical applications, PRMs will be administered orally, via intrauterine systems or vaginal rings.
    背景与目标: : 目前开发的孕激素受体调节剂 (prm) 是具有温和或有效抗孕激素活性的类固醇衍生化合物。PRMs可能通过不同的机制 (例如排卵阻断和子宫内膜失步) 发挥避孕活性。它们的潜在临床应用是多方面的,并且在主要公共卫生领域非常有前途,包括紧急避孕,长期无雌激素避孕 (单独使用或与仅孕激素药联合使用以改善出血模式),子宫内膜异位症和肌瘤治疗。在长期PRM治疗期间,其抗排卵作用和子宫内膜修饰的机制仍未完全阐明。在未来的临床应用中,PRMs将通过宫内系统或阴道环口服。
  • 【英国和美国的青少年性活动,避孕药具的使用和怀孕: 十年比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.310 复制DOI
    作者列表:Scott RH,Wellings K,Lindberg L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Pregnancy rates among adolescents have declined in the U.S. and Britain but remain high compared with other high-income countries. This comparison describes trends in pregnancy rates, recent sexual activity, and contraceptive use among women aged 16-19 years in the U.S. and Britain to consider the contribution of these two behavioral factors to the decline in pregnancy rates in the two countries and the differences between them. METHODS:We use data from two rounds of the U.S. National Survey of Family Growth, conducted 2002-2003 and 2011-2015, and the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, conducted 2000-2001 and 2010-2012, to describe population-level differences between countries and over time in sexual activity and contraceptive use. We calculate pregnancy rates using national births and abortions data. RESULTS:Pregnancy rates declined in both countries; this began earlier in the U.S. and was steeper. There was no change in sexual activity in Britain, but in the U.S., the proportion reporting recent sex declined. In both countries, there was a shift toward more effective contraception. A higher proportion in Britain than the U.S. reported ever having had sex (65% vs. 49%) and sex in the last year (64% vs. 45%), 6 months (59% vs. 39%), and 4 weeks (48% vs. 29%). A higher proportion in Britain reported using more effective contraception (68% vs. 52%). CONCLUSIONS:In both countries, improvements in contraceptive use have contributed substantially to declines in pregnancy rates; however, the steeper decline in the U.S. likely also reflects declines in recent sex occurring only in that country.
    背景与目标:
  • 【[用等离子沉积的功能化类金刚石碳涂层,以减少泌尿外科植入物的结壳]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00120-007-1451-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Laube N,Kleinen L,Böde U,Fisang C,Meissner A,Bradenahl J,Syring I,Busch H,Pinkowski W,Müller SC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The double-J stents used today for palliative artificial urinary diversion very often show extreme formation of encrustations, even a short time after implantation. Despite increased scientific material development, the complication rate has not really been strongly influenced. Grant-aided by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, we chose a new interdisciplinary and translational approach by coating standard stent materials with plasma-deposited amorphous diamond-like carbon. These stents show clearly reduced rates of encrustation in vitro. Ongoing clinical trials demonstrate a further enhancement of this effect in vivo. The underlying mechanisms are being investigated by extending the established in vitro model, thereby pushing research in this field to a new level.
    背景与目标: : 当今用于姑息性人工尿流改道的双J支架经常显示出极度的结壳形成,即使在植入后很短的时间内也是如此。尽管科学材料的开发有所增加,但并发症发生率并未受到很大影响。在德国联邦教育和研究部的资助下,我们选择了一种新的跨学科和转化方法,方法是用等离子沉积的无定形类金刚石碳涂覆标准支架材料。这些支架在体外明显降低了结壳率。正在进行的临床试验表明,这种作用在体内进一步增强。正在通过扩展已建立的体外模型来研究其潜在机制,从而将该领域的研究推向一个新的水平。
  • 【充气阴茎假体的长期生存: 跨越二十年的2,384首次植入物的单手术组经验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00540.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wilson SK,Delk JR,Salem EA,Cleves MA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Long-term revision-free survival, greater than 10 years has never been reported for inflatable penile prostheses. We conducted a historical prospective study to estimate 10 and 15 years survival of first time (virgin) implantations in 2,384 patients with four different models. AIM:Evaluation of 10- and 15-year mechanical and overall revision-free survival of inflatable penile prostheses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Kaplan-Meier product limit method, and comparison using the log rank test, were used to estimate the 10- and 15-year revision-free survival. METHODS:Data were obtained from medical records and patient interviews, entered into a computerized database, and analyzed by a third party. Information included implant type, date, revision history with date, and reason. Fourteen different inflatables were examined. Mentor Alpha 1, Mentor Alpha NB, AMS 700 CX, and AMS 700 Ultrex had usage for an extended period of time. Because of failure times being confounded as a result of prior implants, only virgin implants were examined. RESULTS:For the entire series, estimated 10-year revision-free survival for all reasons was 68.5% and the 15-year revision-free survival was 59.7%. Freedom from mechanical breakage at 10 years was 79.4%; 15 years was 71.2%. Recent mechanically enhanced models did even better. In 1992, Mentor Alpha added pump reinforcement to forestall mechanical breakage. This improved 10-year survival from 65.3% to 88.6% (P = 0.0001). In January 2001, AMS CX added a parylene coating to the cylinders that increased 3-year mechanical survival from 88.4 to 97.9% (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS:This is the first report on long-term reliability of inflatable penile prostheses. We estimated 60% of these virgin implants would survive 15 or more years without revision or extraction. Newer enhanced models are currently available, and our tracking predicts even better long-term survival for these devices.
    背景与目标:
  • 【插入乳房植入物后爆发了按摩分枝杆菌感染。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1086/507535 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rahav G,Pitlik S,Amitai Z,Lavy A,Blech M,Keller N,Smollan G,Lewis M,Zlotkin A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Surgical wound infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria developed in 15 women after insertion of breast implants from August to November 2003 at a single medical center. METHODS:A case-control study was conducted that included the identified patients, as well as women who underwent breast operations at the same center who did not develop infections. The study was accompanied by an extensive environmental investigation. Isolates were identified by standard bacteriological methods and by comparison of their 16S rRNA, HSP65, RPOB, SODA, and RECA gene sequences. Isolates were compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS:The risk factors for infection included surgery performed by 1 specific surgeon (odds ratio, 21.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.64-125.6). Identical strains of mycobacteria were isolated from the infected wounds of the patients; from the eyebrows, hair, face, nose, ears, and groin of this particular surgeon; and from this surgeon's outdoor whirlpool. The isolates exhibited a biochemical profile overlapping that of Mycobacterium wolinskyi, but their sequences of 16S rRNA and HSP65, RPOB, SODA, and RECA genes differed. We propose the name "Mycobacterium jacuzzii" for this new species. DNA fingerprints of cultured isolates from the surgical wounds, areas of the surgeon's body that grow hair, and the surgeon's whirlpool were identical. When the surgeon discontinued his use of the whirlpool and began cleaning the hairy areas of his body with a shampoo containing triclosan, the outbreak ended. CONCLUSIONS:This outbreak brings to light the possibility of the colonization of human skin and human-to-human transmission of environmental mycobacteria during surgery that involves implant insertion.
    背景与目标:
  • 【多孔聚乙烯植入物在肿瘤上颌骨切除术和重建后的延迟感染: 2例报告并文献复习。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0145561320927525 复制DOI
    作者列表:Landry M,Hankins M,Berkovic J,Nathan CA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Medpor porous polyethylene implants are commonly used for facial skeletal reconstruction due to reported biocompatibility, fibrovascularization, and durability. While uncommon, late implant infections are an important consideration. We report delayed infections in 2 patients after unilateral total oncologic maxillectomy and reconstruction using Medpor implants for an ossifying fibroma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. In the first patient, annual interval computed tomography (CT) scans showed no recurrence of tumor or inflammatory changes. The second was lost to follow-up after adjuvant chemoradiation 1 year after resection. Patients both presented with swelling, drainage, and erythema around the implant at a mean of 4.5 years following maxillectomy. Both failed several attempts at conservative treatment. Cultures of implants removed at a mean of 2.5 months after infection grew α-hemolytic Streptococcus in the first and multiple organisms in the second, showing that the potential for delayed infection should be considered years after reconstruction.
    背景与目标: : Medpor多孔聚乙烯植入物通常用于面部骨骼重建,因为有报道的生物相容性,纤维血管化和耐久性。虽然不常见,但晚期植入物感染是一个重要的考虑因素。我们报告了2例单侧全肿瘤上颌骨切除术和使用Medpor植入物重建骨化性纤维瘤和鳞状细胞癌后的延迟感染。在第一位患者中,每年的间隔计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描显示没有肿瘤复发或炎症变化。第二例在切除后1年辅助放化疗后失访。上颌骨切除术后平均4.5年,患者均在植入物周围出现肿胀,引流和红斑。两次保守治疗都失败了。在感染后平均2.5个月去除的植入物培养物在第一个生物中生长了 α-溶血性链球菌,在第二个生物中生长了多种生物,表明应在重建后数年内考虑延迟感染的可能性。
  • 【口服避孕药使用者在整个月经周期内的通气控制和酸碱调节。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2007.04.005 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nettlefold L,Jensen D,Janssen I,Wolfe LA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We examined the effect of menstrual cycle (MC) phase on acid-base regulation and ventilatory control at rest in monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) users. Twelve healthy women (25+/-1 years; mean+/-S.E.) were tested during the inactive (IP; 5.1+/-0.2 days) and active (AP; 21.1+/-0.7 days) pill phase of the MC. Central and peripheral chemoreflex responsiveness was examined using a modified CO(2) rebreathing procedure. Minute ventilation (V E), breathing pattern and metabolic rate were measured during 10 min of quiet, resting breathing. Blood for the determination of arterial P(CO2) (Pa(CO2)) and hydrogen ion concentration ([H(+)]); plasma concentrations of the strong ion difference ([SID]) and total weak acid ([A(tot)]); serum concentrations of progesterone ([P(4)]) and 17beta-estradiol ([E(2)]) were also obtained. Although [E(2)] (p<0.05) and [A(tot)] (p=0.05) were increased in the IP versus AP, MC phase had no significant effect on resting V E, breathing pattern, metabolic rate, [H(+)], Pa(CO2), [SID], [P(4)] and central or peripheral chemoreflex characteristics. Overall, OC had no significant physiological effect on acid-base regulation or ventilatory control at rest in healthy women. This may reflect suppression of endogenous fluctuations in circulating [P(4)] typically observed across the MC in healthy, eumenorrheic non-OC users.
    背景与目标: : 我们检查了单相口服避孕药 (OC) 使用者的月经周期 (MC) 阶段对静息时酸碱调节和通气控制的影响。在MC的非活性 (IP; 5.1 +/-0.2天) 和活性 (AP; 21.1 +/-0.7天) 药丸期测试了12名健康女性 (25 +/-1岁; 平均 +/-S.E.)。使用改良的CO(2) 再呼吸程序检查了中枢和外周化学反射的反应性。在安静的静息呼吸10分钟内,测量分钟通气 (V E),呼吸方式和代谢率。血液测定动脉P(CO2) (Pa(CO2)) 和氢离子浓度 ([H(+)]); 血浆浓度的强离子差 ([SID]) 和总弱酸 ([A(tot)]); 还获得了孕酮 ([P(4)]) 和17β-雌二醇 ([E(2)]) 的血清浓度。尽管与AP相比,IP中 [E(2)] (p<0.05) 和 [A(tot)] (p = 0.05) 增加,但MC期对静息V E,呼吸方式,代谢率,[H(+)],pa (CO2),[SID],[P(4)] 和中央或外围化学反射特性。总体而言,OC对健康女性休息时的酸碱调节或通气控制没有显着的生理作用。这可能反映了在健康的,正常的非OC用户中,通常在MC中观察到的循环 [P(4)] 内源性波动的抑制。
  • 【耳蜗植入年轻候选人的短暂性耳聋。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000103271 复制DOI
    作者列表:Attias J,Raveh E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study describes 5 infants who were diagnosed with auditory neuropathy (AN) associated with severe to profound neural hearing loss shortly after birth. However, on repetition of the tests 7-12 months later, all infants showed full or partial recovery. The follow-up electrophysiological patterns were characterized by the appearance of wave I, followed by wave III and V, reflecting synchronization of auditory pathways and improvement in auditory nerve function. Suspected causative or contributory factors were neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, hypoxia, ischemia, and central nervous system immaturity, alone or in combination. These findings indicate that lack of an auditory brain stem response does not necessarily mean no hearing and that the situation where AN exists can improve. Thus, clinicians should be made aware that although cochlear implants may yield better auditory performance when applied early, they should be considered a therapeutic option only after repeated measures have proved persistent AN, and no child should be considered for an implant until a behavioral measure of hearing has been obtained.
    背景与目标: : 这项研究描述了5名婴儿,他们在出生后不久被诊断出患有听觉神经病 (AN),并伴有严重至严重的神经听力损失。然而,在7-12个月后重复测试时,所有婴儿均显示完全或部分康复。随访电生理模式的特征是出现I波,其次是III波和V波,反映了听觉通路的同步和听觉神经功能的改善。可疑的病因或促成因素是新生儿高胆红素血症,缺氧,缺血和中枢神经系统不成熟,单独或联合使用。这些发现表明,缺乏听觉脑干反应并不一定意味着没有听力,并且存在的情况可以改善。因此,临床医生应该意识到,尽管人工耳蜗植入在早期应用时可能会产生更好的听觉性能,但只有在重复测量证明持续存在后,才应将其视为治疗选择,并且在行为测量之前,不应考虑将儿童植入植入物。已获得听力。
  • 【在肿瘤切除后的辐射面部畸形中使用骨锚定植入物进行眼部重建。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000003169 复制DOI
    作者列表:Singh M,Minasian R,Jackson M,Caterson EJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Surgical resection of ocular malignancies can result in complex craniofacial defects that can be difficult to reconstruct with conventional reconstruction techniques. Craniofacial prosthesis supported by bone-anchored implants has evolved as a reliable alternative in such scenarios. METHODS:The authors describe a patient who underwent extensive facial resection secondary to squamous cell carcinoma resulting in significant facial deformities. A bone-anchored osseointegrated implant was used to perform facial reconstruction. RESULTS:The patient had successful reconstruction of her orbit with bone-anchored implant. However, her implant needed to be removed 10 months postoperatively secondary to infection. A second attempt at implant placement has been deferred due to osteonecrosis secondary to adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION:Bone-anchored implants can provide an elegant alternative in the reconstruction of complex facial defects and provide direct access to surveillance for possible tumor recurrence. However, these bone-supported prosthetics should be used with caution in patients undergoing irradiation.
    背景与目标:

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