• 【关系质量,激素避孕选择和青少年妇女不使用避孕套的发展关联。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.027 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sayegh MA,Fortenberry JD,Shew M,Orr DP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Consistent condom use is critical to efforts to prevent sexually transmitted infections among adolescents, but condom use may decline as relationships and contraceptive needs change. The purpose of this research is to assess changes in condom non-use longitudinally in the context of changes in relationship quality, coital frequency and hormonal contraceptive choice. METHODS:Participants were women (aged 14-17 years at enrollment) recruited from three urban adolescent medicine clinics. Data were collected at three-month intervals using a face-to-face structured interview. Participants were able to contribute up to 10 interviews, but on average contributed 4.2 interviews over the 27-month period. Independent variables assessed partner-specific relationship quality (five items; scale range 5-25; alpha = .92, e.g., this partner is a very important person to me); and, number of coital events with a specific partner. Additional items assessed experience with oral contraceptive pills (OCP) use and injected depo medroxy-progesterone acetate (DMPA). The outcome variable was number of coital events without condom use during the past three months. Analyses were conducted as a three-level hierarchical linear growth curve model using HLM 6. The Level 1 predictor was time, to test the hypothesis that condom non-use increases over time. Level 2 predictors assessed relationship quality and coital frequency across all partners to assess hypotheses that participants' condom non-use increases over time as a function of relationship quality and coital frequency. Level 3 predictors assessed the participant-level influence of OCP or DMPA experience on time-related changes in condom non-use. RESULTS:A total of 176 women reported 279 sex partners and contributed 478 visits. Both average coital frequency and average condom non-use linearly increased during the 27-month follow-up. At any given follow-up, about 35% reported recent OCP use, and 65% reported DMPA use. HLM analyses showed that condom non-use increased as a function of time (beta = .12; p = .03, Level 1 analysis). Increased condom non-use over time was primarily a function of increased coital frequency (beta = .01; p = .00), although higher levels of relationship quality were associated with increased condom non-use at enrollment (beta = .44; p = .00, Level 2 analysis). The temporal rise in condom non-use significantly increased among DMPA users (beta = .06; p = .00) but not OCP users (Level 3 analysis) (beta = -.04; p = .06). CONCLUSIONS:Developmentally, relationship characteristics and coital frequency appear to have increasing weight in decisions about condom use. Hormonal contraceptive methods are not equivalently associated with the overall temporal decline in condom use. Future research associated with dual contraceptive/condom use should address differential factors associated condom use in combination with different hormonal methods.
    背景与目标:
  • 【氧化锆植入物的组织学行为: 大鼠实验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.aanat.2012.09.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mai R,Kunert-Keil C,Grafe A,Gedrange T,Lauer G,Dominiak M,Gredes T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :New biomaterials including surface modifications should undergo in vitro and in vivo evaluation before clinical trials. The objective of our in vivo study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of one of the newly fabricated zirconia implant surfaces, called "mds". For this purpose, the osseointegration of these implants was analyzed after implantation in surgically created defects in the cranium of adult male rats. After a healing period of 28 and 56 days, respectively, bone tissue specimens containing the implants were processed and histologically analyzed. For this purpose, sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin and Masson Goldner trichrome. No signs of cellular inflammatory infiltrate were found in any of the animals. After 28 days, slices showed pronounced development of blood vessels and bone regeneration. After 56 days of healing, direct bridging of the bone defects was detectable with distinctly visible kit lines. There were cell rich areas of connective tissue/bone marrow between zirconia discs and bearing bone. Histomorphometric analysis presented a regenerated bone mean value of 36.3% after 28 days of healing. After 56 days of healing, a 1.6 fold increased bone mean value was observed (58.2%). Using the same analysis, 1% and 39.9% of bone-implant-contact was visible after both healing periods, respectively. On average, connective tissue/marrow spaces occupied 99% of implant-contact-area after 28 days of healing. This area was reduced to 60.1% after 56 days. Within the limits of the animal investigation presented, it was concluded that the tested surface modification of zirconia implants were biocompatible and osseoconductive.
    背景与目标: : 包括表面修饰在内的新型生物材料应在临床试验之前进行体外和体内评估。我们体内研究的目的是评估一种新制造的氧化锆植入物表面 (称为 “mds”) 的生物相容性。为此,在成年雄性大鼠颅骨的手术缺陷中植入后,分析了这些植入物的骨整合。分别经过28天和56天的愈合后,对包含植入物的骨组织标本进行处理并进行组织学分析。为此,将切片用苏木精/伊红和Masson Goldner三色染色。在任何动物中均未发现细胞炎性浸润的迹象。28天后,切片显示出明显的血管发育和骨骼再生。愈合56天后,用明显可见的kit线可检测到骨缺损的直接桥接。氧化锆盘和轴承骨之间有结缔组织/骨髓的细胞丰富区域。组织形态计量学分析显示愈合28天后的再生骨平均值为36.3%。愈合56天后,观察到1.6倍增加的骨平均值 (58.2%)。使用相同的分析,在两个愈合时期后分别可见骨-植入物-接触的1% 和39.9%。平均而言,愈合28天后,结缔组织/骨髓空间占据了植入物接触区域的99%。56天后,该区域减少到60.1%。在提出的动物研究范围内,得出的结论是,经测试的氧化锆植入物的表面改性具有生物相容性和骨传导性。
  • 【在计划生育环境中容易插入宫内避孕器。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/ajo.12007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Harvey C,Bateson D,Wattimena J,Black KI
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Intrauterine devices (IUDs) provide highly effective contraception for women worldwide. Reluctance to insert IUDs in the primary care setting may relate to concern about potential difficulty and complications, particularly in nulliparous women. AIMS:To determine the practitioner, patient and procedural factors associated with abandoned IUD insertion, practitioner-reported difficulty of insertion and adverse events during IUD insertions in the family planning setting. METHODS:This was a prospective study over a 12-month period of consecutive IUD insertions in four family planning clinics across New South Wales and Queensland. Patient, practitioner and device-related factors associated with abandoned IUD insertion, practitioner-reported ease of insertion and immediate insertion-related adverse events were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS:Of 996 insertion procedures, successful insertion occurred in 95%, and 90% were reported as easy by the inserting doctor, including 80% of those in nulliparous women. Patient characteristics associated with an abandoned insertion were nulliparity (AOR 5.19; 2.49-10.82) or caesarean section-only deliveries (AOR 5.38; 2.58-11.22) and with practitioner-reported difficult insertion, nulliparity alone (AOR 1.98; 1.11-3.54). Practitioners inserting fewer than 100 IUDs over the 12-month study period more frequently rated insertions as difficult (AOR 1.76; 1.08-2.88). Complications occurred in 34 women and were more likely in nulliparous women (AOR 4.51; 2.16-9.39). CONCLUSIONS:Most IUDs can be successfully inserted, even in nulliparous women, in a primary care setting. Referral to a specialist may be appropriate for some women who are nulliparous or had caesarean section-only deliveries, depending on the experience of the practitioner.
    背景与目标:
  • 【壳聚糖-磷酸甘油/血液植入物增加钻孔软骨缺损中的细胞募集,瞬时血管化和软骨下骨重塑。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2006.08.007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chevrier A,Hoemann CD,Sun J,Buschmann MD
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Marrow-stimulation techniques are used by surgeons to repair cartilage lesions although consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage is rare. We have shown previously that autologous blood can be mixed with a polymer solution containing chitosan in a glycerol phosphate (GP) buffer (chitosan-GP), and that implantation of this polymer/blood composite onto marrow-stimulated chondral defects in rabbit and sheep leads to the synthesis of more chondral repair tissue with greater hyaline character compared to marrow-stimulation alone. In the current study, we examined the modulation of cell recruitment and repair tissue characteristics at early post-surgical time points (from day 1 to 56) in a rabbit model to elucidate potential mechanisms behind this improved repair outcome. DESIGN:Thirty-three skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits underwent bilateral arthrotomies, with each trochlea receiving a cartilage defect (3.5 mm x 4.5mm) bearing four microdrill holes (0.9 mm diameter, approximately 4 mm deep) into the subchondral bone. One defect per rabbit was treated with a chitosan-GP/blood implant, while the other defect was left as a microdrilled control. Repair tissues were stained by histochemistry, for collagen types I, II, and X by immunohistochemistry and analyzed using quantitative stereological tools. RESULTS:Histological analyses demonstrated that control defects followed a typical healing sequence observed previously in marrow-stimulation animal models while chitosan-GP/blood implants led to three significant modifications in the healing sequence at early stages: (1) increased inflammatory and marrow-derived stromal cell recruitment to the microdrill holes, (2) increased vascularization of the provisional repair tissue in the microdrill holes, and (3) increased intramembranous bone formation and subchondral bone remodeling (BR). CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that the greater levels of provisional tissue vascularization and BR activity are main factors supporting improved cartilage repair when chitosan-GP/blood implants are applied to marrow-stimulated cartilage lesions.
    背景与目标:
  • 【去甲后植入物插入类过敏反应: 一例报告。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00038-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gbolade BA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Presented is the first reported case of an anaphylactoid reaction following Norplant contraceptive implant insertion. The 19-year-old UK woman denied any history of allergic reaction to local anesthesia. After subcutaneous infiltration with 50 mg of 1% lidocaine (without adrenalin), 6 Norplant capsules were inserted through use of the standard insertion technique. Shortly after completion of the procedure, the patient collapsed and had 2 short convulsions. Her blood pressure dropped to 80/40 mm Hg and her radial pulse was 60 beats/minute and thready. Recovery was rapid following administration of intramuscular adrenalin and intravenous hydrocortisone. The woman later recalled a similar episode during a visit to her dentist. An estimated 3 in every 100,000 patients receiving lignocaine hydrochloride have an episode of anaphylaxis in the hospital. In type I hypersensitivity reactions, there is often a history of previous exposure to the allergen, as occurred in this patient. Those undertaking Norplant insertion and removal should be aware of the potential for serious allergic reactions and have access to resuscitative equipment.

    背景与目标: 提出了第一例报道的Norplant避孕植入物插入后发生类过敏反应的病例。这位19岁的英国妇女否认对局部麻醉有任何过敏反应史。在皮下浸润50 mg 1% 利多卡因 (不含肾上腺素) 后,通过使用标准插入技术插入6个Norplant胶囊。手术完成后不久,患者晕倒并出现2次短暂抽搐。她的血压下降到80/40毫米汞柱,她的桡动脉脉搏是60次/分钟和微弱的。肌肉注射肾上腺素和静脉注射氢化可的松后恢复迅速。这位女士后来在去看牙医时回忆起类似的情节。每100,000名接受盐酸利诺卡因的患者中估计有3名在医院发生过敏反应。在I型超敏反应中,通常有先前暴露于过敏原的病史,如在该患者中发生的。那些进行Norplant插入和移除的人应该意识到严重过敏反应的可能性,并可以使用复苏设备。
  • 【人工耳蜗韵律感知的 [实验]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-04-01
    来源期刊:HNO
    DOI:10.1007/s00106-006-1452-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Meister H,Tepeli D,Wagner P,Hess W,Walger M,von Wedel H,Lang-Roth R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Prosody has a myriad of linguistic functions and involves specific aspects of speech, such as stress, intonation and pauses. The underlying acoustic quantities (amplitude envelope, pitch frequency, and temporal structure) can be processed and transmitted by cochlear implants (CI) only to a limited extent. At present, no adequate tests are available in the German-speaking world for evaluation of the perception of prosodic elements. Different experiments have been conducted to address several prosodic cues, and the results are to be used as a basis for appropriate tests. METHODS:Various prosodic materials were used for the experiments. Discrimination was measured for minimal pairs differing in frequency and/or duration, accents in words and phrases, questions versus statements and phrasing. Measurements were performed in ten normal-hearing subjects and five with cochlear implants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:In all test modules, the subjects with normal hearing proved to have high discrimination rates of 96-100%. The test of word stresses was problematic because the results were influenced by different confounders. The other measurements did prove to be basically suitable for use in the subjects with implants. Early results revealed that the subjects with CI had few problems with prosodic cues based on the temporal structure, the outcome being similar to that of the subjects with normal hearing in these tests. In contrast, the performance of subjects with CI in perceiving prosodic cues based on amplitude variations and, especially, on alterations in pitch frequency was worse, even though some of them achieved very good results in these tests too. These preliminary tests can form the basis for development of a German-language prosody test battery with a limited number of subtests addressing different prosodic cues.
    背景与目标:
  • 【远程医疗和心脏植入物: 有什么好处?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs388 复制DOI
    作者列表:Varma N,Ricci RP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cardiac implantable electronic devices are increasing in prevalence. The post-implant follow-up is important for monitoring both device function and patient condition. However, practice is inconsistent. For example, ICD follow-up schedules vary from 3 monthly to yearly according to facility and physician preference and availability of resources. Recommended follow-up schedules impose significant burden. Importantly, no surveillance occurs between follow-up visits. In contrast, implantable devices with automatic remote monitoring capability provide a means for performing constant surveillance, with the ability to identify salient problems rapidly. Remote home monitoring reduces the volume of device clinic visits and provides early detection of patient and/or system problems.
    背景与目标: : 心脏植入式电子设备的患病率正在上升。植入后的随访对于监测设备功能和患者状况都很重要。然而,实践是不一致的。例如,根据设施和医生的偏好以及资源的可用性,ICD随访时间表从3个月到每年不等。建议的后续时间表带来了巨大的负担。重要的是,在后续访问之间没有监视。相反,具有自动远程监视功能的可植入设备提供了一种执行持续监视的方法,具有快速识别突出问题的能力。远程家庭监控减少了设备诊所就诊的数量,并提供了对患者和/或系统问题的早期检测。
  • 【在11个国家/地区咨询后,影响妇女选择联合激素避孕方法的因素: CHOICE研究的子分析结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/13625187.2013.819077 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bitzer J,Cupanik V,Fait T,Gemzell-Danielsson K,Grob P,Oddens BJ,Pawelczyk L,Unzeitig V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To investigate which characteristics of women and healthcare professionals (HCPs) were associated with changing to another combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) method after contraceptive counselling. METHODS:CHOICE was a cross-sectional survey in which 18,787 women were counselled about combined hormonal contraceptives, during which their contraceptive methods preferred both prior to and after counselling were recorded. In this subanalysis, characteristics associated with changing the method after counselling were determined using logistic regression models. RESULTS:The probability of intending to change from the pill to another method was associated with being older; university-educated; being in a steady relationship; a prior unintended pregnancy; a younger HCP or one who recommended methods other than the pill. Changing to the patch was associated with a female HCP or a HCP who recommended the patch or an injectable. Changing to the ring was associated with being over 21 years; university-educated; being in a relationship; previous hormonal method use; and counselling by a female HCP, a HCP < 60 years old, or a HCP who recommended the ring or an implant. The country of residence influenced these changes in a complex pattern. CONCLUSIONS:Women's choice of CHC methods after contraceptive counselling are influenced by their age, educational background, relationship status, prior unplanned pregnancies and country of residence, as well as age, gender and preferences of their HCP.
    背景与目标:
  • 【模拟双侧人工耳蜗插入深度的耳间不匹配对语音感知的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1121/1.4812272 复制DOI
    作者列表:van Besouw RM,Forrester L,Crowe ND,Rowan D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A bilateral advantage for diotically presented stimuli has been observed for cochlear implant (CI) users and is suggested to be dependent on symmetrical implant performance. Studies using CI simulations have not shown a true "bilateral" advantage, but a "better ear" effect and have demonstrated that performance decreases with increasing basalward shift in insertion depth. This study aimed to determine whether there is a bilateral advantage for CI simulations with interaurally matched insertions and the extent to which performance is affected by interaural insertion depth mismatch. Speech perception in noise and self-reported ease of listening were measured using matched bilateral, mismatched bilateral and unilateral CI simulations over four insertion depths for seventeen normal hearing listeners. Speech scores and ease of listening reduced with increasing basalward shift in (interaurally matched) insertion depth. A bilateral advantage for speech perception was only observed when the insertion depths were interaurally matched and deep. No advantage was observed for small to moderate interaural insertion-depth mismatches, consistent with a better ear effect. Finally, both measures were poorer than expected for a better ear effect for large mismatches, suggesting that misalignment of the electrode arrays may prevent a bilateral advantage and detrimentally affect perception of diotically presented speech.
    背景与目标: : 对于人工耳蜗 (CI) 使用者,已经观察到双向呈现刺激的双边优势,并且建议这取决于对称的植入性能。使用CI模拟的研究并未显示出真正的 “双边” 优势,而是 “更好的耳朵” 效果,并且表明性能会随着插入深度的玄武向偏移而降低。这项研究旨在确定使用耳间匹配插入的CI模拟是否具有双边优势,以及耳间插入深度不匹配对性能的影响程度。使用匹配的双侧,不匹配的双侧和单侧CI模拟,对17名正常听力听众在四个插入深度上测量了噪声中的语音感知和自我报告的听力难易程度。随着 (耳间匹配) 插入深度的basalward偏移的增加,语音分数和听力的难易程度会降低。仅当插入深度在耳间匹配且较深时,才观察到语音感知的双边优势。对于小到中等的耳间插入深度不匹配,没有观察到优势,这与更好的耳朵效果一致。最后,这两种措施都比预期的要差,因为对于较大的不匹配,耳朵效果更好,这表明电极阵列的不对准可能会阻止双边优势,并不利地影响对语音呈现的感知。
  • 【部分缺牙患者的即刻非咬合与牙种植体的早期负荷: 一项多中心随机临床试验。种植体周围骨和软组织水平。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01530.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Galli F,Capelli M,Zuffetti F,Testori T,Esposito M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To compare peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels of immediately non-occlusally loaded vs. non-submerged early loaded implants in partially edentulous patients up to 14 months after placement. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Fifty-two patients were randomized in five Italian private practices: 25 in the immediately loaded group and 27 in the early loaded group. To be immediately loaded, single implants had to be inserted with a torque of > or = 30 N cm, and splinted implants with a torque of > or = 20 N cm. Immediately loaded implants were provided with non-occluding temporary restorations within 48 h. After 2 months, the provisional restorations were placed in full occlusion. Implants were early loaded after 2 months. Final restorations were provided 8 months after placement. Blinded assessors evaluated peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels. RESULTS:Fifty-two implants were immediately loaded and 52 were early loaded. No drop-out occurred. One single immediately loaded implant failed 2 months after placement. Both groups gradually lost peri-implant bone in a highly statistically significant manner at 2, 8, and 14 months. After 14 months, patients of both groups lost an average of 1.1 mm of peri-implant bone. There were no statistically significant differences between the two loading strategies for peri-implant bone and soft-tissue level changes (P > 0.05). After 14 months, the position of the soft tissues did not change significantly from baseline (delivery of the final restorations 8 months after placement). CONCLUSIONS:There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between immediate and early loading of dental implants with regard to peri-implant bone and soft-tissue levels as evaluated in the present study.
    背景与目标:
  • 【通过基质细胞衍生因子1α 和纤连蛋白的侧特异性涂层控制自体再细胞化并抑制脱细胞血管植入物的变性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1088/1748-605X/ab54e3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sugimura Y,Chekhoeva A,Oyama K,Nakanishi S,Toshmatova M,Miyahara S,Barth M,Assmann AK,Lichtenberg A,Assmann A,Akhyari P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Optimized biocompatibility is crucial for the durability of cardiovascular implants. Previously, a combined coating with fibronectin (FN) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) has been shown to accelerate the in vivo cellularization of synthetic vascular grafts and to reduce the calcification of biological pulmonary root grafts. In this study, we evaluate the effect of side-specific luminal SDF1α coating and adventitial FN coating on the in vivo cellularization and degeneration of decellularized rat aortic implants. Aortic arch vascular donor grafts were detergent-decellularized. The luminal graft surface was coated with SDF1α, while the adventitial surface was coated with FN. SDF1α-coated and uncoated grafts were infrarenally implanted (n = 20) in rats and followed up for up to eight weeks. Cellular intima population was accelerated by luminal SDF1α coating at two weeks (92.4 ± 2.95% versus 61.1 ± 6.51% in controls, p < 0.001). SDF1α coating inhibited neo-intimal hyperplasia, resulting in a significantly decreased intima-to-media ratio after eight weeks (0.62 ± 0.15 versus 1.35 ± 0.26 in controls, p < 0.05). Furthermore, at eight weeks, media calcification was significantly decreased in the SDF1α group as compared to the control group (area of calcification in proximal arch region 1092 ± 517 μm2 versus 11 814 ± 1883 μm2, p < 0.01). Luminal coating with SDF1α promotes early autologous intima recellularization in vivo and attenuates neo-intima hyperplasia as well as calcification of decellularized vascular grafts.
    背景与目标: : 优化的生物相容性对于心血管植入物的耐久性至关重要。以前,已显示具有纤连蛋白 (FN) 和基质细胞衍生因子1α (SDF1α) 的组合涂层可加速合成血管移植物的体内细胞化并减少生物肺根移植物的钙化。在这项研究中,我们评估了侧特异性腔SDF1α 涂层和外膜FN涂层对脱细胞大鼠主动脉植入物体内细胞化和变性的影响。主动脉弓血管供体移植物被去污剂脱细胞。腔移植物表面涂有SDF1α,而外膜表面涂有FN。将sdf1α 涂层和未涂层的移植物在大鼠体内植入 (n = 20),并进行长达八周的随访。在两周时,腔膜SDF1α 涂层加速了细胞内膜群 (对照组为92.4 ± 2.95%,对照组为61.1 ± 6.51%,p <0.001)。SDF1α 涂层抑制新内膜增生,导致8周后内膜与中膜比率显着降低 (对照组为0.62 ± 0.15,对照组为1.35 ± 0.26,p <0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,在8周时,SDF1α 组的介质钙化显着降低 (近端弓区域的钙化面积1092 ± 517 μm2与11 814 ± 1883 μm2相比,p <0.01)。带有SDF1α 的腔涂层可促进体内早期自体内膜再细胞化,并减轻新内膜增生以及脱细胞血管移植物的钙化。
  • 【自愿协会中喀麦隆妇女使用避孕药具的社交网络协会。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00385-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Valente TW,Watkins SC,Jato MN,van der Straten A,Tsitsol LP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper examines the association between social networks and contraceptive use. Using data from a survey of women belonging to voluntary associations in Yaoundé, Cameroon, we find that the behavior and characteristics of the members of a respondent's personal networks are associated with her contraceptive use, over and above a set of her own individual characteristics that are usually found to be important. Respondents who report that their network partners approve of contraception, use it, and encourage the respondent to use are more likely to use contraception themselves; the association with encouragement is particularly strong. Moreover, there is a strong association between the specific methods of contraception used by a respondent and those used by her network partners, suggesting that members of personal networks exchange and evaluate specific methods. Because most of the respondent's network partners were interviewed, we are able to compare the respondent's perceptions of contraceptive use by her network partners with the network partner's actual use. We find that it is perceptions of use that matter, even if those perception are incorrect.
    背景与目标: : 本文研究了社交网络与避孕药具使用之间的关联。使用来自喀麦隆雅温得自愿协会的妇女的调查数据,我们发现受访者个人网络成员的行为和特征与她的避孕药具使用有关,超出了她自己的一系列个人特征,通常被发现很重要。报告自己的网络伴侣赞成避孕,使用避孕并鼓励受访者使用避孕的受访者更有可能自己使用避孕措施; 与鼓励的联系特别强烈。此外,受访者使用的特定避孕方法与她的网络合作伙伴使用的避孕方法之间存在很强的联系,这表明个人网络成员交换和评估特定方法。由于大多数受访者的网络合作伙伴都接受了采访,因此我们能够将受访者对其网络合作伙伴使用避孕药具的看法与网络合作伙伴的实际使用情况进行比较。我们发现,重要的是对使用的感知,即使这些感知是不正确的。
  • 【铜/低密度聚乙烯纳米复合宫内节育器和铜T220C宫内节育器避孕效果和临床性能的比较研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.05.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yu J,Li J,Li HG,Li JX,Xie CS,Zhu CH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The study was conducted to compare the antifertility effectiveness and side effects of the copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite IUD (experimental group) and the copper T220C IUD (control group). STUDY DESIGN:One hundred females were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group, n = 50 in each group). Clinical observation and comparative study were performed on the two groups for 12 months. RESULTS:Follow-up rate was 100% at the 12th month. In the experimental group and control group, the cumulative continuation rates were both 92.0 per 100 women at the 12th month and there was no difference between them (p > .05). The pregnancy rate, removal rate and expulsion rate were low with the difference being not statistically significant (p>.05). The most common side effects were excessive menstrual bleeding, spotting and pain. The rates of side effects were lower in the experimental group than in control group, especially during the initial 3 months after insertion with the differences being statistically significant (p < .05). CONCLUSION:The new design of the copper/low-density polyethylene nanocomposite IUD showed low pregnancy rate, high contraceptive efficacy and satisfactory acceptability. The study suggested that the TCu220C IUD also had high contraceptive efficacy, but had relatively more side effects.
    背景与目标:
  • 【孕激素受体调节剂的避孕应用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/13625180802267060 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chabbert-Buffet N,Ouzounian S,Kairis AP,Bouchard P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Currently developed progesterone receptor modulators (PRMs) are steroid-derived compounds with mild or potent antiprogestin activity. PRMs may exert a contraceptive activity by different mechanisms such as blockade of ovulation and endometrial desynchronization. Their potential clinical applications are manifold and are very promising in major public health areas, including emergency contraception, long term oestrogen-free contraception (administered alone, or in association with a progestin-only pill to improve bleeding patterns), endometriosis and myoma treatment. The mechanisms of their anti-ovulatory effects and of the endometrial modifications elicited during long term PRM treatment are still not fully elucidated. In future clinical applications, PRMs will be administered orally, via intrauterine systems or vaginal rings.
    背景与目标: : 目前开发的孕激素受体调节剂 (prm) 是具有温和或有效抗孕激素活性的类固醇衍生化合物。PRMs可能通过不同的机制 (例如排卵阻断和子宫内膜失步) 发挥避孕活性。它们的潜在临床应用是多方面的,并且在主要公共卫生领域非常有前途,包括紧急避孕,长期无雌激素避孕 (单独使用或与仅孕激素药联合使用以改善出血模式),子宫内膜异位症和肌瘤治疗。在长期PRM治疗期间,其抗排卵作用和子宫内膜修饰的机制仍未完全阐明。在未来的临床应用中,PRMs将通过宫内系统或阴道环口服。
  • 【英国和美国的青少年性活动,避孕药具的使用和怀孕: 十年比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.310 复制DOI
    作者列表:Scott RH,Wellings K,Lindberg L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Pregnancy rates among adolescents have declined in the U.S. and Britain but remain high compared with other high-income countries. This comparison describes trends in pregnancy rates, recent sexual activity, and contraceptive use among women aged 16-19 years in the U.S. and Britain to consider the contribution of these two behavioral factors to the decline in pregnancy rates in the two countries and the differences between them. METHODS:We use data from two rounds of the U.S. National Survey of Family Growth, conducted 2002-2003 and 2011-2015, and the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, conducted 2000-2001 and 2010-2012, to describe population-level differences between countries and over time in sexual activity and contraceptive use. We calculate pregnancy rates using national births and abortions data. RESULTS:Pregnancy rates declined in both countries; this began earlier in the U.S. and was steeper. There was no change in sexual activity in Britain, but in the U.S., the proportion reporting recent sex declined. In both countries, there was a shift toward more effective contraception. A higher proportion in Britain than the U.S. reported ever having had sex (65% vs. 49%) and sex in the last year (64% vs. 45%), 6 months (59% vs. 39%), and 4 weeks (48% vs. 29%). A higher proportion in Britain reported using more effective contraception (68% vs. 52%). CONCLUSIONS:In both countries, improvements in contraceptive use have contributed substantially to declines in pregnancy rates; however, the steeper decline in the U.S. likely also reflects declines in recent sex occurring only in that country.
    背景与目标:

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录