• 【小学生对屋尘螨的IgE和IgG抗体水平的分布及其与哮喘的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/02770909709068194 复制DOI
    作者列表:Shibasaki M,Noguchi E,Takeda K,Takita H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although asthmatic patients are known to have increased levels of IgG antibody against house dust mite (HDM), it is not clear whether or not the presence of HDM-specific IgG antibody is associated with the etiological mechanism of asthma. To address this problem, we evaluated the relationship between HDM-specific IgG antibody levels and incidence of asthma in a general pediatric population. IgE and IgG antibody levels against Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) were examined by RAST and ELISA in a total of 722 randomly selected schoolchildren including 26 subjects with asthma, and the relative prevalence rates of asthma in this population were evaluated in relation to both Df-specific IgE and IgG levels. The incidence of asthma correlated not only with levels of Df-specific IgE, but also with those of Df-specific IgG. There was a significant correlation between Df-specific IgE and IgG levels both in the total population and in the asthmatic children. Because IgG and IgE responses occurred in parallel in this population, the clinical significance of HDM-specific IgG anti-body remains unclear. However, our findings have suggested that clinical expression of asthma in children is primarily dependent on their capacity to mount a immune response to HDM, which includes both IgE and IgG responses.

    背景与目标: 尽管已知哮喘患者针对屋尘螨 (HDM) 的IgG抗体水平升高,但尚不清楚HDM特异性IgG抗体的存在是否与哮喘的病因机制有关。为了解决这个问题,我们评估了普通儿童人群中HDM特异性IgG抗体水平与哮喘发生率之间的关系。通过RAST和ELISA检测了总共722名随机选择的学童 (包括26名哮喘受试者) 的针对粉尘螨 (Df) 的IgE和IgG抗体水平,并评估了该人群中哮喘的相对患病率与Df特异性IgE和IgG水平。哮喘的发病率不仅与Df特异性IgE的水平相关,而且与Df特异性IgG的水平相关。在总人口和哮喘儿童中,Df特异性IgE和IgG水平之间存在显着相关性。由于IgG和IgE反应在该人群中并行发生,因此HDM特异性IgG抗体的临床意义尚不清楚。但是,我们的发现表明,儿童哮喘的临床表达主要取决于他们对HDM产生免疫反应的能力,其中包括IgE和IgG反应。
  • 【腰椎骨密度分布的纵向变化可能会增加楔形骨折的风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2012.10.005 复制DOI
    作者列表:Giambini H,Khosla S,Nassr A,Zhao C,An KN
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Trabecular bone strength diminishes as a result of osteoporosis and altered biomechanical loading at the vertebral and spinal levels. The spine consists of the anterior, middle and posterior columns and the load supported by the anterior and middle columns will differ across different regions of the spine. Stress shielding of the anterior column can contribute to bone loss and increase the risk of wedge fracture. There is a lack of quantitative data related to regional spinal bone mineral density distribution over time. We hypothesize that there is an increase in the posterior-to-anterior vertebral body bone mineral density ratio and a decrease in whole-body bone mineral density over time. METHODS:Bone mineral density was measured in 33 subjects using quantitative computed tomography scans for L1-L3 vertebrae, region (anterior and posterior vertebral body), and time (baseline and 6 years after). FINDINGS:Lumbar bone mineral density decreased significantly (Δ: ~15%) from baseline to the 6th year visit. Individual vertebra differences over time (L1: ~14%, L2: ~14%, L3: ~17%) showed statistical significance. Anterior bone mineral density change was significantly greater than in the posterior vertebral body region (Δ anterior: ~18%; Δ posterior: ~13%). Posterior-to-anterior bone mineral density ratio was significantly greater in the 6th year compared to baseline values (mean (SD), 1.33 (0.2) vs. 1.23 (0.1)). INTERPRETATION:This study provides longitudinal quantitative measurement of bone mineral density in vertebrae as well as regional changes in the anterior and posterior regions. Understanding bone mineral density distribution over time may help to decrease the risk of wedge fractures if interventions can be developed to bring spine loading to its normal state.
    背景与目标:
  • 【在计划生育环境中容易插入宫内避孕器。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/ajo.12007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Harvey C,Bateson D,Wattimena J,Black KI
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Intrauterine devices (IUDs) provide highly effective contraception for women worldwide. Reluctance to insert IUDs in the primary care setting may relate to concern about potential difficulty and complications, particularly in nulliparous women. AIMS:To determine the practitioner, patient and procedural factors associated with abandoned IUD insertion, practitioner-reported difficulty of insertion and adverse events during IUD insertions in the family planning setting. METHODS:This was a prospective study over a 12-month period of consecutive IUD insertions in four family planning clinics across New South Wales and Queensland. Patient, practitioner and device-related factors associated with abandoned IUD insertion, practitioner-reported ease of insertion and immediate insertion-related adverse events were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS:Of 996 insertion procedures, successful insertion occurred in 95%, and 90% were reported as easy by the inserting doctor, including 80% of those in nulliparous women. Patient characteristics associated with an abandoned insertion were nulliparity (AOR 5.19; 2.49-10.82) or caesarean section-only deliveries (AOR 5.38; 2.58-11.22) and with practitioner-reported difficult insertion, nulliparity alone (AOR 1.98; 1.11-3.54). Practitioners inserting fewer than 100 IUDs over the 12-month study period more frequently rated insertions as difficult (AOR 1.76; 1.08-2.88). Complications occurred in 34 women and were more likely in nulliparous women (AOR 4.51; 2.16-9.39). CONCLUSIONS:Most IUDs can be successfully inserted, even in nulliparous women, in a primary care setting. Referral to a specialist may be appropriate for some women who are nulliparous or had caesarean section-only deliveries, depending on the experience of the practitioner.
    背景与目标:
  • 【多巴和5-s-半胱氨酸多巴在色素细胞中的细胞内分布,色素形成最小。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Agrup G,Hansson C,Rorsman H,Rosengren AM,Rosengren E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The hypothesis that only melanosomal catecholic amino acids contribute to melanin formation was tested by studying adult bovine eyes in which pigment synthesis is considered to be low or absent. Dopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa were investigated in different cell fractions of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium of cattle. Most of the dopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa was found in the cytoplasm and very little in the large granule fraction. The presence of cysteinyldopa in the adult eye is evidence of tyrosinase activity, but the catechol amino acids in the cytoplasm probably do not give rise to melanin formation. It is assumed that they instead are excreted from the cells.

    背景与目标: 通过研究认为色素合成低或缺乏的成年牛眼,检验了只有黑色素体儿茶酸氨基酸有助于黑色素形成的假说。在牛的脉络膜和视网膜色素上皮的不同细胞部分中研究了多巴和5-s-半胱酰基多巴。大多数多巴和5-s-半胱胺基多巴在细胞质中发现,而在大颗粒部分中很少发现。成年眼睛中半胱氨酰多巴的存在是酪氨酸酶活性的证据,但是细胞质中的邻苯二酚氨基酸可能不会引起黑色素的形成。假设它们是从细胞中排泄出来的。
  • 【纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1 (PAI-1) 基因4G/5g等位基因在黎巴嫩人群中的频率分布。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11033-007-9106-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Shammaa DM,Sabbagh AS,Taher AT,Zaatari GS,Mahfouz RA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Increased plasma PAI-1 levels play an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular risk and other diseases associated with thrombosis. The 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 promoter region has been extensively studied in different populations. We studied 160 healthy unrelated Lebanese individuals using a reverse hybridization PCR assay to detect the 5G/5G, 4G/5G and, 4G/4G genotypes of the PAI-1 gene and the frequencies of the 4G and 5G alleles. We found that 4G/5G genotype was the most prevalent (45.6%) followed by 5G/5G (36.9%) and 4G/4G (17.5%). The frequencies of the 4G and 5G alleles were calculated to be 0.403 and 0.597, respectively. Compared to other ethnic communities, the Lebanese population was found to harbour a relatively high prevalence of the rare 4G allele. This, in turn, may predispose this population to develop cardiovascular diseases and other thrombotic clinical conditions. This study aids to enhance our understanding of the genetic features of the Lebanese population.
    背景与目标: : 纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1 (PAI-1) 是纤维蛋白溶解的抑制剂。血浆PAI-1水平的升高在心血管风险和与血栓形成相关的其他疾病的发病机理中起着至关重要的作用。PAI-1启动子区域的4G/5g多态性已在不同人群中进行了广泛研究。我们使用反向杂交PCR测定法研究了160个健康的无关黎巴嫩个体,以检测PAI-1基因的5G/5G,4G/5g和4G/4g基因型以及4g和5g等位基因的频率。我们发现4G/5g基因型最普遍 (45.6%),其次是5G/5G (36.9%) 和4G/4G (17.5%)。4g和5g等位基因的频率分别计算为0.403和0.597。与其他种族社区相比,发现黎巴嫩人口的稀有4g等位基因患病率相对较高。反过来,这可能使该人群易患心血管疾病和其他血栓性临床疾病。这项研究有助于增进我们对黎巴嫩人口遗传特征的了解。
  • 【胎儿多囊肾疾病中 α-整合素亚基的分布。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s004670050275 复制DOI
    作者列表:Daïkha-Dahmane F,Narcy F,Dommergues M,Lacoste M,Beziau A,Gubler MC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :An alteration in cell/matrix interactions is one of the suggested mechanisms leading to cyst formation in polycystic kidney diseases. Most of these interactions are mediated by beta 1-integrins, a subfamily of integrin receptors, formed by the association of the beta 1-chain with different alpha-subunits. To date, no study on alpha-integrin subunit distribution during the early stages of cyst development has been reported. Using immunofluorescence, we analyzed the distribution of alpha-integrin subunits (alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 5, and alpha 6) and basement membrane proteins in kidneys of fetuses with autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The distribution was compared with that observed in normal fetal and post-natal kidneys, and in fetal cystic dysplasia and Meckel syndrome. Marked increase in alpha 1-integrin staining was observed in normal and cystic collecting duct cells of both polycystic diseases (PKD), compared with normal and cystic controls. The distribution of integrin subunits alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 6 was irregular in cyst epithelial cells of PKD and cystic controls. The increased expression of the alpha 1-subunit specifically observed in PKD collecting duct cells may be an early consequence of the genetic defect in ARPKD. In ADPKD it parallels the reported expression of polycystin, the protein product of PKD1. The irregular expression of alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 6 integrin subunits observed in all types of cysts suggests that cell/matrix interactions are altered early and may participate in the development of cysts, perhaps by contributing to the deregulation of cell survival in cystic diseases.
    背景与目标: : 细胞/基质相互作用的改变是导致多囊肾疾病中囊肿形成的建议机制之一。这些相互作用中的大多数是由 β1-整合素 (一种整合素受体的亚家族) 介导的,由 β1-链与不同的 α-亚基结合形成。迄今为止,尚无关于囊肿发育早期阶段的 α-整联蛋白亚基分布的研究。使用免疫荧光,我们分析了常染色体显性遗传 (ADPKD) 或常染色体隐性多囊肾 (ARPKD) 胎儿肾脏中 α-整合素亚基 (α1,α2,α3,α5和 α6) 和基底膜蛋白的分布。将分布与正常胎儿和产后肾脏以及胎儿囊性发育不良和梅克尔综合征的分布进行了比较。与正常和囊性对照相比,在两种多囊性疾病 (PKD) 的正常和囊性集合管细胞中观察到 α1-整合素染色显着增加。在PKD和囊性对照的囊肿上皮细胞中,整合素亚基 α2,α3和 α6的分布不规则。在PKD收集导管细胞中特异性观察到的 α1亚基表达增加可能是ARPKD遗传缺陷的早期结果。在ADPKD中,它与pkd1的蛋白质产物多囊蛋白的报道表达相似。在所有类型的囊肿中观察到的 α2,α3和 α6整联蛋白亚基的不规则表达表明,细胞/基质相互作用在早期发生改变,并可能参与囊肿的发展,这可能是通过改变囊性疾病中细胞存活的失调。
  • 【营养不良性淀粉样变性: 组织损伤的局部并发症,分布不均。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00008.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Looi LM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Seventeen consecutive patients with dystrophic amyloidosis are reported here (eight Chinese, three Indian, three Iban, two Malay and one Caucasian). Ten were females and seven males, with ages ranging from 12 to 80 years (mean of 48 years). Five instances of dystrophic amyloidosis occurred in areas of tissue damage in the cardiovascular system, including fibrotic cardiac valves and an atheromatous plaque. Three occurred in osteoarthritic joint tissue. Of note were three occurrences in endometriotic cyst walls, four in the fibrotic walls of epidermal cysts, one in a hernial sac and one at the edge of a skin ulcer. All deposits were congophilic and exhibited green-birefringence and permanganate-resistance. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal reactivity for AA protein or immunoglobulin lambda or kappa light-chains. AP protein was detected in 35% of cases. Our results show that, besides the usual sites of osteoarthritic joints and damaged heart valves, dystrophic amyloidosis can complicate other areas of chronic tissue damage and fibrosis such as walls of cysts and ulcers. While the pathogenesis and biochemical nature remain unresolved, immunohistochemistry indicates that neither AA nor AL proteins are present in the deposits, and suggests that a different amyloid protein is involved.
    背景与目标: : 这里连续报道了17例营养不良性淀粉样变性患者 (八名中国人,三名印度人,三名伊班族,两名马来人和一名高加索人)。10名女性和7名男性,年龄在12至80岁之间 (平均48岁)。5例营养不良性淀粉样变性发生在心血管系统组织损伤区域,包括纤维化心脏瓣膜和动脉粥样斑块。3例发生在骨关节炎关节组织。值得注意的是,在子宫内膜异位囊肿壁中发生了3次,在表皮囊肿的纤维化壁中发生了4次,在疝囊中发生了1次,在皮肤溃疡的边缘发生了1次。所有沉积物都是亲血的,并表现出绿色双折射性和高锰酸盐抗性。免疫组织化学未显示对AA蛋白或免疫球蛋白 λ 或 κ 轻链的反应性。在35% 病例中检测到AP蛋白。我们的结果表明,除了通常的骨关节炎关节和受损的心脏瓣膜部位外,营养不良性淀粉样变性还会使慢性组织损伤和纤维化的其他区域复杂化,例如囊肿和溃疡壁。尽管发病机理和生化性质仍未解决,但免疫组织化学表明沉积物中不存在AA和AL蛋白,并表明涉及不同的淀粉样蛋白。
  • 【在11个国家/地区咨询后,影响妇女选择联合激素避孕方法的因素: CHOICE研究的子分析结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/13625187.2013.819077 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bitzer J,Cupanik V,Fait T,Gemzell-Danielsson K,Grob P,Oddens BJ,Pawelczyk L,Unzeitig V
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To investigate which characteristics of women and healthcare professionals (HCPs) were associated with changing to another combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) method after contraceptive counselling. METHODS:CHOICE was a cross-sectional survey in which 18,787 women were counselled about combined hormonal contraceptives, during which their contraceptive methods preferred both prior to and after counselling were recorded. In this subanalysis, characteristics associated with changing the method after counselling were determined using logistic regression models. RESULTS:The probability of intending to change from the pill to another method was associated with being older; university-educated; being in a steady relationship; a prior unintended pregnancy; a younger HCP or one who recommended methods other than the pill. Changing to the patch was associated with a female HCP or a HCP who recommended the patch or an injectable. Changing to the ring was associated with being over 21 years; university-educated; being in a relationship; previous hormonal method use; and counselling by a female HCP, a HCP < 60 years old, or a HCP who recommended the ring or an implant. The country of residence influenced these changes in a complex pattern. CONCLUSIONS:Women's choice of CHC methods after contraceptive counselling are influenced by their age, educational background, relationship status, prior unplanned pregnancies and country of residence, as well as age, gender and preferences of their HCP.
    背景与目标:
  • 【用于检测声流中平位分布变化的电平优势。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1121/1.4813591 复制DOI
    作者列表:Richards VM,Shen Y,Chubb C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Sound streams were generated by randomly choosing the levels of tone pips from two different distributions, A and B. Of the 18 tone pips, the first nine were drawn from distribution A and the second nine from distribution B, or the opposite. The listeners' task was to indicate order, A-B or B-A. In two conditions the A and B distributions differed in mean (condition 1) or variance (condition 2). In contrast to an ideal observer, listeners' strategies were consistent across the two conditions. Analyses suggest that listeners relied primarily on the more intense tone pips in making their decisions.
    背景与目标: : 声音流是通过从两个不同的分布A和B中随机选择音调点的级别来生成的。在18个音调中,前9个来自分布A,后9个来自分布B,或相反。听众的任务是指示顺序,A-B或B-A。在两种情况下,A和B分布的均值 (条件1) 或方差 (条件2) 不同。与理想的观察者相比,听众的策略在两种情况下都是一致的。分析表明,听众在做出决定时主要依靠更强烈的音调。
  • 【斯洛伐克前多金属矿开采和冶炼区的环境和健康风险评估: 四个不同生态系统中汞的空间分布和积累。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.020 复制DOI
    作者列表:Árvay J,Demková L,Hauptvogl M,Michalko M,Bajčan D,Stanovič R,Tomáš J,Hrstková M,Trebichalský P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Former long-term mining and smelting of pollymetallic ores in the Middle Spiš area caused a serious contamination problem of the environment with heavy metals and metalloids, especially mercury (Hg). Several studies have reported concentration of Hg in the area but this paper provides first detailed characterization of Hg contamination of different environmental components in agricultural, forest, grassland and urban ecosystems. The ecosystems are in different distances from emission sources - former mercury and copper smelting plants in NE Slovakia. Total Hg content was studied in soil/substrate samples (n = 234) and characteristic biological samples (Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer, Boletus edulis Bull., Cyanoboletus pulverulentus (Opat.) Gelardi, Vizzini & Simonini, Triticum aestivum (L.), Poa pratensis (L.)) (n = 234) collected in the above-mentioned ecosystems. The level of contamination and environmental risks were assessed by contamination factor (Cf), index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) and potential environmental risk index (PER). To determine the level of transition of Hg from abiotic to biotic environment, bioconcentration factor (BCF) was used. To determine a health risk resulting from regular and long-term consumption of the locally available species, the results of the Hg content were compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for Hg defined by World Health Organization. The results suggest that almost 63% of the area belong to the very high risk category and 80% of the sampling sites shown very high contamination factor. Geoaccumulation index showed that almost 30% of the area is very strongly contaminated and only 8% is not contaminated with Hg. Spearman's correlation relationship confirmed that the values of PER, BCF, Cf and Igeo decreased with an increasing distance from the pollution source. The percentage of contribution to PTWI ranged between 5.76-69.0% for adults and 11.5-138% for children. Mushroom M. procera showed the highest %PTWI among the tested biological samples. Studied ecotoxicological parameters showed high level of health risk for population living in the area. Consumption of the crops grown in the area and mainly edible wild mushrooms might negatively affect the health of the consumers in the long-term.
    背景与目标: : 以前在spi š 中部地区长期开采和冶炼的金属矿石,导致重金属和类金属,尤其是汞 (Hg) 严重污染环境。几项研究报告了该地区的汞浓度,但本文首次详细描述了农业,森林,草原和城市生态系统中不同环境成分的汞污染。生态系统与排放源的距离不同-斯洛伐克东北部以前的汞和铜冶炼厂。研究了土壤/基质样品 (n = 234) 和特征生物样品 (蹄盖蕨-femina (L.) Roth,Macrolepiota procera (Scop。) Singer,牛肝菌,红牛肝菌 (Opat。) Gelardi,Vizzini & Simonini,在上述生态系统中收集的普通小麦 (L.),早熟禾 (L.) (n = 234)。通过污染因子 (Cf),地积指数 (Igeo) 和潜在环境风险指数 (PER) 评估污染水平和环境风险。为了确定汞从非生物环境向生物环境的转变水平,使用了生物浓缩因子 (BCF)。为了确定由于定期和长期食用当地可用物种而导致的健康风险,将汞含量的结果与世界卫生组织定义的汞的临时每周可容忍摄入量 (PTWI) 进行了比较。结果表明,几乎63% 的区域属于非常高的风险类别,并且80% 采样点显示出非常高的污染因子。地质累积指数表明,该地区几乎30% 受到强烈污染,只有8% 没有受到汞污染。Spearman的相关关系证实,PER,BCF,Cf和Igeo的值随着距污染源距离的增加而降低。对PTWI的贡献百分比介于成人的5.76-69.0% 和儿童的11.5-138% 之间。蘑菇M. procera在测试的生物样品中显示出最高的 % PTWI。研究的生态毒理学参数表明,该地区居民的健康风险很高。从长远来看,该地区种植的农作物 (主要是食用野生蘑菇) 的消费可能会对消费者的健康产生负面影响。
  • 【足底压力分布与鞋垫舒适度的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0268-0033(94)90062-0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Che H,Nigg BM,de Koning J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this paper, four pairs of insoles with different comfort characteristics were used to investigate the relationship between the pressure distribution under the foot and running shoe comfort. Fourteen male subjects were tested in four insole conditions by walking and running on a treadmill. The pressure at the plantar surface of the foot was measured by using an EMED pressure-measuring insole. For walking there were significantly higher pressures and forces in the midfoot area and significantly lower pressures in the medial forefoot and hallux area by wearing the most comfortable insole compared with wearing the least comfortable insole. The shift of the pressure from forefoot to midfoot for the most comfortable insole provided an even distribution of the pressure at the plantar surface of the foot. The results also demonstrated that the path of centre of force at the plantar surface of the foot moved to the lateral aspect of the foot for the most comfortable insole. For running, only the pressure in the medial forefoot area was found significantly lower for the most comfortable insole than for the least comfortable insole. The results of this study indicated that the pressure distribution between the plantar surface of the foot and the shoe could detect the change of shoe comfort. Thus it is a suggestion that pressure measurement may be related to understand factors important for shoe comfort. Comfort of sport shoes is important for the appropriate execution of sport activities. Additionally, comfort may influence fatigue and possibly the development of injuries. The quantification of comfort of sport shoes and the understanding of mechanical and/or biological functions related to it may be enhanced with the use of pressure measurements between the plantar surface of the foot and the shoe sole.
    背景与目标: : 本文采用四对舒适特性不同的鞋垫,研究了脚底压力分布与跑鞋舒适度之间的关系。通过在跑步机上行走和跑步,在四种鞋垫条件下对十四名男性受试者进行了测试。使用EMED测压鞋垫测量脚的足底表面的压力。步行时,与穿着最不舒适的鞋垫相比,穿着最舒适的鞋垫,中足区域的压力和力量明显更高,而前足内侧和拇趾区域的压力明显更低。对于最舒适的鞋垫,压力从前脚向中脚的转移提供了脚的足底表面压力的均匀分布。结果还表明,对于最舒适的鞋垫,脚的足底表面的力中心路径移至脚的侧面。对于跑步,最舒适的鞋垫仅发现前脚内侧区域的压力明显低于最不舒适的鞋垫。这项研究的结果表明,足底和鞋子之间的压力分布可以检测到鞋子舒适度的变化。因此,建议压力测量可能与了解对鞋舒适性重要的因素有关。运动鞋的舒适性对于适当执行体育活动很重要。此外,舒适性可能会影响乏力,并可能影响伤害的发展。可以通过使用脚的足底表面和鞋底之间的压力测量来增强对运动鞋的舒适性的量化以及对与其相关的机械和/或生物学功能的理解。
  • 12 Tizanidine distribution in a postmortem case. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【死后情况下的替扎尼定分布。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/jat/30.5.331 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sklerov JH,Cox DE,Moore KA,Levine B,Fowler D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The case of a 57-year-old white female who was found deceased at home by her husband is presented. A suicide note was found at the scene. No remarkable findings were observed at autopsy. Comprehensive toxicological analysis of the heart blood identified ethanol (0.16 g/dL), diazepam (1.1 mg/L), and tizanidine (2.3 mg/L). Blood concentrations of tizanidine following therapeutic use do not exceed 0.025 mg/L. The medical examiner ruled that the cause of death was combined ethanol and multiple drug intoxication, and the manner of death was suicide.
    背景与目标: : 介绍了一名57岁的白人女性的案件,她的丈夫发现她在家中死亡。现场发现自杀。尸检中未观察到明显发现。对心脏血液进行综合毒理学分析,确定乙醇 (0.16g/dL),地西epa (1.1 mg/L) 和替扎尼定 (2.3 mg/L)。治疗后替扎尼定的血液浓度不超过0.025 mg/L。体检医师裁定死因是合并乙醇和多种药物中毒,死亡方式为自杀。
  • 【在阿曼感染番茄和辣椒的辣椒卷叶病毒和相关的betasatellite的独特菌株的遗传多样性和分布。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2013.07.018 复制DOI
    作者列表:Khan AJ,Akhtar S,Al-Zaidi AM,Singh AK,Briddon RW
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Tomato and pepper are widely grown in Oman for local consumption. A countrywide survey was conducted during 2010-2011 to collect samples and assess the diversity of begomoviruses associated with leaf curl disease of tomato and pepper. A virus previously only identified on the Indian subcontinent, chili leaf curl virus (ChLCV), was found associated with tomato and pepper diseases in all vegetable grown areas of Oman. Some of the infected plant samples were also found to contain a betasatellite. A total of 19 potentially full-length begomovirus and eight betasatellite clones were sequenced. The begomovirus clones showed >96% nucleotide sequence identity, showing them to represent a single species. Comparisons to sequences available in the databases showed the highest levels of nucleotide sequence identity (88.0-91.1%) to isolates of the "Pakistan" strain of ChLCV (ChLCV-PK), indicating the virus from Oman to be a distinct strain, for which the name Oman strain (ChLCV-OM) is proposed. An analysis for recombination showed ChLCV-OM likely to have originated by recombination between ChLCV-PK (the major parent), pepper leaf curl Lahore virus and a third strain of ChLCV. The betasatellite sequences obtained were shown to have high levels of identity to isolates of tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB) previous shown to be present in Oman. For the disease in tomato Koch's postulates were satisfied by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of virus and betasatellites clones. This showed the symptoms induced by the virus in the presence of the betasatellite to be enhanced, although viral DNA levels were not affected. ChLCV-OM is the fourth begomovirus identified in tomato in Oman and the first in Capsicum. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    背景与目标: : 番茄和胡椒在阿曼广泛种植,供当地食用。在2010-2011年期间进行了一项全国范围的调查,以收集样本并评估与番茄和辣椒的卷叶病相关的beg病毒的多样性。以前仅在印度次大陆上发现的一种病毒,即辣椒卷叶病毒 (ChLCV),在阿曼所有蔬菜种植地区都发现与番茄和辣椒疾病有关。还发现一些受感染的植物样品中含有betasatellite。共测序了19个潜在的全长begomovirus和8个betasatellite克隆。begomovirus克隆显示> 96% 核苷酸序列同一性,显示它们代表单个物种。与数据库中可用序列的比较显示,与 “巴基斯坦” ChLCV株 (chlcv-pk) 分离株的核苷酸序列同一性最高 (88.0-91.1%),表明来自阿曼的病毒是独特的毒株,为此,提出了阿曼菌株 (chlcv-om) 的名称。重组分析表明,ChLCV-OM可能是由ChLCV-PK (主要亲本),胡椒叶卷曲拉合尔病毒和第三株ChLCV之间的重组引起的。所获得的betasatellite序列与先前在阿曼中存在的番茄叶片卷曲betasatellite (ToLCB) 分离株具有高水平的同一性。对于番茄科赫氏病的疾病,通过农杆菌介导的病毒和betasatellite克隆的接种来满足。这表明,尽管病毒DNA水平没有受到影响,但在存在betasatellite的情况下,由病毒引起的症状有所增强。Chlcv-om是阿曼番茄中发现的第四种beg病毒,也是辣椒中的第一种。讨论了这些发现的意义。
  • 【不同表面几何形状的椎间间隔物中应力分布的有限元建模。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/aor.12107 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lee JH,Baek MH,Kim YE,Seo JH,Song DR,Ryu HS,Lee CK,Chang BS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Intervertebral disc spacers using bioactive ceramics have been used to treat degenerative spinal disease. Tooth-shaped spacers are commonly used to prevent migration, but there is a possibility of fracture when inserted or after insertion. Intervertebral disc spacers with either an isosceles triangle-shaped tooth (T1) or a right triangle-shaped tooth (T2) were used as a control group. The design factors for the experimental group were modified to prevent fractures induced by stress concentration, and the surfaces of the spacers were designed as either an isosceles triangle-shaped valley (V1) or a right triangle-shaped valley (V2). Linear analysis using finite element model (FEM) was performed, and Von Mises stress distribution was calculated by applying 1000 N of uniformly distributed load. Samples of the V2 design were made with bioactive glass-ceramics (BGS-7) and evaluated for compressive strength, fatigue degree, and impact strength. Von Mises stress was highest at the first tooth from the posterior side for the control group and at the center for the experimental group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed 18.4% and 82.5% reduction (V1 vs. T1 and V2 vs. T2, respectively) in the maximum stress at the bottom of the valleys. The FEM analysis revealed that the V2 design had the most even load distribution. The V2 samples with bioactive glass-ceramics were evaluated for compressive strength, and all six samples were not fractured up to 24 000 N. However, the average impact strength was 19.42 kN, suggesting that momentary force caused damage at a lower load than compression with a steady speed. The BGS-7 intervertebral disc spacer with V2 design was not fractured during the fatigue test at maximum pressure of 8000 N, R ≥10, 5 Hz, and 5 million cycles. These data confirm that the BGS-7 spacer with the V2 design may be clinically applicable. Collectively, the modified surface geometry of the experimental group significantly lowered Von Mises stress values at the bottom of the valleys, and thus the possibility of fracture by compressive load was greatly reduced. Also, impact during insertion was confirmed to cause fracture more easily, as the impact strength was lower than the compressive strength in the experimental group.
    背景与目标: : 使用生物活性陶瓷的椎间盘垫片已用于治疗退行性脊柱疾病。通常使用齿形垫片来防止迁移,但是插入时或插入后有断裂的可能性。将具有等腰三角形牙齿 (T1) 或直角三角形牙齿 (T2) 的椎间盘间隔物用作对照组。修改了实验组的设计因素,以防止应力集中引起的裂缝,并将垫片的表面设计为等腰三角形谷 (V1) 或直角三角形谷 (V2)。使用有限元模型 (FEM) 进行线性分析,并通过1000 N均匀分布的载荷计算Von Mises应力分布。用生物活性玻璃陶瓷 (BGS-7) 制成V2设计的样品,并评估其抗压强度,乏力程度和冲击强度。对照组从后侧开始的第一颗牙齿和实验组的中心位置的Von Mises应力最高。与对照组相比,实验组在谷底的最大应力显示出18.4% 和82.5% 的降低 (分别为V1对T1和V2对T2)。有限元分析表明,V2设计的载荷分布最均匀。评估了具有生物活性微晶玻璃的V2样品的抗压强度,并且所有六个样品的断裂都不超过24 000 N。但是,平均冲击强度为19.42 kN,这表明瞬时力在比稳定速度的压缩低的载荷下引起损坏。在最大压力为8000 N,R ≥ 10、5Hz和500万个循环的疲劳试验中,采用V2设计的BGS-7椎间盘垫片没有断裂。这些数据证实具有V2设计的BGS-7间隔物可以在临床上适用。总的来说,实验组的修改后的表面几何形状显着降低了谷底部的Von Mises应力值,因此大大降低了压缩载荷导致断裂的可能性。此外,由于插入过程中的冲击强度低于实验组的抗压强度,因此确认插入过程中的冲击更容易导致断裂。
  • 【口服虎杖提取物 (PCE) 后大鼠白藜芦醇的组织分布和排泄。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang D,Xu Y,Liu W
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Polygonum cuspidatum extract as a traditional Chinese medicine is extracted from the dried rhizome and root of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc. Resveratrol is one of its active components. Studies were performed in rats to define the tissue distribution and excretion of resveratrol in urine and bile, and to characterize (if possible) any metabolites of resveratrol observed in tissues after ig 20mg/kg Polygonum cuspidatum extract. METHOD:For tissue distribution studies, tissues (300 mg) were homogenized and centrifuged with methanol, and metabolites found in selected tissue extract were identified by LC/MS/MS. For urinary and biliary excretion experiments, urine and bile samples were cleaned up by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with polyamide cartridges. All the concentrations of resveratrol in these biological samples were determined by HPLC with UV detection. RESULT:After a single oral dose of 20mg/kg PCE in rats, resveratrol was mainly distributed in stomach, duodenum, liver and kidney with detectable metabolites resveratrol monoglucuronide and resveratrol monosulfate. The majority of the resveratrol was excreted as metabolites, only 0.59% and 0.027% of the dosage were excreted in urine and bile respectively as unchanged drug within 24h.
    背景与目标:

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录