• 【压力限制通气期间持续气管气吹入对急性肺损伤家兔肺表面活性物质的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhu GF,Zhang W,Zong H,Liang Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Pulmonary surfactant dysfunction may contribute to the development of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) is a technique in which fresh gas is introduced into the trachea and augment ventilation by reducing the dead space of ventilatory system, reducing ventilatory pressures and tidal volume (V(T)) while maintaining constant partial arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO(2)). We hypothesised that TGI limited peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and V(T) and would minimize conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) induced pulmonary surfactant dysfunction and thereby attenuate VILI in rabbits with acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS:ALI was induced by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide in anaesthetized, ventilated healthy adult rabbits randomly assigned to continuous TGI at 0.5 L/min (TGI group) or CMV group (n = 8 for each group), and subsequently ventilated with limited PIP and V(T) to maintain PaCO(2) within 35 to 45 mmHg for 4 hours. Physiological dead space to V(T) ratio (V(D)/V(T)), dynamic respiratory compliance (Cdyn) and partial arterial O(2) pressure (PaO(2)) were monitored. After ventilation, lungs were analysed for total phospholipids (TPL), total proteins (TP), pulmonary surfactant small to large aggregates ratio (SA/LA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and for determination of alveolar volume density (V(V)), myeloperoxidase and interleukin (IL)-8. RESULTS:TGI resulted in significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decrease in PIP [(22.4 +/- 1.8) cmH2O vs (29.5 +/- 1.1) cmH2O], V(T) [(6.9 +/- 1.3) ml/kg vs (9.8 +/- 1.11) ml/kg], V(D)/V(T) [(32 +/- 5)% vs (46 +/- 2)%], TP [(109 +/- 22) mg/kg vs (187 +/- 25) mg/kg], SA/LA (2.5 +/- 0.4 vs 5.4 +/- 0.7), myeloperoxidase [(6.2 +/- 0.5) U/g tissue vs (12.3 +/- 0.8) U/g tissue] and IL-8 [(987 +/- 106) ng/g tissue vs (24 +/- 3) mN/m] of BALF, and significant (P < 0.05) increase in Cdyn [(0.47 +/- 0.02) ml.cmH2O(-1).kg(-1) vs (0.31 +/- 0.02) ml.cmH2O(-1).kg(-1)], PaO(2) [(175 +/- 24) mmHg vs (135 +/- 26) mmHg], TPL/TP (52 +/- 8 vs 33 +/- 11) and Vv (0.65 +/- 0.05 vs 0.44 +/- 0.07) as compared with CMV. CONCLUSIONS:In this animal model of ALI, TGI decreased ventilatory requirements (PIP, V(T) and V(D)/V(T)), resulted in more favourable alveolar pulmonary surfactant composition and function and less severity of lung injury than CMV. TGI in combination with pressure limited ventilation may be a lung protective strategy for ALI.
    背景与目标:
  • 【在体内31P MRS评估更昔洛韦对稳定表达单纯疱疹胸苷激酶基因的C6神经胶质瘤的毒性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199612)9:8<364::AID-NBM436 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stegman LD,Ben-Yoseph O,Freyer JP,Ross BD
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Phosphorus MRS was evaluated as a monitor of tumour therapeutic response to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase suicide gene therapy paradigm. In vivo 31P spectra were obtained from subcutaneous rat C6 gliomas constitutively expressing the HSVtk gene post treatment with ganciclovir (GCV, 15 mg/kg i.p., twice-daily). Significant regression (p < 0.1) of tumour volume was observed 10 days after beginning GCV administration. However, no changes in tumour pH or energy metabolites from pre-treatment values were observed. High-resolution 31P spectra of tumour extracts revealed a statistically significant reduction in the phosphocholine to phosphoethanolamine ratio six days post-GCV administration. These results indicate that the HSVtk/GCV-induced killing of tumours is not associated with corresponding changes in 31P MRS-observable energy metabolites and pH. The observed reduction in the PE/PC ratio may provide a non-invasive in vivo indicator of therapeutic efficacy.
    背景与目标: : 磷MRS被评估为对单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶自杀基因治疗范例的肿瘤治疗反应的监测仪。体内31p光谱是从用更昔洛韦治疗后组成性表达HSVtk基因的皮下大鼠C6神经胶质瘤获得的 (GCV,15 mg/kg i.P.,每天两次)。在开始GCV给药10天后观察到肿瘤体积的显著回归 (p <0.1)。然而,未观察到肿瘤pH或能量代谢物与治疗前值的变化。肿瘤提取物的高分辨率31p光谱显示,GCV给药六天后,磷酸胆碱与磷酸乙醇胺的比率在统计学上显着降低。这些结果表明,HSVtk/GCV诱导的肿瘤杀伤与31P MRS可观察到的能量代谢产物和pH的相应变化无关。观察到的PE/PC比率的降低可能提供治疗功效的非侵入性体内指标。
  • 【儿童急性囊尾性脑膜炎: 对吡喹酮的反应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/02724936.1997.11747856 复制DOI
    作者列表:Visudhiphan P,Chiemchanya S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Acute purulent meningitis as a manifestation of cerebral cysticercosis is uncommon. We report two children aged 12 months and 3 years who presented with clinical signs of acute meningitis and whose initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), except for negative culture, was typical of purulent meningitis. However, eosinophils were present in subsequent examinations of the CSF and the haemagglutination titre for cysticercus rose. Praziquantel was given to both children with dramatic improvement in clinical and CSF findings.
    背景与目标: : 急性化脓性脑膜炎作为脑囊虫病的表现并不常见。我们报告了两名年龄分别为12个月和3岁的儿童,他们表现出急性脑膜炎的临床症状,除阴性培养外,其初始脑脊液 (CSF) 是化脓性脑膜炎的典型表现。然而,在随后的CSF检查中存在嗜酸性粒细胞,并且囊尾蚴的血凝滴度上升。对两名临床和CSF表现均显着改善的儿童均给予吡喹酮。
  • 【JTE-607是一种多种细胞因子产生抑制剂,可改善SCID小鼠异种移植急性髓细胞性白血病模型中的疾病。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.exphem.2006.05.016 复制DOI
    作者列表:Uesato N,Fukui K,Maruhashi J,Tojo A,Tajima N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Accumulating findings suggest that in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors play important roles in the proliferation and survival of AML cells in an autocrine and paracrine manner, leading to deterioration of AML. JTE-607 is a multiple cytokine inhibitor that potently suppresses production of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the potency of JTE-607 as an antileukemic agent by exploiting a SCID mouse acute leukemia model. METHODS:SCID mice injected with anti-asialo-GM1 antibody were exposed to sublethal total-body irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy and then inoculated intravenously with AML cells. JTE-607 was administered using osmotic minipumps. The effects of JTE-607 on mouse survival time, human interleukin (IL)-8 levels in mouse plasma, and proportion of human CD45(+) cells in the bone marrow were studied. RESULTS:The survival time of the mice was strictly dependent on the number of U-937 cells proliferating in vivo. Administration of JTE-607 during the initial 7 days significantly prolonged survival of the mice, suggesting killing activity of JTE-607 against AML cells in vivo. Delayed administration of JTE-607 also prolonged the survival of mice bearing established leukemia with an effect comparable to the maximum tolerable dose of cytarabine. Flow cytometer analysis of bone marrow cells revealed decreased number of human CD45(+) cells. Human IL-8 level was also reduced by JTE-607. CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that JTE-607 has potential to be a new class of antileukemic drug that exerts inhibitory activities against both the proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production of AML cells.
    背景与目标:
  • 【神经细胞粘附分子 (CD56) 阳性急性骨髓性白血病和骨髓增生异常综合征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/ajcp/107.6.653 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mann KP,DeCastro CM,Liu J,Moore JO,Bigner SH,Traweek ST
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The CD56 antigen is normally expressed on natural-killer cells but has additionally been shown to be present on a variety of hematologic malignancies, including a subset of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). There is disagreement, however, about its prognostic significance and its association with specific cytogenetic abnormalities. All clinical samples from June 1994, through September 1995, with increased myeloblasts were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry for anomalous expression of CD56. Patients with CD56+ blast cells were selected, and morphologic review was performed. Clinical information was obtained, and cytogenetic data were reviewed. Southern blot analysis to detect rearrangement of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene was performed when possible. The samples from 23 of 114 patients studied demonstrated anomalous expression of CD56 on myeloblasts, including patients with AML, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. The samples from 10 of 15 patients with CD56+ AML demonstrated at least partial monocytic differentiation. Dysplastic features were displayed in the samples of 12 patients. Correlation with specific cytogenetic abnormalities was not found. The MLL gene was rearranged in five of 18 patients. Seventeen patients have died, with a median survival of 4.6 months for patients with AML. Three have sustained a complete remission. One has findings of high-grade myelodysplastic syndrome. Two were unavailable for follow-up. Expression of CD56 was found in 20% of patients with increased myeloblasts, including patients with high-grade MDS, chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis, and AML. This phenotype was associated with dysplasia, monocytic differentiation, and rearrangement of the MLL gene.

    背景与目标: CD56抗原通常在自然杀伤细胞上表达,但另外已显示出存在于多种血液系统恶性肿瘤中,包括急性骨髓性白血病 (AML) 的一部分。然而,关于其预后意义及其与特定细胞遗传学异常的关联存在分歧。通过多参数流式细胞术分析了所有来自1995年9月的成髓细胞增加的1994年6月的临床样本中cd56的异常表达。选择CD56 + 原始细胞的患者,并进行形态学检查。获得临床信息,并回顾细胞遗传学数据。在可能的情况下,进行Southern印迹分析以检测混合谱系白血病 (MLL) 基因的重排。来自114例患者中的23例的样本显示出CD56在成髓细胞上的异常表达,包括患有AML,骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS) 和处于爆炸危机中的慢性粒细胞性白血病的患者。来自15例CD56 AML患者中的10例的样本显示出至少部分单核细胞分化。在12例患者的样本中显示出发育异常的特征。未发现与特定细胞遗传学异常的相关性。18例患者中有5例重排了MLL基因。17名患者死亡,AML患者的中位生存期为4.6个月。三个已经完全缓解。有人发现了高度骨髓增生异常综合征。两个无法进行随访。在20% 的成髓细胞增加的患者中发现了CD56的表达,包括患有高级别MDS,处于爆炸危机中的慢性粒细胞性白血病和AML的患者。这种表型与发育异常,单核细胞分化和MLL基因的重排有关。
  • 【农村综合医院治疗急性精神疾病: 必要性还是选择?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1584.2006.00789.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hungerford C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To identify reasons why rural general practitioners (GPs) treat a large proportion of patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis in general beds of their local hospitals, and the barriers encountered when providing this treatment. DESIGN:A postal questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of rural GPs, asking about the treatment of patients with an acute mental illness in their local hospital. RESULTS:The majority of GPs agreed that they treat the acutely mentally ill in general beds of their local hospital due to lack of availability of, and inability to gain access to, mental health beds in the larger centres; and also to enable ongoing family involvement and continuity of care. Distance factors were identified as least significant. Barriers to providing care to this group of patients included a perceived lack of support by consultant psychiatrists, confidentiality issues, lack of community mental health workers to provide assistance, aggression levels of patients, inappropriate local hospital setting, and lack of confidence of GPs and general hospital nursing staff. CONCLUSION:Addressing these barriers is necessary if rural Australians are to receive a quality of care that is equal to that received by those located in metropolitan Australia. Continuing research in this area is crucial.
    背景与目标:
  • 【急性缺氧对椎动脉和颈内动脉血流的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068015 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ogoh S,Sato K,Nakahara H,Okazaki K,Subudhi AW,Miyamoto T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Hypoxia changes the regional distribution of cerebral blood flow and stimulates the ventilatory chemoreflex, thereby reducing CO2 tension. We examined the effects of both hypoxia and isocapnic hypoxia on acute changes in internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) blood flow. Ten healthy male subjects underwent the following two randomly assigned respiratory interventions after a resting baseline period with room air: (i) hypoxia; and (ii) isocapnic hypoxia with a controlled gas mixture (12% O2; inspiratory mmHg). In the isocapnic hypoxia intervention, subjects were instructed to maintain the rate and depth of breathing to maintain the level of end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 ( ) during the resting baseline period. The ICA and VA blood flow (velocity × cross-sectional area) were measured using Doppler ultrasonography. The was decreased (-6.3 ± 0.9%, P < 0.001) during hypoxia by hyperventilation (minute ventilation +12.9 ± 2.2%, P < 0.001), while was unchanged during isocapnic hypoxia. The ICA blood flow was unchanged (P = 0.429), while VA blood flow increased (+10.3 ± 3.1%, P = 0.010) during hypoxia. In contrast, isocapnic hypoxia increased both ICA (+14.5 ± 1.4%, P < 0.001) and VA blood flows (+10.9 ± 2.4%, P < 0.001). Thus, hypoxic vasodilatation outweighed hypocapnic vasoconstriction in the VA, but not in the ICA. These findings suggest that acute hypoxia elicits an increase in posterior cerebral blood flow, possibly to maintain essential homeostatic functions of the brainstem.
    背景与目标: : 缺氧改变脑血流的区域分布,刺激通气化学反射,从而降低CO2张力。我们检查了缺氧和异血管缺氧对颈内动脉 (ICA) 和椎动脉 (VA) 血流急性变化的影响。10名健康男性受试者在静息基线期后接受了以下两种随机分配的呼吸干预措施: (i) 缺氧; 和 (ii) 用受控气体混合物 (12% O2; 吸气mmHg) 进行等缺血缺氧。在等缺血缺氧干预中,指导受试者在静息基线期间维持呼吸速率和呼吸深度以维持CO2 () 的潮气末分压水平。使用多普勒超声检查测量ICA和VA血流 (速度 × 横截面积)。在过度通气 (分钟通气 + 12.9 ± 2.2%,P <0.001) 的缺氧期间降低 (-6.3 ± 0.9%,P <0.001),而在等缺血缺氧期间保持不变。缺氧时ICA血流量不变 (P = 0.429),VA血流量增加 (+ 10.3 ± 3.1%,P = 0.010)。相反,等缺血缺氧增加了ICA (14.5 ± 1.4%,P <0.001) 和VA血流 (10.9 ± 2.4%,P <0.001)。因此,在VA中,低氧的血管舒张作用超过了低碳酸的血管收缩,但在ICA中却没有。这些发现表明,急性缺氧会引起大脑后部血流量的增加,可能会维持脑干的基本稳态功能。
  • 【羊膜移植治疗急性stevens-johnson综合征和中毒性表皮坏死松解症的适应症和结果: 病例对照研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/ICO.0b013e31823d02a8 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hsu M,Jayaram A,Verner R,Lin A,Bouchard C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To evaluate the indications and outcomes of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) performed within the first 2 weeks of presentation in the management of patients with acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). METHODS:A retrospective chart review from January 1998 to May 2011 identified 128 SJS/TEN patients admitted to Loyola University Medical Center Burn intensive care unit. The degree of initial ocular surface inflammation was graded as mild, moderate, or severe within the first 2 weeks of admission. Patients were managed either medically or with amniotic membrane (AM). Outcomes were graded as good [best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)>20/40], fair (BCVA 20/40 to 20/200 or with ocular surface discomfort, requiring contact lens or reconstructive surgeries), or poor (BCVA<20/200). RESULTS:Of the 182 eyes (91 patients) with documented inpatient eye examinations, 108 eyes (59.4%) had mild or no initial ocular involvement, 37 eyes (20.3%) had moderate, and 37 eyes (20.3%) had severe inflammation. Of the 29 patients (58 eyes) with greater than 1 month of follow-up, 17 patients (33 eyes) were treated with medical management and 13 patients (25 eyes) were treated with early AM. One of the 23 eyes with moderate or severe presentation treated with early AMT (4.3%) resulted in a poor outcome within 3 months compared with 8 of 23 eyes (34.8%) that were medically managed (P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS:We present the first case-control study of the use of AM in the management of acute SJS/TEN. Early use of AMT prevents severe vision loss in SJS/TEN patients with initial moderate or severe ocular surface inflammation.
    背景与目标:
  • 【血清补体C1q在急性缺血性脑卒中诊断中的价值】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.161033 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhao X,Wang C,Pang B,Zhu Y,Zhang Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:To investigate the relationship between the levels of serum complement C1q and the risk and severity of acute ischemic stroke, a total of 154 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 42 healthy volunteers as normal controls were enrolled in the present study. METHODS:According to the onset time of stroke, patients were divided into three groups. Using an immune transmission turbidity method, the levels of serum complement C1q were detected to investigate the relationship between the level of serum complement C1q and the incidence and severity of acute ischemic stroke. The risk factors of these groups were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. The assessment of neurological function impairment was carried out according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Then correlation anal- ysis was carried out between the level of serum complement C1q among patients with acute ischemic stroke and the degree of neurological function impairment. RESULTS:The results showed that the level of serum complement C1q was higher in the ischemic stroke group than in the control group. Using a conditional logistic regression model it was discovered that serum complement C1q was the independent pathogenic factor of cerebral infarction. There also was a decreasing trend in the level of serum complement C1q with the extension of the onset time and an increasing trend in the level of serum complement C1q with the increase in the maximum diameter of infarction volume. CONCLUSIONS:Serum complement C1q is an independent risk factor for acute outbreak of ischemic stroke, whose level is closely related to the outbreak and infarct size and neurological function impairment.
    背景与目标:
  • 【rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) 中的aspalathin对秀丽隐杆线虫急性氧化应激的改善作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2012.10.006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chen W,Sudji IR,Wang E,Joubert E,van Wyk BE,Wink M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Rooibos leaves and fine stems (Aspalathus linearis; Fabaceae) are increasingly enjoyed as herbal tea, largely in fermented (oxidised) red-brown form, but also in unfermented (unoxidised) green form. Rooibos is rich in antioxidant polyphenols, with the dihydrochalcone, aspalathin, as a major active ingredient. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as model organism to investigate the effect of rooibos extracts against oxidative stress in vivo. In a high glucose environment, C. elegans treated with rooibos extract exhibited an extended lifespan. Furthermore, green rooibos was a more potent antioxidant than red rooibos, probably due to its substantially higher aspalathin content. In addition, rooibos decreased acute oxidative damage caused by the superoxide anion radical generator, juglone, with aspalathin playing a major role in improving the survival rate of C. elegans. Quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that aspalathin targets stress and ageing related genes, reducing the endogenous intracellular level of ROS. These findings suggest that rooibos increases stress resistance and promotes longevity under stress, probably mediated via a regulation of the DAF-16/FOXO insulin-like signalling pathway, supporting some of the health claims put forward for rooibos tea.
    背景与目标: : Rooibos的叶子和细茎 (Aspalathus linearis; Fabaceae) 作为凉茶越来越受到欢迎,主要以发酵 (氧化) 的红棕色形式,但也以未发酵 (未氧化) 的绿色形式。Rooibos富含抗氧化剂多酚,其中二氢查耳酮,aspalathin是主要的活性成分。我们使用秀丽隐杆线虫作为模型生物,研究了rooibos提取物对体内氧化应激的影响。在高葡萄糖环境中,用rooibos提取物处理的秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命延长。此外,绿色rooibos是比红色rooibos更有效的抗氧化剂,这可能是由于其aspalathin含量高得多。此外,rooibos降低了由超氧阴离子自由基发生器juglone引起的急性氧化损伤,而aspalathin在提高秀丽隐杆线虫的存活率中起着重要作用。实时定量PCR结果表明,aspalathin靶向应激和衰老相关基因,降低了细胞内ROS的内源性水平。这些发现表明,rooibos可能通过调节DAF-16/FOXO胰岛素样信号通路介导,可以提高应激抵抗力并促进应激状态下的寿命,从而支持rooibos茶提出的一些健康要求。
  • 【急性呼吸窘迫综合征: 全国23年来发病率、治疗和死亡率的变化。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/aas.12001 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sigurdsson MI,Sigvaldason K,Gunnarsson TS,Moller A,Sigurdsson GH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to assess population-based changes in incidence, treatment, and in short- and long-term survival of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) over 23 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Analysis of all patients in Iceland who fulfilled the consensus criteria for ARDS in 1988-2010. Demographic variables, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores and ventilation parameters were collected from hospital charts. RESULTS:The age-standardised incidence of ARDS during the study period was 7.2 cases per 100,000 person-years and was increased by 0.2 cases per year (P < 0.001). The most common causes of ARDS were pneumonia (29%) and sepsis (29%). The use of pressure-controlled ventilation became almost dominant from 1993. The peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) has significantly decreased (-0.5 cmH(2) O/year), but the peak end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has increased (0.1 cmH(2) O/year) during the study period. The hospital mortality decreased by 1% per year (P = 0.03) during the study period, from 50% in 1988-1992 to 33% in 2006-2010. A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that higher age and APACHE II score increased the odds of hospital mortality, while a higher calendar year of diagnosis reduced the odds of mortality. This was unchanged when dominant respiratory treatment, PIP and PEEP were added to the model. The 10-year survival of ARDS survivors was 68% compared with 90% survival of a reference population (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION:The incidence of ARDS has almost doubled, but hospital mortality has decreased during the 23 years of observation. The 10-year survival of ARDS survivors is poor compared with the reference population.
    背景与目标:
  • 【组胺H2拮抗剂治疗急性上消化道出血。随机试验的意义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1056/NEJM198509123131104 复制DOI
    作者列表:Collins R,Langman M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Histamine H2 antagonists are widely used in treating patients with hematemesis and melena, despite the lack of reliable evidence of benefit from any of the randomized trials, considered separately. Examination of the data from all 27 available randomized trials, in which over 2500 patients were entered, suggests that treatment may reduce the rates of rebleeding, surgery, and death by about 10, 20, and 30 per cent, respectively, although these results were only marginally significant for surgery and death. Any benefit appeared to be confined to patients with bleeding gastric ulcers, but since this subgroup analysis was prompted by preliminary examination of the data in some of the individual trials reviewed here, it should be treated with particular caution. The implications of this overview are that treatment with histamine H2 antagonists appears to be moderately promising, but its effects on important end points, such as death, still need to be assessed reliably. Prevention of "only" about 20 per cent of all deaths could well be worthwhile, for the condition is common, and the treatment widely practicable. To detect such a moderate effect reliably, however, might require the randomization of 10,000 patients (or more), which would be possible only in an extremely simple multicenter collaborative trial.
    背景与目标: : 组胺H2拮抗剂被广泛用于治疗呕血和黑便患者,尽管缺乏可靠的证据从单独考虑的任何随机试验中获益。对来自所有27个可用的随机试验的数据 (其中输入了2500多名患者) 的检查表明,治疗可将再出血,手术和死亡率分别降低约10%,20% 和30%,尽管这些结果仅对手术和死亡具有轻微意义。任何益处似乎都仅限于胃溃疡出血患者,但由于该亚组分析是通过对此处审查的一些单独试验中的数据进行初步检查而引起的,因此应特别谨慎对待。此概述的含义是,用组胺H2拮抗剂治疗似乎是适度有希望的,但仍需要可靠地评估其对重要终点 (例如死亡) 的影响。预防 “仅” 大约20% 的死亡是值得的,因为这种情况很普遍,并且治疗广泛可行。然而,为了可靠地检测这种中等效应,可能需要对10,000患者 (或更多) 进行随机化,这仅在极其简单的多中心协作试验中是可能的。
  • 【使用石蜡包埋的组织切片对急性白血病进行免疫分型。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/ajcp/93.4.502 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kurec AS,Cruz VE,Barrett D,Mason DY,Davey FR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In a study of 55 patients with either acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL; 25 cases) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 30 cases), paraffin-embedded bone marrow particle sections were examined with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies reactive toward lymphoid and myeloid-associated antigens, using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. All cases were previously classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) Co-operative Group, and cases of ALL were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Results indicated that myeloid-associated antibodies (Mac 387, KP 1 [CD68], antielastase, antilactoferrin, and antilysozyme) did not react with any case of ALL, M1-AML, or M6-AML, whereas at least one of these antibodies reacted with 20 of 21 (95%) cases of M2, M3, M4, and M5-AML. Anti-glycophorin C marked cases of M6-AML, whereas anti-CD3 labeled T-cell ALL. None of the antibodies tested specifically identified cases of B-cell ALL. The authors conclude that use of a selected panel of antibodies on paraffin-embedded bone marrow particle sections may be of value in the diagnosis and immunophenotypic classification of many cases of acute leukemias.
    背景与目标: : 在对55例急性淋巴白血病 (ALL; 25例) 或急性髓细胞性白血病 (AML; 30例) 患者的研究中,用一组对淋巴样和髓样相关抗原具有反应性的单克隆和多克隆抗体检查了石蜡包埋的骨髓颗粒切片,使用碱性磷酸酶-抗碱性磷酸酶 (APAAP) 技术。所有病例先前均按法美英 (FAB) 合作组分类,所有病例均通过流式细胞术进行免疫表型。结果表明,髓样相关抗体 (Mac 387,KP 1 [CD68],抗弹性蛋白酶,抗乳铁蛋白和抗溶菌酶) 未与ALL,M1-AML或M6-AML的任何病例发生反应,而这些抗体中的至少一种与21例 (95% 例) M2,M3,m4和M5-AML。抗糖蛋白C标记了M6-AML病例,而anti-CD3标记了T细胞ALL。测试的抗体均未特异性鉴定出b细胞ALL病例。作者得出的结论是,在石蜡包埋的骨髓颗粒切片上使用选定的一组抗体可能对许多急性白血病病例的诊断和免疫表型分类具有价值。
  • 【食用褐藻Eisenia bicyclis对淀粉样 β 肽诱导的PC12细胞毒性的神经保护作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s12272-012-1116-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ahn BR,Moon HE,Kim HR,Jung HA,Choi JS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) oligomers increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium cation (Ca(2+)) concentrations, which causes neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the use of neuroprotective agents with antioxidative activity might be effective in the treatment of AD. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of the methanol extract from edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis (Laminariaceae) and its solvent soluble fractions together with the isolated phlorotannins on Aβ-induced toxicity were assessed by cell viability, intracellular ROS, and Ca(2+) levels in PC12 cells. The addition of the methanol extract as well as its ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of E. bicyclis markedly reversed the Aβ-induced toxicity. Among six phlorotannins, including phloroglucinol (1), dioxinodehydroeckol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), dieckol (5), and 7-phloroeckol (6), isolated from the most active ethyl acetate fraction, 3-6 significantly decreased Aβ-induced cell death. Furthermore, these compounds also inhibited intracellular ROS generation and Ca(2+) generation, indicating the neuroprotective effects may be mediated through reduced intracellular ROS and Ca(2+) generation. Thus, the results of the present study imply that E. bicyclis and its active components attenuated the oxidative stress and reduced neuronal cell death, suggesting that it may be used as a dietary neuroprotective agent in AD.
    背景与目标: : 淀粉样 β 肽 (a β) 低聚物会增加细胞内活性氧 (ROS) 和钙阳离子 (Ca(2)) 的浓度,从而导致阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 中的神经元细胞死亡。因此,使用具有抗氧化活性的神经保护剂可能有效治疗AD。在本研究中,通过细胞活力,细胞内ROS和Ca(2) 评估了食用褐藻Eisenia bicyclis (Laminariaceae) 及其溶剂可溶性级分以及分离的phlorotannins对a β 诱导的毒性的神经保护作用。) 在PC12细胞中。添加甲醇提取物及其双环E的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇馏分可显着逆转a β 诱导的毒性。从最活跃的乙酸乙酯级分中分离出的六种木酚素,包括间苯三酚 (1),间苯二酚脱氢 (2),艾可 (3),间苯三酚A (4),间苯三酚 (5) 和7-phloroeckol (6),3-6显着降低了A β 诱导的细胞死亡。此外,这些化合物还抑制细胞内ROS的产生和Ca(2) 的产生,表明神经保护作用可能是通过减少细胞内ROS和Ca(2) 的产生来介导的。因此,本研究的结果表明,双环杆菌及其活性成分减轻了氧化应激并减少了神经元细胞死亡,这表明它可以用作AD的饮食神经保护剂。
  • 【腺苷A2a受体激动剂和拮抗剂对MDMA毒性前海马核因子-kB表达的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11011-012-9366-y 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kermanian F,Soleimani M,Ebrahimzadeh A,Haghir H,Mehdizadeh M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :There is an abundance of evidence showing that repeated use of 3,4-methlylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) is associated with brain dysfunction, memory disturbance, locomotor hyperactivity, and hyperthermia. MDMA is toxic to both the serotonergic neurons and dopaminergic system. Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside with a neuromodulatory function in the central nervous system. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of an immune response by triggering the expression of major inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Here, we investigated the effects of the A2a adenosine receptor (A2a-R) agonist (CGS) and antagonist (SCH) on NF-kB expression after MDMA administration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected to MDMA (10 mg/kg) followed by intraperitoneal injection of either CGS or SCH (0.03 mg/kg each) to animals. The hippocampi were then removed for western blot and RT- PCR analyses. MDMA significantly elevated NF-kB expression. Our results show that administration of CGS following MDMA significantly elevated the NF-kB expression both at mRNA and protein levels. By contrast, administration of the A2a-R antagonist SCH resulted in a decrease in the NF-kB levels. Taken together, these results indicate that, co-administration of A2a agonist (CGS) can protect against MDMA neurotoxic effects by increasing NF-kB expression levels; suggesting a potential application for protection against the neurotoxic effects observed in MDMA users.
    背景与目标: : 有大量证据表明,重复使用3,4-甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺 (MDMA; 摇头丸) 与脑功能障碍,记忆障碍,运动亢进和体温过高有关。MDMA对血清素能神经元和多巴胺能系统均有毒。腺苷是一种内源性嘌呤核苷,在中枢神经系统中具有神经调节功能。核因子kappa-B (NF-kB) 通过触发主要炎症介质 (例如细胞因子,趋化因子和粘附分子) 的表达,在免疫反应的启动和持续中起关键作用。在这里,我们研究了MDMA给药后A2a腺苷受体 (A2a-R) 激动剂 (CGS) 和拮抗剂 (SCH) 对NF-kB表达的影响。将雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠注射至MDMA (10 mg/kg),然后向动物腹膜内注射CGS或SCH (各0.03 mg/kg)。然后去除海马进行蛋白质印迹和rt-pcr分析。MDMA显著升高NF-kB表达。我们的结果表明,在MDMA之后给予CGS显着提高了mRNA和蛋白质水平的NF-kB表达。相比之下,施用A2a-R拮抗剂SCH导致NF-kB水平降低。总之,这些结果表明,A2a激动剂 (CGS) 的共同给药可以通过增加NF-kB表达水平来预防MDMA神经毒性作用; 提示潜在的应用,以防止在MDMA使用者中观察到的神经毒性作用。

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