• 【监测锥虫的DNA-包括布氏锥虫的DNA-来自被困在金沙萨市 (刚果民主共和国) 东南郊区的河Glossina的中端。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104095 复制DOI
    作者列表:Grébaut P,Andjingbopou Y,Mansinsa DP,Manzambi EZ,Mpembelé F,Lejon V,Geiger A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Even if the number of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases from Kinshasa province in DRC is going towards elimination for the last decade, cases still occur in the periphery of the city. The diagnosis of 21 cases in the south periphery of Kinshasa, between 2015 and 2017 gives evidence of the existence of an active focus in this area. Here, we present the results of a punctual entomological survey that was realized in july 2014 in the outskirts of the southeast of Kinshasa. Using pyramidal traps, we caught tsetse flies during 2 days, dissecting the fresh ones for further molecular analysis. The average Apparent Density of flies per Trap and per Day was three with a maximum of 5.6 flies in Nganda PIO. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the midguts provided evidence of a high prevalence (57.2%) of infected flies. Ninety three percent of the trypanosomes that were identified belonged to the Nanomonas species, but Trypanozoon trypanosomes were also present in 24% of the infected flies, including mixed infections with Nanomonas, including 3 flies carrying Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the human pathogen of trypanosomiasis. These results show that at the time of the field's study there was an active reservoir of trypanosomes, closed to pigsties, knowing that pig is a potential animal reservoir. It also demonstrates that xenomonitoring using the entomological approach can be an efficient tool for monitoring sleeping sickness. Finally, results are discussed in the frame of WHO's HAT elimination project. Regarding Kinshasa, it points out the need of regular epidemiologic surveys.
    背景与目标: : 即使在过去十年中,来自刚果民主共和国金沙萨省的非洲人类锥虫病 (HAT) 病例数量正在消除,但仍在该市外围发生。在金沙萨,2015年和2017南部外围的21例病例的诊断证明该地区存在积极的重点。在这里,我们介绍了在金沙萨东南部郊区的2014年7月进行的准时昆虫学调查的结果。使用金字塔形诱捕器,我们在2天内捕获了采采蝇,解剖了新鲜的捕蝇以进行进一步的分子分析。在Nganda PIO中,每个陷阱和每天果蝇的平均表观密度为3只,最多5.6只果蝇。中胆的聚合酶链反应分析提供了受感染果蝇的高患病率 (57.2%) 的证据。鉴定出的90个锥虫体3% 属于纳米单胞菌,但在24% 感染的果蝇中也存在锥虫锥虫体,包括与纳米单胞菌的混合感染,包括3只携带锥虫病人类病原体布鲁氏锥虫的果蝇。这些结果表明,在野外研究时,知道猪是潜在的动物储存库,它对猪封闭。它还表明,使用昆虫学方法进行异种监测可以是监测昏睡病的有效工具。最后,在WHO's HAT消除项目的框架内讨论了结果。关于金沙萨,它指出需要定期进行流行病学调查。
  • 【“作为助产士正在准备帮助处境非常困难的妇女”: 助产士在刚果民主共和国伊图里省农村和脆弱地区工作的经历。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.22605/RRH5677 复制DOI
    作者列表:Baba A,Theobald S,Martineau T,Sabuni P,Nobabo MM,Alitimango A,Raven J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Maternal and neonatal health are core focus areas in fragile and conflict-affected areas, and hence midwives are key actors. But there is currently very little evidence on midwives' experiences, the challenges that they face and coping strategies they employ in the challenging and fragile rural areas of Ituri Province in the north-eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This understanding is critical to developing strategies to attract, retain and support midwives to provide vital services to women and their families. This study aims to explore midwives' work experiences and challenges through time from initial professional choice to future career aspiration in rural Ituri Province, north-eastern DRC. METHODS:As part of a qualitative approach, life history interviews with 26 midwives and 6 ex-midwives, and three focus group discussions with 22 midwives in three health districts of Ituri Province (Bunia, Aru and Adja), were conducted in 2017. Purposive sampling was used to recruit research participants. The transcripts were digitally recorded, and thematically analyzed using NVivo software. A timeline framework was deployed in the analytical process. RESULTS:Problem solving, childhood aspirations and role models were the main reasons for both midwives and ex-midwives to join midwifery. Midwives followed a range of midwifery training courses, resulting in different levels and training experiences. Midwives faced many work challenges: serious shortages of qualified health workers; poor working conditions due to lack of equipment, supplies and professional support; and no salary from the government. This situation was worsened by insecurity caused by militia operating in some rural health districts. Midwives in those settings have developed coping strategies such as generating income and food from farm work, lobbying local organizations for supplies and training traditional birth attendants to work in facilities. Despite these conditions, most midwives wanted to continue working as midwives or follow further midwifery studies. Family-related reasons were the main reasons for most ex-midwives to leave the profession. CONCLUSION:Midwives play a critical role in supporting women to deliver babies safely in rural Ituri Province. They face immense challenges and demonstrate bravery and resilience as they navigate the interface between underresourced health systems and poor, marginalized rural communities. This situation requires a call to action: donors need to prioritize these contexts; and the government and other stakeholders in DRC need to invest more in improving security conditions as well as working conditions and professional support for midwives in rural Ituri Province. Only then will midwives be able to provide the critical services that women and their families need, and therefore contribute to achieving universal health coverage.
    背景与目标:
  • 【使用改性黄原胶/二氧化硅杂化纳米复合材料作为吸附剂从水溶液中有效去除刚果红染料。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.108 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ghorai S,Sarkar AK,Panda AB,Pal S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim of this work is to study the feasibility of XG-g-PAM/SiO2 nanocomposite towards its potential application as high performance adsorbent for removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution. The surface area, average pore size and total pore volume of the developed nanocomposite has been determined. The efficiency of CR dye adsorption depends on various factors like pH, temperature of the solution, equilibrium time of adsorption, agitation speed, initial concentration of dye and adsorbent dosage. It has been observed that the nanocomposite is having excellent CR dye adsorption capacity (Q0=209.205 mg g(-1)), which is considerably high. The dye adsorption process is controlled by pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The adsorption equilibrium data correlates well with Langmuir isotherm. Desorption study indicates the efficient regeneration ability of the dye loaded nanocomposite.
    背景与目标: : 这项工作的目的是研究XG-g-PAM/SiO2纳米复合材料作为从水溶液中去除刚果红 (CR) 染料的高性能吸附剂的可行性。已经确定了所开发的纳米复合材料的表面积,平均孔径和总孔体积。CR染料的吸附效率取决于ph值,溶液温度,吸附平衡时间,搅拌速度,染料初始浓度和吸附剂用量等多种因素。已经观察到纳米复合材料具有优异的CR染料吸附容量 (Q0 = 209.205 mg g(-1)),其相当高。染料吸附过程受伪二阶和体内扩散动力学模型控制。吸附平衡数据与Langmuir等温线相关性很好。解吸研究表明,负载染料的纳米复合材料具有有效的再生能力。
  • 【[刚果民主共和国金沙萨公司员工人群前列腺癌筛查的研究.检出率及营养和地理危险因素]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2008.04.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Punga-Maole AM,Moningo DM,Kayembe PK,Tshikuela ML,Kabongo JM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To detect prostate cancer in the employees of a Kinshasa company and to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of men with prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS:From September 2004 to December 2005, a cross-sectional, prospective prostate cancer screening study by PSA, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound was conducted in 162 men aged 40 to 70 years. The upper limit of normal for PSA was 2.5ng/ml. Finger-guided prostatic biopsy was only performed in subjects with suspicious findings (n=38). Histological examination was performed in the Department of Defense of Armed Forces, Institute of Pathology, at Brugmann teaching hospital and the Kinshasa University Clinics. RESULTS:Four adenocarcinomas, two PIN II and two PIN III were detected, that is a prostate cancer detection rate of 2.5%. Prostate cancer was only detected among men from three of the eight provinces. Two of the men with prostate cancer had a diet rich in animal fats and two had a family history of prostate cancer. The mean PSA in men with prostate cancer was high (17.37+/-8.56ng/ml) compared to men without prostate cancer (2.7+/-4.2ng/ml). DISCUSSION:The underestimated prostate cancer detection rate of 2.5% is close to that of 2.6 to 3.2% for Caucasians in Europe and America but less than that of 5.1% for the black American population. This study provides a database on prostate cancer in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
    背景与目标:
  • 【在肯尼亚不同医院就诊的发热患者中,有耶尔森氏症,蜱传脑炎,西尼罗河,戊型肝炎,克里米亚-刚果出血热,莱姆病和布鲁氏菌病的血清学证据。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1089/vbz.2019.2484 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nyataya J,Maraka M,Lemtudo A,Masakhwe C,Mutai B,Njaanake K,Estambale BB,Nyakoe N,Siangla J,Waitumbi JN
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Data on pathogen prevalence is crucial for informing exposure and disease risk. We evaluated serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), West Nile (WN), Hepatitis E virus (HEV), Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), Yersiniosis, Lyme Disease (LD), and brucellosis in 1033 patients presenting with acute febrile illness at 9 health care facilities from diverse ecological zones of Kenya: arid and semiarid (Garissa District Hospital, Lodwar District Hospital, Marigat District Hospital, Gilgil District Hospital), Lake Victoria basin (Kisumu District Hospital, Alupe District Hospital, Kombewa Sub-County Hospital), Kisii highland (Kisii District Hospital), and coastal (Malindi District Hospital). Epidemiological information of the patients such as geography, age, gender, and keeping animals were analyzed as potential risk factors. Of the 1033 samples, 619 (59.9%) were seropositive to at least one pathogen by IgM (current exposure), IgG/IgM (recent exposure), and IgG (past exposure). Collective seroprevalence for current, recent, and past to the pathogens was 9.4%, 5.1%, and 21.1% for LD; 3.6%, 0.5%, and 12.4% for WN; 0.9%, 0.5%, and 16.9% for HEV; 5.8%, 1.3%, and 3.9% for brucellosis; 5.7%, 0.2%, and 2.3% for yersiniosis; 1.7%, 0%, and 6.2% for TBE; and 0.4%, 0%, and 1.9% for CCHF. Brucellosis risk was higher in patients recruited at Garissa District Hospital (odds ratio [OR] = 3.41), HEV (OR = 2.45) and CCHF (OR = 5.46) in Lodwar District Hospital, LD in Alupe District Hospital (OR = 5.73), Kombewa Sub-district hospital (OR = 8.17), and Malindi District hospital (OR = 3.3). Exposure to LD was highest in the younger age group, whereas yersiniosis did not vary with age. Age was a significant risk for WN, brucellosis, CCHF, TBE, and HEV and in those aged >14 years there was an increased risk to WN (OR = 2.30, p < 0.0001), brucellosis (OR = 1.84, p = 0.005), CCHF (OR = 4.35, p = 0.001), TBE (OR = 2.78, p < 0.0001), and HEV (OR = 1.94, p = 0.0001). We conclude that LD is pervasive and constitutes a significant health burden to the study population, whereas yersiniosis and CCHF are not significant threats. Going forward, community-based studies will be needed to capture the true seroprevalence rates and the associated risk factors.
    背景与目标: : 病原体流行数据对于告知暴露和疾病风险至关重要。我们评估了蜱传脑炎 (TBE),西尼罗河 (WN),戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV),克里米亚-刚果出血发热 (CCHF),耶尔森氏病,莱姆病 (LD),和布氏杆菌病在来自肯尼亚不同生态区的9个卫生保健机构的1033名急性发热性疾病患者中: 干旱和半干旱 (加里萨区医院、罗德瓦尔区医院、马里加特区医院、吉尔吉尔区医院) 、维多利亚湖盆地 (基苏木区医院、阿鲁佩区医院,kombewa县医院),Kisii高地 (Kisii区医院) 和沿海 (Malindi区医院)。分析了患者的流行病学信息,例如地理,年龄,性别和饲养动物,作为潜在的危险因素。在1033样品中,619 (59.9%) 通过IgM (当前暴露) 、IgG/IgM (最近暴露) 和IgG (过去暴露) 对至少一种病原体呈血清阳性。目前,最近和过去对病原体的集体血清阳性率为LD的9.4%,5.1% 和21.1%; WN的3.6%,0.5% 和12.4%; HEV的0.9%,0.5% 和16.9%; 布鲁氏菌病的5.8%,1.3% 和3.9%; 耶尔森氏菌病的5.7%,0.2% 和2.3%; 1.7%,TBE的0% 和6.2%; CCHF的0.4% 、0% 和1.9%。在Garissa地区医院 (优势比 [OR]  =   3.41),HEV (OR   =   2.45) 和CCHF (OR   =   5.46) 在Lodwar地区医院,LD在Alupe地区医院 (OR   =   5.73),kombewa分区医院 (or   =   8.17) 和Malindi分区医院 (or   =   3.3)。在较年轻的年龄组中,LD的暴露量最高,而耶尔森氏症则没有随年龄而变化。年龄是WN,布鲁氏菌病,CCHF,TBE和HEV的显着风险,在年龄> 14岁的人群中,WN (or   =   2.30,p  <  0.0001),布鲁氏菌病 (or   =   1.84,p   =   0.005),CCHF (or   =   4.35,p   =   0.001) 、TBE (or   =   2.78,p  <  0.0001) 、HEV (or   =   1.94,p   =   0.0001)。我们得出的结论是,LD普遍存在,对研究人群构成了沉重的健康负担,而耶尔森氏症和CCHF并不是重大威胁。展望未来,将需要基于社区的研究来捕获真实的血清阳性率和相关的风险因素。
  • 【在从刚果返回的旅行者中,用阿托醌-丙胍治疗恶性疟疾期间,与细胞色素b密码子268突变相关的晚期临床失败。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12936-020-3126-y 复制DOI
    作者列表:Massamba L,Madamet M,Benoit N,Chevalier A,Fonta I,Mondain V,Jeandel PY,Amalvict R,Delaunay P,Mosnier J,Marty P,Pomares C,Pradines B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The drug combination atovaquone-proguanil, is recommended for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in France. Despite high efficacy, atovaquone-proguanil treatment failures have been reported. Resistance to cycloguanil, the active metabolite of proguanil, is conferred by multiple mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and resistance to atovaquone by single mutation on codon 268 of the cytochrome b gene (pfcytb). CASE PRESENTATION:A 47-year-old female, native from Congo and resident in France, was admitted in hospital for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with parasitaemia of 0.5%, after travelling in Congo (Brazzaville and Pointe Noire). She was treated with atovaquone-proguanil (250 mg/100 mg) 4 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. On day 5 after admission she was released home. However, many weeks after this episode, without having left France, she again experienced fever and intense weakness. On day 39 after the beginning of treatment, she consulted for fever, arthralgia, myalgia, photophobia, and blurred vision. She was hospitalized for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with a parasitaemia of 0.375% and treated effectively by piperaquine-artenimol (320 mg/40 mg) 3 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. Resistance to atovaquone-proguanil was suspected. The Y268C mutation was detected in all of the isolates tested (D39, D42, D47). The genotyping of the pfdhfr gene showed a triple mutation (N51I, C59R, S108N) involved in cycloguanil resistance. CONCLUSION:This is the first observation of a late clinical failure of atovaquone-proguanil treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria associated with pfcytb 268 mutation in a traveller returning from Congo. These data confirm that the Y268C mutation is associated with delayed recrudescence 4 weeks or more after initial treatment. Although atovaquone-proguanil treatment failures remain rare, an increased surveillance is required. It is essential to declare and publish all well-documented cases of treatment failures because it is the only way to evaluate the level of resistance to atovaquone.
    背景与目标:
  • 【通过分子动力学模拟探测刚果红与阿尔茨海默氏症a β(9-40) 肽的淀粉样原纤维的结合。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2012.07.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wu C,Scott J,Shea JE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Congo red (CR) is a commonly used histological amyloid dye and a weak amyloid inhibitor. There is currently no experimentally available structure of CR bound to an amyloid fibril and the binding modes, and the mechanisms governing its inhibitory and optical properties are poorly understood. In this work, we present the first, to our knowledge, atomistically detailed picture of CR binding to protofibrils of the Alzheimer Aβ(9-40) peptide. We identify three major binding modes, with the primary mode residing in the grooves formed by the β-sheets, and observe a restriction of the torsional rotation of the CR molecule upon binding. Our simulations reveal a novel, to our knowledge, electrostatic steering mechanism that plays an important role in the initial recognition and binding of CR to the positively charged surface residues of the fibril. Our simulations provide new, to our knowledge, insights into the striking spectrophotometric and inhibitory properties of CR. In particular, we show that birefringence upon CR binding is due to the anisotropic orientation of the CR dipoles resulting from the spatial ordering of these molecules in the grooves along the fibril axis. The fluorescent enhancement of the bound CR, in turn, is associated with the torsional restriction of this molecule upon binding.
    背景与目标: : 刚果红 (CR) 是一种常用的组织学淀粉样蛋白染料,也是一种弱淀粉样蛋白抑制剂。目前尚无实验上可用的与淀粉样蛋白原纤维结合的CR结构和结合模式,并且对控制其抑制和光学特性的机制知之甚少。在这项工作中,我们首先介绍了CR与Alzheimer a β(9-40) 肽原纤维结合的原子详细图片。我们确定了三种主要的结合模式,其中主要模式存在于由 β-折叠形成的凹槽中,并观察到结合后CR分子扭转旋转的限制。据我们所知,我们的模拟揭示了一种新颖的静电转向机制,该机制在CR与原纤维带正电的表面残基的初始识别和结合中起着重要作用。据我们所知,我们的模拟为CR的惊人分光光度和抑制特性提供了新的见解。特别是,我们表明,CR结合上的双折射是由于CR偶极子的各向异性取向,这是由于这些分子在沿原纤维轴的凹槽中的空间有序而产生的。结合的CR的荧光增强又与该分子结合后的扭转限制有关。
  • 【一种更准确的淀粉样蛋白检测和亚型方法: 结合原位刚果红染色和免疫组织化学。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000447304 复制DOI
    作者列表:Menter T,Bachmann M,Grieshaber S,Tzankov A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Amyloidosis is the result of various, differently approachable diseases. It is vital to subtype the amyloid deposits in order to establish and finally treat the underlying disease properly. Besides the classical staining with Congo red, further procedures like immunohistochemical staining are needed for classification. Here, we present a more accurate approach using Congo red/immunohistochemical double staining easily applicable in routine diagnostics. Modifications of the Congo red staining technique and the immunohistochemical procedures were needed in order to combine both staining procedures on one slide. The evaluation was done using conventional light and fluorescence microscopy. By shortening the staining time for Congo red to 10 s and by modification regarding endogenous peroxidase blockage, accurate results could be obtained for evaluating the Congo red/immunohistochemistry double staining using a fluorescence microscope. Sections of 2 μm instead of 4 μm thickness were superior for evaluation, since they increased staining specificity. The combination of Congo red and immunohistochemistry as in situ double staining on one slide is a feasible approach in the diagnosis of amyloidosis. It allows focusing on the fluorescent Congo red-positive areas when evaluating immunohistochemistry, thus avoiding signing out false-positive results. Additionally, it increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the immunohistochemically stained sections on conventional microscopy.
    背景与目标: 淀粉样变性是各种不同的易接近的疾病的结果。为了建立并最终正确治疗潜在疾病,对淀粉样蛋白沉积物进行亚型分型至关重要。除了用刚果红进行经典染色外,还需要进一步的程序 (如免疫组织化学染色) 进行分类。在这里,我们提出了一种使用刚果红/免疫组织化学双重染色的更准确的方法,该方法易于用于常规诊断。为了在一张载玻片上结合两种染色程序,需要修改刚果红染色技术和免疫组织化学程序。使用常规的光学和荧光显微镜进行评估。通过将刚果红的染色时间缩短至10 s,并通过对内源性过氧化物酶阻断进行修饰,可以获得使用荧光显微镜评估刚果红/免疫组织化学双重染色的准确结果。2μm而不是4μm厚度的切片更适合评估,因为它们增加了染色特异性。刚果红和免疫组织化学结合在一张玻片上进行原位双重染色是诊断淀粉样变性的可行方法。在评估免疫组织化学时,可以将重点放在荧光刚果红阳性区域,从而避免签出假阳性结果。此外,它增加了常规显微镜下免疫组织化学染色切片的信噪比。
  • 【克里米亚-刚果出血发热病毒在人和牛来源的肾细胞中的差异生长特性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3390/v12060685 复制DOI
    作者列表:Földes K,Aligholipour Farzani T,Ergünay K,Ozkul A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes a lethal tick-borne zoonotic disease with severe clinical manifestation in humans but does not produce symptomatic disease in wild or domestic animals. The factors contributing to differential outcomes of infection between species are not yet understood. Since CCHFV is known to have tropism to kidney tissue and cattle play an important role as an amplifying host for CCHFV, in this study, we assessed in vitro cell susceptibility to CCHFV infection in immortalized and primary kidney and adrenal gland cell lines of human and bovine origin. Based on our indirect fluorescent focus assay (IFFA), we suggest a cell-to-cell CCHF viral spread process in bovine kidney cells but not in human cells. Over the course of seven days post-infection (dpi), infected bovine kidney cells are found in restricted islet-like areas. In contrast, three dpi infected human kidney or adrenal cells were noted in areas distant from one another yet progressed to up to 100% infection of the monolayer. Pronounced CCHFV replication, measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) of both intra- and extracellular viral RNA, was documented only in human kidney cells, supporting restrictive infection in cells of bovine origin. To further investigate the differences, lactate dehydrogenase activity and cytopathic effects were measured at different time points in all mentioned cells. In vitro assays indicated that CCHFV infection affects human and bovine kidney cells differently, where human cell lines seem to be markedly permissive. This is the initial reporting of CCHFV susceptibility and replication patterns in bovine cells and the first report to compare human and animal cell permissiveness in vitro. Further investigations will help to understand the impact of different cell types of various origins on the virus-host interaction.
    背景与目标: : 克里米亚-刚果出血发热病毒 (CCHFV) 引起致命的tick传播的人畜共患病,在人类中具有严重的临床表现,但在野生或家畜中不会产生症状性疾病。尚未了解导致物种之间感染结果差异的因素。由于已知CCHFV对肾脏组织具有嗜性,并且牛作为CCHFV的扩增宿主起着重要作用,因此在这项研究中,我们评估了人类和牛起源的永生化和原发性肾脏和肾上腺细胞系对CCHFV感染的体外细胞敏感性。基于我们的间接荧光聚焦测定 (IFFA),我们建议在牛肾细胞中而不是在人细胞中进行细胞间CCHF病毒传播过程。在感染后 (dpi) 的七天内,在胰岛样区域发现了受感染的牛肾细胞。相反,在彼此远离的区域中观察到三个dpi感染的人肾脏或肾上腺细胞,但进展到单层的100% 感染。通过定量实时rt-pcr (qRT-PCR) 对细胞内和细胞外病毒RNA进行测量,仅在人肾细胞中记录了明显的CCHFV复制,支持牛来源细胞中的限制性感染。为了进一步研究差异,在所有提到的细胞的不同时间点测量了乳酸脱氢酶活性和细胞病变作用。体外测定表明,CCHFV感染对人和牛肾细胞的影响不同,而人细胞系似乎明显允许。这是牛细胞中CCHFV敏感性和复制模式的初步报道,也是首次比较体外人类和动物细胞许可性的报道。进一步的研究将有助于了解不同来源的不同细胞类型对病毒-宿主相互作用的影响。
  • 【克里米亚-刚果出血发热病毒在鸡胚中的感染和传播。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2013.01.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Xia H,Zhao J,Li Y,Yin S,Tang S,Zhang Z,Yu J,Kou Z,Fan Z,Li T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The embryonated chicken egg (ECE) provides a convenient, space-saving incubator for the cultivation of many kinds of animal viruses where the egg can be easily observed for viral replication throughout the development of the chicken embryo. Within the family Bunyaviridae, the embryonated egg has been used as a host system for many viruses such as Rift Valley fever virus and Akabane virus. The current study was conducted to determine the cultivation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ECE. Four-day-old eggs were infected with CCHFV via the yolk sac route and harvested embryonic tissues and amino-allantoic fluid (AAF) that were used for virus passage and viral RNA (vRNA) detection. Quantification of vRNA copies was performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our study indicated that CCHFV caused the death of the embryonated egg in a dose-dependent manner and the 50% egg infectious dose (EID50) was determined to be 6.47×10(5) copies/egg. CCHFV replicated and passaged well in the egg and high viral loads were detected both in embryonic tissue (10(9-10) copies/g) and AAF (10(7-9) copies/ml) of the embryonated egg. Thus, ECE could be used for viral cultivation and preservation, and as a potential host infection model for the study of the pathogenesis of CCHFV.
    背景与目标: : 胚胎鸡蛋 (ECE) 为培养多种动物病毒提供了方便,节省空间的培养箱,在整个鸡胚发育过程中,鸡蛋可以很容易地观察到病毒复制。在Bunyaviridae家族中,胚胎卵已被用作许多病毒的宿主系统,例如裂谷发热病毒和赤羽病毒。目前的研究是为了确定欧洲经委会中克里米亚-刚果出血发热病毒 (CCHFV) 的培养。四天大的卵通过卵黄囊途径感染了CCHFV,并收获了用于病毒传代和病毒RNA (vRNA) 检测的胚胎组织和氨基尿囊液 (AAF)。通过定量逆转录聚合酶链反应 (qRT-PCR) 进行vRNA拷贝的定量。我们的研究表明,CCHFV以剂量依赖性方式导致胚胎卵死亡,50% 卵感染剂量 (EID50) 被确定为6.47 × 10(5) 个拷贝/卵。CCHFV在卵中复制和传代良好,并且在胚胎组织 (10(9-10) 拷贝/g) 和AAF (10(7-9) 拷贝/ml) 中均检测到高病毒载量。因此,ECE可用于病毒的培养和保存,并可作为研究CCHFV发病机理的潜在宿主感染模型。
  • 【摩洛哥候鸟蜱中的克里米亚-刚果出血发热病毒。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3201/eid1902.121193 复制DOI
    作者列表:Palomar AM,Portillo A,Santibáñez P,Mazuelas D,Arizaga J,Crespo A,Gutiérrez Ó,Cuadrado JF,Oteo JA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus was detected in ticks removed from migratory birds in Morocco. This finding demonstrates the circulation of this virus in northwestern Africa and supports the hypothesis that the virus can be introduced into Europe by infected ticks transported from Africa by migratory birds.
    背景与目标: : 在摩洛哥从候鸟身上取出的蜱中检测到克里米亚-刚果出血发热病毒。这一发现证明了这种病毒在非洲西北部的传播,并支持了这种病毒可以通过候鸟从非洲运来的感染蜱引入欧洲的假说。
  • 【刚果民主共和国金沙萨针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病青年采取循证积极预防干预措施的可行性分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1521/aeap.2013.25.2.135 复制DOI
    作者列表:Parker L,Maman S,Pettifor A,Chalachala JL,Edmonds A,Golin CE,Moracco K,Behets F,Sympa Study Team
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We evaluated the feasibility of a Positive Prevention intervention adapted for youth living with HIV/AIDS (YLWH) ages 15-24 in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with intervention facilitators and YLWH participants on the following four areas of a feasibility framework: acceptability, implementation, adaptation, and limited-efficacy. The adapted intervention was suitable, satisfying, and attractive to program facilitators and participants and able to be implemented effectively. It performed well with a new population and showed preliminary efficacy. However, we identified certain aspects of the intervention that must be addressed prior to wider implementation such as: (1) including more content on navigating marriage while living with HIV and disclosure; (2) adjusting intervention timing and session length; and (3) simplifying the more complicated content. An adapted evidencebased intervention was found to be feasible and lessons learned can be applied to YLWH in other low-resource settings.
    背景与目标: : 我们评估了在刚果民主共和国金沙萨针对15-24岁的艾滋病毒/艾滋病青年 (YLWH) 采取积极预防干预措施的可行性。我们与干预促进者和YLWH参与者就可行性框架的以下四个领域进行了深入访谈和焦点小组讨论: 可接受性,实施性,适应性和有限功效。经过调整的干预措施适合,令人满意,并且对计划促进者和参与者具有吸引力,并且能够有效实施。它在新人群中表现良好,并显示出初步疗效。但是,我们确定了在更广泛实施之前必须解决的干预措施的某些方面,例如 :( 1) 包括更多有关艾滋病毒感染者和披露的婚姻导航的内容; (2) 调整干预时间和会话长度; (3) 简化更复杂的内容。发现经过调整的基于证据的干预是可行的,并且可以将经验教训应用于其他低资源环境中的YLWH。
  • 【在干凝胶的开发中使用藻类生物精炼废料和废旧办公用纸: 一种低成本且生态友好的生物吸附剂,可从水溶液中有效去除刚果红和Fe (II)。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110380 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fawzy MA,Gomaa M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present study investigated the use of algae biorefinery waste and wastepaper in the preparation of cost-effective and eco-friendly xerogels for the removal of congo red (CR) and Fe2+. The xerogel properties such as density, swelling degree and porosity were modified by incorporating alginate extracted from the brown seaweed Cystoseira trinodis. The developed biosorbents exhibited a light and porous network structure and were characterized by a fast uptake of CR and Fe2+ and adsorption efficiency was increased at pH 6-8. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was found to be 6.20-7.28 mg CR g-1 biosorbent and 8.08-8.39 mg Fe2+ g-1 biosorbent using different xerogels. The adsorption of CR obeyed first-order kinetics, while, Fe2+ followed second-order kinetics. Intraparticle diffusion model suggested a boundary layer effect. The adsorption capacity was maximally obtained as 41.15 mg g-1 and 169.49 mg g-1 for CR and Fe2+ using wastepaper/Spirulina and wastepaper/alginate/Spirulina xerogel, respectively. Temkin isotherm fitted better to the equilibrium data of CR adsorption than Langmuir and Freundlich models. While, equilibrium data of Fe2+ exhibited a best fit to both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Additionally, the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm suggested that adsorption mechanism of CR or Fe2+ is predominately physisorption. Investigation of thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH° and ΔS° and ΔG° confirmed the feasibility, spontaneity, randomness and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Electrostatic attraction, H-bonding and n-π interactions were mainly involved in the biosorption process of CR. The results of this study showed that the developed xerogels could be effectively applied for dye and heavy metal removal at low concentrations.
    背景与目标: : 本研究调查了藻类生物精炼废料和废纸在制备具有成本效益且生态友好的干凝胶以去除刚果红 (CR) 和Fe2中的用途。通过掺入从棕色海藻Cystoseira trinodis中提取的藻酸盐,可以改变干凝胶的性质,例如密度,溶胀度和孔隙率。所开发的生物吸附剂表现出光和多孔网络结构,其特征在于CR和Fe2的快速吸收,并且在pH 6-8时吸附效率提高。使用不同的干凝胶,发现平衡吸附量为6.20-7.28 mg CR g-1生物吸附剂和8.08-8.39 mg Fe2 g-1生物吸附剂。CR的吸附服从一级动力学,而Fe2遵循二级动力学。体内扩散模型表明存在边界层效应。分别使用废纸/螺旋藻和废纸/藻酸盐/螺旋藻干凝胶,以41.15 mg g-1和169.49 mg g-1获得最大的吸附容量。Temkin等温线比Langmuir和Freundlich模型更适合CR吸附的平衡数据。同时,Fe2的平衡数据最适合Langmuir和Freundlich模型。此外,Dubinin-Radushkevich等温线表明CR或Fe2的吸附机理主要是物理吸附。对热力学参数 (例如 Δ h °,Δ s ° 和 Δ g °) 的研究证实了吸附过程的可行性,自发性,随机性和吸热性质。静电吸引,H键和n-π 相互作用主要参与CR的生物吸附过程。这项研究的结果表明,开发的干凝胶可以在低浓度下有效地用于去除染料和重金属。
  • 【SCUBE1水平在克里米亚-刚果出血发热中的诊断和预后意义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.03.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Menteşe A,Yilmaz G,Sümer A,Arslan M,Karahan SC,Köksal I
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The new biochemical marker, signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1), is secreted and cell surface glycoprotein expressed during early embryogenesis. The protein is found in platelet and endothelial cells. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), which is caused by a tick-borne virus belonging to the Bunyaviridae family, may present with a mild clinical course or may exhibit a severe profile with potentially fatal hemorrhaging. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of SCUBE1 levels in CCHF. METHODS:This study was conducted with patients with CCHF. SCUBE1 levels in patients with CCHF were determined using an ELISA. RESULTS:SCUBE1 titers of CCHF patients were significantly higher compared to those of the control group (p=0.0001). SCUBE1 levels of patients with hemorrhage were significantly higher than those of patients without hemorrhage (p=0.0001). SCUBE1 values of patients who died were significantly higher than those of the survivors (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS:SCUBE1 levels are a new biomarker that can be used in the differential diagnosis and monitoring of patients hospitalized with suspected CCHF. These levels are also significant as potential predictors of mortality.
    背景与目标:
  • 【用刚果红组织化学染色定量脑淀粉样血管病和实质淀粉样斑块。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/nprot.2006.277 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wilcock DM,Gordon MN,Morgan D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the current protocol, we describe the Congo red staining method and a method for separately quantifying vascular and parenchymal amyloid deposits in brain tissue sections. Congo red staining detects amyloid deposits in brain tissue of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice and human Alzheimer's tissue. It detects compacted amyloid in a beta-sheet secondary structure and labels amyloid in both the brain parenchyma (amyloid plaques) and blood vessels. Congophilic amyloid in blood vessels is called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). To date, analysis of CAA has largely used a severity rating scale, including both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Here, we describe a simple method for quantifying total Congophilic staining and resolution of this staining into the parenchymal and vascular components based on morphological criteria. It is becoming increasingly important to separately quantify various components of the Alzheimer's pathology, given the advancement of amyloid-lowering therapies into clinical trials. The entire procedure for the Congo red staining can be performed at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) in a fume hood. The staining protocol should take 1 h 30 min including time for coverslipping slides. Time required for image analysis depends greatly on the number of samples being analyzed and the software being used. In our hands, 30 images can be collected per hour and quantified in a further 2 h.
    背景与目标: : 在当前方案中,我们描述了刚果红染色方法以及一种用于分别定量脑组织切片中血管和实质淀粉样蛋白沉积物的方法。刚果红染色检测淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白转基因小鼠和人类阿尔茨海默氏症组织的脑组织中的淀粉样蛋白沉积。它在 β-sheet二级结构中检测压实的淀粉样蛋白,并在脑实质 (淀粉样斑块) 和血管中标记淀粉样蛋白。血管中的嗜血淀粉样蛋白被称为脑淀粉样血管病 (CAA)。迄今为止,对CAA的分析主要使用了严重性等级量表,包括定性和定量特征。在这里,我们描述了一种基于形态学标准的定量总嗜血染色和将该染色拆分为实质和血管成分的简单方法。鉴于降低淀粉样蛋白疗法已进入临床试验,单独量化阿尔茨海默氏病病理学的各个组成部分变得越来越重要。刚果红染色的整个过程可以在室温 (20-25 ℃) 在通风橱中进行。染色方案应花费1小时30分钟,包括盖玻片的时间。图像分析所需的时间在很大程度上取决于所分析的样本数量和所使用的软件。在我们的手中,每小时可以收集30张图像,并在2小时内进行量化。

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