• 【研究注册和方案在整形外科研究中的应用: 系统评价。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.035 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pidgeon TE,Limb C,Agha RA,Whitehurst K,Chandrakumar C,Wellstead G,Fowler AJ,Orgill DP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:In 2013, the Declaration of Helsinki changed to mandate that all research studies involving human subjects, rather than just clinical trials alone, must have a protocol registered in a publicly accessible database prior to the enrolment of the first patient. The objective of this work was to assess the number of research studies involving human participants published in leading journals of plastic surgery that had either published a protocol or registered a protocol with a publicly accessible database. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This systematic review examined all research articles involving human participants published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and The Annals of Plastic Surgery from 1st April 2014-31st March 2015. The primary outcome measure was whether each study had either published or registered a protocol with any mainstream registry database. ClinicalTrials.gov, the International Standard Randomized Control Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry, the WHO (World Health Organisation) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, The Cochrane Collaboration, the Research Registry, PROSPERO and PubMed were all reviewed. RESULTS:Of 595 included articles, the most common study designs were case series (n = 185, 31.1%). There were 24 randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 4.0%). A total of 24 studies had a protocol registered (4.0%). The most common database to register a protocol was with ClinicalTrials.gov (n = 17). The study design that most commonly had a registered protocol was the RCT (n = 8 of 24, 33.3% of RCTs). Three studies published a protocol in a journal (0.6%). CONCLUSION:Publication or registration of protocols for recent studies involving human participants in major plastic surgery journals is low. There is considerable scope to improve this and guidance is provided.
    背景与目标:
  • 【通过实践整合行动和大小感知。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0301006617715378 复制DOI
    作者列表:Coutte A,Camus T,Heurley L,Brouillet D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Size perception is known to influence our usual interactions with environment. Numerous studies highlighted that during the visual presentation of an object, the properties of manual actions vary as a function of this object's size. In order to better understand the dynamic variations of relationships between size perception and action, we used an experimental paradigm consisting in two phases. During a previous implicit learning phase, a manual response (right or left) was specifically associated with the appearance of a large or small stimulus. During further test phase, participants were required to prepare a response while discriminating the color of a stimulus (GO/No GO task). We observed that the response execution was faster when the size of the stimulus was congruent with the size that had been associated to this response (during implicit learning phase). These results suggest that when a response usually co-occurs with visual stimuli characterized by a specific size pattern, the response and the size pattern become integrated. Any subsequent preparation and execution of this action are therefore influenced by the reactivation of this visual pattern. This result brings out new insights on how sensorimotor interactions may modulate the ability to anticipate perceptive size variations in the environment.
    背景与目标: : 众所周知,大小感知会影响我们通常与环境的互动。大量研究强调,在对象的视觉呈现过程中,手动动作的属性随对象大小的变化而变化。为了更好地理解大小感知和动作之间关系的动态变化,我们使用了一个由两个阶段组成的实验范例。在先前的内隐学习阶段,手动响应 (右或左) 与大或小刺激的出现特别相关。在进一步的测试阶段,要求参与者在区分刺激颜色的同时准备响应 (GO/No GO任务)。我们观察到,当刺激的大小与与该响应相关的大小一致时 (在隐式学习阶段),响应执行更快。这些结果表明,当响应通常与以特定大小模式为特征的视觉刺激同时发生时,响应和大小模式将成为一体。因此,此操作的任何后续准备和执行都受到此视觉模式重新激活的影响。该结果为感觉运动相互作用如何调节预测环境中感知大小变化的能力带来了新的见解。
  • 【加强利益相关者参与的研究和利益相关者参与的研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2217/cer-2016-0096 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ray KN,Miller E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Stakeholder engagement is an emerging field with little evidence to inform best practices. Guidelines are needed to improve the quality of research on stakeholder engagement through more intentional planning, evaluation and reporting. We developed a preliminary framework for planning, evaluating and reporting stakeholder engagement, informed by published conceptual models and recommendations and then refined through our own stakeholder engagement experience. Our proposed exploratory framework highlights contexts and processes to be addressed in planning stakeholder engagement, and potential immediate, intermediate and long-term outcomes that warrant evaluation. We use this framework to illustrate both the minimum information needed for reporting stakeholder-engaged research and the comprehensive detail needed for reporting research on stakeholder engagement.
    背景与目标: : 利益相关者参与是一个新兴领域,几乎没有证据为最佳实践提供信息。需要通过更有意的计划,评估和报告来提高有关利益相关者参与的研究质量的准则。我们通过已发布的概念模型和建议为规划,评估和报告利益相关者参与制定了初步框架,然后通过我们自己的利益相关者参与经验进行了完善。我们提出的探索性框架强调了在规划利益相关者参与时要解决的背景和过程,以及需要评估的潜在的近期,中期和长期结果。我们使用此框架来说明报告利益相关者参与研究所需的最低信息,以及报告利益相关者参与研究所需的全面细节。
  • 【单绒毛膜和双绒毛膜双胎妊娠的早期胎儿丢失: 西南泰晤士河产科研究合作 (STORK) 多胎妊娠队列的分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/uog.12363 复制DOI
    作者列表:D'Antonio F,Khalil A,Dias T,Thilaganathan B,Southwest Thames Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK).
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:Monochorionic (MC) twins are at increased risk of early fetal loss secondary to vascular complications such as twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). This study compared the early perinatal loss rates between MC and dichorionic (DC) twins in an era of invasive treatment for TTTS. METHODS:This was a retrospective study of all twin pregnancies of known chorionicity from a large regional cohort of nine hospitals over a 10-year period. Ultrasound data were matched to hospital delivery records and to a mandatory national register of pregnancy losses. Prospective risk of pregnancy loss from 14 to 24 weeks' gestation was calculated and the survival trend of MC and DC twins was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS:The analysis included 3117 twin pregnancies (605 MC and 2512 DC). The total risk of early pregnancy loss (miscarriage and neonatal death) before 24 weeks was significantly higher in MC twins (60.3 per 1000 fetuses) than in DC twins (6.6 per 1000 fetuses), with a relative risk of 9.18 (95% CI, 6.0-13.9). Survival analysis showed a significant difference in overall and early mortality between MC and DC twins (log-rank test, P < 0.0001), while no difference was noted after 24 weeks' gestation (log-rank test, P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS:Early pregnancy loss is significantly more common in MC than in DC twins, but no difference in the prospective risk of mortality between MC and DC twins is evident after 24 weeks' gestation. The observed early mortality rate has almost halved in comparison with previous studies in the published literature. Early detection and prompt treatment of complications in MC twins are likely to have contributed to this improvement in outcome.
    背景与目标:
  • 【达法普利定的临床概述: 一种具有新作用机制的药物,可帮助治疗步态障碍。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.10.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Egeberg MD,Oh CY,Bainbridge JL
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Medication used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) can be categorized as disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic therapies, or treatment of acute exacerbations. Dalfampridine is the first symptomatic therapy approved by the Food and Drug Administration to improve walking in patients with MS. OBJECTIVE:This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacodynamic properties, and pharmacokinetic properties of dalfampridine, as well as its clinical efficacy, safety profile, pharmacoeconomic considerations, and place in therapy. METHODS:Three PubMed searches were conducted for original articles published in English between 1966 and August 2012 with human study participants. Articles concerning the pharmacology, pharmacokinetic properties, pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy, and safety profile of dalfampridine were evaluated. RESULTS:Dalfampridine theoretically works to improve conduction and enhance walking by inhibiting potassium channels in the axonal membrane and by prolonging action potentials in demyelinated neurons. The efficacy of dalfampridine has been reported in 2 Phase III clinical trials in patients with MS. When comparing dalfampridine 10 mg twice daily with placebo, these studies found a statistically significant improvement in walking (42.9% vs 9.3% and 35% vs 8%; P < 0.001). However, clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance have shown an increased risk of seizures with dalfampridine use that appears to be dose related [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS:Dalfampridine has a unique mechanism of action, leading to its approval as the first symptomatic therapy for MS to improve walking speed. The increased risk of seizures can be a safety concern and will require health care providers to be diligent in monitoring patients and to ensure adequate patient education [corrected]. The addition of dalfampridine as symptomatic therapy for MS may lead to additional novel products in the future.
    背景与目标:
  • 【开发用于临床和研究的血管胎记数据库的机会和障碍。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sharma VK,Fraulin FO,Harrop AR,McPhalen DF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Databases are useful tools in clinical settings. The authors review the benefits and challenges associated with the development and implementation of an efficient electronic database for the multidisciplinary Vascular Birthmark Clinic at the Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta. METHODS:The content and structure of the database were designed using the technical expertise of a data analyst from the Calgary Health Region. Relevant clinical and demographic data fields were included with the goal of documenting ongoing care of individual patients, and facilitating future epidemiological studies of this patient population. After completion of this database, 10 challenges encountered during development were retrospectively identified. Practical solutions for these challenges are presented. RESULTS:THE CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED DURING THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS INCLUDED: identification of relevant data fields; balancing simplicity and user-friendliness with complexity and comprehensive data storage; database expertise versus clinical expertise; software platform selection; linkage of data from the previous spreadsheet to a new data management system; ethics approval for the development of the database and its utilization for research studies; ensuring privacy and limited access to the database; integration of digital photographs into the database; adoption of the database by support staff in the clinic; and maintaining up-to-date entries in the database. CONCLUSIONS:There are several challenges involved in the development of a useful and efficient clinical database. Awareness of these potential obstacles, in advance, may simplify the development of clinical databases by others in various surgical settings.
    背景与目标:
  • 【基因研究和土著和托雷斯海峡岛民澳大利亚人。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11673-012-9391-x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kowal E,Pearson G,Rouhani L,Peacock CS,Jamieson SE,Blackwell JM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :While human genetic research promises to deliver a range of health benefits to the population, genetic research that takes place in Indigenous communities has proven controversial. Indigenous peoples have raised concerns, including a lack of benefit to their communities, a diversion of attention and resources from non-genetic causes of health disparities and racism in health care, a reinforcement of "victim-blaming" approaches to health inequalities, and possible misuse of blood and tissue samples. Drawing on the international literature, this article reviews the ethical issues relevant to genetic research in Indigenous populations and considers how some of these have been negotiated in a genomic research project currently under way in a remote Aboriginal community. We consider how the different levels of Indigenous research governance operating in Australia impacted on the research project and discuss whether specific guidelines for the conduct of genetic research in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are warranted.
    背景与目标: : 虽然人类基因研究有望为人们带来一系列健康益处,但事实证明,在土著社区进行的基因研究存在争议。土著人民提出了关切,包括缺乏对其社区的利益,将注意力和资源从健康差异的非遗传原因和卫生保健中的种族主义转移,加强对健康不平等的 “指责受害者” 方法,以及可能滥用血液和组织样本。本文借鉴国际文献,回顾了与土著居民遗传研究相关的伦理问题,并考虑了其中一些问题是如何在偏远土著社区目前正在进行的基因组研究项目中进行谈判的。我们考虑在澳大利亚运作的不同程度的土著研究治理如何影响该研究项目,并讨论是否有必要在土著和托雷斯海峡岛民社区进行基因研究的具体准则。
  • 【横桥作用在肌肉收缩中的x射线干扰研究: 来自快速释放的证据。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.08.075 复制DOI
    作者列表:Huxley H,Reconditi M,Stewart A,Irving T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We have used a high-resolution small angle X-ray scattering system, together with a high-performance CCD camera, on the BioCAT beamline at the APS synchrotron radiation facility at the Argonne National Laboratory, to study X-ray interference effects in the meridional reflections generated by the arrays of myosin crossbridges in contracting muscle. These give information about axial movements of the myosin heads during contraction with sub-nanometer resolution. Using whole intact muscle preparations (frog sartorius) we have been able to record the detailed behavior of M3 (the first order meridional reflection from the myosin crossbridges, at 14.56 nm) at each of a number of quick releases of increasing magnitude, on the same specimen, and at the same time make similar measurements on higher order myosin meridional reflections, particularly M6. The latter provides information about the dispersion of lever arm angles of the actin-attached myosin heads. The observations show that in isometric contraction the lever arm angles are dispersed through +/- 20-25 degrees on either side of a mean orientation that is about 60 degrees away from their orientation at the end of the working stroke: and that they move towards that orientation in synchronized fashion, with constant dispersion, during quick releases. The relationship between the shift in the interference fringes (which measures the shift of the myosin heads scattering mass towards the center of the sarcomere, and the changes in the total intensity of the reflections, which measures the changes in the axial profile of the heads, is consistent with the tilting lever arm mechanism of muscle contraction. Significant fixed contributions to the meridional reflections come from unattached myosin heads and from backbone components of the myosin filaments, and the interaction of these with the contributions from actin-attached myosin heads determines the behavior of these reflections.
    背景与目标: : 我们在阿贡国家实验室APS同步加速器辐射设施的BioCAT束线上使用了高分辨率小角度x射线散射系统以及高性能CCD相机,研究收缩肌肉中肌球蛋白交叉桥阵列产生的子午反射中的x射线干扰效应。这些以亚纳米分辨率提供了有关收缩过程中肌球蛋白头部轴向运动的信息。使用完整的完整肌肉制剂 (frog sartorius),我们已经能够记录M3的详细行为 (肌球蛋白横桥的一阶子午反射,在14.56 nm处),在相同的标本上,同时对高阶肌球蛋白子午反射,特别是m6进行类似的测量。后者提供了有关肌动蛋白附着的肌球蛋白头的杠杆臂角度分散的信息。观察结果表明,在等距收缩中,杠杆臂角在平均方向的两侧分散了20-25度,该方向在工作行程结束时与它们的方向相距约60度: 并且它们以同步方式向该方向移动,并具有恒定的色散,在快速释放期间。干涉条纹的位移 (测量肌球蛋白头部散射质量向肌节中心的位移) 与反射总强度的变化 (测量头部轴向轮廓的变化) 之间的关系,与肌肉收缩的倾斜杠杆臂机制一致。对子午反射的显着固定贡献来自未附着的肌球蛋白头和肌球蛋白细丝的骨干成分,而这些与肌动蛋白附着的肌球蛋白头的贡献的相互作用决定了这些反射的行为。
  • 【总状花序中的花状末端结构: 形态发生和进化研究的工具。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/jxb/erl126 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sokoloff D,Rudall PJ,Remizowa M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Terminal flower-like structures (TFLS) occur in many angiosperms that possess indeterminate inflorescences such as spikes, racemes, or spadices. We describe and review TFLS in early-divergent angiosperms, especially the magnoliid order Piperales and the monocot order Alismatales, in which floral interpretation is controversial. Essentially similar TFLS occur in a wide range of taxa. Among magnoliids, they occur in some Piperales (Saururaceae and a few Piperaceae), but are absent from Chloranthaceae. Among monocots, they occur in some early-divergent families such as Acoraceae, Aponogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Potamogetonaceae, and Ruppiaceae. Similar TFLS with obscure organ identity are recorded in mutants of Arabidopsis. TFLS can often be interpreted as pseudanthia (close aggregations of reduced flowers), but in some cases the entire terminal pseudanthium is very similar to a true flower. In some cases, elaborated TFLS could therefore have given rise to what are normally termed 'true' (i.e. euanthial) flowers. Data presented here on terminal pseudanthia in Potamogeton and Ruppia support a pseudanthial evolutionary origin of reproductive units in the alismatid families Zannichelliaceae and Cymodoceaceae. Furthermore, in some alismatid species, either the entire inflorescence apex or an individual primordium at or near the inflorescence tip can be transformed into a filamentous or tubular (or intermediate) structure. A tubular structure enclosing stamens and carpels is described in Piper. This indicates that pseudanthium formation can provoke morphological novelties, perhaps due to new patterns of overlap between expression zones of regulatory genes and/or new spatial constraints.
    背景与目标: : 末端花状结构 (tfl) 出现在许多被子植物中,这些被子植物具有不确定的花序,例如穗状花序,总状花序或穗状花序。我们描述并审查了早期发散的被子植物中的tfl,尤其是木兰状的Piperales和单子叶植物的Alismatales,其中的花卉解释是有争议的。基本上相似的tfl出现在广泛的分类单元中。在木兰属植物中,它们出现在某些胡椒中 (Saururaceae和一些胡椒科),但在金黄科中却没有。在单子叶植物中,它们出现在一些早期发散的家族中,例如橡果科,木瓜科,木瓜科,木瓜科和Ruppiaceae。在拟南芥的突变体中记录了具有模糊器官身份的类似tfl。Tfl通常可以解释为假单胞菌 (减少的花朵的紧密聚集),但在某些情况下,整个终端假单胞菌与真正的花朵非常相似。因此,在某些情况下,精心制作的tfl可能会产生通常称为 “真” (即euanthial) 的花朵。此处提供的有关Potamogeton和Ruppia的末端假单胞菌的数据支持了泽泻科Zannichelliaceae和Cymodoceaceae中生殖单位的假单胞菌进化起源。此外,在某些泽泻物种中,整个花序先端或花序尖端处或附近的单个原基可以转化为丝状或管状 (或中间) 结构。Piper中描述了包围雄蕊和心皮的管状结构。这表明假单胞菌的形成可能会引起形态上的新颖性,这可能是由于调控基因表达区之间的新重叠模式和/或新的空间限制所致。
  • 【滴答控制: 对研究议程的进一步思考。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2006.09.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sonenshine DE,Kocan KM,de la Fuente J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Tick control is a subject that has stimulated intense interest for more than a century. This article is a commentary on the research needs for tick control proposed in Peter Willadsen's recent article and it calls attention to tick control strategies that were either poorly represented or omitted from the latter. Special consideration is given to host-targeted devices to control disease vector ticks infesting wildlife, to pheromone-impregnated decoys for attracting and killing ticks in the natural environment and on hosts, and to more up-to-date advances in vaccine development.
    背景与目标: : Tick控制是一个多世纪以来激发人们强烈兴趣的主题。本文是对Peter Willadsen最近的文章中提出的tick控制的研究需求的评论,它引起了人们对tick控制策略的关注,这些策略在后者中表现不佳或被省略。特别考虑了以宿主为目标的装置,以控制感染野生动物的病媒蜱,在自然环境和宿主上吸引和杀死蜱的信息素浸渍诱饵,以及疫苗开发的最新进展。
  • 【在网络上进行研究: 生物信息学链接目录的2007更新。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/nar/gkm459 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fox JA,McMillan S,Ouellette BF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Bioinformatics Links Directory, http://bioinformatics.ca/links_directory, is an actively maintained compilation of servers published in this and previous issues of Nucleic Acids Research issues together with many other useful tools, databases and resources for life sciences research. The 2007 update includes the 130 websites highlighted in the July 2007 Web Server issue of Nucleic Acids Research and brings the total number of servers listed in the Bioinformatics Links Directory to just under 1200 links. In addition to the updated content, the 2007 update of the Bioinformatics Links Directory includes new features for improved navigation, accessibility and open data exchange. A complete listing of all links listed in this Nucleic Acids Research 2007 Web Server issue can be accessed online at, http://bioinformatics.ca/links_directory/narweb2007. The 2007 update of the Bioinformatics Links Directory, which includes the Web Server list and summaries is also available online, at the Nucleic Acids Research web site, http://nar.oupjournals.org.
    背景与目标: : 生物信息学链接目录,http://bioinformatics.ca/links_directory,是一个积极维护的服务器汇编,该服务器在本期和以前的《核酸研究问题》中发表,以及许多其他有用的工具,数据库和生命科学研究资源。2007更新包括在核酸研究的2007年7月网络服务器问题中突出显示的130个网站,并使生物信息学链接目录中列出的服务器总数不到1200个链接。除了更新的内容外,生物信息学链接目录的2007更新还包括用于改进导航,可访问性和开放数据交换的新功能。可以通过http://bioinformatics.ca/links_directory/narweb2007在线访问此核酸研究2007 Web服务器问题中列出的所有链接的完整列表。生物信息学链接目录 (包括Web服务器列表和摘要) 的2007更新也可在http://nar.oupjournals.org的核酸研究网站上在线获得。
  • 【NIDCR R25赠款支持对研究型非密集型牙科学校的课程和文化的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/154405910708600701 复制DOI
    作者列表:Iacopino AM,Pryor ME,Taft TB,Lynch DP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Our objective was to evaluate changes in curriculum and culture within a research non-intensive dental school after implementation of programs supported by the NIH-NIDCR R25 Oral Health Research Curriculum Grant. We designed new curricular elements to foster an appreciation of research/discovery, an interest in academic/research careers, and application of biomedical/clinical advances to patient care. Funding was utilized to develop, implement, and assess a dedicated curricular track of continuous student research/scholarly activity throughout the four years of dental education. This track represented mandatory hours of didactic time exposing students to topics not traditionally included in dental curricula. Additionally, students were provided with customized flexible schedules to participate in elective "hands-on" mentored research/scholarly experiences at local, national, and international sites, including linkages to certificate, MS, and PhD programs. Funding was also used to support a wide array of faculty development activities that provided skill sets required to deliver integrated biomedical/clinical content, research-oriented evidence-based approaches to dental education, and translational case-based teaching methods emphasizing the application of new science/technologies to patient care. We measured changes in student, faculty, and institutional profiles/attitudes using traditional benchmarks, surveys, and focus groups. Comparisons were made between baseline data prior to R25 program initiation and data collected after years 3-4 of program implementation. Significant increases were demonstrated in: (1) student participation in research/scholarship, attendance at national meetings, research awards, publication of manuscripts, pursuit of advanced training/degrees, and expressions of interest in academic/research careers; (2) faculty participation in development activities, publication of manuscripts, and mentoring of students; and (3) increased institutional credibility within the university, supportive infrastructure for research/scholarship, and cultural expectations for academic excellence. Thus, we believe that the R25 programming changed the culture of our dental school, creating a supportive environment for research/scholarship, increasing academic productivity, and altering the attitudes of faculty/students.
    背景与目标: : 我们的目标是在实施nih-nidcr R25口腔健康研究课程补助金支持的计划后,评估非密集型牙科学校课程和文化的变化。我们设计了新的课程元素,以促进对研究/发现的欣赏,对学术/研究职业的兴趣以及将生物医学/临床进展应用于患者护理。在整个牙科教育的四年中,资金用于开发,实施和评估持续的学生研究/学术活动的专用课程。此曲目代表了强制性的教学时间,使学生接触传统上不包括在牙科课程中的主题。此外,还为学生提供了定制的灵活时间表,以参加在本地,国家和国际站点上进行的选修 “动手” 指导的研究/学术经验,包括与证书,MS和博士学位课程的联系。资金还用于支持广泛的教师发展活动,这些活动提供了提供综合生物医学/临床内容所需的技能,以研究为基础的基于证据的牙科教育方法以及强调应用新的案例的基于案例的教学方法。科学/技术用于患者护理。我们使用传统的基准,调查和焦点小组来衡量学生,教师和机构概况/态度的变化。比较了R25计划启动前的基线数据和计划实施3-4年后收集的数据。显着增加的表现是 :( 1) 学生参与研究/奖学金,参加国家会议,研究奖,手稿的出版,追求高级培训/学位以及对学术/研究职业的兴趣表达; (2) 教师参与发展活动,手稿的出版,和指导学生; (3) 提高大学内部的机构信誉,支持研究/奖学金的基础设施以及对学术卓越的文化期望。因此,我们认为,R25编程改变了我们牙科学校的文化,为研究/奖学金创造了支持环境,提高了学术生产力,并改变了教师/学生的态度。
  • 【脂肪酸氢过氧化物对解脂酵母的毒性: 其膜流化作用的含义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.05.016 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tran Thanh H,Beney L,Simonin H,Nguyen TX,Gervais P,Belin JM,Husson F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Linoleic acid hydroperoxide (HPOD), substrate of hydroperoxide lyase, an enzyme of the lipoxygenase pathway, can be transformed into many aromatic compounds, the so-called "green notes". The presence of linoleic acid hydroperoxide in the culture medium of Yarrowia lipolytica, the yeast expressing the cloned hydroperoxide lyase of green bell pepper, undoubtedly exerted an inhibition on the growth and a toxic effect with 90% of yeast cells died after 120 min of exposition in 100 mM HPOD solution. The increase in cell membrane fluidity evaluated by measuring fluorescence generalized polarization with the increasing concentration of HPOD in the medium confirmed the fluidizing action of HPOD on yeast membrane. In addition, we determined by infrared spectroscopy measurement that this compound rapidly diffused into model phospholipids [1, 2-Dimyristoyl-D54-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC-D54)] bilayer, modifying their general physical state and their phase transition. In the presence of various concentrations of HPOD, the phase transition of DMPC-D54 occurred with an increase of both the corresponding wave number shift and the temperature range but the phase transition temperature was not modified. These results show that the toxic effects of HPOD on the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica may be initially linked to a strong interaction of this compound with the cell membrane phospholipids and components.
    背景与目标: : 亚油酸氢过氧化物 (HPOD),氢过氧化物裂解酶的底物,脂氧合酶途径的一种酶,可以转化为许多芳香族化合物,即所谓的 “绿色笔记”。表达青椒克隆的氢过氧化物裂解酶的酵母解脂酵母的培养基中存在亚油酸氢过氧化物,无疑对生长产生了抑制作用,并且在100 mM HPOD溶液中暴露120分钟后,酵母细胞90% 死亡。通过测量荧光广义极化评估的细胞膜流动性随培养基中HPOD浓度的增加而增加,证实了HPOD对酵母膜的流化作用。此外,我们通过红外光谱测量确定该化合物迅速扩散到模型磷脂 [1,2-Dimyristoyl-D54-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC-D54)] 双层中,从而改变了它们的一般物理状态和它们的相变。在存在各种浓度的HPOD的情况下,DMPC-D54的相变随着相应的波数偏移和温度范围的增加而发生,但相变温度没有改变。这些结果表明,HPOD对酵母解脂酵母的毒性作用最初可能与该化合物与细胞膜磷脂和组分的强相互作用有关。
  • 【将性别维度纳入食物过敏研究: 综述。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01181.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:DunnGalvin A,Hourihane JO,Frewer L,Knibb RC,Oude Elberink JN,Klinge I
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Sex and gender are the major determinants of health and disease in both men and women. The aim of this review paper was to examine differences in gender and sex in relation to the prevalence and effects of food allergy. There are still major gaps in our knowledge about the kinds of processes which shape men's and women's perceptions and experiences of food allergy. The expression and experience of health and illness may be moderated by variables such as biological vulnerability, exposure to health risks, perception of symptoms, evaluation of risk, information processing and role expectations. This review highlights the complex links between biological sex, gender, and health in general and offers a synthesis of how these may interact to produce sex and gender differences in biopsychosocial manifestations of food allergy. Implications for research and public health practice are discussed.
    背景与目标: : 性别和性别是男女健康和疾病的主要决定因素。本文的目的是研究与食物过敏的患病率和影响有关的性别和性别差异。我们对塑造男人和女人对食物过敏的看法和经历的过程的了解仍然存在重大差距。健康和疾病的表达和经历可以通过诸如生物脆弱性,暴露于健康风险,对症状的感知,风险评估,信息处理和角色期望等变量来调节。这篇综述强调了生物性别,性别和健康之间的复杂联系,并提供了有关它们如何相互作用以在食物过敏的生物心理社会表现中产生性别和性别差异的综合。讨论了对研究和公共卫生实践的影响。
  • 【从grantii Synadenium乳胶中纯化和鉴定34 kDa的热稳定糖蛋白: 对人纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白凝块的作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2006.06.007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rajesh R,Nataraju A,Gowda CD,Frey BM,Frey FJ,Vishwanath BS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Latex glycoprotein (LGP) from Synadenium grantii latex was purified by the combination of heat precipitation and gel permeation chromatography. LGP is a heat stable protein even at 80 degrees C showed a sharp single band both in SDS-PAGE as well as in native (acidic) PAGE. LGP is a monomeric protein appears as single band under reducing condition. It is a less hydrophobic protein showed sharp single peak in RP-HPLC with retention time of 13.3 m. The relative molecular mass of LGP is 34.4 kDa. CD spectrum of LGP explains less content of alpha-helix (7%), and high content of beta-pleated sheets (48%) and random coils (46%). The N-terminal sequence of LGP is D-F-P-S-D-W-Y-A-Y-E-G-Y-V-I-D-R-P-F-S. Purified LGP is a fibrinogen degrading protease hydrolyses all the three subunits in the order of Aalpha, Bbeta and gamma. The hydrolytic pattern is totally different from plasmin as well as thrombin. LGP reduces recalcification time from 165 to 30 s with citrated human plasma but did not show thrombin like as well as factor Xa-like activity. Although LGP induces procoagulant activity, it hydrolyses partially cross-linked fibrin clot. It hydrolyses all the subunits of partially cross-linked fibrin clot (alpha- chains, beta-chain and gamma-gamma dimer). LGP is a serine protease, inhibited by PMSF. Other serine protease inhibitors, aprotinin and leupeptin did not inhibit the caseinolytic activity as well as fibrinogenolytic activity. We report purification and characterization of a glycoprotein from Synadenium grantii latex with human fibrino(geno)lytic activity.
    背景与目标: : 通过热沉淀和凝胶渗透色谱的组合纯化来自grantii Synadenium乳胶的胶乳糖蛋白 (LGP)。LGP是一种热稳定的蛋白质,即使在80摄氏度下,在sdd-page和天然 (酸性) PAGE中都显示出尖锐的单带。LGP是一种单体蛋白,在还原条件下表现为单带。它是一种疏水性较低的蛋白质,在rp-hplc中显示出尖锐的单峰,保留时间为13.3 m。LGP的相对分子质量为34.4 kDa。LGP的CD光谱解释了较少的 α-螺旋含量 (7%),以及较高的 β-褶皱片材 (48%) 和随机线圈 (46%) 的含量。LGP的N端序列为D-F-P-S-D-W-Y-A-Y-E-G-V-I-D-R-P-F-S。纯化的LGP是一种纤维蛋白原降解蛋白酶,按Aalpha,Bbeta和 γ 的顺序水解所有三个亚基。水解模式与纤溶酶和凝血酶完全不同。LGP将柠檬酸人血浆的再钙化时间从165减少到30 s,但没有显示出类似凝血酶以及类似因子Xa的活性。尽管LGP诱导促凝活性,但它会水解部分交联的纤维蛋白凝块。它水解部分交联的纤维蛋白凝块的所有亚基 (α 链,β 链和 γ-γ 二聚体)。LGP是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶,被PMSF抑制。其他丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,抑肽酶和亮普汀不抑制酪蛋白溶解活性和纤维蛋白原溶解活性。我们报告了具有人类纤维 (geno) 裂解活性的grantii Synadenium乳胶糖蛋白的纯化和表征。

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