BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:Chlorophyll a fluorescence rise caused by illumination of photosynthetic samples by high intensity of exciting light, the O-J-I-P (O-I1-I2-P) transient, is reviewed here. First, basic information about chlorophyll a fluorescence is given, followed by a description of instrumental set-ups, nomenclature of the transient, and samples used for the measurements. The review mainly focuses on the explanation of particular steps of the transient based on experimental and theoretical results, published since a last review on chlorophyll a fluorescence induction [Lazár D (1999) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1412, 1-28]. In addition to 'old' concepts (e.g. changes in redox states of electron acceptors of photosystem II (PSII), effect of the donor side of PSII, fluorescence quenching by oxidised plastoquinone pool), 'new' approaches (e.g. electric voltage across thylakoid membranes, electron transport through the inactive branch in PSII, recombinations between PSII electron acceptors and donors, electron transport reactions after PSII, light gradient within the sample) are reviewed. The K-step, usually detected after a high-temperature stress, and other steps appearing in the transient (the H and G steps) are also discussed. Finally, some applications of the transient are also mentioned.
背景与目标:
: 叶绿素a荧光升高是由高强度的激发光 (o-j-i-P (O-I1-I2-P) 瞬态) 照射光合作用样品引起的。首先,给出有关叶绿素a荧光的基本信息,然后描述仪器设置,瞬态术语以及用于测量的样品。该评论主要侧重于基于实验和理论结果的瞬态的特定步骤的解释,该实验和理论结果自上次对叶绿素a荧光诱导 [laz á r D (1999) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1412,1-28] 以来发表。除了 “旧” 概念 (例如光系统II (PSII) 的电子受体的氧化还原状态的变化,PSII的供体侧的影响,氧化的质体醌池的荧光猝灭),“新” 方法 (例如跨类囊体膜的电压,通过PSII中的非活性分支的电子传输,PSII电子受体和供体之间的重组,PSII后的电子传输反应,样品中的光梯度) 进行了综述。还讨论了通常在高温应力后检测到的K步以及瞬态中出现的其他步骤 (H和G步)。最后,还提到了瞬态的一些应用。