• 【沙眼衣原体C的主要外膜蛋白的免疫可及肽序列。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1128/IAI.58.10.3438-3441.1990 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhong GM,Brunham RC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The antigenicity of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar C was assessed by using overlapping hexapeptide homologs of serovar C major outer membrane protein and rabbit antisera in a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five immunogenic sites were found distributed within variable sequences of the protein: four were immunodominant and three were surface exposed on native elementary bodies of serovar C. None was surface exposed on serovars H, I, and J.
    背景与目标: : 通过在肽酶联免疫吸附试验中使用血清C主要外膜蛋白和兔抗血清的重叠六肽同源物评估沙眼衣原体血清型C主要外膜蛋白的抗原性。在蛋白质的可变序列中发现了五个免疫原性位点: 四个是免疫优势,三个表面暴露在血清型C的天然基本体上。没有一个表面暴露在血清H,I和J上。
  • 【无症状年轻男性基于尿液的沙眼衣原体筛查的可接受性: 系统评价。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816938ca 复制DOI
    作者列表:Marrazzo JM,Scholes D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We performed a structured literature review of published studies from 2000-2007 that measured the acceptability and acceptance (uptake) of urine testing for C. trachomatis among asymptomatic men. Studies were categorized as three types: (a) non-STD clinic venues where men were approached in person and offered testing on site (urgent care clinics, freestanding clinics or health screening settings, corrections, community centers); (b) delivery of testing kits to men at their homes; and (c) qualitative measurement related to men's experience of screening. When offered in established nonhome-based settings (clinics, schools, corrections), acceptability and consequent uptake of testing by men is generally good (mid-60% range). However, acceptance rates even in these settings vary widely and are influenced by venue, provider, and a diversity of other factors. Acceptance of home-based testing invitations, including direct mailing of test kits, is considerably lower. Attitudinal characteristics of men who decline testing primarily include low self-perception of risk for asymptomatic infection and perceived inconvenience of providing test specimens. Given these findings, testing strategies targeting asymptomatic men in established community and clinic settings are most likely to yield relatively high acceptance rates. However, barriers to both implementation and uptake remain, even when such testing is free. Interventions to enhance uptake of testing in asymptomatic men should be developed and selected with underlying C. trachomatis population prevalence in mind.
    背景与目标: : 我们对2000-2007年发表的研究进行了结构化文献综述,这些研究测量了无症状男性中沙眼衣原体尿液检测的可接受性和接受度 (摄取)。研究分为三种类型 :( a) 非性病诊所,亲自接触男性并在现场提供测试 (紧急护理诊所、独立诊所或健康筛查环境、矫正、社区中心); (b) 向男性在家中提供测试包; (c) 与男性筛查经验相关的定性测量。当在既定的非家庭环境 (诊所,学校,矫正) 中提供时,男性对测试的可接受性和随之而来的接受程度通常是良好的 (60% 左右)。但是,即使在这些设置中,接受率也相差很大,并且受场地,提供商和其他多种因素的影响。接受家庭测试邀请,包括直接邮寄测试套件,要低得多。拒绝测试的男性的态度特征主要包括对无症状感染风险的低自我感知和提供测试样本的不便。鉴于这些发现,在既定的社区和诊所环境中针对无症状男性的测试策略最有可能产生相对较高的接受率。然而,即使这种测试是免费的,实施和实施的障碍仍然存在。应制定和选择干预措施,以提高无症状男性的测试水平,并考虑潜在的沙眼衣原体人群患病率。
  • 【尼日利亚拉各斯男性注射吸毒者中基于人群的乙型和丙型肝炎病毒,HIV,梅毒,淋病和衣原体的患病率。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0956462413477553 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tun W,Vu L,Adebajo SB,Abiodun L,Sheehy M,Karlyn A,Njab J,Ahonsi B,Issa BK,Idogho O
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :There is little research on injecting drug use in Nigeria. We investigated the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male injection drug users (IDUs) in Lagos. Male IDUs (N = 328) were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Participants completed an interview about their sexual and injecting risk behaviours and were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBV), hepatitis C antibody (HCV), HIV and syphilis, as well as genital chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections. Three-quarters of IDUs (74%) reported injecting drugs in the past one month although most did not share needles (92%) and the majority obtained sterile needles from pharmacists (87%). Estimated HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia prevalences were 7.8%, 7.7%, 0.9%, 1.9%, 0.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. The burden of HIV is presently low among IDUs in Lagos. Changes in accessibility to sterile needles at pharmacists would likely have a deleterious effect on IDUs' health. HBV vaccination and HCV prevention programmes for IDUs are urgently needed.
    背景与目标: : 尼日利亚关于注射吸毒的研究很少。我们调查了拉各斯男性注射吸毒者 (idu) 中HIV,乙型和丙型肝炎以及性传播感染 (STIs) 的患病率。通过受访者驱动的抽样招募男性注射吸毒者 (N = 328)。参与者完成了关于他们的性和注射风险行为的访谈,并测试了乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBV),丙型肝炎抗体 (HCV),艾滋病毒和梅毒,以及生殖器衣原体和淋病感染。四分之三的注射吸毒者 (74%) 报告在过去一个月注射毒品,尽管大多数人不共用针头 (92%),大多数人从药剂师那里获得无菌针头 (87%)。估计的HBV,HCV,HIV,梅毒,淋病和衣原体患病率分别为7.8%,7.7%,0.9%,1.9%,0.0% 和3.7%。目前,拉各斯注射吸毒者的艾滋病毒负担很低。药剂师对无菌针头的可及性发生变化可能会对idus的健康产生有害影响。迫切需要针对注射吸毒者的HBV疫苗接种和HCV预防计划。
  • 【2007-2017年人类免疫缺病毒门诊研究 (HOPS) 中患者的衣原体和淋病发生率和检测。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/cid/ciz1085 复制DOI
    作者列表:Li J,Armon C,Palella FJ,Novak RM,Ward D,Purinton S,Durham M,Buchacz K,HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators .
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Although chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) infections are increasing in the United States, there are limited data on their incidence, testing rates, and associated risk factors among persons living with HIV (PLWH), including by anatomic site among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS:We analyzed 2007-2017 medical records data from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Outpatient Study (HOPS) participants in care at 9 HIV clinics. We calculated CT (and GC) incidence and testing rates and assessed associations with sociodemographic and clinical factors using log-linear regression. RESULTS:Among 4727 PLWH, 397 had 881 CT infections and 331 had 861 GC infections, with an incidence of 2.95 and 2.88 per 100 person-years, respectively. From 2007 to 2017, incidence and testing rates increased by approximately 3.0- and 1.9-fold for CT and GC, respectively. Multivariable factors associated with incident CT (GC) included younger age, MSM, and prior diagnoses of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Among 1159 MSM, 583 (50.3%) had 844 CT and 843 GC tests during 2016-2017, and 26.6% of tests were 3-site (urethra, rectum, and pharynx), yielding the highest rates of CT (GC) detection. Multivariable factors associated with CT (GC) testing included younger age, non-Hispanic/Latino black race, and having prior STDs. CONCLUSIONS:Recent CT and GC incidence and testing increased among PLWH; however, only half of MSM were tested for CT or GC during 2016-2017 and less than a third of tests were 3-site. To promote sexual health and STD prevention among PLWH who are MSM, research regarding the added value of CT and GC testing across 3 anatomic sites is needed.
    背景与目标:
  • 【GlgA在muridarum衣原体诱导输卵管积水中起重要作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/femspd/ftaa027 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hu C,Wu H,Sun Y,Kong J,Shao L,Chen X,Liu Q,Liu Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :While glycogen synthase A deficiency can reduce the growth and proliferation of Chlamydia muridarum, the effect of glycogen synthase A on the pathogenic process of C. muridarum remains unclear. To characterize the effect of glycogen synthase A deficiency on the pathogenicity of C. muridarum in the genital tract, BALB/c mice were intravaginally inoculated with wild-type, plasmid-free and glycogen synthase A-deficient C. muridarum, and the genital tract tissue was isolated to assess the severity of hydrosalpinx and the levels of oviduct dilatation at day 60 after infection. The glycogen storage capacity and in vitro infection ability of different C. muridarum strains were analyzed by periodic acid-Schiff staining and quantification of progeny elementary body(EB) formation. The tissue homogenate was used to determine the recovery of different C. muridarum strains. The results show that glycogen synthase A-deficient C. muridarum induced reduction of hydrosalpinx and attenuated the extent of oviduct dilatation in mice, and exhibited reduced growth and proliferation in the mouse lower genital tract. In addition, glycogen synthase A point mutations at different sites reduced the glycogen storage capacity and in vitro infectivity of C. muridarum to different degrees. Glycogen synthase A deficiency also reduced the host inflammatory reaction and ascending infection of C. muridarum.
    背景与目标: : 虽然糖原合酶A缺乏可以减少衣原体的生长和增殖,但糖原合酶A对C. muridarum的致病过程的影响尚不清楚。为了表征糖原合酶A缺乏对生殖道C. muridarum致病性的影响,将BALB/c小鼠阴道内接种野生型,无质粒和糖原合酶A缺陷的C. muridarum,并在感染后第60天分离生殖道组织以评估输卵管积水的严重程度和输卵管扩张水平。通过高碘酸-席夫染色和子代基本体 (EB) 形成的定量分析了不同muridarum菌株的糖原储存能力和体外感染能力。组织匀浆用于确定不同的C. muridarum菌株的回收率。结果表明,糖原合酶A缺乏的C. muridarum可诱导小鼠输卵管积水的减少并减弱输卵管扩张的程度,并在小鼠下生殖道中表现出减少的生长和增殖。此外,不同位点的糖原合酶A点突变不同程度地降低了C. muridarum的糖原储存能力和体外感染性。糖原合酶A缺乏症还减少了宿主的炎症反应和C. muridarum的上升感染。
  • 【瑞典沙眼衣原体变种的出现和传播。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3201/eid1409.080153 复制DOI
    作者列表:Herrmann B,Törner A,Low N,Klint M,Nilsson A,Velicko I,Söderblom T,Blaxhult A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A variant of Chlamydia trachomatis that had escaped detection by commonly used systems was discovered in Sweden in 2006. In a nationwide study, we found that it is now prevalent across Sweden, irrespective of the detection system used. Genetic analysis by multilocus sequence typing identified a predominant variant, suggesting recent emergence.
    背景与目标: : 2006年在瑞典发现了沙眼衣原体的一种变体,该变体已被常用系统检测到。在一项全国性的研究中,我们发现,无论使用哪种检测系统,它现在在瑞典都很普遍。通过多基因座序列分型进行的遗传分析确定了一个主要的变体,表明最近出现了。
  • 【通过实时PCR分析和血清学检查分析肺炎衣原体 (衣原体) 和肺炎支原体呼吸系统感染的儿童。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00973.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Otomo S,Yamamura J,Hayashi E,Nakamura T,Kakinuma H,Nakamoto Y,Takahashi H,Karasawa T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We examined 73 children with respiratory infections for Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae using real-time PCR assay and serological tests. C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae infections were found in 11 (15.1%) and 6 (8.2%) cases, respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of real-time PCR versus definite diagnosis of acute infection were 63.6% and 100% for C. pneumoniae, and 100% and 100% for M. pneumoniae, respectively. C. pneumoniae PCR-negative results appeared to be due to poor growth of the organism. The sensitivity and specificity of ImmunoCard tests were 33.3% and 82.1%, respectively, indicating that the efficacy of rapid diagnosis was disputable. The present results suggest that real-time PCR is suitable for rapid diagnosis as a first screening test to determine first-line antibacterial agents to be used against these infectious diseases.
    背景与目标: : 我们使用实时PCR分析和血清学测试检查了73名呼吸道感染儿童的肺炎衣原体 (衣原体) 和肺炎支原体。分别在11例 (15.1% 例) 和6例 (8.2% 例) 中发现了肺炎支原体和肺炎支原体感染。分别63.6% 和100% 了肺炎支原体的实时PCR与明确诊断的急性感染的敏感性和特异性,以及肺炎支原体的100% 和100%。肺炎链球菌PCR阴性结果似乎是由于生物体生长不良所致。免疫卡试验的敏感性和特异性分别33.3% 和82.1%,表明快速诊断的疗效存在争议。目前的结果表明,real-time PCR适用于快速诊断,作为确定用于这些传染病的一线抗菌剂的首次筛选测试。
  • 【在动脉标本中检测到与肺炎衣原体DNA相关的颞动脉炎。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rimenti G,Blasi F,Cosentini R,Moling O,Pristerà R,Tarsia P,Vedovelli C,Mian P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Temporal arteritis is a clinical manifestation of giant cell arteritis. The etiology of this disease is still unknown. Sudden onset and wide variations of incidence are reported in different parts of the world. Acute onset is often associated with flu-like symptoms, indicating that infectious factors probably act as precipitating agents. We describe a 72-year-old man referred to our department in January 1999 for unremitting fever and temporal arteritis associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.
    背景与目标: : 颞动脉炎是巨细胞动脉炎的临床表现。这种疾病的病因仍然未知。据报道,世界不同地区的发病突然和发病率差异很大。急性发作通常与流感样症状有关,这表明感染因素可能是诱发因素。我们描述了一名72岁的男子,1999年1月因与肺炎衣原体感染相关的持续发热和颞动脉炎而转诊到我们部门。
  • 【沙眼衣原体: 性病性淋巴肉芽肿分离株的基因组序列分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1101/gr.7020108 复制DOI
    作者列表:Thomson NR,Holden MT,Carder C,Lennard N,Lockey SJ,Marsh P,Skipp P,O'Connor CD,Goodhead I,Norbertzcak H,Harris B,Ormond D,Rance R,Quail MA,Parkhill J,Stephens RS,Clarke IN
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections in the UK, a statistic that is also reflected globally. There are three biovariants of C. trachomatis: trachoma (serotypes A-C) and two sexually transmitted pathovars; serotypes D-K and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma isolates and the sexually transmitted serotypes D-K are noninvasive, whereas the LGV strains are invasive, causing a disseminating infection of the local draining lymph nodes. Genome sequences are available for single isolates from the trachoma (serotype A) and sexually transmitted (serotype D) biotypes. We sequenced two isolates from the remaining biotype, LGV, a long-term laboratory passaged strain and the recent "epidemic" LGV isolate-causing proctitis. Although the genome of the LGV strain shows no additional genes that could account for the differences in disease outcome, we found evidence of functional gene loss and identified regions of heightened sequence variation that have previously been shown to be important sites for interstrain recombination. We have used new sequencing technologies to show that the recent clinical LGV isolate causing proctitis is unlikely to be a newly emerged strain but is most probably an old strain with relatively new clinical manifestations.
    背景与目标: : 沙眼衣原体是英国性传播感染的最常见原因,这一统计数字也在全球范围内得到反映。沙眼衣原体有三种生物变体: 沙眼 (血清型A-C) 和两种性传播的病原体; 血清型d-k和性病性淋巴肉芽肿 (LGV)。沙眼分离株和性传播血清型d-k是非侵入性的,而LGV菌株是侵入性的,导致局部引流淋巴结的传播感染。基因组序列可用于沙眼 (血清型A) 和性传播 (血清型D) 生物型的单个分离株。我们对其余生物型LGV (长期实验室传代菌株) 和最近引起的 “流行” LGV分离株引起直肠炎的两个分离株进行了测序。尽管LGV菌株的基因组没有显示出可以解释疾病结果差异的其他基因,但我们发现了功能基因缺失的证据,并确定了序列变异增强的区域,这些区域以前被证明是菌株间重组的重要位点。我们使用新的测序技术表明,最近引起直肠炎的临床LGV分离株不太可能是新出现的菌株,但很可能是具有相对新临床表现的旧菌株。
  • 【针对沙眼衣原体,人乳头瘤病毒和人类疱疹病毒8型的血浆抗体与前列腺癌的关系: 一项前瞻性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0134 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sutcliffe S,Giovannucci E,Gaydos CA,Viscidi RP,Jenkins FJ,Zenilman JM,Jacobson LP,De Marzo AM,Willett WC,Platz EA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Traditionally, case-control studies of sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer have focused on gonorrhea and syphilis, with overall positive associations. More recently, researchers have begun to expand their focus to include additional sexually transmitted infections, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus (HPV), and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) infections. Continuing this investigation, we examined each of these infections in relation to incident prostate cancer in a nested case-control study within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Prostate cancer cases were men diagnosed with prostate cancer between the date of blood draw (1993-1995) and 2000 (n = 691). Controls were men free of cancer and alive at the time of case diagnosis who had had at least one prostate-specific antigen test between the date of blood draw and case diagnosis. One control was individually matched to each case by age; year, time of day, and season of blood draw; and prostate-specific antigen screening history before blood draw (n = 691). C. trachomatis and HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-33 antibody serostatus were assessed by enzyme-based immunoassays and HHV-8 antibody serostatus was assessed by an immunofluorescence assay. No associations were observed between C. trachomatis [odds ratio (OR), 1.13; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.65-1.96], HPV-16 (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57-1.23), HPV-18 (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.66-1.64), and HPV-33 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.76-1.72) antibody seropositivity and prostate cancer. A significant inverse association was observed between HHV-8 antibody seropositivity and prostate cancer (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.95). As this study is the first, to our knowledge, to observe such an inverse association, similar additional studies are warranted.
    背景与目标: : 传统上,对性传播感染和前列腺癌的病例对照研究集中在淋病和梅毒上,总体上呈正相关。最近,研究人员已开始将重点扩大到其他性传播感染,例如沙眼衣原体,人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 和人类疱疹病毒8型 (HHV-8) 感染。继续这项调查,我们在卫生专业人员随访研究中的巢式病例对照研究中检查了与前列腺癌事件有关的每种感染。前列腺癌病例是在抽血日期 (1993-1995) 至2000 (n = 691) 之间诊断为前列腺癌的男性。对照组是没有癌症且在病例诊断时还活着的男性,他们在抽血之日和病例诊断之日之间至少进行了一次前列腺特异性抗原测试。一个对照按年龄、年、一天中的时间和抽血季节、以及抽血前的前列腺特异性抗原筛查史 (n = 691) 与每个病例单独匹配。通过基于酶的免疫测定评估沙眼和HPV-16、HPV-18和HPV-33抗体血清状态,并通过免疫荧光测定评估HHV-8抗体血清状态。没有观察到沙眼衣原体 [比值比 (OR),1.13; 95% 置信区间 (95% CI),0.65-1.96],HPV-16 (OR,0.83; 95% CI,0.57-1.23),HPV-18 (OR,1.04; 95% CI,0.66-1.64),和HPV-33 (或,1.14; 95% CI,0.76-1.72) 抗体血清阳性和前列腺癌。在HHV-8抗体血清阳性与前列腺癌之间观察到显着的反向关联 (OR,0.70; 95% CI,0.52-0.95)。据我们所知,由于这项研究是观察这种反向关联的第一项研究,因此有必要进行类似的其他研究。
  • 【在非流行期间,哮喘和非哮喘军事应征者的急性肺炎衣原体感染。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01898.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Juvonen R,Bloigu A,Paldanius M,Peitso A,Silvennoinen-Kassinen S,Harju T,Leinonen M,Saikku P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infections were studied in 512 male military conscripts (123 asthmatic and 389 non-asthmatic) taking part in 180-day service between July 2004 and July 2005 in Kajaani, Finland. Respiratory tract infections requiring a medical consultation were analysed prospectively. At baseline, at end of service, and during each episode of respiratory infection, blood samples were obtained for measurement of C. pneumoniae antibodies. Data concerning the clinical features of each infection episode were collected. Serological evidence of acute C. pneumoniae infection was found in 34 of the 512 conscripts with antibody data available, including 9.8% of the asthmatic subjects and 5.7% of the non-asthmatic subjects (p 0.111). A serological diagnosis could be made for 25 clinical episodes in 24 conscripts. The spectrum of respiratory tract infections included 13 episodes of mild upper respiratory tract infection and seven episodes of sinusitis, with five episodes involving asthma exacerbation. Two of three pneumonias were primary infections. Primary infections were diagnosed in five subjects, and re-infection/reactivation in 19 subjects, with the latter comprising 12 non-asthmatic subjects and seven asthmatic subjects (p 0.180). Prolonged infections were present in six asthmatic subjects and one non-asthmatic subject (p 0.001). A wide variety of respiratory tract infections, ranging from common cold to pneumonia, were associated with serologically confirmed C. pneumoniae infections. Infections were often mild, with common cold and sinusitis being the most common manifestations. Acute, rapidly resolved C. pneumoniae infections were equally common among asthmatic subjects and non-asthmatic subjects, whereas prolonged infections were more common among subjects with asthma.
    背景与目标: : 在芬兰Kajaani的512名男性军事应征入伍者 (123名哮喘和389名非哮喘) 中,他们参加了2004年7月和2005年7月之间的180天服务,研究了肺炎衣原体呼吸道感染。前瞻性分析了需要进行医疗咨询的呼吸道感染。在基线,服务结束时以及每次呼吸道感染期间,均获得血液样本以测量肺炎衣原体抗体。收集了有关每个感染发作的临床特征的数据。在具有可用抗体数据的512应征入伍者中发现了急性肺炎衣原体感染的血清学证据,包括哮喘受试者的9.8% 和非哮喘受试者的5.7% (p 0.111)。可以对24名应征入伍者中的25次临床发作进行血清学诊断。呼吸道感染的范围包括13次轻度上呼吸道感染和7次鼻窦炎,其中5次涉及哮喘发作。三种肺炎中有两种是原发性感染。在5名受试者中诊断出原发感染,在19名受试者中诊断出再感染/再激活,后者包括12名非哮喘受试者和7名哮喘受试者 (p 0.180)。6名哮喘受试者和1名非哮喘受试者存在长时间感染 (p 0.001)。从普通感冒到肺炎,各种各样的呼吸道感染与血清学证实的C.肺炎e感染有关。感染通常是轻度的,以普通感冒和鼻窦炎为最常见的表现。急性,迅速解决的肺炎衣原体感染在哮喘受试者和非哮喘受试者中同样常见,而长期感染在哮喘受试者中更为常见。
  • 【严重的色氨酸饥饿会阻止常规持久性的发作,并减少沙眼衣原体的再激活。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1128/IAI.00668-07 复制DOI
    作者列表:Leonhardt RM,Lee SJ,Kavathas PB,Cresswell P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The intracellular survival of the bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis depends on protein synthesis by the microbe soon after internalization. Pharmacologic inhibition of bacterial translation inhibits early trafficking of the parasitophorous vacuole (inclusion) to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and promotes its fusion with lysosomes, which is normally blocked by Chlamydia. Depletion of cellular tryptophan pools by gamma interferon-inducible indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is believed to be the major innate immune mechanism controlling C. trachomatis infection in human cells, an action to which the bacteria can respond by converting into a nonreplicating but highly reactivatable persistent state. However, whether severe IDO-mediated tryptophan starvation can be sufficient to fully arrest the chlamydial life cycle and thereby counteract the onset of persistence is unknown. Here we demonstrate that at low exogenous tryptophan concentrations a substantial fraction of C. trachomatis bacteria fail to traffic to the MTOC or to switch into the conventional persistent state in gamma interferon-induced human cells. The organisms stay scattered in the cell periphery, do not retain infectivity, and display only low transcriptional activity. Importantly, the rate at which these aberrant Chlamydia bacteria become reactivated upon replenishment of cellular tryptophan pools is substantially lower. Thus, severe tryptophan depletion in cells with high IDO activity affects chlamydial development more rigorously than previously described.
    背景与目标: : 细菌病原体沙眼衣原体的细胞内存活取决于微生物内化后不久的蛋白质合成。细菌翻译的药理抑制抑制寄生虫液泡 (内含物) 向微管组织中心 (MTOC) 的早期运输,并促进其与溶酶体的融合,溶酶体通常被衣原体阻断。Γ 干扰素诱导的indoleamine-2,3-双加氧酶 (IDO) 对细胞色氨酸池的消耗被认为是控制人细胞中沙眼衣原体感染的主要先天免疫机制,细菌可以通过转化为不可复制但高度可重新激活的持久性状态来对其做出反应。然而,严重的IDO介导的色氨酸饥饿是否足以完全阻止衣原体生命周期,从而抵消持久性的发作尚不清楚。在这里,我们证明了在低外源色氨酸浓度下,大部分沙眼衣原体细菌无法传播到MTOC或无法在 γ 干扰素诱导的人类细胞中切换到常规的持续状态。生物体分散在细胞周围,不保留感染性,仅显示低转录活性。重要的是,这些异常衣原体细菌在补充细胞色氨酸池后重新激活的速率大大降低。因此,具有高IDO活性的细胞中色氨酸的严重耗竭比以前描述的更严格地影响衣原体的发育。
  • 【GTPase Rab4与沙眼衣原体包涵膜蛋白ct229相互作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1128/IAI.00539-06 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rzomp KA,Moorhead AR,Scidmore MA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chlamydiae, which are obligate intracellular bacteria, replicate in a nonlysosomal vacuole, termed an inclusion. Although neither the host nor the chlamydial proteins that mediate the intracellular trafficking of the inclusion have been clearly identified, several enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Rab GTPases, including Rab4A, are recruited to chlamydial inclusions. GFP-Rab4A associates with inclusions in a species-independent fashion by 2 h postinfection by mechanisms that have not yet been elucidated. To test whether chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) recruit Rab4 to the inclusion, we screened a collection of chlamydial Incs for their ability to interact with Rab4A by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. From our analysis, we identified a specific interaction between Rab4A and Chlamydia trachomatis Inc CT229, which is expressed during the initial stages of infection. CT229 interacts with only wild-type Rab4A and the constitutively active GTPase-deficient Rab4AQ67L but not with the dominant-negative GDP-restricted Rab4AS22N mutant. To confirm the interaction between CT229 and Rab4A, we demonstrated that DsRed-CT229 colocalized with GFP-Rab4A in HeLa cells and more importantly wild-type and constitutively active GFP-Rab4A colocalized with CT229 at the inclusion membrane in C. trachomatis serovar L2-infected HeLa cells. Taken together, these data suggest that CT229 interacts with and recruits Rab4A to the inclusion membrane and therefore may play a role in regulating the intracellular trafficking or fusogenicity of the chlamydial inclusion.
    背景与目标: : 衣原体是专性细胞内细菌,在非溶酶体液泡中复制,称为包涵体。尽管尚未明确鉴定出宿主和介导包合物细胞内运输的衣原体蛋白,但包括Rab4A在内的几种增强的绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 标记的Rab GTPases被募集到衣原体包合物中。GFP-Rab4A通过尚未阐明的机制在感染后2小时以物种独立的方式与内含物相关联。为了测试衣原体包涵膜蛋白 (Incs) 是否将Rab4募集到包涵体中,我们通过使用酵母双杂交测定法筛选了衣原体Incs与Rab4A相互作用的能力。从我们的分析中,我们确定了Rab4A和沙眼衣原体Inc CT229之间的特定相互作用,该相互作用在感染的初始阶段表达。CT229仅与野生型Rab4A和组成型活性GTPase缺陷型Rab4AQ67L相互作用,而与占主导地位的负GDP限制性Rab4AS22N突变体不相互作用。为了确认CT229和Rab4A之间的相互作用,我们证明了DsRed-CT229与GFP-Rab4A共定位在HeLa细胞中,更重要的是野生型和组成型活性GFP-Rab4A与CT229共定位在沙眼衣原体L2-infected HeLa细胞的包涵膜上。综上所述,这些数据表明CT229与包涵膜相互作用并将Rab4A募集到包涵膜,因此可能在调节衣原体包涵体的细胞内运输或融合作用中发挥作用。
  • 【“念珠菌” (Chlamydiae: Parachlamydiaceae),一种自由生活的阿米巴的新型衣原体寄生虫。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00436-012-3213-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Corsaro D,Müller KD,Wingender J,Michel R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Vannella sp. isolated from waterweed Elodea sp. was found infected by a chlamydia-like organism. This organism behaves like a parasite, causing the death through burst of its host. Once the vannellae degenerated, the parasite was successfully kept in laboratory within a Saccamoeba sp. isolated from the same waterweed sample, which revealed in fine through electron microscopy to harbor two bacterial endosymbionts: the chlamydial parasite we introduce and another endosymbiont initially and naturally present in the host. Herein, we provide molecular-based identification of both the amoeba host and its two endosymbionts, with special focus on the chlamydia parasite. High sequence similarity values of the 18S rDNA permitted to assign the amoeba to the species Saccamoeba lacustris (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea). The bacterial endosymbiont naturally harbored by the host belonged to Sphingomonas koreensis (Alpha-Proteobacteria). The chlamydial parasite showed a strict specificity for Saccamoeba spp., being unable to infect a variety of other amoebae, including Acanthamoeba, and it was itself infected by a bacteriophage. Sequence similarity values of the 16S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain is a new member of the family Parachlamydiaceae, for which we propose the name "Candidatus Mesochlamydia elodeae."
    背景与目标: : Vannella sp。从水草Elodea sp。被发现被一种衣原体样生物感染。这种生物的行为就像寄生虫,通过其宿主爆发而导致死亡。一旦vannellae退化,该寄生虫就成功地保存在实验室中的Saccamoeba sp。从相同的水草样品中分离出来,该样品通过电子显微镜精细地显示出藏有两种细菌内共生体: 我们引入的衣原体寄生虫和另一种内共生体最初并自然存在于宿主中。在此,我们提供了变形虫宿主及其两个内共生体的基于分子的鉴定,特别关注衣原体寄生虫。18S rDNA的高序列相似性值允许将变形虫分配给Saccamoeba lacustris (变形虫,Tubulinea) 物种。宿主自然携带的细菌内共生体属于韩国鞘氨醇单胞菌 (α-Proteobacteria)。衣原体寄生虫对Saccamoeba spp。表现出严格的特异性,无法感染包括棘阿米巴在内的多种其他变形虫,并且其本身被噬菌体感染。16S rDNA的序列相似性值和系统发育分析表明,该菌株是Parachlamydiaceae家族的新成员,为此我们提出了 “念珠菌Mesochlamydia elodeae” 的名称。
  • 【沙眼的病因学: 在分离和培养沙眼衣原体方面取得了巨大成功。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To review the studies on the etiology of trachoma and to honor Professor Tang Feifan (Prof. FF Tang). He is the first scientist who was successful in isolating and cultivating chlamydia trachomatis in 1946. DATA SOURCES:The principal literatures are cited from Tang's papers published from the 1930s to the 1950s. Earlier literatures concerning early hypotheses for trachoma pathogenic agent are also studied. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Only important and conclusive breakthroughs in Tang's papers are selected and extracted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:In the 1930s Tang was intending to repeat Noguchi's experiments in isolating bacterium granulosis from cases of trachoma in China and to employ bacterium granulosis isolated by Noguchi in 1928 for reproducing experimental trachomatous human clinical manifestations in China. Both experiments showed negative results. In the 1950s, before isolated chlamydia trachomtas, Tang and his colleagues had finished two fundamental studies: (1) the histological nature of trachoma, their relationship to etiological agent as well as to the host cells; and (2) the clinical manifestations and the morphological pictures of trachoma in monkeys. Eventually chlamydia trachomatis was isolated successfully and cultivated continuously.
    背景与目标:

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