BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis with a very poor prognosis. We aimed at assessing risk factors related to the prognosis of patients with TBM.Forty-five inpatients with TBM in our institution from January 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled retrospectively. The good or poor prognosis in the patients was defined, based on Glasgow Outcome Scale System at discharge. Patients with a GOS score less than 5 were defined as "poor prognosis." Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictors for TBM outcome.Among 45 TBM patients, 35 (77.8%) and 10 (22.2%) were in good, poor prognoses, respectively. Old age, disturbance of consciousness, moderate to severe electroencephalogram abnormality, hydrocephalus, remarkable increase of protein (≥ 236 mg/dL) and white blood cell counts (≥ 243 /μL) in cerebral spinal fluid were associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis indicated that old age (odds ratio (OR) = 18.395, P = .036) and hydrocephalus (OR = 32.995, P = .049) were independent factors for a poor outcome of TBM.In conclusion, old age and hydrocephalus are the predictors for poor prognosis of TBM. Patients with these risk factors should be treated promptly with a special care paid to improve their outcomes.

背景与目标： 结核性脑膜炎 (TBM) 是中枢神经系统结核病的最常见形式，预后很差。我们旨在评估与TBM患者预后相关的危险因素。我们机构从2013年1月到2015年12月的45例TBM住院患者被回顾性纳入。根据出院时格拉斯哥结局量表系统，确定了患者的良好或不良预后。GOS评分小于5的患者被定义为 “不良预后”。进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析以评估TBM结果的预测因素。在45例TBM患者中，分别有35例 (77.8% 例) 和10例 (22.2% 例) 预后良好。年龄大、意识障碍、中重度脑电图异常、脑积水、脑脊液中蛋白质 (≥ 236  mg/dL) 和白细胞计数 (≥ 243  /μ l) 均与预后不良相关。多因素分析显示，高龄 (优势比 (OR)  =   18.395，p   =  .036) 和脑积水 (OR   =   32.995，p   =  .049) 是TBM预后不良的独立因素。老年和脑积水是TBM预后不良的预测因素。具有这些危险因素的患者应及时接受特殊护理治疗，以改善其预后。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Studies on the occurrence of homebound and the factors influencing it are available. However, the study of community homebound in China is still in its preliminary stage. No previous studies about this issue are available. This study aims to assess the occurrence of and factors influencing homebound elderly in Chinese communities and to provide a basis for effective intervention and prevention of homebound elderly people.One sample community from three provinces was randomly selected. Investigations were performed on the selected communities and 2180 elderly people were chosen as the research subjects. Unified survey scales were used. Home visit and face-to-face interviews were performed to ensure that no single qualified survey respondent was missed.The rate of morbidity in homebound elderly Chinese community was found to be 15.49% and it gradually increased with age, and also with a lower education or poorer Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Single factor analysis showed that general situation, living habits, physical condition, mental condition, society, social support, and other factors affected the occurrence of community homebound elderly. Women were more likely to be homebound than men (P < .05). Having a spouse or high income reduced the rate of morbidity in the homebound elderly (P < .05). Multifactor regression analysis revealed that poor ADL, depression, hearing impairment, being old, no exercise, and low social support are the main influencing factors.Appropriate measures should be taken based on the specific influencing factor to prevent the occurrence of homebound.

背景与目标： : 关于居家生活的发生及其影响因素的研究是可行的。然而，中国社区住房的研究仍处于初级阶段。以前没有关于这个问题的研究。本研究旨在评估中国社区居家老年人的发生情况及影响因素，为居家老年人的有效干预和预防提供依据。对选定的社区进行了调查，并选择了2180名老年人作为研究对象。使用了统一的调查量表。进行家访和面对面访谈，以确保没有一个合格的调查对象被遗漏。发现在家的中国老年人社区的发病率15.49%，并且随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加，并且受教育程度较低或日常生活活动 (ADL) 较差。单因素分析显示，一般情况、生活习惯、身体状况、精神状况、社会支持等因素影响社区居家老人的发生。女性比男性更有可能回家 (p  < .05)。有配偶或高收入降低了居家老人的发病率 (p < .05)。多因素回归分析显示，ADL差、抑郁、听力障碍、年老、无运动、社会支持低是主要影响因素，应根据具体影响因素采取相应措施，预防居家生活的发生。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Cognitive aging research, as well as cross-cultural research, often relies on pictorial stimuli to address how perceptions of common objects vary by population group. OBJECTIVE:We investigate naming specificity--the degree of detail elicited for object labels - across age (younger-older) and culture (American-Chinese). METHODS:Using latent class analysis techniques, we segregated picture-item responses into multiple specificity levels. The analysis was conducted for 260 pictures, across four groups of younger (aged 17-25 years) and older (aged 59-76 years) adults in the US and mainland China. RESULTS:Overall, three naming specificity classes were supported. Age differences were modest compared to those across culture. In particular, Chinese groups showed far greater variation, naming more items both with high and with low specificity than age-matched American counterparts. Our results differed from prior studies using familiarity and latency measures. Moreover, approximately 28% of commonly-used picture items differed across all four groups. CONCLUSION:These results highlight the need to select appropriate pictorial stimuli for studies involving populations diverse in age and cultural background.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND/AIMS:Liver metastases are associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study is to determine the possible indicators in identifying the predictive value of serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA-125 in diagnosis of liver metastases from CRC in the Chinese population. METHODOLOGY:We randomly selected 101 CRC patients with liver metastases and 81 patients without liver metastases. Several clinical pathological factors were analyzed for the correlation with liver metastases. The predictive value of CEA, CA19-9 and CA-125 for liver metastases from CRC was evaluated. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in gender, age, hepatitis B history, serum AFP level or lesion location. Patients with liver metastases had a tendency to have higher serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA-125 level. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum CEA level (p<0.001), CA19-9 level (p<0.001) and CA-125 level (p=0.001) were independent prognostic predictors for liver metastases. Combination of CEA, CA19-9 and CA-125 can enhance their sensitivity in diagnosis of synchronous and metachronous liver metastases. Serum CA19-9 level, combined test of CA19-9 and CA-125, combined test of triple markers have higher sensitivities in synchronous metastasis than those in metachronous metastasis. CONCLUSIONS:Combination test would enhance the sensitivities of serum CEA, CA19-9 and CA-125 levels, which are important in predicting liver metastases from CRC in the Chinese population, either synchronous or metachronous.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to explore the possible role of the 5-HT2A -1438G/A polymorphism in the susceptibility to anorexia nervosa (AN) in the Chinese Han population. METHODS:The -1438G/A polymorphism of 249 female AN patients, 228 matched healthy controls, and 198 trios was genotyped using SNaP shot assay. Psychopathological traits of eating-disordered behaviors in AN subjects were examined using the Chinese version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. RESULTS:Neither the case-control analysis nor the transmission disequilibrium test revealed significant associations between the -1438G/A polymorphism and AN (P > .05). However, AA homozygote patients with AN had lower weight and shape concern scores of the EDE-Q6.0 than those of GA heterozygotes (P < .05). DISCUSSION:Our findings suggested that female AN patients with 5-HT2A -1438AA genotype may be characterized by less severe eating-disordered psychopathological traits in the Chinese Han population.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein1 (LRP1) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) are candidate genes for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD). It is not clear whether the LRP1 exon 3 and A2M exon 24 polymorphisms are associated with SAD. In the present study, we used direct sequencing to genotype the LRP1 C766T (rs1799986) polymorphism in exon 3 and the A2M I1000V (rs669) polymorphism in exon 24 in 364 patients with SAD and 291 healthy control subjects from the Northern Chinese Han population. The distributions of LRP1 genotypes (chi-squared [χ(2)]=7.25, degrees of freedom [d.f.]=2, p=0.027) and alleles (χ(2)=8.154, d.f.=1, p=0.004) were significantly different between patients and controls who were apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 positive. The T allele and TT+TC genotype were associated with a reduced risk of developing SAD (T allele: odds ratio [OR]=0.541, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.368-0.859, p=0.005; TT+TC genotype: OR=0.613, 95% CI=0.315-0.725, p=0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between patients with SAD and control subjects for the A2M I1000V polymorphism, even after stratification by age of onset, gender, and APOE ε4 status. We found an interaction between LRP1 and APOE genotypes (p=0.001), but no interaction between LRP1 and A2M genotypes. Our results suggest that the T allele of the LRP1 C766T polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of SAD in APOE ε4 carriers from the Northern Han Chinese population.

背景与目标： : 低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1 (LRP1) 和alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) 是散发性阿尔茨海默氏病 (SAD) 的候选基因。目前尚不清楚LRP1外显子3和A2M外显子24多态性是否与SAD相关。在本研究中，我们使用直接测序对来自中国北方汉族人群的364名SAD患者和291名健康对照受试者的外显子3中的LRP1 C766T (rs1799986) 多态性和外显子24中的A2M I1000V (rs669) 多态性进行了基因型。LRP1基因型 (卡方 [χ(2)]= 7.25，自由度 [d.f.]= 2，p = 0.027) 和等位基因 (χ(2)= 8.154，d.f.= 1，p = 0.004) 在载脂蛋白E (APOE) ε4阳性的患者和对照组之间有显着差异。T等位基因和TT + TC基因型与发展SAD的风险降低相关 (T等位基因: 优势比 [OR]= 0.541，95% 置信区间 [CI]= 0.368-0.859，p = 0.005; TT + TC基因型: OR = 0.613，95% CI = 0.315-0.725，p = 0.012)。即使按发病年龄，性别和apoeε4状态分层后，SAD患者和对照组的A2M I1000V多态性的等位基因和基因型频率也没有统计学上的显着差异。我们发现LRP1和APOE基因型之间存在相互作用 (p = 0.001)，但LRP1和A2M基因型之间没有相互作用。我们的结果表明，LRP1 C766T多态性的T等位基因与中国北方汉族人群apoeε4携带者的SAD风险降低有关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this study, a novel DRB1 allele was revealed by routine HLA-SBT typing noted for its extensive mismatches to any known DRB1 alleles within the exon 2. Sequences containing the exons 2, 3 of HLA-DRB1, their surrounding introns, and the full-length cDNA of DRB1 were analyzed to determine a possible recombination event. Interestingly, the sequences of entire exon 2 were characterized as DRB3(∗)02:02:01:01/02; while exon 3 were characterized as DRB1(∗)14 like alleles. Further analysis of the sequences using Simplot software suggested that an intergenic recombinant event (i.e. exchange of sequence between non-allelic genes) may have occurred between DRB3(∗)02 allele and DRB1(∗)14 like allele, and the recombination sites are located at intron 1 and the boundary of exon 2 and intron 2 of DRB1. There are 5 CGGGG sequences flanking each side of exon 2 could serve as potential recombination site. Moreover, the full-length cDNA of the novel allele has been identified. The exon 1 and exon 3 to exon 6 share the same sequence as DRB1(∗)14 like alleles. At the mRNA level, the new allele has no significant difference when compared with the other DRB1 allele. This novel recombinant allele is also found to be paternally inherited. In conclusion, this is the first report of a DRB1 and DRB3 intergenic recombination event involving whole exon 2, which generate a new DRB1(∗)14:141.

背景与目标： : 在这项研究中，通过常规hla-sbt分型揭示了一种新的DRB1等位基因，该分型因其与外显子2内任何已知的DRB1等位基因的广泛错配而闻名。分析包含HLA-DRB1的外显子2、3、它们周围的内含子和DRB1的全长cDNA的序列以确定可能的重组事件。有趣的是，整个外显子2的序列被表征为DRB3(∗)02:02:01:01/02; 而外显子3被表征为DRB1(∗)14类似等位基因。使用Simplot软件对序列的进一步分析表明，可能在DRB3(∗)02等位基因和DRB1(∗)14等位基因之间发生了基因间重组事件 (即非等位基因之间的序列交换)，重组位点位于drb1的内含子1和外显子2和内含子2的边界。外显子2两侧有5个CGGGG序列可以作为潜在的重组位点。此外，已经鉴定出新等位基因的全长cDNA。外显子1和外显子3至外显子6与DRB1(∗)14的等位基因共享相同的序列。在mRNA水平上，新等位基因与其他DRB1等位基因相比没有显着差异。这种新的重组等位基因也被发现是父系遗传的。总之，这是涉及整个外显子2的DRB1和DRB3基因间重组事件的首次报道，该事件产生了新的DRB1(∗)14:141。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:There is close relationship between abnormal coagulation system and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD), our purpose is to evaluate the contribution of hematologic factors and some other risk factors to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese population. METHODS:56 patients with CHD at admission and 54 controls were enrolled. Plasma levels of protein C, free protein S, total protein S, thrombomodulin, activated factor VII (FVIIa), factor VII:Ag, P-selectin, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, activity of tissue factor (aTF) by chromogenic activity assay, and activated protein C (APC) ratio, prothrombin time, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimmer and thrombin time by full-automated coagulation analyzer. RESULTS:Compared with controls, plasma level of thrombomodulin, FVIIa, factor VII:Ag and aTF were raised in CHD group (p<0.05, 0.001, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively). The average APC ratio in CHD group was lower than that in controls (p<0.001). The result of binary logistic regression analysis showed that activated factor VII (OR2.680, 95%CI1.539-4.665) and tissue factor activity (OR1.019, 95%CI1.004-1.035) were risk factors and high density lipoprotein (OR0.008, 95%CI0-0.478) and activated protein C ratio (OR0.001, 95%CI0-0.011) were protective factors for CHD. CONCLUSIONS:Low activated protein C ratio, elevated tissue factor activity and increased activated factor VII in plasma may contribute to development of coronary heart disease.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Previous studies have shown associations of fetuin-A (alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein, AHSG) with various disorders, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. In this study, genotype and allele frequencies of the rs4918 SNP in the AHSG gene were examined in 380 patients with ischemic stroke and 350 healthy controls from a Northern Han Chinese population via the PCR-RFLP technique. Frequencies of the GG genotype and the G allele in AHSG (rs4918) were significantly higher in patients with ischemic stroke or atherosclerotic cerebral infarction than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated the significance of rs4918 in these patients, after adjustment for confounding factors (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that rs4918 SNPs of the AHSG gene are associated with a risk for ischemic stroke in a Northern Han Chinese population.

背景与目标： : 先前的研究表明胎球蛋白A (alpha2-Heremans-Schmid糖蛋白，AHSG) 与各种疾病有关，包括胰岛素抵抗，2型糖尿病，代谢综合征和动脉粥样硬化。在这项研究中，通过pcr-rflp技术在380名缺血性中风患者和350名来自中国北方汉族人群的健康对照中检查了AHSG基因中rs4918 SNP的基因型和等位基因频率。缺血性脑卒中或动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者中，AHSG (rs4918) 的GG基因型和G等位基因频率明显高于对照组 (P <0.05)。校正混杂因素后，Logistic回归分析显示rs4918在这些患者中的意义 (P <0.05)。这些发现表明，在中国北方汉族人群中，AHSG基因的rs4918 snp与缺血性中风的风险相关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We describe a Chinese family with an MYH9-related disorder in which a novel mutation V1516L at exon 31 of the MYH9 gene was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported Chinese family with MYH9 mutation and supports the pan-ethnic nature of the disorder.

背景与目标： : 我们描述了一个患有MYH9-related疾病的中国家庭，其中鉴定出MYH9基因外显子31处的新突变V1516L。据我们所知，这是第一个报道的MYH9突变的中国家庭，并支持该疾病的泛种族性质。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The influence of an immunosuppressive cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been increasingly reported recently. A number of polymorphisms appear to control the level of IL-10 production. Among them, -592C/A, -819C/T and -1082G/A in the IL-10 gene are three most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms. To provide a more definitive conclusion about their association with the risk of HCV infection, a meta-analysis was performed by combining and summarizing a total of 17 studies. A biological justification for the choice of genetic model was provided. The results indicated no significant association between these IL-10 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to HCV infection [-592C/A: odds ratio (OR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.25; -819C/T: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.69-1.18; -1082G/A: OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.90-2.00]. However, this analysis did not account for the possible risk modifications by other factors, such as ethnicity and virus persistence. Therefore, the effects of ethnicity and virus persistence were investigated using Bayesian meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Finally, an extended case-control association study was conducted in a Chinese population involving 1140 subjects. Both serum level and genotype data of IL-10 -1082G/A were determined. As a result, a low prevalence of G allele was observed. Significantly higher IL-10 production was observed in HCV patients, especially patients with the GG genotype.

背景与目标： : 最近越来越多的报道了免疫抑制细胞因子interleukin-10 (IL-10) 对丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 感染结果的影响。许多多态性似乎控制了IL-10的产生水平。其中，IL-10基因中的-592C/A、-819C/T和-1082G/A是研究最多的三个单核苷酸多态性。为了提供关于他们与HCV感染风险的关系的更明确的结论，通过合并和总结总共17项研究进行了荟萃分析。提供了选择遗传模型的生物学依据。结果表明，这些IL-10多态性与HCV感染易感性之间没有显着关联 [-592C/A: 优势比 (OR) 0.99，95% 置信区间 (CI) 0.78-1.25; -819C/T: 或0.90，95% CI 0.69-1.18; -1082G/A: 或1.34，95% CI 0.90-2.00]。但是，此分析并未考虑其他因素 (例如种族和病毒持久性) 可能导致的风险变化。因此，使用贝叶斯荟萃回归和亚组分析研究了种族和病毒持久性的影响。最后，在涉及1140名受试者的中国人群中进行了扩展的病例对照关联研究。测定IL-10 -1082G/A的血清水平和基因型数据。结果观察到G等位基因的患病率较低。在HCV患者中，尤其是具有GG基因型的患者中，观察到明显更高的IL-10产生。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We studied whether bovine pituitary thyrotropin (bTSH) or human recombinant thyrotropin (rhTSH) stimulated p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human thyrotropin receptor (CHO-hTSHR cells). We show that p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation was induced by both TSH preparations at similar levels in CHO-hTSHR cells and in wild-type CHO cells. In contrast, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production was stimulated by TSH only in CHO-hTSHR cells, demonstrating that p42/p44 MAPK stimulation was independent of the TSH receptor. Moreover, similar results were obtained with two other cell lines: the FRTL-5 thyroid cell line and the CCL39 fibroblast cell line. Maximal stimulation of p42/p44 MAPK phosphorylation was observed after a 5- to 10-minute incubation with bTSH and rhTSH preparations. At this time, the phosphorylation of GST-Elk1 was also increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by bTSH preparations. The phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPKs was abolished by PD 98059 and GF 109203X, indicating the involvement of MAPK kinases (MEK 1/2) and protein kinase C. In contrast, the activation of p42/p44 MAPKs was insensitive to H89, to cholera toxin and to pertussis toxin. These data suggest that the protein kinase A pathway was not implicated in p42/p44 MAPK activation by TSH preparations. Moreover, Gs or Gi/Go proteins do not appear to participate in p42/p44 MAPK activation. We also showed that these TSH preparations failed to induce activation of c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase. We therefore conclude that the commercial TSH preparations used in this study contained factor(s) responsible for the specific activation of p42/p44 MAPKs by a TSH receptor-independent mechanism.

背景与目标： : 我们研究了牛垂体促甲状腺激素 (bTSH) 或人重组促甲状腺激素 (rhTSH) 是否刺激了表达人促甲状腺激素受体 (CHO-hTSHR细胞) 的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的p42/p44丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPKs)。我们显示，在CHO-hTSHR细胞和野生型CHO细胞中，两种TSH制剂均以相似水平诱导p42/p44 MAPK磷酸化。相反，仅在CHO-hTSHR细胞中，TSH刺激了环磷酸腺苷 (cAMP) 的产生，表明p42/p44 MAPK刺激独立于TSH受体。此外，用另外两种细胞系获得了类似的结果: FRTL-5甲状腺细胞系和CCL39成纤维细胞系。与bTSH和rhTSH制剂孵育5至10分钟后，观察到p42/p44 MAPK磷酸化的最大刺激。此时，GST-Elk1的磷酸化也通过bTSH制剂以时间和浓度依赖的方式增加。PD 98059和GF 109203X消除了p42/p44 MAPKs的磷酸化，表明MAPK激酶 (MEK 1/2) 和蛋白激酶C参与。相反，p42/p44 MAPKs的激活对H89，霍乱毒素和百日咳毒素不敏感。这些数据表明，蛋白激酶A途径与TSH制剂的p42/p44 MAPK激活无关。此外，Gs或Gi/Go蛋白似乎不参与p42/p44 MAPK激活。我们还表明，这些TSH制剂未能诱导c 6月NH2末端激酶的激活。因此，我们得出结论，本研究中使用的商业TSH制剂包含负责通过TSH受体非依赖性机制特异性激活p42/p44 MAPKs的因子。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Chinese herbal formula consisting of Astragalus membranaceus, Epimedium brevicornum, Paeoniae Alba Radix and Radix Ophiopogonis in proper proportions were adopted in order to investigate the immunoenhancing properties of the herbal formula. Fifty ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (NS- NS+Hy-L+Hy-M+Hy-H+Hy ). The mice in hydrocortisone (Hy) groups were injected with hydrocortisone i.p. to induce the immunosuppressive condition. The mice in group NS were administered with normal saline as controls. The mice in groups NS+Hy-L+Hy-M+Hy-H+Hy were administered with normal saline, low, moderate and high dose of the herbal prescription respectively by gavage for 6 days. The level of serum hemolysin, the function of antibody function cell-AFC-and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio were measured at the end of experiments. The results showed that the level of serum hemolysin, the function of AFC and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio in L+Hy-M+Hy-H+Hy groups increased significantly compared with those in NS or NS+Hy groups. These results indicate that Chinese herbal medicine prescription can enhance humoral immunity and cellular immune function of the immunosuppressive mouse.

背景与目标： : 为了研究中药配方的免疫增强特性，采用了由黄芪，淫羊藿，白芍和麦冬组成的适当比例的中草药配方。将50只ICR小鼠随机分为5组 (NS- NS Hy-L Hy-M Hy-H Hy)。氢化可的松 (Hy) 组的小鼠注射氢化可的松i.p.诱导免疫抑制条件。NS组小鼠以生理盐水作为对照组。NS + Hy-L + Hy-M + Hy-H + Hy组小鼠分别用生理盐水、低、中、高剂量中药处方灌胃6天。在实验结束时测量血清溶血素水平，抗体功能细胞-AFC-和CD4 +/CD8 + T细胞比率。结果表明，与NS或NS Hy组相比，L Hy-M Hy组的血清溶血素水平，AFC功能和CD4 ^/CD8 ^ T细胞比率显着增加。这些结果表明，中药方剂可以增强免疫抑制小鼠的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Seventy-two adult Chinese HIV-positive treatment-naïve patients were recruited in a study to evaluate prospectively the associations between CYP2B6 516 G/T polymorphisms and sleep quality following treatment with an efavirenz-based regimen. Overall, the patients gave an allelic frequency of 0.3 for CYP2B6 516 T, and a genotype frequency of 9.4% for TT. Compared to GG, GT gave a higher median value of plasma efavirenz level at four weeks (3.77 mg/L vs 2.59 mg/L, p < 0.001) and 12 months (3.57 mg/L vs 2.97 mg/L, p = 0.026). Using generalised estimating equations analysis to track the variance over time, there was poorer Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in GT compared to GG, while GT was associated with a higher efavirenz level of >4 mg/L. There was however no difference in the component sleep scores nor was there direct association between sleep quality and plasma efavirenz levels. The results suggested that CYP2B6 genotype was associated with different patterns of sleep problems, further investigation of which is warranted with the objective of optimizing therapy with efavirenz-based regimens.

背景与目标： : 在一项研究中招募了72名成年中国HIV阳性治疗初治患者，以前瞻性评估CYP2B6 516G/T多态性与基于依非韦伦的方案治疗后睡眠质量之间的关联。总体而言，患者516 T给予CYP2B6的等位基因频率为0.3，而TT的基因型频率为9.4%。与GG相比，GT在4周 (3.77 mg/L vs 2.59 mg/L，p <0.001) 和12个月 (3.57 mg/L vs 2.97 mg/L，p = 0.026) 时的血浆依非韦伦水平中位数更高。使用广义估计方程分析来跟踪随时间的变化，与GG相比，GT的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数较差，而GT与较高的efavirenz水平> 4 mg/L相关。然而，睡眠评分的组成部分没有差异，睡眠质量与血浆依非韦伦水平之间也没有直接关联。结果表明，CYP2B6基因型与不同模式的睡眠问题有关，有必要对其进行进一步研究，以优化基于依非韦伦的治疗方案。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Dysregulated circular RNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Recent studies indicate that has_circ_0001649 lowly expressed in multiple types of cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of has_circ_0001649 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for Chinese patients with cancer. METHODS:Adhering to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, systematic literature searches were performed using Pubmed, Embase, and the web of Science to retrieve articles fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The significance of has_circ_0001649 in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients were evaluated. Meta-Disc 1. 4 and STATA 12. 0 were used to analyze the data from collected studies. RESULTS:Eleven articles with 761 patients were included in present meta-analysis, of which 4 were about diagnosis, 5 were about prognosis, and 6 were about tumor differentiation grade. For the diagnostic value of has_circ_0001649, the pooled results for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio with their 95% confidential intervals were 0. 78 (0. 73-0. 83), 0. 75 (0. 70-0. 80), 3. 17 (2. 56-3. 93), 0. 29 (0. 23-0. 36), and 11. 41 (7. 80-16. 7), respectively. The area under the curve of summary receiver operator characteristic was 0.8408 (Q = 0. 7725). Meanwhile, the result showed no obvious publication bias in this analysis for the P-value of Deeks' test was .489. For the prognostic value, the pooled hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.45 (0.324-0.626). Lower expression of has_circ_0001649 was also prone to lower tumor differentiation grade (odds ratio = 2.58, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS:Has_circ_0001649 could be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in solid cancer. Further prospective studies are required to validate its clinical application.

背景与目标：