• 【在2002 2012年期间接受治疗的瑞典肾细胞癌患者的总体生存率: RENCOMP研究的更新,并对同步转移和老年人群进行亚组分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.05.013 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lindskog M,Wahlgren T,Sandin R,Kowalski J,Jakobsson M,Lundstam S,Ljungberg B,Harmenberg U
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:This retrospective study investigated overall survival (OS) and factors influencing OS in Swedish patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) during the pre- (2002-2005), early (2006-2008), and late (2009-2012) targeted therapy (TT) era. METHODS:Three national Swedish registries identified patients with mRCC. Median OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Subgroup analysis was conducted for patients with synchronous metastases (M1) and the elderly (aged≥75y). RESULTS:A total of 4,217 patients with mRCC were identified, including 1,533 patients with M1 and 1,275 elderly patients. For patients with mRCC diagnosed in 2002 to 2005, 2006 to 2008, and 2009 to 2012, median OS was 10.0, 13.0, and 18.0 months. Similarly, median OS improved in the M1 and elderly populations. Elderly patients were less likely to be prescribed TT (≥75 vs.<75y): 18.3 vs. 63.5% (in 2006-2008) and 28.6% vs. 55.9% (in 2009-2012). Diagnosis of mRCC in 2009 to 2012, nephrectomy and TT prescription were associated with improved OS in the total mRCC, M1, and elderly populations. CONCLUSION:This real-world study showed continued significant improvement in mRCC OS during the late TT era, including in M1 and elderly populations. TT should be considered for all patients with mRCC based on tolerability, regardless of age.
    背景与目标:
  • 【上皮干细胞样细胞脂肪生成的升高赋予乳腺癌原位导管癌的生存优势。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/onc.2012.519 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pandey PR,Xing F,Sharma S,Watabe M,Pai SK,Iiizumi-Gairani M,Fukuda K,Hirota S,Mo YY,Watabe K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Upregulation of lipogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and blocking the lipogenic pathway is known to cause tumor cell death by apoptosis. However, the exact role of lipogenesis in tumor initiation is as yet poorly understood. We examined the expression profile of key lipogenic genes in clinical samples of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of breast cancer and found that these genes were significantly upregulated in DCIS. We also isolated cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) from DCIS.com cell line using cell surface markers (CS24(-)CD44(+)ESA(+)) and found that this cell population has significantly higher tumor-initiating ability to generate DCIS compared with the non-stem-like population. Furthermore, the CSCs showed significantly higher level of expression of all lipogenic genes than the counterpart population from non-tumorigenic breast cancer cell line, MCF10A. Importantly, ectopic expression of SREBP1, the master regulator of lipogenic genes, in MCF10A significantly enhanced lipogenesis in stem-like cells and promoted cell growth as well as mammosphere formation. Moreover, SREBP1 expression significantly increased the ability of cell survival of CSCs from MCF10AT, another cell line that is capable of generating DCIS, in mouse and in cell culture. These results indicate that upregulation of lipogenesis is a pre-requisite for DCIS formation by endowing the ability of cell survival. We have also shown that resveratrol was capable of blocking the lipogenic gene expression in CSCs and significantly suppressed their ability to generate DCIS in animals, which provides us with a strong rationale to use this agent for chemoprevention against DCIS.
    背景与目标: : 脂肪生成的上调是癌症的标志,已知阻断脂肪生成途径会通过凋亡导致肿瘤细胞死亡。然而,脂肪生成在肿瘤起始中的确切作用尚不清楚。我们检查了乳腺癌导管原位癌 (DCIS) 临床样本中关键脂原基因的表达谱,发现这些基因在DCIS中显着上调。我们还使用细胞表面标记 (CS24(-)CD44(+)ESA(+)) 从DCIS.com细胞系中分离出癌症干细胞样细胞 (CSCs),发现该细胞群与非干细胞样群体相比,产生DCIS的肿瘤起始能力明显更高。此外,与来自非致瘤性乳腺癌细胞系MCF10A的对应群体相比,CSCs显示出所有脂质基因的表达水平显着更高。重要的是,MCF10A中脂肪生成基因的主要调节剂SREBP1的异位表达显着增强了干细胞样细胞的脂肪生成,并促进了细胞生长和mammohere形成。此外,SREBP1的表达显着提高了MCF10AT (另一种能够产生DCIS的细胞系) 在小鼠和细胞培养中的CSCs的细胞存活能力。这些结果表明,通过赋予细胞存活能力,脂肪生成的上调是DCIS形成的先决条件。我们还表明,白藜芦醇能够阻断CSCs中的脂肪基因表达,并显着抑制其在动物中产生DCIS的能力,这为我们提供了使用该药物对DCIS进行化学预防的有力依据。
  • 【血液透析开始前合并症的进展是事件患者生存的有价值的预测指标。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfs512 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ng YY,Hung YN,Wu SC,Ko PJ,Hwang SM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Most studies investigate the association between the baseline Romano-Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and survival on hemodialysis (HD). Few consider the effect of progression in the CCI score (CCIp) on patient survival before HD initiation. That is CCIp = CCI-1 - CCI-3, where CCI(-1) is the CCI score in the first year before HD initiation, and CCI-3 is the CCI score in the third year before HD initiation. The present study investigated whether CCIp affects the survival of incident HD patients. METHODS:Using the National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database of Taiwan, we recruited 7391 adult incident HD patients in the year 2006 for this historical cohort study. We followed the cohort until the end of 2007. Using the Romano-Charlson method, each comorbidity was assigned a score of 1, 2, 3 or 6. The scores were then summed to produce a total score (CCI), which predicts mortality. The log-rank test and a Cox regression model were used to analyze the association between CCIp and survival, and the risk markers of survival. RESULTS:Diabetes, ulcers, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease were the most common comorbid conditions. The median CCI-3 was 2 (interquartile range 0-3). The overall survival rate in 1 year was 82.8%. In incident patients with a CCI-3 score of <3, the rate was 85.1%, and in patients with a CCI-3 score of ≥ 3, the rate was 76.8%. Each increase of one point in the CCI-3 score (HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.42-2.01) and the CCIp (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.17-1.27) affected survival in HD patients. CONCLUSIONS:The CCI-3 and CCIp before HD initiation are valuable predictors of survival in incident patients.
    背景与目标:
  • 【2岁儿童出现肺动脉吊带和气管支气管。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.5761/atcs.cr.12.01971 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lovett M,Entrikin D,Ungerleider R,Ootaki Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Pulmonary artery sling is an incomplete vascular ring, the result of the left pulmonary artery arising from the right pulmonary artery and effectively constricting the airway, and it usually presents within the first weeks to months of life. We report a surgical correction of tracheal stenosis for a two-year-old patient associated with pulmonary artery sling and tracheal broncus.
    背景与目标: 肺动脉吊带是一种不完整的血管环,是左肺动脉从右肺动脉产生并有效收缩气道的结果,通常在生命的最初几周到几个月内出现。我们报告了一名两岁的肺动脉吊带和气管支气管相关患者的气管狭窄手术矫正。
  • 【学龄前儿童姿势和姿势转变的客观测量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1088/0967-3334/33/11/1913 复制DOI
    作者列表:Davies G,Reilly JJ,Paton JY
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recent evidence suggests that between-individual variation in posture and posture transitions may have important health consequences in adults. The early life development of between-individual variation in posture and posture transitions has not been studied, and the physiological consequences of such variations in childhood are unknown, largely because of the absence of objective methods for measuring posture and posture transitions in young children. This study aimed to examine the objective measurement of posture transitions in pre-school children with the activPAL™ monitor (PAL Technologies, Glasgow). Single-unit activity monitors such as the activPAL™ have a limited output, with data categorized as 'sit/lie', 'stand' or 'walk' and the consequences of this for measurement of posture transitions in young children are unknown. Thirty children (mean age 4.1 years) were videoed for 1 h in nursery while wearing an activPAL™. Video was analysed on a second-by-second basis, with all postures categorized. From direct observation, time spent was sit/lie 46%; stand 35%; walk/run 16%; 3% was spent in heterogeneous non-sit/lie/upright postures (crawl, crouch, and kneel up). Despite these 'non-standard' postures being responsible for a low proportion of time, posture transitions involving them contributed to 34% of total transitions. There was a significant rank-order correlation (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) between the number of posture transitions measured by activPAL™ and by direct observation. 'Non-standard' postures in young children are probably not a problem if the aim is to measure total time sedentary or active, and the activPAL™ may measure between-individual variation in transitions adequately in young children. However, non-standard postures may present problems for the detailed characterization of posture transitions in early childhood.
    背景与目标: : 最近的证据表明,姿势和姿势转换的个体间差异可能对成年人的健康产生重要影响。尚未研究姿势和姿势转换的个体间变化的早期生活发展,并且这种变化在儿童时期的生理后果尚不清楚,这主要是因为缺乏客观的方法来测量幼儿的姿势和姿势转换。这项研究旨在检查activPAL学龄前儿童姿势转变的客观测量™监视器 (格拉斯哥PAL Technologies)。单单元活动监视器,如activPAL™输出有限,数据分类为 “坐/坐”,“站立” 或 “步行”,其对测量幼儿姿势转变的后果尚不清楚。30名儿童 (平均年龄4.1岁) 在托儿所观看了1小时的视频,同时穿着activPAL™。对视频进行了逐秒分析,并对所有姿势进行了分类。从直接观察来看,花费的时间是坐/躺46%; 站立35%; 步行/跑步16%; 3% 是在异质的非坐/躺/直立姿势 (爬行,蹲下和跪下) 中度过的。尽管这些 “非标准” 姿势负责低比例的时间,但涉及它们的姿势转变有助于34% 总转变。activPAL测量的姿势转换次数之间存在显着的顺序相关性 (r = 0.79,p <0.0001)™通过直接观察。如果目的是测量久坐或活动的总时间,那么幼儿的 “非标准” 姿势可能不是问题,而activPAL™可以充分衡量幼儿过渡中的个体间差异。但是,非标准姿势可能会为儿童早期姿势转变的详细表征带来问题。
  • 【血清甲胎蛋白的半衰期: 肝细胞癌肝切除术后复发和生存的早期预后指标。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318273be70 复制DOI
    作者列表:Shim JH,Han S,Lee YJ,Lee SG,Kim KM,Lim YS,Chung YH,Lee YS,Lee HC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To explore the prognostic value of the postsurgical half-life (HL) of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). BACKGROUND:There is still a paucity of early surrogate indicators of clinical endpoints after liver resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS:The analysis was based on cohorts of 225 (exploration set) and 117 (validation set) treatment-naïve HCC patients undergoing curative liver resection. We defined 3 categories of AFP HL: early complete resolution of AFP, normal HL, and prolonged HL if the HL exceeded 7 days. Overall, probabilities of recurrence and survival were estimated and compared across the AFP HL categories. RESULTS:In the exploration cohort, 48 patients (21.3%) achieved early AFP complete resolution, 116 (51.6%) had normal HL, and 61 (27.1%) had prolonged HL. Long AFP HL was significantly associated with early postoperative recurrence (P < 0.001), as was microvascular invasion. Early recurrence within 2 years of resection was observed in 59% of the patients with prolonged AFP HL compared with only 29.3% of those with normal AFP HL (P < 0.001). A log-rank test followed by multivariate Cox analysis identified an independent function of prolonged AFP HL in predicting shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival time after HCC resection (hazard ratios, 2.81 and 3.58; P < 0.001). When AFP HL analysis was applied to the validation cohort, the association between prolonged AFP HL and survival endpoints (hazard ratio, 11.63 and 16.39; P < 0.001) was confirmed.
    背景与目标:
  • 【儿童踝关节软骨脂肪瘤: 一例报告。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1053/j.jfas.2017.04.031 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ishibashi T,Nishio J,Kobayashi S,Shiramizu K,Yamamoto T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chondrolipoma is an extremely rare variant of lipoma with cartilaginous metaplasia. The presence of nonlipomatous components can lead to a variety of entities in the differential diagnosis from the radiologic findings. We describe an unusual case of a chondrolipoma occurring in the right ankle of a 9-year-old female. Physical examination showed a 3.5-cm, elastic-hard, poorly mobile, nontender mass adherent to the Achilles tendon. Plain radiographs revealed a faintly calcified soft tissue mass without bone involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined mass with 2 components with heterogeneous signal intensity, suggesting the coexistence of a fatty area and another nonlipomatous component. Marginal excision of the tumor was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of mature adipose tissue studded with islands of mature hyaline cartilage. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a chondrolipoma. The patient had no evidence of local recurrence within 9 months of follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of chondrolipoma originating from the ankle in a child.
    背景与目标: : 软骨脂肪瘤是脂肪瘤的一种极其罕见的变异型软骨化生。非脂肪瘤性成分的存在可导致放射学发现的鉴别诊断疾病中的各种实体。我们描述了一个9岁女性右脚踝发生软骨脂肪瘤的不寻常病例。体格检查显示跟腱附着有3.5厘米,弹性坚硬,移动不良,不柔软的肿块。X线平片显示微弱的钙化软组织肿块,没有骨受累。磁共振成像显示出一个明确的质量,其中有2个成分,信号强度不均匀,表明脂肪区域和另一种非脂肪瘤成分并存。进行了肿瘤的边缘切除术。从组织学上讲,肿瘤由成熟的脂肪组织组成,这些脂肪组织散布着成熟的透明软骨岛。根据这些发现,该肿瘤被诊断为软骨脂肪瘤。在随访的9个月内,患者没有局部复发的证据。据我们所知,这是第一例起源于儿童脚踝的软骨脂肪瘤。
  • 【阿霉素扩张型心肌病的心脏移植存活结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.10.048 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lenneman AJ,Wang L,Wigger M,Frangoul H,Harrell FE,Silverstein C,Sawyer DB,Lenneman CG
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In 2015, there will be an estimated 11.3 million cancer survivors. With an increasing population of cancer survivors, it is imperative to understand the treatment options available and outcomes for chemotherapy-related cardiomyopathy. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy causes heart failure in approximately 5% of patients. Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is an option for cancer survivors in complete remission who develop end-stage heart failure. We examined retrospective OHT data collected from the United Network of Organ Sharing from 1987 to 2011. The primary aim was to characterize the survival in patients with either the primary diagnosis of "dilated cardiomyopathy: Adriamycin" (DCA) versus "all other" causes of cardiomyopathy. The secondary aim was to define the differences in the primary cause of death and to describe the temporal relationship of DCA OHT. The United Network of Organ Sharing database identified 453 OHTs for the diagnosis of DCA and 51,312 OHTs for all other causes of cardiomyopathy. The DCA group was significantly younger with a greater percentage of women. After adjusting for age, gender, and history of malignancy, the 10-year survival curves showed that patients with DCA have an improved survival compared to those with all other causes of cardiomyopathy (hazard ratio 1.28, p = 0.026). No difference was found in the primary cause of death between the 2 groups. A statistically significant increasing temporal trend was seen in the number of OHTs for the diagnosis DCA. In conclusion, patients who undergo OHT for DCA have favorable 10-year survival, making OHT a good therapeutic option for end-stage heart failure due to anthracyclines. Additionally, no increased risk of cancer-related deaths was found in the DCA group, demonstrating that recurrent malignancy does not affect long-term survival. The temporal trends demonstrated that DCA remains a significant problem for cancer survivors.
    背景与目标: : 2015年,估计将有1130万名癌症幸存者。随着癌症幸存者人数的增加,必须了解与化疗相关的心肌病的可用治疗选择和结果。基于蒽环类药物的化疗在大约5% 的患者中引起心力衰竭。原位心脏移植 (OHT) 是完全缓解并发展为终末期心力衰竭的癌症幸存者的一种选择。我们检查了从器官共享1987年2011年联合网络收集的回顾性OHT数据。主要目的是表征主要诊断为 “扩张型心肌病: 阿霉素” (DCA) 与 “所有其他” 心肌病原因的患者的生存率。次要目的是定义主要死亡原因的差异并描述DCA OHT的时间关系。器官共享数据库联合网络确定了用于诊断DCA的453 oht和用于所有其他原因的心肌病的51,312 oht。DCA组明显年轻,女性比例更高。在调整了年龄,性别和恶性肿瘤病史后,10年生存曲线显示,DCA患者与所有其他原因的心肌病患者相比,生存率有所提高 (风险比1.28,p = 0.026)。两组之间的主要死亡原因没有发现差异。在诊断DCA的oht数量中,统计学上显着增加的时间趋势。总之,接受OHT治疗DCA的患者具有良好的10年生存率,这使OHT成为蒽环类药物导致的终末期心力衰竭的良好治疗选择。此外,在DCA组中没有发现癌症相关死亡的风险增加,这表明复发性恶性肿瘤不会影响长期生存。时间趋势表明,DCA仍然是癌症幸存者的重要问题。
  • 【验证同种异体BMT中院内非专业护理伙伴支持对患者生存的积极影响: 一项前瞻性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/bmt.2012.208 复制DOI
    作者列表:Foster LW,McLellan L,Rybicki L,Dabney J,Copelan E,Bolwell B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This prospective study validates the finding from retrospective research that having an inpatient lay care-partner (CP) is associated with better survival following allogeneic BMT. Compared with patients without a CP (n=76), patients with a CP (n=88) have significantly better OS (P=0.017) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P=0.020). Four-year and median survivals were 42% and 36 months among patients with CPs, compared with 26% and 10 months among those without CPs. Four-year survival and median RFS were 39% and 25 months among those with CPs, compared with 23% and 7 months among those without CPs. Further, better survival and RFS were associated with CP visit duration of >3 h per day (P=0.005 and P=0.007, respectively) and with CP frequency of visits >75% of inpatient days (P=0.004 and P=0.010, respectively). A CP support program should encourage not only presence of a CP but also duration and frequency of CP visits associated with better patient survival.
    背景与目标: : 这项前瞻性研究证实了回顾性研究的发现,即拥有住院非专业护理伴侣 (CP) 与同种异体BMT后更好的生存率相关。与没有CP的患者 (n = 76) 相比,具有CP的患者 (n = 88) 具有明显更好的OS (P = 0.017) 和无复发生存率 (RFS) (P = 0.020)。CPs患者的4年和中位生存期分别为42% 和36个月,而无CPs的患者为26% 和10个月。患有CPs的患者的四年生存率和中位RFS分别为39% 和25个月,而没有CPs的患者为23% 和7个月。此外,更好的生存率和RFS与每天> 3 h的CP访视时间 (分别为P = 0.005和P = 0.007) 和CP访视频率> 住院天数的75% (分别为P = 0.004和P = 0.010) 相关。CP支持计划不仅应鼓励CP的存在,而且还应鼓励CP就诊的持续时间和频率与更好的患者生存率相关。
  • 【CD11c在慢性淋巴细胞白血病中的表达与并发症和生存有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/ijlh.12695 复制DOI
    作者列表:Umit EG,Baysal M,Durmus Y,Demir AM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disorder of mature but dysfunctional monoclonal B cells. Microenvironment, antigenic stimulation and genetical mutations are demonstrated in etiopathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the expression of CD11c in patients with CLL and its possible clinical significance. METHODS:Data of 259 patients with CLL between 2010 and 2016 in Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, including age at diagnosis, sex, whole blood count, stage, percentage of CLL cells in bone marrow, line of treatments, development of Richter's transformation and secondary tumors, autoimmune complications, IgG level, prognostic cytogenetic analysis, and length of survival were recorded from files. RESULTS:151 patients were male (58.3%) and 108 were male (41.7%). Mean age was 70 (21-92) years. CD11c was observed to be positive (>%20) in 103 patients (39.8%). Development of Richter's transformation, secondary tumors and ITP was significantly frequent in patients with CD11c positivity (P values .000, .003, .000 respectively). Also, IgG levels were significantly lower in this group (P = .000). Hemoglobin level, RAI stage and bone marrow CLL infiltration percentage were statistically related with CD11c (P values .036, .037, .000 respectively). Finally, CD11c was statistically related (in positive group 70 months, negative group 79 months, P = .001). CONCLUSION:CD11c, expressed not only in Hairy cell leukemia but also in dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytes is a differentiation marker for inflammation. Prolonged inflammation in the microenvironment of CLL cells may cause a susceptibility to autoimmune disorders and secondary tumors in CLL, in this way, an increase in mortality.
    背景与目标:
  • 【转移至区域烧伤中心的患者的结果分析: 转移状态不影响生存率。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.001 复制DOI
    作者列表:Klein MB,Nathens AB,Heimbach DM,Gibran NS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Optimal burn care is provided at specialized burn centers. Given the geographic location of these centers, many burn patients receive initial treatment at local emergency departments prior to transfer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients transferred from other facilities have worse outcomes than those admitted directly from the field. STUDY DESIGN:A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing the outcomes of patients admitted to our burn center directly from the field with patients requiring transfer from a preliminary care facility. The outcomes of interest were mortality, length of stay, length of stay/TBSA burned, number of operations and hospital charges. Poisson regression or Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate differences in outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS:From 2000 to 2003 a total of 1877 patients were admitted to our burn center and 953 (51%) were transferred from a preliminary care facility. No difference (p<0.05) was found in length of stay, number of operations, hospital charges and mortality between the two cohorts. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that patients transferred to a regional burn center from local hospitals have equivalent mortality, length of stay and hospital charges as those admitted directly from the field.
    背景与目标:
  • 【胃癌和大肠癌肝转移生存率的比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Taniguchi H,Takahashi T,Sawai K,Yamaguchi T,Hagiwara A,Kitamura K,Hoshima M,Masuyama M,Mugitani T,Takada A,Yamaguchi A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND/AIM:The outcome after hepatectomy and non-surgical treatment of liver metastases from gastric and colorectal malignancies are reported.

    METHODOLOGY:Between April 1988 and March 1994, 176 patients with metastatic liver cancer were treated at the First Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital.

    RESULTS:All patients received multi-disciplinary treatment, and 51 underwent hepatectomy. The survival after hepatectomy for metastatic liver cancer from a colorectal primary was better than that for gastric cancer. The survival after hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) therapy for metastases from gastric cancer was better than that for colorectal cancer.

    CONCLUSION:Surgical resection may be the best treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. HAI may be a better option for liver metastases from gastric cancer.

    背景与目标: 背景/目的 : 报告了肝切除术和非手术治疗胃和结直肠癌肝转移后的结果。
    方法 : 在1988年4月和1994年3月之间,京都府立医科大学医院第一外科治疗了176例转移性肝癌患者。
    结果 : 所有患者均接受了多学科治疗,其中51例接受了肝切除术。结直肠原发性转移性肝癌的肝切除术后生存率优于胃癌。胃癌转移的肝动脉灌注 (HAI) 治疗后的生存率优于大肠癌。
    结论 : 手术切除可能是治疗大肠癌肝转移的最佳方法。HAI可能是胃癌肝转移的更好选择。
  • 【经导管治疗儿童膜周室间隔缺损,继发孔型房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2459/01.JCM.0000247327.88030.12 复制DOI
    作者列表:Butera G,Piazza L,Hijazi Z,Chessa M,Carminati M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A 4-year-old child with patent ductus arteriosus, perimembranous ventricular septal defect and ostium secundum atrial septal defect was successfully treated with the use of a simultaneous transcatheter for all of the anomalies present. The patent ductus arteriosus was closed first by using a coil, then the perimembranous ventricular septal defect was closed by using a 10-mm Amplatzer eccentric device. Finally, a 10-mm Amplatzer atrial septal defect device was implanted to treat the atrial septal defect.
    背景与目标: : 一名4岁的动脉导管未闭,膜周性室间隔缺损和继发孔房间隔缺损的儿童,已成功使用同时经导管治疗所有存在的异常。首先使用线圈闭合动脉导管未闭,然后使用10mm Amplatzer偏心装置闭合膜周室间隔缺损。最后,植入了10mm Amplatzer房间隔缺损装置来治疗房间隔缺损。
  • 【Bcl-x和免疫系统中存活的调节。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/BF02786359 复制DOI
    作者列表:Behrens TW,Mueller DL
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: A variety of experimental models indicate that programmed cell death, or apoptosis, of lymphocytes is a key mechanism in the homeostatic regulation of immunity. Apoptosis is important in early B- and T-cell development to delete cells with nonfunctional antigen receptors, and is also critical for censoring self-reactive cells at the immature lymphocyte stage and at various stages after lymphocytes reach maturity. In this article we focus on the role of the apoptosis regulatory gene bcl-x in controlling survival during lymphocyte development and following B- and T-cell activation. Interesting parallels are observed for bcl-x expression between the B- and T-lineages. The available data also indicate that bcl-x and bcl-2 are expressed in reciprocal patterns during the lifespan of a lymphocyte, suggesting unique regulatory roles for these two survival proteins.

    背景与目标: 多种实验模型表明,淋巴细胞的程序性细胞死亡或凋亡是免疫稳态调节的关键机制。凋亡在早期b细胞和T细胞发育中很重要,可以删除具有无功能抗原受体的细胞,并且对于在未成熟淋巴细胞阶段和淋巴细胞成熟后的各个阶段审查自我反应细胞也至关重要。在本文中,我们专注于凋亡调节基因bcl-x在控制淋巴细胞发育期间以及b细胞和T细胞活化后的存活中的作用。在B谱系和T谱系之间观察到bcl-x表达的有趣的相似之处。现有数据还表明,bcl-x和bcl-2在淋巴细胞的寿命期间以相互模式表达,这表明这两种存活蛋白具有独特的调节作用。
  • 【倒计时2015年: 跟踪儿童生存的干预覆盖面。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69339-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bryce J,Terreri N,Victora CG,Mason E,Daelmans B,Bhutta ZA,Bustreo F,Songane F,Salama P,Wardlaw T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) calls for a two-thirds' reduction between 1990 and 2015 in deaths of children younger than five years; achieving this will require widespread use of effective interventions, especially in poor countries. We present the first report of the Child Survival Countdown, a worldwide effort to monitor coverage of key child-survival interventions in 60 countries with the world's highest numbers or rates of child mortality. METHODS:In 2005, we developed a profile for each of the 60 countries to summarise information on coverage with essential child survival interventions. The profiles also present information on demographics, nutritional status, major causes of death in children under 5 years of age, and the status of selected health policies. Progress toward the fourth MDG is summarised by comparing the average annual rate of reduction in under-5 mortality in each country with that needed to achieve the goal. The profiles also include a comparison of the proportions of children in the poorest and richest quintiles of the population who received six or more essential prevention interventions. Each country's progress (as measured by defined indicators of intervention coverage) was put into one of three groups created on the basis of international targets: "on track"; "watch and act"; and "high alert". For indicators without targets, arbitrary thresholds for high, middle, and low performance across the 60 countries were used as a basis for categorisation. FINDINGS:Only seven countries are on track to met MDG-4, 39 countries are making some progress, although they need to accelerate the speed, and 14 countries are cause for serious concern. Coverage of the key child survival interventions remains critically low, although some countries have made substantial improvements in increasing the proportion of mothers and children with access to life saving interventions by as much as ten percentage points in 2 years. Children from the poorest families were less likely than those from wealthier families to have received at least six essential prevention interventions. INTERPRETATION:Our results show that tremendous efforts are urgently needed to achieve the MDG for child survival. Profiles for each country show where efforts need to be intensified, and highlight the extent to which prevention interventions are being delivered equitably and reaching poor families. This first report also shows country-specific improvements in coverage and highlights missed opportunities. The "Countdown to 2015" will report on progress every 2 years as a strategy for increasing accountability worldwide for progress in child survival.
    背景与目标:

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