Nuclear protein in testis (NUT)-midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare, aggressive disease typically presenting with a single t(15;19) translocation that results in the generation of a bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)-NUT fusion. PER-624 is a cell line generated from an NMC patient with an unusually complex karyotype that gave no initial indication of the involvement of the NUT locus. Analysis of PER-624 next-generation transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) using the algorithm FusionFinder identified a novel transcript in which Exon 15 of BRD4 was fused to Exon 2 of NUT, therefore differing from all published NMC fusion transcripts. The three additional exons contained in the PER-624 fusion encode a series of polyproline repeats, with one predicted to form a helix. In the NMC cell line PER-403, we identified the 'standard' NMC fusion and two novel isoforms. Knockdown by small interfering RNA in either cell line resulted in decreased proliferation, increased cell size and expression of cytokeratins consistent with epithelial differentiation. These data demonstrate that the novel BRD4-NUT fusion in PER-624 encodes a functional protein that is central to the oncogenic mechanism in these cells. Genomic PCR indicated that in both PER-624 and PER-403, the translocation fuses an intron of BRD4 to a region upstream of the NUT coding sequence. Thus, the generation of BRD4-NUT fusion transcripts through post-translocation RNA-splicing appears to be a common feature of these carcinomas that has not previously been appreciated, with the mechanism facilitating the expression of alternative isoforms of the fusion. Finally, ectopic expression of wild-type NUT, a protein normally restricted to the testis, could be demonstrated in PER-403, indicating additional pathways for aberrant cell signaling in NMC. This study contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity of NMC, an important step towards finding therapeutic targets for a disease that is refractory to current treatments.

译文

:睾丸(NUT)-中线癌(NMC)中的核蛋白是一种罕见的侵袭性疾病,通常表现为单个t(15; 19)易位,导致含溴结构域的蛋白4(BRD4)-NUT融合的产生。 PER-624是由具有异常复杂核型的NMC患者产生的细胞系,未初步显示NUT基因座的参与。使用FusionFinder算法对PER-624下一代转录组测序(RNA-Seq)进行分析,发现了一种新颖的转录本,其中BRD4的第15外显子与NUT的第2外显子融合,因此不同于所有已发表的NMC融合转录本。 PER-624融合物中包含的三个附加外显子编码一系列聚脯氨酸重复序列,其中一个被预测会形成螺旋。在NMC细胞系PER-403中,我们确定了“标准” NMC融合蛋白和两种新型同工型。在任一细胞系中通过小分子干扰RNA敲低导致增殖减少,细胞大小增加和与上皮分化一致的细胞角蛋白表达。这些数据表明,PER-624中的新型BRD4-NUT融合蛋白编码的功能蛋白是这些细胞中致癌机制的核心。基因组PCR表明,在PER-624和PER-403中,易位将BRD4的内含子融合到NUT编码序列上游的区域。因此,通过易位后RNA剪接产生BRD4-NUT融合转录本似乎是这些癌的一个共同特征,以前尚未被人们认识到,其机制促进了融合的其他亚型的表达。最后,可以在PER-403中证实野生型NUT(通常限于睾丸的蛋白质)的异位表达,这表明NMC中异常细胞信号传导的其他途径。这项研究有助于我们了解NMC的遗传多样性,这是为目前治疗难以治疗的疾病寻找治疗靶标的重要一步。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录