• 【宫颈细胞学筛查-城市周围地区的知识,态度和实践。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bailie R,Pick W,Cooper D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practice of women living in peri-urban settlements with regard to screening for cervical cancer. METHOD:A community-based questionnaire survey of 165 women living in a defined area of Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement on the outskirts of Cape Town. RESULTS:Two hundred households were visited, with a response rate of 84%. Median age of respondents was 27.5 years. The majority of interviewees were married (53.3%), unemployed (61.5%), had an educational status of standard 4 or less (58.1%) and had been living in Cape Town for 4 years or more (64.3%). The median parity was 2 (range 0-11). Most interviewees were currently using contraception (52.4%). One-third (35.4%; 95% CI 28.1-42.7%) of interviewees had heard of the Pap smear. Of these women, most had obtained their information from the midwife obstetric unit (MOU), and this was the most commonly reported facility where Pap tests were known to be done. The majority of interviewees did not regard the test (or the prospect thereof) as embarrassing (88.4%), painful (89.1%) or harmful (90.9%), and indicated that they would have the test done (89.1%). The most important reason for choice of where the test should be done was proximity to place of residence (83.9%). More than one-third of interviewees reported having had a Pap test (37.2%; 95% CI 28.8-44.8%). The most common reason for not having had a test was that the interviewee had never heard of it (81.3%). Most had undergone the test at a MOU (65.6%), where it had been part of an antenatal work-up (80.3%). Fewer than half of the interviewees who had undergone a test knew the result of their test. CONCLUSION:The antenatal, obstetric and family planning services in the area have been effective, to a limited extent, in providing information and conducting screening. However, these services are missing many opportunities to fulfill this function, and knowledge and practice of cervical cytology screening in this community are poor. With the implementation of a rational policy for screening in this area there is the potential to achieve good coverage.
    背景与目标:
  • 【一种改进功率谱可视化的新方法,用于分选低温电子显微照片及其局部区域。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2006.06.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jonić S,Sorzano CO,Cottevieille M,Larquet E,Boisset N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In a context of automation of cryo-electron microscopy, we developed a novel method for improving visibility of diffraction rings in the power spectra of cryo-electron micrographs of vitreous ice (without carbon film or high concentration of diffracting material). We used these enhanced spectra to semi-automatically detect and remove micrographs and/or local areas introducing errors in the global 3D map (drifted and charged areas) or those unable to increase global signal-to-noise ratio (non-diffracting areas). Our strategy also allows a detection of micrographs/areas with a strong astigmatism. These images should be removed when using algorithms that do not correct astigmatism. Our sorting method is simple and fast since it uses the normalized cross-correlation between enhanced spectra and their copies rotated by 90 degrees. It owes its success mainly to the novel pre-processing of power spectra. The improved visibility also allows an easier visual check of accuracy of sorting. We show that our algorithm can even improve the visibility of diffraction rings of cryo-electron micrographs of pure water. Moreover, we show that this visibility depends strongly on ice thickness. This algorithm is implemented in the Xmipp (open-source image processing package) and is freely available for implementation in any other software package.
    背景与目标: : 在冷冻电子显微镜自动化的背景下,我们开发了一种新颖的方法,用于提高玻璃冰冷冻电子显微照片 (没有碳膜或高浓度衍射材料) 的功率谱中衍射环的可见性。我们使用这些增强的光谱来半自动检测和删除显微照片和/或在全局3D地图中引入错误的局部区域 (漂移和带电区域) 或无法增加全局信噪比的区域 (非衍射区域)。我们的策略还允许检测具有强散光的显微照片/区域。当使用不校正散光的算法时,应删除这些图像。我们的排序方法简单,快速,因为它使用了旋转90度的增强光谱及其副本之间的归一化互相关。它的成功主要归功于功率谱的新颖预处理。改进的可见性还可以更轻松地视觉检查排序的准确性。我们证明,我们的算法甚至可以提高纯水的低温电子显微照片的衍射环的可见性。此外,我们表明这种能见度在很大程度上取决于冰的厚度。此算法在Xmipp (开源图像处理包) 中实现,并且可以免费在任何其他软件包中实现。
  • 【外侧crus上拉: 一种外鼻瓣膜塌陷的方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1001/archfaci.8.5.333 复制DOI
    作者列表:Menger DJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Collapse of the nasal vestibule during inspiration is a frequently encountered symptom, often caused by weak or medially displaced lateral crura in the lower lateral cartilages. Numerous techniques are available for lateralizing and strengthening the lateral crura using cartilage grafts or suture techniques. In most cases, they involve an external rhinoplasty approach or additional incisions. An elegant endonasal method for widening and strengthening the lateral component of the nasal valve area is described herein. The basis of the procedure is a permanent submucosal spanning suture between the piriform aperture and the distal part of the lower lateral cartilage. The effect of this technique is 2-fold. First, it provides superolateral rotation of the lateral crura, increasing the cross-sectional area, and second, the spanning suture provides additional support for the lateral wall of the nasal vestibule.
    背景与目标: : 鼻前庭在吸气过程中塌陷是一种经常遇到的症状,通常是由下外侧软骨的弱或内侧移位引起的。使用软骨移植物或缝合技术,可以使用多种技术来侧向和增强外侧crura。在大多数情况下,它们涉及外部隆鼻方法或其他切口。本文描述了一种用于扩大和加强鼻瓣膜区域的外侧分量的优雅鼻内方法。该程序的基础是在梨形孔和下部外侧软骨的远端之间建立永久性的粘膜下跨越缝合线。这种技术的效果是2倍。首先,它提供了外侧crura的超外侧旋转,增加了横截面积,其次,跨越缝合线为鼻前庭的侧壁提供了额外的支撑。
  • 【快速荧光法测量pendrin (SLC26A4) Cl-/I-转运活性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000095164 复制DOI
    作者列表:Dossena S,Rodighiero S,Vezzoli V,Bazzini C,Sironi C,Meyer G,Fürst J,Ritter M,Garavaglia ML,Fugazzola L,Persani L,Zorowka P,Storelli C,Beck-Peccoz P,Bottá G,Paulmichl M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Malfunction of the SLC26A4 protein leads to Pendred syndrome, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, often associated with mild thyroid dysfunction and goiter. It is generally assumed that SLC26A4 acts as a chloride/anion exchanger, which in the thyroid gland transports iodide, and in the inner ear contributes to the conditioning of the endolymphatic fluid. Here we describe a fast fluorometric method able to be used to functionally scrutinize SLC26A4 and its mutants described in Pendred syndrome. The validation of the method was done by functionally characterizing the chloride/iodide transport of SLC26A4, and a mutant, i.e. SLC26A4(S28R), which we previously described in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroidism and goiter. Using the fluorometric method we describe here we can continuously monitor and quantify the iodide or chloride amounts transported by the cells, and we found that the transport capability of the SLC26A4(S28R) mutant protein is markedly reduced if compared to wild-type SLC26A4.
    背景与目标: : SLC26A4蛋白的故障导致Pendred综合征,其特征是感音神经性听力损失,通常与轻度甲状腺功能障碍和甲状腺肿有关。通常认为SLC26A4充当氯化物/阴离子交换剂,在甲状腺中转运碘化物,在内耳中有助于调节内淋巴液。在这里,我们描述了一种快速荧光测量方法,该方法能够用于功能检查SLC26A4及其在Pendred综合征中描述的突变体。该方法的验证是通过功能表征SLC26A4的氯化物/碘化物转运和突变体即SLC26A4(S28R) 来完成的,我们先前在患有感音神经性听力损失,甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺肿的患者中进行了描述。使用我们在这里描述的荧光法,我们可以连续监测和定量细胞转运的碘化物或氯化物量,并且我们发现与野生型SLC26A4相比,SLC26A4(S28R) 突变蛋白的转运能力显着降低。
  • 【自我收集的宫颈阴道采样,用于基于HPV的初级宫颈癌筛查的护理地点: 在服务不足的希腊农村人群中的一项初步研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/01443615.2017.1323197 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chatzistamatiou K,Chatzaki Ε,Constantinidis Τ,Nena E,Tsertanidou A,Agorastos T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the present pilot study, the feasibility of a site-of-care cervicovaginal self-sampling methodology for HPV-based screening was tested in 346 women residing in underserved rural areas of Northern Greece. These women provided self-collected cervicovaginal sample along with a study questionnaire. Following molecular testing, using the cobas® HPV Test, Roche®, HPV positive women, were referred to colposcopy and upon abnormal findings, to biopsy and treatment. Participation rate was 100%. Regular pap-test examination was reported for 17.1%. Among hrHPV testing, 11.9% were positive and colposcopy/biopsy revealed 2 CIN3 cases. Non-compliance was the most prevalent reason for no previous attendance. Most women reported non-difficulty and non-discomfort in self-sampling (77.6% and 82.4%, respectively). They would choose self-sampling over clinician-sampling (86.2%), and should self-sampling being available, they would test themselves more regularly (92.3%). In conclusion, self-sampling is feasible and well-accepted for HPV-based screening, and could increase population coverage in underserved areas, helping towards successful prevention.
    背景与目标: : 在本试点研究中,对居住在希腊北部服务不足的农村地区的346名妇女进行了基于HPV筛查的护理现场宫颈阴道自采样方法的可行性进行了测试。这些妇女提供了自我收集的宫颈阴道样本以及研究问卷。在分子测试之后,使用cobas®罗氏HPV检测®HPV阳性女性被转诊至阴道镜检查和异常发现后,进行活检和治疗。参与率为100%。报告定期进行17.1% 巴氏试验检查。在hrHPV检测中,11.9% 例为阳性,阴道镜/活检显示2例CIN3。不遵守是以前没有出席的最普遍原因。大多数妇女报告说,自我取样没有困难,也没有不适 (分别为77.6% 和82.4%)。他们将选择自采样而不是临床医生采样 (86.2%),并且如果自采样可用,他们将更定期地测试自己 (92.3%)。总之,自我采样对于基于HPV的筛查是可行的且被广泛接受,并且可以增加服务不足地区的人口覆盖率,从而有助于成功预防。
  • 【B7-H3促进宫颈癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,是预后不良的指标。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3892/or.2017.5730 复制DOI
    作者列表:Li Y,Zhang J,Han S,Qian Q,Chen Q,Liu L,Zhang Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :B7-H3 is an immune regulatory molecule whose aberrant expression in tumors is associated with adverse outcomes. Upregulation of B7-H3 may promote tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro, but the role of B7-H3 in cervical cancer has not yet been investigated. We measured B7-H3 expression in 90 cervical cancer patient and 20 non‑cervical lesion patient tissues using immunohistochemistry and in 30 cervical cancer patient and 30 healthy donor blood samples using ELISA. The association of B7-H3 expression and the prognosis of cervical cancer patients was investigated. B7-H3 knockdown in CaSki and SiHa cell lines was performed using small hairpin (sh)RNA lentiviral transfection and B7-H3 overexpression in CaSki and HeLa cell lines was performed using plasmid-vector lentivirus transduction. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were then measured using MTT and Transwell assays in vitro. B7-H3 expression was significantly higher in the cervical cancer tissues compared to that noted in the normal cervical tissues (mean 72.22 vs. 15.00%; p<0.001). Using Kaplan‑Meier and Cox analyses, our data revealed that patients with strong intensity staining were significantly more likely to have a worse prognosis. The B7-H3 level in cervical cancer patient blood was significantly higher than that in the normal donors (13.41±6.12 vs. 9.90±3.16 ng/ml; p=0.007). MTT assay revealed that high expression of B7-H3 promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation. Transwell assay data revealed that high expression of B7-H3 enhanced cervical cancer cell migration and invasion (CaSki, p=0.003; HeLa, p=0.03). In conclusion, expression of B7-H3 was significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues compared to normal cervical tissues, and this high expression was associated with worse prognosis for cervical cancer patients. In addition, B7-H3 promoted proliferation, invasion and migration of cervical cancer and may be a potential target for treating cervical cancer.
    背景与目标: : B7-H3是一种免疫调节分子,其在肿瘤中的异常表达与不良后果有关。B7-H3的上调可能在体外促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和转移,但B7-H3在宫颈癌中的作用尚未得到研究。我们使用免疫组织化学方法测量了90例宫颈癌患者和20例非宫颈病变患者组织中的B7-H3表达,并使用ELISA测量了30例宫颈癌患者和30例健康供体血样中的表达。研究了B7-H3表达与宫颈癌患者预后的关系。使用小发夹 (sh)RNA慢病毒转染在CaSki和SiHa细胞系中进行B7-H3敲除,并使用质粒载体慢病毒转导在CaSki和HeLa细胞系中进行B7-H3过表达。细胞增殖,然后在体外使用MTT和Transwell测定法测量侵袭和迁移。与正常宫颈组织相比,宫颈癌组织中的B7-H3表达明显更高 (平均72.22对15.00%; p<0.001)。使用kaplan-meier和Cox分析,我们的数据显示,强染色的患者预后更差。宫颈癌患者血液中的B7-H3水平明显高于正常供体 (13.41 ± 6.12 vs. 9.90 ± 3.16 ng/ml); p = 0.007)。MTT分析显示B7-H3的高表达促进了宫颈癌细胞的增殖。tranwell分析数据显示B7-H3的高表达增强了宫颈癌细胞的迁移和侵袭 (CaSki,p = 0.003; HeLa,p = 0.03)。总之,b7-H3在宫颈癌组织中的表达明显高于正常宫颈组织,这种高表达与宫颈癌患者预后差有关,此外,B7-H3促进了宫颈癌的增殖、侵袭和迁移,可能是治疗宫颈癌的潜在靶点。
  • 【通过蛋白质组学方法观察到STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾线粒体中alpha-2u球蛋白的下调。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2012.09.007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sun SH,Liu SQ,Cai CP,Cai R,Chen L,Zhang QB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To identify the changes of mitochondrial protein expression in diabetic renal parenchyma and to characterize their molecular functions and biological processes in diabetes. METHODS:Mitochondrial proteins extracted from renal parenchyma mitochondria of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and normal rats were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS:Eleven proteins from 533 visualized protein spots displayed significant different expressions in mitochondria of diabetic kidneys compared with those in normal ones. Among these altered proteins, two proteins with the most obvious changes in protein expression were identified as alpha-2u globulin (mature protein, named A2) and its proteolytically modified form (named A2-fragment) respectively. These proteins were found in mitochondria of male rat renal parenchyma and were proved to be down-regulated in diabetic rats simultaneously. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that down-regulation of alpha-2u globulin may be associated with an abnormal β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids during diabetes. The decreased expression of A2-fragment in renal mitochondria of diabetic nephropathy may reduce fatty acid β-oxidation, which leads to a diminished energy supply from mitochondria to kidney tissue and the deposition of a large number of fatty acids in the kidney, ultimately causing and aggravating kidney damage. In conclusion, these findings may be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of diabetic nephropathy.
    背景与目标:
  • 【从临床数据中检测有效草药处方的多阶段分析方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11684-017-0525-8 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yang K,Zhang R,He L,Li Y,Liu W,Yu C,Zhang Y,Li X,Liu Y,Xu W,Zhou X,Liu B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated personalized manifestations in real-world patients and the individualized combination therapies prescribed in clinical settings. In this study, a multistage analysis method that integrates propensity case matching, complex network analysis, and herb set enrichment analysis was proposed to identify effective herb prescriptions for particular diseases (e.g., insomnia). First, propensity case matching was applied to match clinical cases. Then, core network extraction and herb set enrichment were combined to detect core effective herb prescriptions. Effectiveness-based mutual information was used to detect strong herb-symptom relationships. This method was applied on a TCM clinical data set with 955 patients collected from well-designed observational studies. Results revealed that groups of herb prescriptions with higher effectiveness rates (76.9% vs. 42.8% for matched samples; 94.2% vs. 84.9% for all samples) compared with the original prescriptions were found. Particular patient groups with symptom manifestations were also identified to help investigate the indications of the effective herb prescriptions.
    背景与目标: : 确定针对特定疾病或特定患者群体的有效中药 (TCM) 治疗是一个困难的问题,需要进行调查,因为现实世界患者中复杂的个性化表现以及临床环境中规定的个性化组合疗法。在这项研究中,提出了一种结合倾向案例匹配,复杂网络分析和草药集富集分析的多阶段分析方法,以识别针对特定疾病 (例如失眠) 的有效草药处方。首先,将倾向病例匹配应用于临床病例匹配。然后,将核心网络提取和草药集富集相结合,以检测核心有效草药处方。基于有效性的互信息用于检测强烈的草药-症状关系。该方法应用于从精心设计的观察性研究中收集的955名患者的中医临床数据集。结果显示,与原始处方相比,发现了具有更高有效率的草药处方组 (匹配样品为76.9% 对42.8%; 所有样品为94.2% 对84.9%)。还确定了具有症状表现的特定患者组,以帮助调查有效草药处方的适应症。
  • 【Tamarix ramosissima的水热处理和酶促水解: 作为生物精炼概念中的转化方法的过程评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.143 复制DOI
    作者列表:Xiao LP,Shi ZJ,Xu F,Sun RC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present work investigated the effects of hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of Tamarix ramosissima by determination of sugar and inhibitor formation in the liquid fraction, and chemical and morphological changes of the pretreated solid material coupled with an evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysis. HTT was carried out in a batch reactor system at a maximal temperature (TMAX 180-240 °C) and evaluated for severities logRo ranging from 2.40 to 4.17. The liquid fractions were analyzed by HPLC, GPC, and GC-MS. The morphology and composition of the solid residues were characterized using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR. Using a variety of tools, we have developed a better understanding of how HTT process affects biomass structure and cellulose properties that impact on its digestibility. These results provided new insights into the factors limiting enzymatic digestibility and mechanism of biomass deconstruction during hydrothermal process.
    背景与目标: : 目前的工作通过测定液体馏分中的糖和抑制剂的形成以及预处理固体材料的化学和形态变化以及酶水解的评估,研究了Tamarix ramosissima的水热处理 (HTT) 的影响。在间歇反应器系统中在最高温度 (TMAX 180-240 °C) 下进行HTT,并评估范围为2.40至4.17的严重度。通过HPLC,GPC和gc-ms分析液体级分。使用一系列技术 (例如SEM,XRD,BET表面积和CP/MAS (13)C NMR) 表征了固体残基的形态和组成。使用各种工具,我们对HTT过程如何影响生物质结构和纤维素特性 (影响其消化率) 有了更好的了解。这些结果为水热过程中限制酶消化率的因素和生物质解构的机理提供了新的见解。
  • 【MiR-34a和miR-206可作为宫颈癌的新型预后和治疗生物标志物。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12935-017-0431-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chen AH,Qin YE,Tang WF,Tao J,Song HM,Zuo M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Recent evidence indicated that the aberrant expression of microRNA plays a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer. The overall shorter survival was strongly related to the abnormal expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-206 (miR-206), which target B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl2) and c-Met. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway is related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of cervical cancer, and c-Met is significantly overexpressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Bcl2 is also considered to be a promising target for developing novel anticancer treatments. METHODS:In this study, we detect the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 in the cervical cancer tissue through quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, and the expression of Bcl2 and c-Met from cervical cancer tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:The expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were down-regulated in the cervical cancer tissue through qRT-PCR assay. As target genes of miR-34a and miR-206, Bcl2 and c-Met were up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues through qRT-PCR assay and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis revealed that down-regulated expression of miR-34a and miR-206 were strongly related to shorter overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for all variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis demonstrated that miR-34a (P = 0.038) and miR-206 (P = 0.008) might be independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients suffering from cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS:The up-regulation of Bcl2 and c-Met promotes the cervical cancer's progress, and the expression of miR-34a and miR-206 significantly correlated with the progression and prognosis in cervical cancer. All of these suggested that miR-34a and miR-206 might be the novel prognostic and therapy tools in cervical cancer.
    背景与目标:
  • 【快速、稳健的尿液中低浓度白蛋白测定方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Medcalf EA,Newman DJ,Gorman EG,Price CP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We describe a rapid particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for albumin in urine. Intra- and interassay CVs were less than 5% and less than 10%, respectively, the detection limit is 2 mg/L, and the working range extends to 200 mg/L. Mean analytical recovery of albumin added to centrifuged urines was 100% (SD 10.6%), and, when results were compared with those by the Pharmacia RIA, the correlation coefficient was 0.99. The working reagents are stable for at least six months; thus this assay is suited for both batch and urgent analysis.
    背景与目标: : 我们描述了尿液中白蛋白的快速颗粒增强比浊法免疫测定。测定内和测定间CVs分别小于5% 和小于10%,检出限为2 mg/L,工作范围扩大至200 mg/L。添加到离心尿液中的白蛋白的平均分析回收率为100% (SD 10.6%),并且当将结果与通过Pharmacia RIA进行比较时,相关系数为0.99。工作试剂至少稳定六个月; 因此,该测定法适用于分批和紧急分析。
  • 【制定预先通知传单以鼓励首次邀请进行子宫颈筛查: 一项定性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/her/cys103 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sadler L,Albrow R,Shelton R,Kitchener H,Brabin L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cervical screening attendance among women aged 25-29 years in England is lower than at older ages. There is some evidence that pre-notification leaflets motivate women who have not yet considered their response to a health intervention. We aimed to identify key information to motivate young women at their first cervical screening invitation. Six focus groups were conducted, five with young women aged 17-25 registered with a General Practice in Manchester, UK, and one with Practice nurses. Some women took part in two further groups to discuss leaflet design. There was low awareness of the purpose or procedures of cervical screening, and most women were de-motivated by reports of bad experiences. Some intended to be screened, but not immediately after invitation. Screening was viewed as a test for a cancer that affected older women. Since none of the participants believed that they had cervical cancer, screening seemed unnecessary. We conclude that the perception that screening is unimportant when you are young needs to be challenged. Women also need to be better informed of screening procedures. A pre-notification leaflet incorporating key information was designed and will be tested in a randomized trial of complex interventions within the routine cervical screening programme.
    背景与目标: : 英格兰25-29岁女性的子宫颈筛查出勤率低于老年人。有证据表明,预先通知的传单会激励尚未考虑对健康干预措施做出反应的妇女。我们的目标是确定关键信息,以激励年轻女性首次接受子宫颈筛查邀请。进行了六个重点小组,其中五个是在英国曼彻斯特注册的17-25岁的年轻女性,其中一个是执业护士。一些妇女参加了另外两个小组,讨论传单设计。人们对宫颈筛查的目的或程序的认识不足,大多数妇女因不良经历的报道而缺乏动力。有些人打算放映,但不是在邀请后立即放映。筛查被视为对影响老年妇女的癌症的测试。由于没有参与者相信自己患有宫颈癌,因此筛查似乎没有必要。我们得出的结论是,年轻时筛查不重要的看法需要受到挑战。妇女还需要更好地了解筛查程序。设计了包含关键信息的预通知传单,并将在常规子宫颈筛查计划中进行复杂干预的随机试验中进行测试。
  • 【提出了一种用有限元方法模拟无骨水泥中骨向内生长过程的方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.10.010 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tarala M,Janssen D,Verdonschot N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In cementless total hip arthroplasty, long-term implant stability is achieved by bone ingrowth. The strength of the new bond gradually increases in time, due to bone maturation and progression of ingrowth. In finite element simulations, osseointegration generally is implemented as an instant change in the mechanical behavior of the implant-bone interface, although this is a simplified interpretation of the bone ingrowth process. The aim of the present study was to build on previous bone ingrowth simulations and propose a new methodology to simulate bone ingrowth as a time-dependent process. We developed an algorithm to calculate the strength of the local implant-bone bond based of the magnitude of interface micromotions and gaps in time. Our algorithm was subsequently tested in multiple hip reconstructions in which the bone quality and implant-bone contact area were varied. The results of the simulations showed that in the ideal situation (good bone quality and no interface gaps), 91% of implant area could achieve ingrowth, while in the worst case only 17% of implant area showed ingrowth. The initial contact area had a significant effect on ingrowth, overruling the effect of variations in bone quality. The progression of ingrowth had a stabilizing effect on adjacent regions, especially in the high contact area cases. Further development and validation of the presented algorithm requires more information on the nature of the relation between the ingrowth rate and the magnitude of micromotions and gap.
    背景与目标: : 在无骨水泥全髋关节置换术中,植入物的长期稳定性是通过骨向内生长来实现的。由于骨骼的成熟和向内生长的进展,新键的强度随时间逐渐增加。在有限元模拟中,骨整合通常是作为植入物-骨界面的机械行为的即时变化来实现的,尽管这是对骨向内生长过程的简化解释。本研究的目的是在以前的骨向内生长模拟的基础上,提出一种新的方法来模拟骨向内生长,这是一个与时间有关的过程。我们开发了一种算法,可以根据界面微动的大小和时间间隙来计算局部植入物-骨键的强度。随后,我们的算法在多次髋关节重建中进行了测试,其中骨质量和植入物-骨接触面积发生了变化。模拟结果表明,在理想情况下 (良好的骨质量和无界面间隙),植入物区域的91% 可以实现向内生长,而在最坏的情况下,只有17% 的植入物区域显示向内生长。初始接触面积对向内生长有显着影响,从而推翻了骨质量变化的影响。向内生长的进程对相邻区域具有稳定作用,尤其是在高接触面积的情况下。提出的算法的进一步开发和验证需要更多有关向内生长速率与微动和间隙大小之间关系的性质的信息。
  • 【宫颈利多卡因治疗IUD插入性疼痛: 一项随机对照试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.09.018 复制DOI
    作者列表:McNicholas CP,Madden T,Zhao Q,Secura G,Allsworth JE,Peipert JF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Anticipated pain with intrauterine device (IUD) insertion may be a barrier to widespread use. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of intracervical 2% lidocaine gel for pain relief with IUD insertion. STUDY DESIGN:We performed a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of women undergoing IUD insertion. Participants were randomly assigned to 2% lidocaine or placebo gel. Study gel (3 mL) was placed 3 minutes prior to IUD insertion. Pain scores were measured at various time points using a 10-point visual analog scale. RESULTS:Of the 200 participants randomized, 199 completed the study. Pain scores among lidocaine and placebo arms were similar at tenaculum placement (lidocaine and placebo: median, 4; range, 0-10; P = .15) and with insertion (lidocaine: median, 5; range, 1-10; placebo: median, 6; range, 0-10; P = .16). These results did not differ by parity. CONCLUSION:Topical or intracervical 2% lidocaine gel prior to IUD insertion does not decrease pain scores.
    背景与目标:
  • 【为考虑器官捐赠选择的家庭提供支持: 一种创新的培训方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jacoby L,Crosier V,Pohl H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Families must make decisions about organ donation for a loved one during intensely emotional circumstances in the hospital, where support from others is crucial to their coping. Research about families' experiences during the decision-making process regarding donating their loved ones' organs has shown that quality of hospital care and receiving psychosocial support are important factors influencing their decision. Typically, a donation coordinator from the local organ procurement organization approaches the family about the option of donation, whereas the role of medical and nursing staff is to convey diagnostic and prognostic information to the family. Currently, no requirement is in place for training of professional staff in communication skills for approaching and interacting with families about organ donation. This article discusses a simulated training method in empathic communication used for supporting families who are approached about organ donation. This innovative method can be adapted to and should be tested with professional audiences.
    背景与目标: : 家庭必须在医院里情绪激动的情况下决定为亲人捐赠器官,而其他人的支持对他们的应对至关重要。对家庭在捐赠亲人器官的决策过程中的经历的研究表明,医院护理质量和接受社会心理支持是影响其决策的重要因素。通常,来自当地器官采购组织的捐赠协调员会向家人介绍捐赠的选择,而医疗和护理人员的作用是向家人传达诊断和预后信息。目前,没有要求对专业人员进行沟通技能培训,以便就器官捐赠问题与家人接触和互动。本文讨论了一种在移情交流中进行模拟训练的方法,该方法用于支持与器官捐赠有关的家庭。这种创新方法可以适应专业观众,也应该接受专业观众的测试。

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