PURPOSE:This study examined adaptations in body composition and physical fitness during a 21-wk strength and/or endurance training period in 40- to 65-yr-old men. We also compared the usefulness of different methods for the analysis of body composition to detect training-induced adaptations. METHODS:Fifty-three men were randomized into the endurance training (E: N = 14), strength training (S: N = 13), combined strength and endurance training (SE: N = 15), or control (C: N = 11) groups. S and E trained 2 and SE 2 x 2 times a week for strength and endurance. RESULTS:Percentage of fat (fat%) decreased (5-8%) similarly in all training groups. Fat% measured by DXA at baseline and its change correlated with those recorded by bioimpedance (r = 0.90 and 0.66), skinfolds (r = 0.80 and 0.78), and waistline (r = 0.84 and 0.74). Lean mass in legs (DXA) increased only in S (2.0 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.001), but the thickness of vastus lateralis and intermedius measured by ultrasound increased (7-11%) in all training groups, and that of triceps brachii increased in S (22%) and SE (20%). Maximal concentric force increased significantly in S, SE, and E (by 22, 23, and 7%), and maximal oxygen uptake increased in both E (11%) and SE (11%). CONCLUSIONS:Waist circumference and skinfold thickness seem to reasonably assess changes in percent body fat during training. However, only DXA was capable to separate small differences between the groups in training-induced changes in lean body mass. Combined strength and endurance training is of greater value than either alone in optimizing body composition or improving physical fitness in older men.

译文

目的:本研究调查了40至65岁男性在21周强度和/或耐力训练期间身体成分和身体适应的适应性。我们还比较了不同方法对人体成分分析以检测训练引起的适应性的有用性。
方法:53名男性被随机分为耐力训练(E:N = 14),力量训练(S:N = 13),力量与耐力训练(SE:N = 15)或对照(C:N = 11)小组。 S和E每周训练2次和SE 2次,每次2次,以提高力量和耐力。
结果:所有训练组中的脂肪百分比(脂肪%)降低了(5-8%)。 DXA在基线测量的脂肪百分比及其变化与生物阻抗(r = 0.90和0.66),皮褶皱(r = 0.80和0.78)和腰围(r = 0.84和0.74)记录的脂肪百分比相关。在所有训练组和三头肌训练组中,腿部瘦质量(DXA)仅在S组增加(2.0 /-1.5%,P <0.001),但超声测量的外侧阔肌和中间间隔的厚度增加(7-11%) S(22%)和SE(20%)的臂膀增加。 S,SE和E的最大同心力显着增加(分别增加22%,23%和7%),E(11%)和SE的最大吸氧量均增加(11%)。
结论:腰围和皮褶厚度似乎可以合理地评估训练中人体脂肪百分比的变化。但是,只有DXA能够区分训练引起的瘦体重变化中各组之间的细微差异。结合力量和耐力训练对优化老年人的身体成分或改善身体健康比单独使用具有更大的价值。

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