• 【血红蛋白对同期放化疗治疗的宫颈癌患者生存的影响取决于磁共振成像的淋巴结转移发现。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00666.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Choi YS,Yi CM,Sin JI,Ye GW,Shin IH,Lee TS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The objective of this study was to confirm whether hemoglobin (Hb) levels during chemoradiotherapy are associated with survival in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma and to assess impact of the Hb level on survival according to lymph node (LN) metastasis. A retrospective review of 85 cervical carcinoma patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was conducted. The stage of disease ranged between FIGO stage IB and stage IVA. Disease-free and overall survivals were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. After median follow-up of 35.7 months, 24 patients developed recurrence of disease and 14 patients died from their disease. Stage, LN metastasis, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen and Hb levels during chemoradiation were correlated significantly with survival (P < 0.05). Maintenance of Hb above 10.0 g/dL was associated with better survival (P < 0.05). However, no such benefits were observed in patients with LN metastasis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multivariate Cox regression hazard model showed that Hb levels during chemoradiation were an independent prognostic factor in patients without LN metastasis by MRI. Maintenance of Hb during chemoradiation is of benefit in cervical carcinoma patients without LN metastasis but not with LN metastasis by MRI.
    背景与目标: : 本研究的目的是确认放化疗期间血红蛋白 (Hb) 水平是否与局部晚期宫颈癌患者的生存相关,并根据淋巴结 (LN) 转移评估Hb水平对生存的影响。回顾性分析了85例同期放化疗治疗的宫颈癌患者。疾病的阶段介于FIGO IB期和IVA期之间。通过单变量和多变量分析评估无病生存率和总体生存率。中位随访35.7个月后,24例患者出现疾病复发,14例患者死于疾病。分期、LN转移、放化疗期间鳞状细胞癌抗原和Hb水平与生存率显著相关 (P <0.05)。Hb维持在10.0g/dL以上与较好的生存率相关 (P <0.05)。然而,通过磁共振成像 (MRI) 在LN转移患者中未观察到这种益处。多因素Cox回归风险模型显示,放化疗期间的Hb水平是MRI无LN转移患者的独立预后因素。化疗期间维持血红蛋白对无LN转移但无LN转移的宫颈癌患者有好处。
  • 【提高根治性膀胱切除术治疗高级别浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00345-006-0111-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stein JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :It is clear that the optimal clinical outcomes in bladder cancer patients requiring radical cystectomy are related to standard histopathologic variables of tumor grade, stage and lymph node status. However, other less well defined variables are also critical to the successful outcomes of these patients. Patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer and treating physicians should avoid unnecessary and significant treatment delays. In addition, hospital and surgeon-volume/experience are thought to be factors that may too be important components that relate to the clinical outcomes of patients following surgery. Lastly, there is a growing body of literature to support the concept of an appropriate lymphadenectomy at the time of surgery, for both node-positive and node-negative bladder cancer patients. It is becoming more obvious that there are multiple variables involved in the clinical success and outcomes of patients with bladder cancer following radical cystectomy. As treating physicians and surgeons we must be aware of these components to ensure the best outcomes for our patients.
    背景与目标: : 很明显,需要根治性膀胱切除术的膀胱癌患者的最佳临床结果与肿瘤分级,分期和淋巴结状态的标准组织病理学变量有关。然而,其他不太明确的变量对于这些患者的成功结局也至关重要。肌肉浸润性膀胱癌患者和治疗医生应避免不必要和显著的治疗延误。此外,医院和外科医生的数量/经验被认为是与手术后患者的临床结果相关的重要因素。最后,越来越多的文献支持在手术时对淋巴结阳性和淋巴结阴性膀胱癌患者进行适当的淋巴结清扫术的概念。越来越明显的是,根治性膀胱切除术后膀胱癌患者的临床成功和结局涉及多个变量。作为治疗医生和外科医生,我们必须意识到这些组成部分,以确保为我们的患者提供最佳结果。
  • 【三七增强5-氟尿嘧啶对人大肠癌细胞的抗癌作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00280-006-0350-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wang CZ,Luo X,Zhang B,Song WX,Ni M,Mehendale S,Xie JT,Aung HH,He TC,Yuan CS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Panax notoginseng is a commonly used Chinese herb. Although a few studies have found that notoginseng shows anti-tumor effects, the effect of this herb on colorectal cancer cells has not been investigated. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer that interferes with the growth of cancer cells. However, this compound has serious side effects at high doses. In this study, using HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cell line, we investigated the possible synergistic anti-cancer effects between notoginseng flower extract (NGF) and 5-FU on colon cancer cells. METHODS:The anti-proliferation activity of these modes of treatment was evaluated by MTS cell proliferation assay. Apoptotic effects were analyzed by using Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin-V/PI staining assays. The anti-proliferation effects of four major single compounds from NGF, ginsenosides Rb1, Rb3, Rc and Rg3 were also analyzed. RESULTS:Both 5-FU and NGF inhibited proliferation of HCT-116 cells. With increasing doses of 5-FU, the anti-proliferation effect was slowly increased. The combined usage of 5-FU 5 microM and NGF 0.25 mg/ml, significantly increased the anti-proliferation effect (59.4 +/- 3.3%) compared with using the two medicines separately (5-FU 5 microM, 31.1 +/- 0.4%; NGF 0.25 mg/ml, 25.3 +/- 3.6%). Apoptotic analysis showed that at this concentration, 5-FU did not exert an apoptotic effect, while apoptotic cells induced by NGF were observed, suggesting that the anti-proliferation target(s) of NGF may be different from that of 5-FU, which is known to inhibit thymidilate synthase. CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that NGF can enhance the anti-proliferation effect of 5-FU on HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells and may decrease the dosage of 5-FU needed for colorectal cancer treatment.
    背景与目标:
  • 【紫杉醇在晚期胃癌血液透析患者中的药代动力学: 一例报告。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i32.5237 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kawate S,Takeyoshi I,Morishita Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We report for the first time the possibility of weekly paclitaxel chemotherapy for a patient with advanced, nonresectable gastric cancer undergoing hemodialysis. A 50-year-old man with chronic renal failure due to bilateral polycystic kidneys, who had undergone hemodialysis three times a week for 5 years, presented with hematemesis in December 2004. Based on the diagnosis of gastric cancer with lymph node metastases, surgery was performed. On the 15th postoperative day, the patient was treated with chemotherapy using paclitaxel. Paclitaxel was administered at a dose of 60 mg/m2 as a 1 h iv infusion in 250 mL of saline. Hemodialysis was started 1 h after the completion of the paclitaxel infusion and was performed for 3 h. Paclitaxel was administered weekly on d 1, 8, and 15 on a 28-d cycle. The maximum plasma concentration of paclitaxel was 1390 microg/L. The area under the curve of paclitaxel was 4398.6 microg x h/L. Grade 2 leukopenia was encountered during the first cycle. The plasma concentrations of paclitaxel from 6 to over 24 h after the infusion were 0.01 to 0.1 micromol/L in our patient, and these concentrations have been shown to be effective on inhibiting the growth of gastric cancer cells without producing adverse side effects in the patient. The plasma concentration of paclitaxel was not influenced by hemodialysis. We conclude that the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel is not altered in a patient with renal failure, and that weekly paclitaxel is a suitable treatment regimen for hemodialysis patients with advanced gastric cancer.
    背景与目标: : 我们首次报告了接受血液透析的晚期,不可切除的胃癌患者每周进行紫杉醇化疗的可能性。一名50岁的男子因双侧多囊肾而患有慢性肾功能衰竭,他每周接受3次血液透析,持续5年,2004年12月出现呕血。根据胃癌伴淋巴结转移的诊断,进行了手术治疗。术后第15天,患者接受紫杉醇化疗。紫杉醇以60 mg/m2的剂量在250 mL生理盐水中静脉输注1 h。紫杉醇输注完成后1小时开始血液透析,并进行3小时。紫杉醇每周在第1、8和15天的28天周期给药。紫杉醇的最年夜血浆浓度为1390 μ g/L。紫杉醇曲线下面积为4398.6 μ g × h/L。在第一个周期中遇到2级白细胞减少症。在我们的患者中,输注后6至24小时内紫杉醇的血浆浓度被0.01至0.1 micromol/L,并且这些浓度已被证明可有效抑制胃癌细胞的生长,而不会在患者中产生不良副作用。紫杉醇的血浆浓度不受血液透析的影响。我们得出的结论是,在肾功能衰竭患者中,紫杉醇的药代动力学没有改变,并且每周紫杉醇是晚期胃癌血液透析患者的合适治疗方案。
  • 【鼻咽癌放疗患者的口腔护理。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0964-1955(96)00053-x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Shieh SH,Wang ST,Tsai ST,Tseng CC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: A randomised trial was undertaken to compare the effect of three oral care protocols in delaying the onset of stomatitis and reducing oral injury in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, 30 eligible patients with a mean age of 56.2 years were recruited and evenly allocated to one of the three groups using a randomly permuted blocks method. Patients allocated to group E1 and group E2 were given the same instructions on oral care at 1 day, and 1 week before radiotherapy, respectively, while those allocated to the control group were given no instructions. We use the Oral Assessment Guide to assess the oral physical conditions of these patients daily. Our findings revealed that the patients in the E2 group not only had later onset of stomatitis than those in the control and the E1 groups, but also had lesser degree of oral injury measured by the overall assessment score. We thereby recommend the use of the E2 protocol for delaying the onset of stomatitis and reducing oral injury in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

    背景与目标: 进行了一项随机试验,以比较三种口腔护理方案在延迟接受放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者的口腔炎发作和减少口腔损伤方面的效果。招募了30名平均年龄为56.2岁的合格患者,并使用随机置换块方法将其平均分配给三组之一。分配给E1组和E2组的患者分别在放疗前1天和1周接受相同的口腔护理指导,而分配给对照组的患者则没有给予指导。我们使用《口腔评估指南》每天评估这些患者的口腔身体状况。我们的发现表明,E2组的患者不仅比对照组和E1组的患者口腔炎发作晚,而且通过总体评估评分测量的口腔损伤程度也较小。因此,我们建议使用E2方案来延迟接受放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者的口腔炎发作并减少口腔损伤。
  • 【幽门螺杆菌与胃癌: 转移全球负担。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i34.5458 复制DOI
    作者列表:Prinz C,Schwendy S,Voland P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Infection with H pylori leads to a persistent chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, thereby increasing the risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma. Numerous studies have determined a clear correlation between H pylori infection and the risk of gastric cancer; however, general eradication is not recommended as cancer prophylaxis and time points for treatment remain controversial in different areas of the world. Prevalence rates in Western countries are decreasing, especially in younger people (< 10%); and a decline in distal gastric adenocarcinoma has been observed. Risk groups in Western countries still show considerably higher risk of developing cancer, especially in patients infected with cagA+ strains and in persons harboring genetic polymorphism of the IL-1B promoter (-511T/T) and the corresponding IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN*2). Thus, general eradication of all infected persons in Western countries not recommended and is limited to risk groups in order to achieve a risk reduction. In contrast, infection rates and cancer prevalence are still high in East Asian countries. A prevention strategy to treat infected persons may avoid the development of gastric cancer to a large extent and with enormous clinical importance. However, studies in China and Japan indicate that prevention of gastric cancer is effective only in those patients that do not display severe histological changes such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Thus, prophylactic strategies to prevent gastric cancer in high risk populations such as China should therefore especially aim at individuals now at younger age when the histological alterations caused by the bacterial infection was still reversible. In countries with a low prevalence of gastric cancer, risk groups carrying cagA+ strains and IL-1 genetic polymorphisms should be identified and treated.
    背景与目标: : 幽门螺杆菌感染导致胃粘膜持续慢性炎症,从而增加远端胃腺癌的风险。许多研究已经确定了幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌风险之间的明显相关性; 但是,不建议普遍根除癌症,因为癌症预防和治疗的时间点在世界不同地区仍然存在争议。西方国家的患病率正在下降,尤其是年轻人 (< 10%); 并且已经观察到远端胃腺癌的下降。西方国家的风险群体仍然显示出相当高的患癌症的风险,特别是在感染cagA + 菌株的患者和携带IL-1B启动子 (-511t/t) 和相应的IL-1受体拮抗剂 (IL-1RN * 2) 的遗传多态性的人。因此,不建议在西方国家全面根除所有感染者,并且仅限于风险群体,以实现风险降低。相比之下,东亚国家的感染率和癌症患病率仍然很高。治疗感染者的预防策略可以在很大程度上避免胃癌的发展,并且具有巨大的临床意义。但是,在中国和日本的研究表明,仅在那些没有严重组织学改变 (例如萎缩和肠化生) 的患者中预防胃癌有效。因此,在中国等高危人群中预防胃癌的预防策略应特别针对目前由细菌感染引起的组织学改变仍然可逆的年轻年龄的个体。在胃癌患病率低的国家,应识别和治疗携带cagA + 毒株和IL-1基因多态性的危险人群。
  • 【复制错误阳性胃肠道癌中癌症相关基因重复序列不稳定的明显保护。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1201094 复制DOI
    作者列表:Simms LA,Zou TT,Young J,Shi YQ,Lei J,Appel R,Rhyu MG,Sugimura H,Chenevix-Trench G,Souza RF,Meltzer SJ,Leggett BA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genomic instability at simple repeated sequences has been observed in various types of human cancers and is considered an important mechanism in tumorigenesis. Alterations at microsatellite loci have been reported scattered throughout the genome. Recently, the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TGF-beta RII) and the insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) genes were shown to have inactivating mutations within coding microsatellite sequences. The demonstration of mutations in two growth regulatory genes supports the idea that other regulatory genes with repeat sequences may also be targets in tumours with defective mismatch repair. We examined genes involved in tumour suppression, cell adhesion and cell cycle regulation for mutations at small repeat sequences in replication error positive gastrointestinal cancers. Several polymorphisms were found which exhibited instability, but no other instability was present in the regions examined.

    背景与目标: 在各种类型的人类癌症中已经观察到简单重复序列的基因组不稳定性,并且被认为是肿瘤发生的重要机制。据报道,微卫星基因座的改变散布在整个基因组中。最近,已显示II型转化生长因子 β 受体 (TGF-beta RII) 和胰岛素样生长因子II受体 (igf-iir) 基因在编码微卫星序列中具有失活突变。两个生长调节基因突变的证明支持了这样的想法,即具有重复序列的其他调节基因也可能是错配修复缺陷的肿瘤的靶标。我们检查了复制错误阳性胃肠癌中小重复序列突变的肿瘤抑制,细胞粘附和细胞周期调控基因。发现了几种表现出不稳定性的多态性,但在所检查的区域中没有其他不稳定性。
  • 【胃十二指肠溃疡住院患者的组织学食管癌风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-04-01
    来源期刊:Gut
    DOI:10.1136/gut.2006.109082 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bahmanyar S,Zendehdel K,Nyrén O,Ye W
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The mechanism behind the epidemiologically evident inverse relation between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) remains obscure. Severe corpus gastritis is unlikely to be in the causal pathway. With the hypothesis of a uniformly low risk, the associations of OAC with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer were explored, both linked to H pylori infection but with different patterns of bacterial colonisation and intragastric acidity. Possible associations of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with these ulcer types were also addressed. DESIGN AND PATIENTS:Retrospective cohorts of 61,548 and 81,379 unoperated patients with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer, respectively, recorded in the Swedish Inpatient Register since 1965, were followed from the first hospitalisation until the date of any cancer, death, emigration, definitive surgery, or 31 December 2003. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), with 95% CIs, expressed relative risk of oesophageal cancer, compared with the Swedish population matched for age, sex and calendar period. RESULTS:Contrary to expectation, patients with duodenal ulcer had a significant 70% excess risk of OAC (SIR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5). Gastric ulcer was unrelated to OAC (SIR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.7). Although duodenal ulcer was non-significantly associated with a small excess of OSCC (SIR 1.3, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.8), gastric ulcer was linked to 80% increased risk (SIR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.3). CONCLUSION:The inverse association between H pylori and OAC does not pertain to all infections. The pattern of gastric colonisation and/or impact on acidity may be important. With the reservation for the possibility of confounding, this study also provides some support for the importance of intragastric environment in the aetiology of OSCC.
    背景与目标:
  • 【持续静脉和皮下吗啡治疗慢性癌症疼痛的前瞻性,患者内交叉研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0885-3924(96)00329-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nelson KA,Glare PA,Walsh D,Groh ES
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The dose, efficacy, and side effects of continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) of morphine were compared with continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) of morphine in patients with chronic cancer pain. Eligible patients were referred to the Palliative Care Program and were receiving a stable dose of CIVI of morphine. The design was a within-patient, one-way crossover; in which each patient provided data before and after a switch from CIVI to CSCI of morphine. "Rescue" doses were 50% of the hourly dose given every 2 hours as needed. Morphine was infused intravenously (i.v.) and subcutaneously (s.c.) via a McGaw/AccuPro Volumetric Infusion Pump. After baseline data, including side effects and pain assessment, were obtained, patients were evaluated twice daily for toxicity and analgesic efficacy. Those who had a stable CIVI dose for 48 consecutive hr were crossed over to the CSCI at the same dose as the intravenous (i.v.) phase. A stable dose was defined as no dose change, four or less rescue doses in the previous 24 hr, and a pain rating of none or mild. CIVI was considered equal to CSCI if these criteria were maintained for 96 consecutive hr. Fifty-seven patients were entered, and 40 were evaluable (15 women and 25 men). The median age was 67 (range 30-83 years). All 40 participants, after maintaining a stable dose throughout the i.v. phase, crossed to the s.c. phase and remained on s.c. for at least 48 hr. Thirty-two patients maintained a stable dose throughout the i.v. and s.c. phases. The mean stable i.v. dose (day 2) was 5.05 mg/hr, and the mean stable s.c. dose (day 4) was 5.7 mg/hr (P = 0.01). The mean number of rescue doses on day 2 was 0.83 per 24 hr versus 0.80 per 24 hours on day 4 (P = 0.6). The mean categorical pain score on day 2 was 0.83, and on day 4, 0.85 (P = 0.7). The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) on day 2 was 22.9 mm versus 17.6 mm on day 4 (P = 0.1). The mean incidence of side effects on day 2 was 1.7, and on day 4, 2.0 (P = 0.2). No patient was withdrawn or had a dose reduction due to unacceptable toxicity. There were two reports of local toxicity (mild erythema) at the SC needle insertion point, which required a site change. All of our 40 patients had adequate pain control with CIVI and CSCI morphine. Of the eight participants who were not maintained on the same i.v. and s.c. dose, all had adequate pain control and a similar side-effect profile on a higher s.c. morphine dose. These data suggest that the i.v. and s.c. routes are equianalgesic for most patients when administered as a continuous infusion. Pain control and side-effect profiles are quite similar and acceptable. s.c. morphine is an excellent alternative to i.v. morphine in both inpatients and outpatients requiring parenteral morphine for pain.

    背景与目标: 比较了慢性癌痛患者持续静脉输注 (CIVI) 吗啡与持续皮下输注 (CSCI) 吗啡的剂量,疗效和副作用。符合条件的患者被转诊到姑息治疗计划,并正在接受稳定剂量的CIVI吗啡。该设计是患者内部的单向交叉; 其中每个患者在吗啡从CIVI切换到CSCI之前和之后提供数据。“抢救” 剂量是根据需要每2小时给予的每小时剂量的50%。通过McGaw/AccuPro容积输液泵静脉内 (i.v.) 和皮下 (s.c.) 注入吗啡。获得包括副作用和疼痛评估在内的基线数据后,每天两次评估患者的毒性和镇痛效果。那些连续48小时稳定的CIVI剂量的人以与静脉 (i.v.) 阶段相同的剂量交叉到CSCI。稳定剂量定义为无剂量变化,在之前的24小时内有四个或更少的抢救剂量,并且疼痛等级为无或轻度。如果连续96个小时保持这些标准,CIVI被认为等于CSCI。进入了57名患者,其中40名可评估 (15名女性和25名男性)。中位年龄为67岁 (范围30-83岁)。所有40名参与者在整个静脉内保持稳定剂量后。阶段,越过s.C.阶段并保留在s.c.至少48小时。32名患者在整个静脉内保持稳定剂量。和南卡罗来纳州阶段。平均稳定的静脉注射。剂量 (第2天) 为5.05 mg/hr,平均稳定s.c.剂量 (第4天) 为5.7 mg/hr (P = 0.01)。第2天的平均抢救剂量为每24小时0.83次,而第4天的平均抢救剂量为每24小时0.80次 (P = 0.6)。第2天和第4天的平均分类疼痛评分为0.83,0.85 (P = 0.7)。第2天的平均视觉模拟量表 (VAS) 为22.9毫米,第4天为17.6毫米 (P = 0.1)。第2天和第4天的平均副作用发生率为1.7,2.0 (P = 0.2)。没有患者因不可接受的毒性而退出或剂量减少。有两份关于SC针插入点局部毒性 (轻度红斑) 的报告,需要改变部位。我们的40名患者均使用CIVI和CSCI吗啡进行了足够的疼痛控制。在没有保持相同i.v.的八名参与者中。和南卡罗来纳州剂量,都有足够的疼痛控制,并且在较高的s.C.上有相似的副作用。吗啡剂量。这些数据表明,静脉注射和南卡罗来纳州当作为连续输注给药时,大多数患者的途径是等镇痛。疼痛控制和副作用特征非常相似且可以接受。吗啡是静脉注射的绝佳替代品需要胃肠外吗啡治疗疼痛的住院患者和门诊患者的吗啡。
  • 【看新医生对患者的影响对筛查提醒的反应。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/01.mlr.0000220646.81196.d2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhu J,Davis J,Taira DA,Yamashita M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:A large insurer in Hawaii mails annual reminders to its members regarding recommended health screenings. This study examined the associations between the characteristics of physicians visited after the reminders were sent and the health screenings received for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, and for diabetes and cholesterol. METHODS:The study population included members identified as needing health screenings from 2000 to 2003 based on age and gender criteria. The study used a longitudinal design focusing on the 12 months after reminders were sent. Data were analyzed using logistic regression examining physician visits, other health services, and receipt of health screenings by 1-month intervals subsequent to the reminder mailings. RESULTS:In adjusted, multivariable models, members who saw physicians they had not seen in the past year had odds ratios for obtaining health screenings 6 to 8 times higher than members who only saw previously visited physicians. This enhanced response occurred among members receiving their first, second, and third (or subsequent) annual reminder letter. The more physicians that were visited and who were new to the members, the more likely the members were to obtain health screenings. CONCLUSIONS:Members seeing physicians they had not seen in the past year had significantly higher screening rates than the members only seeing physicians they had previously visited. The results suggest that healthcare screening may receive less attention at repeat visits with a physician than at visits with a physician who is new to a member.
    背景与目标:
  • 11 Cancer dormancy: from mice to man. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【癌症休眠: 从小鼠到人类。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.4161/cc.5.16.2995 复制DOI
    作者列表:Marches R,Scheuermann R,Uhr J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this review, we focused on our studies of cancer dormancy in a murine B cell lymphoma and human breast cancer. Lifelong dormancy was induced in syngeneic mice by prior immunization to the idiotype of the tumor cell (TC) Ig before TC challenge. The mice maintained approximately 10(6) lymphoma cells in their spleen throughout their lifetime despite replication of the TCs at a reduced rate. Recurrences occurred randomly. Because of the balance between replication and cell death, we hypothesized that a similar balance might occur in long-term survivors of breast cancer when the risk of recurrences is very low. We developed a sensitive assay for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which none were found in normal age-matched women. One third of patients, 7-22 years after mastectomy and without any evidence of disease, had CTCs. The half-life of these CTCs could be deduced from other studies as probably 2-3 hours. Hence, there was a precise balance between replication of TCs (presumably from micrometastases) and cell death. Therefore, a major population of clinically cured breast cancer patients have a chronic disease controlled by their own physiological mechanisms. We speculate on underlying mechanisms based both on studies in experimental models and clinical trials.
    背景与目标: : 在这篇综述中,我们专注于对鼠b细胞淋巴瘤和人类乳腺癌中癌症休眠的研究。通过在TC攻击之前预先免疫肿瘤细胞 (TC) Ig的独特型,可以在同系小鼠中诱导终身休眠。尽管TCs的复制速度降低,但小鼠一生中仍在脾脏中维持约10(6) 个淋巴瘤细胞。复发是随机发生的。由于复制和细胞死亡之间的平衡,我们假设在复发风险非常低的情况下,乳腺癌的长期幸存者可能会出现类似的平衡。我们开发了一种针对循环肿瘤细胞 (ctc) 的灵敏检测方法,在正常年龄匹配的女性中均未发现。在乳房切除术后7-22年且没有任何疾病证据的患者中,有三分之一患有CTCs。这些ctc的半衰期可以从其他研究中推断为2-3小时。因此,TCs的复制 (可能来自微转移) 与细胞死亡之间存在精确的平衡。因此,临床治愈的乳腺癌患者的主要人群患有受自身生理机制控制的慢性疾病。我们根据实验模型和临床试验的研究推测潜在的机制。
  • 【低氧下肿瘤-基质细胞相互作用通过肝细胞生长因子/c-Met途径增加胰腺癌细胞的侵袭性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ijc.22178 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ide T,Kitajima Y,Miyoshi A,Ohtsuka T,Mitsuno M,Ohtaka K,Koga Y,Miyazaki K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The hypoxic environment in tumor is reported to play an important role in pancreatic cancer progression. The interaction between stromal and cancer cells also contributes to the malignant behavior of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether hypoxic stimulation affects stromal as well as pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia remarkably elevated the HIF-1alpha expression in both pancreatic cancer (PK8) and fibroblast cells (MRC5). Hypoxic stimulation accelerated the invasive activity of PK8 cells, and invasiveness was thus further accelerated when the hypoxic PK8 cells were cultured with conditioned medium prepared from hypoxic MRC5 cells (hypoxic conditioned medium). MMP-2, MMP-7, MT1-MMP and c-Met expressions were increased in PK8 cells under hypoxia. Hypoxic stimulation also increased the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion from MRC5 cells, which led to an elevation of c-Met phosphorylation in PK8 cells. Conversely, the elevated cancer invasion, MMP activity and c-Met phosphorylation of PK8 cells were reduced by the removal of HGF from hypoxic conditioned medium. In immunohistochemical study, the HIF-1alpha expression was observed in surrounding stromal as well as pancreatic cancer cells, thus indicating hypoxia exists in both of cancer and stromal cells. Moreover, the stromal HGF expression was found to significantly correlate with not only the stromal HIF-1alpha expression but also the c-Met expression in cancer cells. These results indicate that the hypoxic environment within stromal as well as cancer cells activates the HGF/c-Met system, thereby contributing to the aggressive invasive features of pancreatic cancer.
    背景与目标: : 据报道,肿瘤中的低氧环境在胰腺癌的进展中起重要作用。基质细胞和癌细胞之间的相互作用也有助于胰腺癌的恶性行为。在本研究中,我们调查了缺氧刺激是否会影响基质细胞以及胰腺癌细胞。我们的发现表明,缺氧显着提高了胰腺癌 (PK8) 和成纤维细胞 (MRC5) 的HIF-1alpha表达。低氧刺激加速了PK8细胞的侵袭活性,因此,当用低氧MRC5细胞制备的条件培养基 (低氧条件培养基) 培养低氧PK8细胞时,其侵袭能力进一步加快。缺氧条件下PK8细胞MMP-2、MMP-7、MT1-MMP和c-Met表达增加。低氧刺激还增加了MRC5细胞的肝细胞生长因子 (HGF) 分泌,导致PK8细胞中c-Met磷酸化升高。相反,通过从低氧条件培养基中去除HGF,可以降低PK8细胞的癌症侵袭,MMP活性和c-Met磷酸化水平。在免疫组织化学研究中,在周围基质以及胰腺癌细胞中观察到HIF-1alpha表达,因此表明癌症和基质细胞中都存在缺氧。此外,发现基质HGF表达不仅与癌细胞中的基质HIF-1alpha表达显着相关,而且与c-Met表达显着相关。这些结果表明,基质和癌细胞内的缺氧环境激活了HGF/c-Met系统,从而有助于胰腺癌的侵袭性特征。
  • 【胃癌中pRb2/p130,VEGF,EZH2,p53,p16(INK4A),p27(KIP1),p21(WAF1) Ki-67表达模式的免疫组织化学分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/jcp.20833 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mattioli E,Vogiatzi P,Sun A,Abbadessa G,Angeloni G,D'Ugo D,Trani D,Gaughan JP,Vecchio FM,Cevenini G,Persiani R,Giordano A,Claudio PP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Although the considerable progress against gastric cancer, it remains a complex lethal disease defined by peculiar histological and molecular features. The purpose of the present study was to investigate pRb2/p130, VEGF, EZH2, p53, p16(INK4A), p27(KIP1), p21(WAF1), Ki-67 expressions, and analyze their possible correlations with clinicopathological factors. The expression patterns were examined by immunohistochemistry in 47 patients, 27 evaluated of intestinal-type, and 20 of diffuse-type, with a mean follow up of 56 months and by Western blot in AGS, N87, KATO-III, and YCC-2, -3, -16 gastric cell lines. Overall, stomach cancer showed EZH2 correlated with high levels of p53, Ki-67, and cytoplasmic pRb2/p130 (P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). Increased expression of EZH2 was found in the intestinal-type and correlated with the risk of distant metastasis (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), demonstrating that this protein may have a prognostic value in this type of cancer. Interestingly, a strong inverse correlation was observed between p27(KIP1) expression levels and the risk of advanced disease and metastasis (P < 0.05), and a positive correlation between the expression levels of p21(WAF1) and low-grade (G1) gastric tumors (P < 0.05), confirming the traditionally accepted role for these tumor-suppressor genes in gastric cancer. Finally, a direct correlation was found between the expression levels of nuclear pRb2/p130 and low-grade (G1) gastric tumors that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Altogether, these data may help shed some additional light on the pathogenetic mechanisms related to the two main gastric cancer histotypes and their invasive potentials.
    背景与目标: : 尽管在抗胃癌方面取得了长足的进步,但它仍然是一种由特殊的组织学和分子特征定义的复杂致死疾病。本研究的目的是调查pRb2/p130,VEGF,EZH2,p53,p16(INK4A),p27(KIP1),p21(WAF1),Ki-67表达,并分析其与临床病理因素的可能相关性。通过免疫组织化学检查了47例患者的表达模式,其中27例被评估为肠型,20例被评估为弥漫型,平均随访56个月,并通过Western blot在AGS,N87,KATO-III和YCC-2中进行了检测,-3,-16胃细胞系。总体而言,胃癌显示EZH2与高水平的p53,Ki-67和细胞质pRb2/p130相关 (分别为P <0.05和P <0.01)。在肠型中发现EZH2的表达增加,并且与远处转移的风险相关 (分别为P <0.05和P <0.01),表明该蛋白可能在此类癌症中具有预后价值。有趣的是,p27(KIP1) 表达水平与晚期疾病和转移风险之间存在很强的负相关 (P <0.05),而p21(WAF1) 表达水平与低度 (G1) 胃肿瘤之间存在正相关 (P <0.05),证实了这些肿瘤抑制基因在胃癌中的传统作用。最后,发现核pRb2/p130的表达水平与低级别 (G1) 胃肿瘤之间存在直接相关性,具有统计学意义 (P <0.05)。总之,这些数据可能有助于进一步阐明与两种主要胃癌组织类型及其侵袭潜力有关的致病机制。
  • 【[非洲男性乳腺癌,与瓦加杜古大学教学医院 (布基纳法索) 的5例病例有关]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sano D,Dao B,Lankoandé J,Touré B,Sakandé B,Traoré SS,Wandaogo A,Dakouré R,Sanou A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A retrospective study of male breast cancer was undertaken at Ouagadougou University Teaching Hospital over a 3 year period (1993-1996). Authors report 5 cases representing 4.16% of all breast cancers. The patients' mean age was 61 years. The average duration of signs and symptoms before the diagnosis was 13 months. Clinically all the 5 cases presented advanced cancers (4 T4N2M0, 1 T4N2M1 according to UICC TNM System) with size ranging from 5.5, to 11.5 cm. Histology found: 2 medullary infiltrating carcinoma, 1 canalar infiltrating carcinoma, 1 colloid mucous carcinoma and 1 lobular infiltrating carcinoma. All patients had mastectomy associated with axillary clearance in 4 cases. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonotherapy were not associated because unavailable in Burkina Faso. Three patients died: the first, 10 days after surgical treatment and the 2 others respectively after 14 and 17 months. We have lost sight 1 patients. The last one is still alive. Authors find that to get better prognosis, it is important to improve medical and technical means, to increase information and to promote early detection.
    背景与目标: : 在瓦加杜古大学教学医院进行了为期3年 (1993-1996年) 的男性乳腺癌回顾性研究。作者报告了5例代表所有乳腺癌4.16% 的病例。患者的平均年龄为61岁。诊断前症状和体征的平均持续时间为13个月。临床上所有5例均表现为晚期癌症 (根据UICC TNM系统,4个T4N2M0,1个T4N2M1),大小从5.5到11.5厘米。组织学发现: 髓质浸润性癌2例,管内浸润性癌1例,胶体粘液性癌1例,小叶浸润性癌1例。所有患者均行乳房切除术伴腋窝清除4例。放疗,化疗和激素治疗不相关,因为在布基纳法索不可用。3例患者死亡: 手术治疗后第1、10天,另外2例分别在14和17个月后死亡。我们已经看不见1个病人了。最后一个还活着。作者发现,要获得更好的预后,必须改善医疗和技术手段,增加信息并促进早期发现。
  • 【宫颈细胞学筛查-城市周围地区的知识,态度和实践。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bailie R,Pick W,Cooper D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practice of women living in peri-urban settlements with regard to screening for cervical cancer. METHOD:A community-based questionnaire survey of 165 women living in a defined area of Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement on the outskirts of Cape Town. RESULTS:Two hundred households were visited, with a response rate of 84%. Median age of respondents was 27.5 years. The majority of interviewees were married (53.3%), unemployed (61.5%), had an educational status of standard 4 or less (58.1%) and had been living in Cape Town for 4 years or more (64.3%). The median parity was 2 (range 0-11). Most interviewees were currently using contraception (52.4%). One-third (35.4%; 95% CI 28.1-42.7%) of interviewees had heard of the Pap smear. Of these women, most had obtained their information from the midwife obstetric unit (MOU), and this was the most commonly reported facility where Pap tests were known to be done. The majority of interviewees did not regard the test (or the prospect thereof) as embarrassing (88.4%), painful (89.1%) or harmful (90.9%), and indicated that they would have the test done (89.1%). The most important reason for choice of where the test should be done was proximity to place of residence (83.9%). More than one-third of interviewees reported having had a Pap test (37.2%; 95% CI 28.8-44.8%). The most common reason for not having had a test was that the interviewee had never heard of it (81.3%). Most had undergone the test at a MOU (65.6%), where it had been part of an antenatal work-up (80.3%). Fewer than half of the interviewees who had undergone a test knew the result of their test. CONCLUSION:The antenatal, obstetric and family planning services in the area have been effective, to a limited extent, in providing information and conducting screening. However, these services are missing many opportunities to fulfill this function, and knowledge and practice of cervical cytology screening in this community are poor. With the implementation of a rational policy for screening in this area there is the potential to achieve good coverage.
    背景与目标:

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