The interaction of blood and fabrics is currently a 'hot topic', since the understanding and interpretation of these stains is still in its infancy. A recent simplified perpendicular impact experimental programme considering bloodstains generated on fabrics laid the foundations for understanding more complex scenarios. Blood rarely impacts apparel fabrics perpendicular; therefore a systematic study was conducted to characterise the appearance of drip stains on inclined fabrics. The final drip stain appearance for 45° and 15° impact angles on torso apparel fabrics (100% cotton plain woven, 100% polyester plain woven, a blend of polyester and cotton plain woven and 100% cotton single jersey knit) that had been laundered for six, 26 and 52 cycles prior to testing was investigated. The relationship between drop parameters (height and volume), angle and the stain characteristics (parent stain area, axis 1 and 2 and number of satellite stains) for each fabric was examined using analysis of variance. The appearance of the drip stains on these fabrics was distorted, in comparison to drip stains on hard-smooth surface. Examining the parent stain allowed for classification of stains occurring at an angle, however the same could not be said for the satellite stains produced. All of the dried stains visible on the surface of the fabric were larger than just after the impacting event, indicating within fabric spreading of blood due to capillary force (wicking). The cotton-containing fabrics spread the blood within the fabrics in all directions along the stain's circumference, while spreading within the polyester plain woven fabric occurred in only the weft (width of the fabric) and warp (length) directions. Laundering affected the formation of bloodstain on the blend plain woven fabric at both impact angles, although not all characteristics were significantly affected for the three impact conditions considered. The bloodstain characteristics varied due to the fibre content and fabric structure for both impact angles investigated. It is therefore necessary to consider the age of the fabric (which is fabric specific), the fibre type (including blends) and the fabric structure, before interpreting bloodstain patterns. An understanding of this simplified inclined drip stain interaction has been investigated to generate a basis for more complex interactions, such as spatter bloodstains.

译文

:血液和织物的相互作用目前是一个“热门话题”,因为对这些污渍的理解和解释仍处于起步阶段。最近的一项简化的垂直冲击实验程序考虑了织物上产生的血迹,为理解更复杂的场景奠定了基础。血液很少会垂直影响服装面料。因此进行了系统的研究,以表征倾斜织物上滴落污渍的外观。经过洗涤的躯干服装面料(100%棉平纹织物,100%聚酯平纹织物,聚酯和棉平纹织物的混合物以及100%棉质单面针织物)在45°和15°冲击角下的最终滴落污渍外观在测试前进行了六个,26和52个循环的研究。使用方差分析检查了每种织物的掉落参数(高度和体积),角度和污渍特征(亲代污渍区域,轴1和2和卫星污渍数)之间的关系。与硬光滑表面上的污渍相比,这些织物上的污渍外观失真。检查母体污渍可以对以一定角度出现的污渍进行分类,但是对于产生的卫星污渍却不能说相同。织物表面上可见的所有干燥污渍均比刚刚发生撞击事件后要大,这表明由于毛细作用力(芯吸作用)在织物内散布了血液。含棉织物在血液中沿着污渍的圆周在各个方向上传播血液,而在聚酯平纹织物内的传播仅在纬向(织物的宽度)和经向(长度)方向上发生。尽管在所考虑的三种冲击条件下,并非所有特性都受到显着影响,但洗涤影响了混纺平纹织物上血迹的形成。血迹特性因所研究的两个冲击角的纤维含量和织物结构而异。因此,在解释血迹图案之前,有必要考虑织物的年龄(特定于织物的年龄),纤维类型(包括混纺物)和织物结构。已经研究了对这种简化的倾斜滴液污渍相互作用的理解,从而为更复杂的相互作用(例如飞溅的血迹)奠定了基础。

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