• 【路易体患者的阿尔茨海默氏病和痴呆症的脑脊液可增强体外 α-突触核蛋白原纤维的形成。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.08.012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ono K,Noguchi-Shinohara M,Yoshita M,Naiki H,Yamada M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Deposition of alpha-synuclein (alphaS) aggregates inside brain cells is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Recently, extracellular alphaS was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of humans. We investigated whether CSF influences alphaS aggregation in vitro using fluorescence spectroscopy with thioflavin S and electron microscopy. We found that CSF obtained from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and DLB patients enhanced the alphaS fibril formation compared with tauopathy and non-central nervous system disease. Thus, CSF of AD and DLB characterized by aggregation of Abeta or alphaS might promote falphaS formation.
    背景与目标: : 脑细胞内 α-突触核蛋白 (alpha) 聚集体的沉积是几种神经退行性疾病的病理标志,包括帕金森氏病 (PD) 和路易体痴呆 (DLB)。最近,在人类的脑脊液 (CSF) 和血浆中检测到细胞外alpha。我们使用硫黄素S的荧光光谱法和电子显微镜研究了CSF是否会影响alpha的体外聚集。我们发现,与tauopathy和非中枢神经系统疾病相比,从阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 和DLB患者获得的CSF增强了alpha原纤维的形成。因此,以Abeta或alpha聚集为特征的AD和DLB的CSF可能会促进falpha的形成。
  • 【年龄,性别和流体动力学对泪膜表皮生长因子浓度的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nava A,Barton K,Monroy DC,Pflugfelder SC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:To identify the relationship between epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentration in human tears and clinical tear-flow parameters and how these vary with age and gender.

    METHODS:Tear samples were collected with minimal stimulation from 68 healthy and asymptomatic adults (33 men, 35 women), aged 21-88 years. EGF concentrations were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 65 cases. Schirmer tests were performed without anesthesia, and the clearance of fluorescein from the tear film assessed. The Tear Function Index (TFI) was calculated from these values.

    RESULTS:There were approximately equal numbers of male and female subjects with a similar age distribution for each gender (48 +/- 3 and 51 +/- 3 years, mean +/- SEM, respectively). Ninety percent of tear EGF concentrations were between 0.75 and 7.1 ng/ml. Tear EGF level correlated significantly with Schirmer I value, but not with age. Schirmer I value correlated with tear clearance [LN(TCR)] but not with age. Tear EGF concentrations were significantly higher for men (3.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) than for women (2.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml; p = 0.043).

    CONCLUSIONS:EGF concentrations is tear samples from normal humans were found to correlate with gender and Schirmer I value but not with tear clearance.

    背景与目标: 目的 : 确定人眼泪中表皮生长因子 (EGF) 浓度与临床泪液流量参数之间的关系,以及这些参数随年龄和性别的变化。
    方法 : 在最小的刺激下,从68名健康和无症状的成年人 (33名男性,35名女性) 收集了眼泪样本,年龄在21-88岁之间。用夹心酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA) 测定65例患者的EGF浓度。在没有麻醉的情况下进行Schirmer测试,并评估了泪膜中荧光素的清除率。泪液功能指数 (TFI) 是根据这些值计算得出的。
    结果 : 每个性别年龄分布相似的男性和女性受试者数量大致相等 (48/- 3岁和51/- 3岁,分别为平均值 +/- SEM)。90% 的泪液EGF浓度在0.75至7.1 ng/ml之间。泪液EGF水平与Schirmer I值显着相关,但与年龄无关。Schirmer I值与泪液清除率 [LN(TCR)] 相关,但与年龄无关。男性的泪液EGF浓度 (3.4/- 0.3 ng/ml) 显着高于女性 (2.4/- 0.3 ng/ml; p = 0.043)。
    结论 :EGF浓度是正常人的泪液样本与性别和Schirmer I值相关,但与泪液清除率无关。
  • 【CFTR依赖性气道粘膜下腺液分泌的腺泡起源。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1152/ajplung.00286.2006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wu JV,Krouse ME,Wine JJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease arises from defective innate defenses, especially defective mucus clearance of microorganisms. Airway submucosal glands secrete most airway mucus, and CF airway glands do not secrete in response to VIP or forskolin. CFTR, the protein that is defective in CF, is expressed in glands, but immunocytochemistry finds the highest expression of CFTR in either the ciliated ducts or in the acini, depending on the antibodies used. CFTR is absolutely required for forskolin-mediated gland secretion; we used this finding to localize the origin of forskolin-stimulated, CFTR-dependent gland fluid secretion. We tested the hypothesis that secretion to forskolin might originate from the gland duct rather than or in addition to the acini. We ligated gland ducts at various points, stimulated the glands with forskolin, and monitored the regions of the glands that swelled. The results supported an acinar rather than ductal origin of secretion. We tracked particles in the mucus using Nomarski time-lapse imaging; particles originated in the acini and traveled toward the duct orifice. Estimated bulk flow accelerated in the acini and mucus tubules, consistent with fluid secretion in those regions, but was constant in the unbranched duct, consistent with a lack of fluid secretion or absorption by the ductal epithelium. We conclude that CFTR-dependent gland fluid secretion originates in the serous acini. The failure to observe either secretion or absorption from the CFTR and epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC)-rich ciliated ducts is unexplained, but may indicate that this epithelium alters the composition rather than the volume of gland mucus.
    背景与目标: : 囊性纤维化 (CF) 气道疾病源于先天防御缺陷,尤其是微生物的粘液清除缺陷。气道粘膜下腺体分泌大多数气道粘液,而CF气道腺体对VIP或forskolin不分泌。CFTR是CF中存在缺陷的蛋白质,在腺体中表达,但免疫细胞化学发现CFTR在纤毛导管或腺泡中表达最高,具体取决于所使用的抗体。CFTR是forskolin介导的腺体分泌绝对必需的; 我们使用这一发现来定位forskolin刺激的CFTR依赖性腺液分泌的起源。我们检验了以下假设: 毛喉素的分泌可能起源于腺管,而不是腺泡。我们在各个点结扎腺管,用forskolin刺激腺体,并监测肿胀的腺体区域。结果支持分泌的腺泡而不是导管起源。我们使用Nomarski延时成像技术跟踪了粘液中的颗粒; 颗粒起源于腺泡,并向导管口传播。估计的大量流量在腺泡和粘液小管中加速,与这些区域的液体分泌一致,但在无分支的导管中是恒定的,与导管上皮缺乏液体分泌或吸收相一致。我们得出结论,CFTR依赖性腺液分泌起源于浆液性腺泡。无法观察到CFTR和富含上皮Na () 通道 (ENaC) 的纤毛导管的分泌或吸收是无法解释的,但可能表明该上皮改变了腺体粘液的组成而不是体积。
  • 【血小板衍生生长因子与蛛网膜下腔出血: 脑池脑脊液的研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/BF01808827 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gaetani P,Tancioni F,Grignani G,Tartara F,Merlo EM,Brocchieri A,Rodriguez y Baena R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) was identified as a powerful mitogenic growth factor which is released from activated platelets and has a marked activity as vasoconstrictor agent. In the present study we have measured cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of PDGF in 72 patients operated on for intracranial aneurysm in order to verify whether it might be related to the clinical aspects of SAH with special regard to symptomatic vasospasm. CSF samples were obtained at surgery by cisternal puncture of the subarachnoid cistern the nearest to the aneurysm before aneurysm isolation and exclusion. The specimen were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. PDGF was measured using a commercially available reagent. Values are expressed as pg/ml of CSF. In 18 cases no radiological and clinical signs of SAH were detected and the mean cisternal CSF level of PDGF was 885.0 +/- 104.5 pg/ml; 20 patients were operated on between day 1 and 3 from the last SAH episode: mean cisternal CSF level of PDGF was 1917.5 +/- 459.4 pg/ml. In 34 patients treated with delayed surgery protocol, mean cisternal CSF level of PDGF was 995.3 +/- 73.8 pg/ml. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups (P: 0.011). In the subgroup of patients operated on within day 3 after SAH, 6 presented vasospasm and had mean cisternal CSF PDGF level which was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in 14 patients without vasospasm. In the delayed "surgical" patients there was no significant difference in cisternal CSF levels of PDGF considering the occurrence of vasospasm. The results of the present study suggest that (a) after SAH there is a significant release of PDGF early after SAH and (b) higher levels of PDGF found in cisternal CSF of patients operated on within 72 hours after SAH may be predictive of symptomatic vasospasm.
    背景与目标: : 血小板衍生生长因子 (PDGF) 被鉴定为一种强大的有丝分裂生长因子,可从活化的血小板中释放出来,并具有明显的血管收缩剂活性。在本研究中,我们测量了72例因颅内动脉瘤手术的患者的脑池脑脊液 (CSF) 水平,以验证其是否可能与SAH的临床方面有关,特别是与症状性血管痉挛有关。在手术中,在动脉瘤隔离和排除之前,通过最靠近动脉瘤的蛛网膜下池穿刺获得CSF样本。将样品冷冻在液氮中,并在-80 ℃ 下保存直到分析。使用市售试剂测量PDGF。值表示为pg/ml的CSF。18例未检测到SAH的放射学和临床体征,PDGF的平均池CSF水平为885.0/- 104.5 pg/ml; 20例患者在最后一次SAH发作的第1天至第3天进行了手术: PDGF的平均池脑脊液水平为1917.5 +/- 459.4 pg/ml。在接受延迟手术方案治疗的34例患者中,平均池脑脊液中PDGF水平为995.3 +/- 73.8 pg/ml。统计学分析显示组间差异有统计学意义 (P: 0.011)。在SAH后第3天内进行手术的患者亚组中,有6例出现血管痉挛,平均脑池CSF PDGF水平显着高于14例无血管痉挛的患者 (P <0.01)。在延迟的 “手术” 患者中,考虑到血管痉挛的发生,脑池CSF的PDGF水平没有显着差异。本研究的结果表明 (a) SAH后,SAH后早期PDGF显着释放,(b) SAH后72小时内手术的患者的池脑脊液中发现较高水平的PDGF可能是症状性血管痉挛的预测因素。
  • 【正常优势和队列卵泡,多囊性和多囊性卵巢的卵泡液中的胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00465.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Holly JM,Eden JA,Alaghband-Zadeh J,Carter GD,Jemmott RC,Cianfarani S,Chard T,Wass JA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :There is now considerable evidence that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play an important role in the human ovary. It has also recently become apparent that the physiological activity of the IGFs is modulated by a number of specific binding proteins (IGFBPs). In order to understand the role of the IGFs in ovarian physiology, the presence and functions of these IGFBPs will need to be characterized. As an initial step towards this we have investigated the presence of the various binding proteins by Western ligand blotting and have measured the levels of one of them, IGFBP-1, in follicular fluid (FF) obtained from unstimulated dominant and cohort follicles in 19 normal women and in eight patients with polycystic and one with multicystic ovaries. In normal women, IGFBP-1 levels in dominant follicles were similar to matched serum levels but were significantly lower in cohort follicles. IGFBP-1 levels correlated with FF-volume (r = 0.58, P less than 0.001) and with paired serum levels (r = 0.63, P less than 0.001). In post-LH surge dominant follicles this relationship with serum levels no longer held and in three out of nine subjects FF levels were higher than in serum. Thus IGFBP-1 in normal human FF appears to be partly derived from the circulation but with additional local production in the larger developing dominant follicles. Western ligand blotting revealed five IGF-binding proteins in FF running parallel with those identified in serum, suggesting that the IGFBP species previously identified in serum may also be present in FF. The two bands in positions corresponding to the components of the large (150kDa) binding complex were, as in serum, the predominant forms and in most FF samples these were even more prominent than in the accompanying serum sample. This contrasts with previous studies in lymph which suggested that the 150kDa complex was largely retained in the circulation. All three small IGFBPs varied considerably between FF samples even within an individual; each IGFBP varied independently of the other IGFBPs. Our results demonstrate that at least four discrete IGFBPs are present in FF and suggest that each may be produced independently within the ovary.
    背景与目标: : 现在有大量证据表明胰岛素样生长因子 (igf) 在人类卵巢中起重要作用。最近也很明显,igf的生理活性受许多特异性结合蛋白 (IGFBPs) 的调节。为了了解igf在卵巢生理中的作用,需要表征这些igfbp的存在和功能。作为实现这一目标的第一步,我们通过Western配体印迹研究了各种结合蛋白的存在,并测量了其中之一的水平,IGFBP-1,在19名正常妇女以及8名多囊卵巢患者和1名多囊卵巢患者的未刺激显性卵泡和队列卵泡中获得的卵泡液 (FF) 中。在正常女性中,优势卵泡中的IGFBP-1水平与匹配的血清水平相似,但队列卵泡中的水平显着降低。IGFBP-1水平与FF体积 (r = 0.58,P小于0.001) 和配对血清水平 (r = 0.63,P小于0.001) 相关。在LH激增后的优势卵泡中,这种与血清水平的关系不再存在,并且在9名受试者中,有3名FF水平高于血清。因此,正常人FF中的IGFBP-1似乎部分来自循环,但在较大的发育中的优势卵泡中具有额外的局部产量。Western配体印迹显示FF中的五个IGF结合蛋白与血清中鉴定的蛋白平行,这表明先前在血清中鉴定的IGFBP物种也可能存在于FF中。与血清中一样,与大 (150kDa) 结合复合物的成分相对应的两个条带是主要形式,在大多数FF样品中,这些条带甚至比伴随的血清样品更为突出。这与先前的淋巴研究相反,后者表明150kDa复合物在循环中大部分保留。即使在个人内部,所有三个小的IGFBP在FF样本之间也有很大差异; 每个IGFBP独立于其他IGFBP而变化。我们的结果表明,FF中至少存在四个离散的igfbp,并表明每个igfbp可以在卵巢内独立产生。
  • 【结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中65 kD热休克蛋白的检测。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/1471-2377-6-34 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mudaliar AV,Kashyap RS,Purohit HJ,Taori GM,Daginawala HF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult. Rapid confirmatory diagnosis is essential to initiate required therapy. There are very few published reports about the diagnostic significance of 65 kD heat shock protein (hsp) in TBM patients, which is present in a wide range of Mycobacterium tuberculosis species and elicits a cellular and humoral immune response. In the present study we have conducted a prospective evaluation for the demonstration of 65 kD hsp antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBM patients, by indirect ELISA method using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the 65 kD hsp antigen, for the diagnosis of TBM. METHODS:A total of 160 CSF samples of different groups of patients (confirmed TBM {n = 18}, clinically suspected TBM {n = 62}, non TBM infectious meningitis {n = 35} and non-infectious neurological diseases {n = 45}) were analyzed by indirect ELISA method using mAb to 65 kD hsp antigen. The Kruskal Wallis test (Non-Parametric ANOVA) with the Dunnett post test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:The indirect ELISA method yielded 84% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the diagnosis of TBM using mAb to 65 kD hsp antigen. The mean absorbance value of 65 kD hsp antigen in TBM patients was [0.70 +/- 0.23 (0.23-1.29)], significantly higher than the non-TBM infectious meningitis group [0.32 +/- 0.14 (0.12-0.78), P < 0.001] and also higher than the non-infectious neurological disorders group [0.32 +/- 0.13 (0.20-0.78), P < 0.001]. A significant difference in the mean absorbance of 65 kD hsp antigen was noted in the CSF of culture-positive TBM patients [0.94 +/- 0.18 (0.54-1.29)] when compared with clinically suspected TBM patients [0.64 +/- 0.20 (0.23-0.98), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION:The presence of 65 kD hsp antigen in the CSF of confirmed and suspected cases of TBM would indicate that the selected protein is specific to M. tuberculosis and could be considered as a diagnostic marker for TBM.
    背景与目标:
  • 【通过结合临床,放射学和胸水分析参数来预测恶性和副感胸腔积液。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2017-10-01
    来源期刊:Lung
    DOI:10.1007/s00408-017-0032-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Herrera Lara S,Fernández-Fabrellas E,Juan Samper G,Marco Buades J,Andreu Lapiedra R,Pinilla Moreno A,Morales Suárez-Varela M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The usefulness of clinical, radiological and pleural fluid analytical parameters for diagnosing malignant and paramalignant pleural effusion is not clearly stated. Hence this study aimed to identify possible predictor variables of diagnosing malignancy in pleural effusion of unknown aetiology. METHODS:Clinical, radiological and pleural fluid analytical parameters were obtained from consecutive patients who had suffered pleural effusion of unknown aetiology. They were classified into three groups according to their final diagnosis: malignant, paramalignant and benign pleural effusion. The CHAID (Chi-square automatic interaction detector) methodology was used to estimate the implication of the clinical, radiological and analytical variables in daily practice through decision trees. RESULTS:Of 71 patients, malignant (n = 31), paramalignant (n = 15) and benign (n = 25), smoking habit, dyspnoea, weight loss, radiological characteristics (mass, node, adenopathies and pleural thickening) and pleural fluid analytical parameters (pH and glucose) distinguished malignant and paramalignant pleural effusions (all with a p < 0.05). Decision tree 1 classified 77.8% of malignant and paramalignant pleural effusions in step 2. Decision tree 2 classified 83.3% of malignant pleural effusions in step 2, 73.3% of paramalignant pleural effusions and 91.7% of benign ones. CONCLUSIONS:The data herein suggest that the identified predictor values applied to tree diagrams, which required no extraordinary measures, have a higher rate of correct identification of malignant, paramalignant and benign effusions when compared to techniques available today and proved most useful for usual clinical practice. Future studies are still needed to further improve the classification of patients.
    背景与目标:
  • 【急性胰腺炎的液体治疗: 任何人的猜测。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31827773ff 复制DOI
    作者列表:Haydock MD,Mittal A,Wilms HR,Phillips A,Petrov MS,Windsor JA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to systematically review and evaluate the quality of current evidence about fluid therapy (FT) in acute pancreatitis (AP). BACKGROUND:Intravenous FT is thought to be important in the early management of patients with AP. Clinically relevant questions remain regarding the type of fluid, the rate of administration, and the goal of FT. METHODS:A comprehensive literature search for human studies was performed using online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library). The quality of the entire body of evidence was then graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group guidelines in relation to 3 key areas: type of fluid, rate of fluid administration, and goal-directed FT. RESULTS:The initial search yielded 410 studies, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. Only 2 randomized studies compared types of fluids. Nine studies looked at aggressive versus nonaggressive resuscitation protocols, of which 4 concluded that an aggressive approach yielded better outcomes and 5 concluded that a nonaggressive approach was better. Two studies investigated goal-directed FT, using different goals; one demonstrating benefit and the other none. Analysis of the body of evidence as per the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group revealed that the majority of evidence was of low or very low quality. CONCLUSIONS:FT is considered a cornerstone of the early management of patients with AP and yet the evidence on which it is based remains paltry and of poor quality. This systematic review has demonstrated the equipoise necessary for the design of randomized controlled trials to answer pressing questions relating to the type of fluid, the rate of administration, and how FT should be guided.
    背景与目标:
  • 【认知储备和脑脊液生物标志物与临床前阿尔茨海默病临床症状出现的关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.017 复制DOI
    作者列表:Soldan A,Pettigrew C,Li S,Wang MC,Moghekar A,Selnes OA,Albert M,O'Brien R,BIOCARD Research Team.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), as measured in cerebrospinal fluid, have been associated with the risk of progressing from normal cognition to onset of clinical symptoms during preclinical Alzheimer's disease. We examined whether cognitive reserve (CR) modifies this association. Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained at baseline from 239 participants (mean age, 57.2 years) who had been followed for up to 17 years with clinical and cognitive assessments (mean follow-up, 8 years). A composite score based on the National Adult Reading Test, vocabulary, and years of education at baseline was used as an index of CR. Cox regression models showed that the increased risk of progressing from normal cognition to symptom onset was associated with lower CR, lower baseline Aβ, and higher baseline p-tau. There was no interaction between CR and Aβ, suggesting that the protective effects of higher CR are equivalent across the observed range of amyloid levels. In contrast, both tau and p-tau interacted with CR, indicating that CR was more protective at lower levels of tau and p-tau.
    背景与目标: : 在脑脊液中测得的 β-淀粉样蛋白 (a β) 和磷酸化tau (p-tau) 的水平与临床前阿尔茨海默氏病从正常认知发展为临床症状发作的风险有关。我们检查了认知储备 (CR) 是否改变了这种关联。在基线时从239名参与者 (平均年龄,57.2岁) 获得脑脊液,这些参与者接受了长达17年的临床和认知评估 (平均随访,8年)。使用基于全国成人阅读测试,词汇和基线受教育年限的综合分数作为CR的指标。Cox回归模型显示,从正常认知到症状发作的风险增加与较低的CR,较低的基线a β 和较高的基线p-tau相关。CR和a β 之间没有相互作用,这表明在观察到的淀粉样蛋白水平范围内,较高的CR的保护作用是等效的。相反,tau和p-tau均与CR相互作用,表明CR在较低的tau和p-tau含量下具有更大的保护性。
  • 【接受胸动脉瘤修复的患者的脑脊液中的热休克蛋白HSP70和HSP27与术后瘫痪的可能性相关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s12192-008-0039-z 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hecker JG,Sundram H,Zou S,Praestgaard A,Bavaria JE,Ramchandren S,McGarvey M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :An understanding of the time course and correlation with injury of heat shock proteins (HSPs) released during brain and/or spinal cord cellular stress (ischemia) is critical in understanding the role of the HSPs in cellular survival, and may provide a clinically useful biomarker of severe cellular stress. We have analyzed the levels of HSPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients who are undergoing thoracic aneurysm repair. Blood and CSF samples were collected at regular intervals, and CSF was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HSP70 and HSP27. These results were correlated with intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potentials measurements and postoperative paralysis. We find that the levels of these proteins in many patients are elevated and that the degree of elevation correlates with the risk of permanent paralysis. We hypothesize that sequential measurement intraoperatively of the levels of the heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP27 in the CSF can predict those patients who are at greatest risk for paralysis during thoracic aneurysm surgery and will allow us to develop means of preventing or attenuating this severe and often fatal complication.
    背景与目标: : 了解大脑和/或脊髓细胞应激 (缺血) 期间释放的热休克蛋白 (hsp) 的时间过程以及与损伤的相关性对于理解hsp在细胞存活中的作用至关重要,并且可能提供临床上有用的生物标志物严重的细胞应激。我们已经分析了正在接受胸动脉瘤修复的患者的脑脊液 (CSF) 中HSPs的水平。定期收集血液和CSF样本,并通过酶联免疫吸附法分析CSF中的HSP70和hsp27。这些结果与术中体感诱发电位测量和术后瘫痪相关。我们发现许多患者中这些蛋白质的水平升高,并且升高的程度与永久性瘫痪的风险相关。我们假设,术中连续测量CSF中热休克蛋白HSP70和HSP27的水平可以预测那些在胸动脉瘤手术中瘫痪风险最大的患者,并将使我们能够开发预防或减轻这种严重且通常致命的并发症的方法。
  • 【对荷斯坦公牛精子、尾附睾液和睾丸匀浆中骨桥蛋白的检测及其在牛受精中的潜在作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1530/REP-06-0228 复制DOI
    作者列表:Erikson DW,Way AL,Chapman DA,Killian GJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted extracellular matrix phosphoprotein identified in various tissues and fluids including those of the male and female reproductive tracts. OPN was previously identified as a 55 kDa high fertility marker in Holstein bull seminal plasma, produced by the ampulla and the vesicular gland. The objectives of this study were to characterize OPN on ejaculated and cauda epididymal sperm using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis, and to assess the role of sperm OPN in fertilization. Solubilized sperm membrane proteins from ejaculated and cauda epididymal sperm were separated by 1D SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with an antibody to bovine milk OPN. A 35 kDa protein was detected by this antibody in both ejaculated and cauda epididymal sperm membranes. Analyses also recognized OPN at 55 and 25 kDa in cauda epididymal fluid and testicular parenchyma homogenates respectively. Immunofluorescent analysis of ejaculated and cauda epididymal sperm showed OPN localization in a well-defined band in the postacrosomal region of the sperm head and also on the midpiece. Results of in vitro fertilization experiments showed that sperm treated with an antibody to OPN fertilized fewer oocytes than sperm treated with control medium while increasing incidence of polyspermy, suggesting a role of sperm-associated OPN in fertilization and a block to polyspermy. These studies demonstrate that OPN exists at multiple molecular weight forms in the bull reproductive tract and its presence on ejaculated sperm may signal its importance in fertilization by interacting with integrins or other proteins on the oocyte plasma membrane.
    背景与目标: : 骨桥蛋白 (OPN) 是一种分泌的细胞外基质磷蛋白,在包括男性和女性生殖道在内的各种组织和体液中鉴定出。OPN先前被确定为由壶腹和水泡腺产生的荷斯坦公牛精浆中的55 kDa高生育力标记。这项研究的目的是使用免疫荧光和western blot分析来表征射精和附睾尾精子的OPN,并评估精子OPN在受精中的作用。通过1D sdds-PAGE分离来自射精和附睾尾精子的溶解的精子膜蛋白,转移至硝酸纤维素,并用牛乳OPN抗体探测。该抗体在射精和附睾尾精子膜中均检测到35 kDa蛋白。分析还分别在尾附睾液和睾丸实质匀浆中识别出55 kDa和25 kDa的OPN。对射精和附睾尾精子的免疫荧光分析显示,OPN定位在精子头部顶体后区域和中段的明确定义的条带中。体外受精实验的结果表明,用OPN抗体处理的精子比用对照培养基处理的精子受精的卵母细胞少,同时增加了多精子的发生率,这表明与精子相关的OPN在受精中的作用以及对多精子的阻断。这些研究表明,OPN以多种分子量形式存在于公牛生殖道中,并且其在射精精子上的存在可能通过与卵母细胞质膜上的整联蛋白或其他蛋白质相互作用来表明其在受精中的重要性。
  • 12 Cartilage cells in cerebrospinal fluid. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【脑脊液中的软骨细胞。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chen KT,Moseley D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A rare case in which cartilage cells were observed in cerebrospinal fluid is reported and the literature reviewed. This phenomenon, occurring in 0.2% of the cerebrospinal fluid specimens, is thought to be caused by accidental puncture of the intervertebral disk. It has the potential of being mistaken for a malignant process.
    背景与目标: : 报道了在脑脊液中观察到软骨细胞的罕见病例,并复习了文献。这种现象发生在0.2% 脑脊液标本中,被认为是由于椎间盘的意外穿刺引起的。它有可能被误认为是恶性过程。
  • 【突触核蛋白病与taut病的血清和脑脊液尿酸水平。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/ane.12012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Constantinescu R,Andreasson U,Holmberg B,Zetterberg H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Low levels of serum urate are associated with a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Higher serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) urate levels are associated with slower rates of clinical decline in PD and in multiple system atrophy (MSA). AIMS:To compare CSF and blood urate levels in healthy controls, patients with synucleinopathies and with tauopathies. METHODS:We investigated urate levels in serum and CSF from 18 healthy controls, 19 patients with synucleinopathies (six patients with PD and 13 with MSA), and 24 patients with tauopathies (18 with progressive supranuclear palsy and six with corticobasal degeneration). None of the patients were treated with dopaminergic medications. RESULTS:No significant differences were seen when comparing serum and CSF urate levels from controls across the parkinsonian diagnostic groups. However, in men, serum urate levels were significantly lower in the synucleinopathy group compared with the tauopathy group (P = 0.046), although with a broad overlap. CONCLUSION:Our study suggests that urate levels might provide new insights into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Parkinsonism and thereby contribute to the future management of these disorders.
    背景与目标:
  • 【葡萄糖稀释可以检测狗输注酚妥拉明后的液体重新分布。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s001340051328 复制DOI
    作者列表:Matsui A,Ishihara H,Suzuki A,Hashiba E,Fukushi T,Matsuki A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:We have recently reported that the initial distribution volume of glucose (IDVG) reliably measures the central extracellular fluid (ECF) volume in the presence of fluid gain or loss. However, it is not clear if IDVG consistently reflects central-ECF volume when redistribution of fluid occurs in the absence of fluid gain or loss. This study was designed to investigate changes in fluid volumes during phentolamine infusion in dogs. DESIGN:Prospective animal study. SETTING:Institutional animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS:Fourteen anesthetized and ventilated mongrel dogs. INTERVENTIONS:Anesthetized animals were mechanically ventilated and received infusions of normal saline (n = 7) or phentolamine (10 microg kg min) (n = 7). Plasma volume was estimated using the indocyanine green (ICG) dilution method (PV-ICG) and IDVG was calculated using a one-compartment model by simultaneous administration of ICG 0.5 mg/kg and glucose 100 mg/kg before, during, and after infusion of either drug. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:PV-ICG during infusion was not different between groups. However, IDVG significantly decreased (P < 0.05) following phentolamine infusion when compared with normal saline infusion. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that IDVG rather than PV-ICG consistently measures central extracellular fluid volume, even when redistribution of fluid occurs.
    背景与目标:
  • 【具有明显tau相关病理的神经退行性疾病中的脑脊液tau水平。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6908 复制DOI
    作者列表:Arai H,Morikawa Y,Higuchi M,Matsui T,Clark CM,Miura M,Machida N,Lee VM,Trojanowski JQ,Sasaki H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cerebrospinal fluid tau (CSF-tau) levels were quantified in 8 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 6 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 3 patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and 6 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The CSF-tau levels were significantly increased in FTD and DLB, but not in PSP and CBD, compared to that previously reported in normal controls. Notably, the CSF-tau level in DLB was as high as that in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study suggests that tau may accumulate in the CSF of patients with certain neurodegenerative diseases other than AD and that measurement of CSF-tau may not distinguish AD from DLB.

    背景与目标: 对8例额颞叶痴呆 (FTD),6例进行性核上性麻痹 (PSP),3例皮质基底变性 (CBD) 和6例路易体痴呆 (DLB) 患者的脑脊液tau (CSF-tau) 水平进行了定量。与以前在正常对照组中报道的相比,FTD和DLB中的CSF-tau水平显着增加,但PSP和CBD中没有。值得注意的是,DLB中的CSF-tau水平与阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 一样高。我们的研究表明,tau可能会在患有AD以外的某些神经退行性疾病的患者的CSF中积累,并且CSF-tau的测量可能无法将AD与DLB区分开。

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