• 【艾滋病患者的更昔洛韦耐药性巨细胞病毒(CMV)视网膜炎一例:CMV病毒载量和血室中病毒突变的纵向分子分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:1997-06-01
    来源期刊:AIDS
    DOI:10.1097/00002030-199707000-00005 复制DOI
    作者列表:Boivin G,Gilbert C,Morissette M,Handfield J,Goyette N,Bergeron MG
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To study the temporal relationships between cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load and specific UL97 mutations in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and plasma samples from a patient with AIDS who developed ganciclovir-resistant CMV retinitis.

    METHODS:Sequential PMNL and plasma samples were analysed for determination of the CMV viral load using non-molecular methods and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Screening of the same samples for the most common mutations conferring ganciclovir resistance was performed using nested PCR and restriction enzyme analysis.

    RESULTS:At the time of progression of CMV retinitis (after 6 months of ganciclovir), a rapid increase in the CMV DNA load was found in both PMNL and plasma samples. This increase paralleled the emergence of a specific mutation (V594) in the same samples and recovery of ganciclovir-resistant blood isolates. In this patient, however, the only tests that substantially predicted the progression of CMV disease were the quantitative PCR assay using PMNL and to a lesser extent the pp65 antigenemia assay.

    CONCLUSIONS:Quantitative evaluation of the CMV viral load in PMNL using sensitive assays such as PCR appears to be a promising approach for monitoring antiviral therapy in subjects with AIDS. In addition, common mutations conferring ganciclovir resistance can be detected directly in PMNL and plasma samples.

    背景与目标: 目的:研究巨细胞病毒耐药性巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎的艾滋病患者的巨细胞病毒(CMV)病毒载量与多形核白细胞(PMNL)和血浆样品中特定UL97突变之间的时间关系。

    方法:使用非分子方法和定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析了连续的PMNL和血浆样品,以测定CMV病毒载量。使用巢式PCR和限制性内切酶分析对相同样品中最引起更昔洛韦耐药的突变进行筛查。

    结果:在CMV视网膜炎进展时(6个月后) (更昔洛韦)的检测,在PMNL和血浆样品中均发现CMV DNA载量迅速增加。这种增加与相同样品中特异突变(V594)的出现和更昔洛韦耐药血分离株的回收率平行。然而,在该患者中,唯一可以预测CMV疾病进展的检测方法是使用PMNL进行定量PCR检测,并在较小程度上使用pp65抗原血症检测。使用敏感的检测方法(如PCR)评估PMNL中CMV病毒载量似乎是监测艾滋病患者抗病毒治疗的一种有前途的方法。此外,可以在PMNL和血浆样品中直接检测到更昔洛韦耐药的常见突变。

  • 【病例报告:爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒相关的舌基未分化癌。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.anl.2006.05.009 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wakisaka N,Murono S,Minato H,Furukawa M,Yoshizaki T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Outside the nasopharynx, undifferentiated carcinomas occur only rarely at other head and neck locations. Although the association between undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is consistent, there is conflicting evidence as to the association of EBV with undifferentiated carcinomas outside the nasopharynx. Here, we report on a case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the tongue base. A 71-year-old male, who had been treated with irradiation for primary unknown right neck metastatic EBV-positive undifferentiated carcinoma 9 years previously, was referred to our clinic with masses at the tongue base and right neck. The lesion at the tongue base was revealed to be an EBV-positive undifferentiated carcinoma. He was treated with resection of tongue base tumor and bilateral-neck dissection, and the defect at the tongue base was reconstructed with a free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. Re-irradiation was added post-operatively because of a positive surgical margin at the tongue base. The patient is presently alive without recurrence or distant metastasis 20 months after treatment. Although it is unclear whether our case is recurrent or newly developed EBV-latently infected undifferentiated carcinoma, we propose that EBV-associated tumors should be carefully observed after treatment at least for more than 10 years.
    背景与目标: :在鼻咽以外,未分化癌仅在其他头颈部位置很少发生。尽管未分化的鼻咽癌和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)之间的关联是一致的,但关于EBV与鼻咽外未分化癌的关联有相互矛盾的证据。在这里,我们报道一例未分化舌基癌。一位71岁的男性在9年前接受过放射治疗,原发性右颈部转移性EBV阳性原发性未分化癌已经接受过放射治疗,现被转诊至我们的诊所,舌根和右颈部有肿块。舌根处的病变显示为EBV阳性未分化癌。对他进行了舌根肿瘤切除术和双侧颈淋巴结清扫术,并用游离的腹直肌肌皮瓣修复了舌根缺损。由于舌根的手术切缘阳性,因此在术后增加了再次照射。治疗后20个月,该患者目前尚无复发或远处转移。尽管尚不清楚我们的病例是复发的还是新发的EBV潜伏感染的未分化癌,但我们建议治疗至少10年后应仔细观察与EBV相关的肿瘤。
  • 【罕见的母体mRNA编码调控蛋白,这些蛋白控制着海胆胚胎中谱系特异性基因的表达。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1073/pnas.87.20.7953 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cutting AE,Höög C,Calzone FJ,Britten RJ,Davidson EH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The prevalence of mRNAs coding for the sea urchin embryo regulatory factors P3A1 and P3A2 was measured by single-strand probe excess solution hybridization. P3A1 and P3A2 are not homologous proteins, though they both bind specifically to a particular cis-regulatory sequence. Interaction at this target site is known to be required for lineage-specific expression of an aboral ectoderm-specific gene and probably for several other genes as well. Genome blot hybridizations show that both factors are encoded by single-copy genes. Maternal mRNAs for both factors are present at less than 10(3) molecules per egg, which places them in the rare mRNA class. During development to the mesenchyme blastula stage, the amount of P3A1 mRNA (per embryo) increases severalfold while that of P3A2 remains approximately constant. Specification of the aboral ectoderm founder cells and of their initial patterns of gene expression must occur during early to mid-cleavage stage. Therefore, the regulatory proteins needed for this process must be produced by this stage. We show that the quantities of the P3A proteins that can be synthesized from the numbers of mRNA molecules present in the large blastomeres of the early embryo are sufficient to be functional, because these proteins will be accumulated in the nuclei. Thus maternal P3A1 or P3A2 proteins asre not required, nor were these detected in earlier studies. Furthermore, differential spatial (as well as temporal) distribution of both of these newly synthesized factor species could result from the unequal cleavage pattern utilized in the sea urchin egg.
    背景与目标: :通过单链探针过量溶液杂交测量编码海胆胚胎调节因子P3A1和P3A2的mRNA的发生率。尽管P3A1和P3A2都与特定的顺式调控序列特异性结合,但它们不是同源蛋白。已知该靶标位点的相互作用是特定于宗族的外胚层特异性基因的谱系表达所必需的,并且可能还需要其他几个基因。基因组印迹杂交显示这两个因子均由单拷贝基因编码。每个鸡蛋的母体mRNA均少于10(3)个分子,这使它们处于罕见的mRNA类中。在发育到间充质囊阶段期间,P3A1 mRNA(每个胚胎)的数量增加了几倍,而P3A2的数量则保持大致恒定。胎盘外胚层基础细胞及其基因表达的初始模式的规范必须在卵裂早期至中期进行。因此,必须在该阶段生产该过程所需的调节蛋白。我们表明,可以从早期胚胎的大型卵裂球中存在的mRNA分子数量合成的P3A蛋白数量足以发挥功能,因为这些蛋白将积聚在细胞核中。因此,不需要母体P3A1或P3A2蛋白,也不需要在早期研究中检测到这些蛋白。此外,这两种新合成的因子物种在空间(以及时间)上的差异分布可能是由于海胆卵中使用的不均等卵裂模式造成的。
  • 【内窥镜经膀胱-经尿道瘘管修复阴道阴道瘘:初次病例报告。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1089/end.1997.11.203 复制DOI
    作者列表:Okamura K,Kanai S,Kurokawa T,Kondo A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Through an endoscopic transvesico-transurethral approach, we closed a vesicovaginal fistula that occurred after hysterectomy in a patient with uterine leiomyoma. The 3-mm fistula, located in the midportion of retrotrigone, was resected transurethrally and sutured in two layers through two 5-mm suprapubic trocars placed into the bladder and the urethral route under pneumobladder. The patient had no urine leakage from the vagina after surgery.
    背景与目标: :通过内窥镜经膀胱-经尿道入路,我们关闭了子宫平滑肌瘤患者子宫切除术后发生的膀胱阴道瘘。将3毫米的瘘管位于后三角骨的中部,经尿道切除,并通过两根5毫米的耻骨上耻骨套管针将其缝合在两层中,然后将其插入膀胱和在气囊下的尿道。病人术后没有尿液从阴道漏出。
  • 【[睑结膜形式的睑板腺癌。适当的案例]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cherif N,D'Hermies F,Barraco P,Elmaleh C,Renard G,Pouliquen Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A case of Meibomian carcinoma of the left eyelid was observed in a 53-year-old-female patient. SHe had been previously treated for chronic unilateral blepharoconjunctivitis; an excisional biopsy disclosed a Meibomian carcinoma. First a total resection of both left eyelids was performed with plastic reconstructive surgery, three months later a recurrence required an orbital exenteration. This case underlines the interest of an early diagnosis which allows a more conservative treatment. The diagnosis must be kept in mind in any case of chronic unilateral blepharoconjunctivitis; histopathology has a key role in the diagnosis of Meibomian carcinoma.
    背景与目标: :在一名53岁的女性患者中观察到左眼睑睑肌癌的病例。他曾接受过慢性单侧睑结膜炎的治疗;切除活检揭示了睑板癌。首先用整形外科手术对两个左眼皮进行全切,三个月后复发,需要眼眶切除。该病例强调了允许更保守治疗的早期诊断的兴趣。在任何情况下,慢性单侧睑结膜炎都必须牢记诊断;组织病理学在睑板癌的诊断中具有关键作用。
  • 【田纳西州东部怀孕少女的生殖道沙眼衣原体感染:一项为期7年的病例对照研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s1083-3188(97)70060-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chokephaibulkit K,Patamasucon P,List M,Moore B,Rodriguez H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: STUDY OBJECTIVE:To examine the prevalence, symptomatology, risk factors, and other infections associated with urogenital chlamydial infection in pregnant teenagers. DESIGN:Retrospective case-control study by medical record review. SETTING:Prenatal care clinic for adolescents at University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee. PARTICIPANTS:Pregnant adolescents younger than 19 years of age who were diagnosed with chlamydial infection on the first prenatal visit from 1988 to 1994 were studied. Pregnant adolescents of similar age and socioeconomic background who came in the same day for the first prenatal visit, but were not infected, made up the control group. INTERVENTION:Routine prenatal questionnaires regarding personal and medical histories, and routine prenatal screening, including pelvic examination with Papanicolaou (PAP) smear and laboratory investigations for common genital infections and sexual transmitted disease (STDs), were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Analyzed the prevalence of chlamydial infection and compared the infected group to the control group with regard to race, behavioral factors, symptoms, prenatal screening results, other concurrent genital infections, and histories of STDs. RESULTS:Of a total population of 596 pregnant teenagers, 67 (11.24%) were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. In multivariate analysis, black race (odds ratio [OR] = 4.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74-9.23; p = 0.001) and greater gestational age at first prenatal visit (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.04-1.18; p = 0.001) were independently associated with chlamydial infection. Age, marital status, number of pregnancies, smoking, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, age at first intercourse, and multiple sex partners were not associated with the infection. Likewise, the symptom of vaginal discharge (a complaint of > 70% in each group), other genital co-infections (found > 50% in each group, mainly candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis), abnormal PAP smears (found > 60% in each group) and histories of STDs or previous chlamydial infection were not significantly different between case and control groups. Human papillomavirus infection, trichomonal infection, and dysplasia or atypia were found more often in patients infected with chlamydia, but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:Pregnant adolescents in east Tennessee were at risk for chlamydial infection as well as for other genital infections and abnormal PAP smears. Routine prenatal chlamydial screening is warranted because of a lack of specific symptoms.
    背景与目标: 目的:研究孕妇青少年泌尿生殖道衣原体感染的患病率,症状,危险因素和其他感染情况。
    设计:回顾性病例对照研究,病历审查。
    地点:田纳西州诺克斯维尔市田纳西大学医学中心的青少年产前保健诊所。
    研究对象:1988年至1994年第一次产前检查时被诊断患有衣原体感染的19岁以下的青少年。年龄相同,社会经济背景相似的怀孕青少年在同一天进行第一次产前检查,但未感染,组成了对照组。
    干预措施:获得有关个人和医学史的常规产前问卷,以及常规的产前筛查,包括用帕潘尼古拉(PAP)涂片进行盆腔检查以及常见生殖器感染和性传播疾病(STD)的实验室检查。
    主要观察指标:分析衣原体感染的发生率,并比较种族,行为因素,症状,产前筛查结果,其他并发生殖器感染和性病史,比较感染者与对照组。
    结果:在596名怀孕的青少年总数中,有67名(11.24%)感染了沙眼衣原体。在多变量分析中,黑人种族(赔率[OR] = 4.01; 95%置信区间[CI] = 1.74-9.23; p = 0.001)和第一次产前检查时的胎龄较高(OR = 1.11; 95%CI = 1.04- 1.18; p = 0.001)与衣原体感染独立相关。年龄,婚姻状况,怀孕次数,吸烟,酗酒,药物滥用,初次性交年龄和多性伴侣均与感染无关。同样,白带的症状(每组投诉> 70%),其他生殖器合并感染(每组发现> 50%,主要是念珠菌病和细菌性阴道病),PAP涂片异常(每发现> 60%)病例组和对照组之间的性病史或以前的衣原体感染史无显着差异。感染衣原体的患者更常发现人乳头瘤病毒感染,滴虫感染和异型增生或异型性,但无统计学意义。
    结论:田纳西州东部的怀孕青少年有衣原体感染以及其他生殖器感染和PAP涂片异常的危险。由于缺乏特定症状,需要常规的产前衣原体筛查。
  • 【意大利北部某地区的综合废物管理:堆肥的生产和使用,以及堆肥,土壤和农作物的分析控制。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/03601230600857031 复制DOI
    作者列表:Guerini G,Maffeis P,Allievi L,Gigliotti C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Agricultural soils of two Italian maize farms were treated for five years with an industrially produced high-quality compost. Cattle manure and the usual mineral fertilizer were used for comparison purposes. The effects of the organic and mineral fertilizer treatments were studied by analyzing the compost and manure, cultured soils, and harvested material. The grain yield was also determined. Organic fertilization improved soil pH, CEC, content of organic matter and NPK. Soil respiration and N mineralization were found to be higher than in the purely mineral-treated soil. Plant K take-up was improved, whereas grain yield was not affected. It was confirmed that organic fertilization, particularly compost use, maintained and increased soil fertility. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using in loco analytical facilities to follow the entire recycling process-from waste to compost production-and the use of the final product in the field.
    背景与目标: :意大利的两个玉米农场的农业土壤用工业生产的高质量堆肥处理了五年。为了比较,使用了牛粪和通常的矿物肥料。通过分析堆肥和肥料,耕种的土壤和收获的物料,研究了有机肥料和矿物肥料的处理效果。还确定了谷物产量。有机肥改善了土壤的pH,CEC,有机质含量和NPK。发现土壤呼吸和氮矿化比纯矿物处理过的土壤要高。钾素吸收量得到改善,而谷物单产却没有受到影响。可以肯定的是,有机肥,特别是堆肥的使用,保持并增加了土壤肥力。该研究证明了在机车分析设施中使用该方法以跟踪整个回收过程的可行性(从废物到堆肥的生产)以及最终产品在野外的使用。
  • 【恶性室管膜瘤的颅外转移-病例报告。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2176/nmc.30.339 复制DOI
    作者列表:Itoh J,Usui K,Itoh M,Hashizume Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A case of malignant ependymoma with extracranial metastases is reported. A 59-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with vomiting and ataxia. Following computed tomographic (CT) scanning indicating a ring-like enhanced mass in the cerebellum, the tumor was subtotally removed in December, 1985. Histological diagnosis was malignant ependymoma. A second operation was performed in February, 1987, due to recurrence of the tumor in the fourth ventricle. Postoperative radiation therapy at a total dose of 7780 rads was given over 2 years. Eleven months after radiation therapy was completed, he reported cough and multiple skin metastases. Chest x-rays showed metastases at the right hilus. Repeated CT scans revealed separate frontal cerebral metastatic tumors. He died of respiratory insufficiency. Extracranial metastases of infratentorial ependymoma to the skin and lung are rare pathological entities.
    背景与目标: :一例恶性室间隔膜瘤伴颅外转移的报道。一名59岁的男性因呕吐和共济失调入院。在计算机断层扫描(CT)扫描显示小脑环状肿块后,于1985年12月将肿瘤小块切除。组织学诊断为恶性室间隔膜瘤。由于第四脑室肿瘤的复发,于1987年2月进行了第二次手术。术后2年进行了总剂量为7780 rads的术后放射治疗。放疗结束11个月后,他报告出现了咳嗽和多处皮肤转移。胸部X光片显示右肺门有转移。重复的CT扫描显示单独的额叶脑转移瘤。他死于呼吸功能不全。颅下膜上室间隔瘤向皮肤和肺的颅外转移是罕见的病理学实体。
  • 【在正常和脱水大鼠中,μ阿片受体是否参与了内皮素-1从垂体的释放控制?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0167-0115(97)02134-4 复制DOI
    作者列表:Płonowski A,Szymańska-Debińska T,Radzikowska M,Baranowska B,Woźniewicz B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: UNLABELLED:The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the endogenous opioids are involved in the control of endothelin-1 release from the pituitary gland. To test this hypothesis we have measured the peripheral plasma concentration of ET-1 as well as the content of immunoreactive ET-1 (irET-1) in the pituitary in response to opioid receptors blockade in euhydrated and 24 h water-deprived Wistar-Kyoto rats. Placebo or naltrexone (50 micrograms/kg body wt.) were given i.v. in both groups. Trunk blood was collected to determine hematocrit, plasma sodium and ET-1 levels (RIA). Immunostaining of ET-1 in the whole pituitary glands was performed by colloidal gold labeling. The quantitative analysis of irET-1 was carried out under a light microscope using a computerized image analyzer (MultiScan). RESULTS:(1) Twenty-four-hour dehydration resulted in marked increase of peripheral concentration of ET-1. Naltrexone injection induced a significant elevation of ET-1 plasma concentration in both, dehydrated and control animals. (2) The content of irET-1 in anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary in dehydrated rats was markedly higher than in control group. (3) Naltrexone injection caused a rapid and significant reduction irET-1 within the anterior, intermediate and posterior lobes in dehydrated and control animals. CONCLUSIONS:(1) An elevation of irET-1 in the pituitary gland and peripheral circulation in dehydrated animals may play a role in maintaining of water-electrolyte balance. (2) The mu-opioid system appears to control the ET-1 release from the pituitary in normal and dehydrated animals.
    背景与目标: 未标记:本研究的目的是调查内源性阿片类药物是否参与垂体中内皮素-1的释放。为了检验这一假设,我们测量了在无水和缺水24小时的Wistar-Kyoto中阿片受体阻滞后垂体中ET-1的外周血浆浓度以及免疫反应性ET-1(irET-1)的含量大鼠。静脉注射安慰剂或纳曲酮(50微克/千克体重)。在两组中。收集躯干血液以确定血细胞比容,血浆钠和ET-1水平(RIA)。 ET-1在整个垂体中的免疫染色是通过胶体金标记进行的。使用计算机图像分析仪(MultiScan)在光学显微镜下对irET-1进行定量分析。
    结果:(1)脱水24小时导致ET-1的外周血浓度明显升高。纳曲酮注射液在脱水和对照动物中均引起ET-1血浆浓度的显着升高。 (2)脱水大鼠垂体前叶和中间叶中irET-1的含量明显高于对照组。 (3)纳曲酮注射液导致脱水和对照动物的前叶,中叶和后叶内irET-1迅速大量降低。
    结论:(1)脱水动物垂体中irET-1的升高和外周循环可能在维持水电解质平衡中起着重要作用。 (2)在正常和脱水动物中,μ阿片样物质系统似乎可以控制ET-1从垂体的释放。
  • 【线粒体相关的己糖激酶在本氏烟草中对程序性细胞死亡的控制中发挥作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1105/tpc.106.041509 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kim M,Lim JH,Ahn CS,Park K,Kim GT,Kim WT,Pai HS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recent findings suggest a pivotal role for mitochondria-associated hexokinase in the regulation of apoptosis in animal cells. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of a hexokinase-encoding Hxk1 caused necrotic lesions on leaves, abnormal leaf morphology, and retarded plant growth in Nicotiana benthamiana. Hxk1 was associated with the mitochondria, and this association required the N-terminal membrane anchor. VIGS of Hxk1 reduced the cellular glucose-phosphorylating activity to approximately 31% of control levels without changing the fructose-phosphorylating activity and did not alter hexose phosphate content severely. The affected cells showed programmed cell death (PCD) morphological markers, including nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Similar to animal cell apoptosis, cytochrome c was released into the cytosol and caspase-9- and caspase-3-like proteolytic activities were strongly induced. Furthermore, based on flow cytometry, Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing Arabidopsis HXK1 and HXK2, both of which are predominantly associated with mitochondria, exhibited enhanced resistance to H(2)O(2)- and alpha-picolinic acid-induced PCD. Finally, the addition of recombinant Hxk1 to mitochondria-enriched fractions prevented H(2)O(2)/clotrimazole-induced cytochrome c release and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Together, these results show that hexokinase critically regulates the execution of PCD in plant cells, suggesting a link between glucose metabolism and apoptosis.
    背景与目标: :最近的发现表明线粒体相关的己糖激酶在调节动物细胞凋亡中起着关键作用。在这项研究中,编码己糖激酶的Hxk1的病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)导致了本特烟草的叶片坏死性病变,异常的叶片形态并延缓了植物的生长。 Hxk1与线粒体相关联,这种关联需要N端膜锚。 Hxk1的VIGS可以将细胞的葡萄糖磷酸化活性降低至对照水平的约31%,而不会改变果糖磷酸化活性,并且不会严重改变磷酸己糖的含量。受影响的细胞显示出程序性细胞死亡(PCD)形态标志物,包括核浓缩和DNA片段化。与动物细胞凋亡相似,细胞色素c被释放到细胞质中,并强烈诱导了caspase-9-和caspase-3-like蛋白水解活性。此外,基于流式细胞仪,拟南芥植物过表达的拟南芥HXK1和HXK2,这两个主要与线粒体相关联,表现出增强的抗H(2)O(2)-和α-吡啶甲酸诱导的PCD。最后,向线粒体富集的部分中添加重组Hxk1可以防止H(2)O(2)/克霉唑诱导的细胞色素c释放和线粒体膜电位的损失。总之,这些结果表明,己糖激酶严格调节植物细胞中PCD的执行,表明葡萄糖代谢与细胞凋亡之间存在联系。
  • 【血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和主动脉破裂:基于人群的病例对照研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69250-7 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hackam DG,Thiruchelvam D,Redelmeier DA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevent the expansion and rupture of aortic aneurysms in animals. We investigated the association between ACE inhibitors and rupture in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS:We did a population-based case-control study of linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. The sample included consecutive patients older than 65 (n=15,326) admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of ruptured or intact abdominal aortic aneurysm between April 1, 1992, and April 1, 2002. FINDINGS:Patients who received ACE inhibitors before admission were significantly less likely to present with ruptured aneurysm (odds ratio [OR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.90) than those who did not receive ACE inhibitors. Adjustment for demographic characteristics, risk factors for rupture, comorbidities, contraindications to ACE inhibitors, measures of health-care use, and aneurysm screening yielded similar results (0.83, 0.73-0.95). Consistent findings were noted in subgroups at high risk of rupture, including patients older than 75 years and those with a history of hypertension. Conversely, such protective associations were not observed for beta blockers (1.02, 0.89-1.17), calcium channel blockers (1.01, 0.89-1.14), alpha blockers (1.15, 0.86-1.54), angiotensin receptor blockers (1.24, 0.71-2.18), or thiazide diuretics (0.91, 0.78-1.07). INTERPRETATION:ACE inhibitors are associated with a reduced risk of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, unlike other antihypertensive agents. Randomised trials of ACE inhibitors for prevention of aortic rupture might be warranted.
    背景与目标: 背景:血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂可防止动物主动脉瘤的扩张和破裂。我们调查了腹主动脉瘤患者中ACE抑制剂与破裂之间的关系。
    方法:我们在加拿大安大略省的相关行政数据库中进行了基于人群的病例对照研究。该样本包括1992年4月1日至2002年4月1日之间入院的65岁以上的连续患者(n = 15,326),其主要诊断为腹主动脉瘤破裂或完整。
    结果:与未接受ACE抑制剂的患者相比,入院前接受ACE抑制剂的患者出现动脉瘤破裂的可能性显着降低(优势比[OR] 0.82,95%CI 0.74-0.90)。调整人口统计学特征,破裂危险因素,合并症,ACEI禁忌症,卫生保健措施和动脉瘤筛查得出相似的结果(0.83,0.73-0.95)。在高破裂风险的亚组中,包括在75岁以上的患者和有高血压病史的患者中,发现了一致的发现。相反,对于β受体阻滞剂(1.02,0.89-1.17),钙通道阻滞剂(1.01,0.89-1.14),α受体阻滞剂(1.15,0.86-1.54),血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(1.24,0.71-2.18)未观察到这种保护性关联。 ,或噻嗪类利尿剂(0.91、0.78-1.07)。
    解释:与其他降压药不同,ACE抑制剂与降低腹主动脉瘤破裂的风险有关。 ACE抑制剂预防主动脉破裂的随机试验可能是必要的。
  • 【雌二醇调节反应的遗传控制的证据。对正常和病理性激素依赖性表型变异的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Griffith JS,Jensen SM,Lunceford JK,Kahn MW,Zheng Y,Falase EA,Lyttle CR,Teuscher C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The ovarian steroid hormone estrogen (E2) elicits a multiplicity of both systemic and uterotropic responses in vivo. For example, the administration of E2 to ovariectomized (Ovx) and sexually immature rodents leads to uterine-specific inflammatory infiltrates. In this study, we quantitated the number of eosinophils and BM8+, Ia+, and CD4+ cells in uteri obtained from adult Ovx control and E2-treated C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and (C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ) (B6C3) F1 hybrid mice. All three strains exhibited a significant increase in the number of uterine eosinophils and BM8+ macrophages after E2 treatment. However, C57BL/6J and B6C3 F1 hybrid mice responded with a greater number of infiltrating eosinophils and macrophages as compared with C3H/HeJ. A similar analysis of Ia+ and CD4+ cells showed that E2 treatment either down-regulates or does not affect the number of such cells in all three strains. Genome exclusion mapping using a (C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ) x C3H/HeJ backcross population localized Est1, the major locus controlling the number of eosinophils infiltrating the uterus after E2 treatment, to chromosome 4. In addition, suggestive linkage to marker loci on chromosomes 10 and 16 was detected and evidence for locus interaction is presented. Our results conclusively demonstrate that E2-regulated/ dependent responses can be genetically controlled, indicating that the phenotypic variation observed in both the normal and pathological effects of E2 may, in part, be due to a genetic component.
    背景与目标: :卵巢类固醇激素雌激素(E2)在体内引起多种全身和子宫促反应。例如,将E2给予去卵巢(Ovx)和性不成熟的啮齿动物会导致子宫特异性炎症浸润。在这项研究中,我们量化了从成年Ovx对照和经E2处理的C57BL / 6J,C3H / HeJ和(C57BL / 6J x C3H / HeJ)(B6C3)获得的子宫中嗜酸性粒细胞和BM8,Ia和CD4细胞的数量F1杂种小鼠。在E2处理后,所有三个菌株均表现出子宫嗜酸性粒细胞和BM8巨噬细胞数量的显着增加。但是,与C3H / HeJ相比,C57BL / 6J和B6C3 F1杂种小鼠反应的浸润性嗜酸性粒细胞和巨噬细胞数量更多。对Ia和CD4细胞的类似分析显示,E2处理在所有三个菌株中均下调或不影响此类细胞的数量。使用(C57BL / 6J x C3H / HeJ)x C3H / HeJ回交群体定位的基因组排斥定位于Est1,Est1是控制E2处理后浸润子宫的嗜酸性粒细胞数量的主要基因座,并指向染色体4。检测到10号和16号染色体上的DNA,并提供了基因座相互作用的证据。我们的结果最终证明,E2调节/依赖性反应可以通过基因控制,这表明在E2的正常和病理效应中观察到的表型变异可能部分归因于遗传成分。
  • 【蛋白质结构与功能关系的生物信息学分析:白细胞弹性蛋白酶(ELA2)错义突变的案例研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/humu.20407 复制DOI
    作者列表:Thusberg J,Vihinen M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cyclic and congenital neutropenia are caused by mutations in the human neutrophil elastase (HNE) gene (ELA2), leading to an immunodeficiency characterized by decreased or oscillating levels of neutrophils in the blood. The HNE mutations presumably cause loss of enzyme activity, consequently leading to compromised immune system function. To understand the structural basis for the disease, we implemented methods from bioinformatics to analyze all the known HNE missense mutations at both the sequence and structural level. Our results demonstrate that the 32 different mutations have diverse effects on HNE structure and function, affecting structural disorder and aggregation tendencies, stability maintaining contacts, and electrostatic properties. A large proportion of the mutations are located at conserved amino acids, which are usually essential in determining protein structure and function. The majority of the disease-causing HNE missense mutations lead to major structural changes and loss of stability in the protein. A few mutations also affect functional residues, leading into decreased catalytic activity or altered ligand binding. Our analysis reveals the putative effects of all known missense mutations in HNE, thus allowing the structural basis of cyclic and congenital neutropenia to be elucidated. We have employed and analyzed a set of some 30 different methods for predicting the effects of amino acid substitutions. We present results and experience from the analysis of the applicability of these methods in the analysis of numerous genes, proteins, and diseases to reveal protein structure-function relationships and disease genotype-phenotype correlations.
    背景与目标: :循环性和先天性中性粒细胞减少症是由人中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(HNE)基因(ELA2)突变引起的,导致免疫缺陷,其特征是血液中中性粒细胞水平降低或振荡。 HNE突变可能导致酶活性下降,因此导致免疫系统功能受损。为了了解该疾病的结构基础,我们采用了生物信息学的方法来分析序列和结构水平上所有已知的HNE错义突变。我们的结果表明,这32种不同的突变对HNE的结构和功能有多种影响,影响结构异常和聚集趋势,保持接触的稳定性以及静电性质。很大一部分突变位于保守氨基酸上,这通常是决定蛋白质结构和功能所必需的。大多数引起疾病的HNE错义突变会导致主要的结构变化和蛋白质稳定性的损失。一些突变也影响功能残基,导致催化活性降低或配体结合改变。我们的分析揭示了HNE中所有已知错义突变的推定作用,从而阐明了周期性和先天性中性粒细胞减少症的结构基础。我们已经采用并分析了一组约30种不同的方法来预测氨基酸取代的影响。我们通过分析这些方法在分析众多基因,蛋白质和疾病中的适用性来提供结果和经验,以揭示蛋白质结构与功能的关系以及疾病的基因型与表型的相关性。
  • 【ColE1质粒复制的控制。 Rom蛋白与RNA I和RNA II形成的不稳定复合物的相互作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0022-2836(90)90231-a 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tomizawa J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A transcript (RNA I) from ColE1 inhibits initiation of replication of the plasmid DNA by binding to the precursor of the primer RNA (RNA II). The ability of RNA I to inhibit replication is altered by the presence of a plasmid-specified small protein, Rom. In vitro, RNA I binds to RNA II to form a very unstable complex, C*. Binding of a single molecule of Rom converts C* to a more stable complex, Cm*. Each of these complexes, C* or Cm*, transforms to a more stable complex, C** or Cm**, respectively. While formation of complex C* or Cm* is inferred from the inhibition of binding caused by a second RNA I species, that of complex C** or Cm** is detected by alteration of RNase sensitivity. Complex C* converts to complex Cm* very rapidly upon addition of Rom to the medium and complex Cm* converts to complex C* very rapidly by removal of Rom from the medium. On the other hand, complexes C** and Cm** do not rapidly interconvert, but can eventually transform to the same stable final product. Thus, Rom affects binding of RNA I to RNA II through conversion of a very unstable early intermediate to a more stable complex, creating a second pathway for their stable binding.
    背景与目标: :来自ColE1的转录本(RNA I)通过与引物RNA(RNA II)的前体结合,抑制质粒DNA复制的开始。质粒指定的小蛋白质Rom的存在改变了RNA I抑制复制的能力。在体外,RNA I与RNA II结合形成非常不稳定的复合物C *。 Rom单个分子的结合将C *转化为更稳定的复合物Cm *。这些复合物C *或Cm *分别转换为更稳定的复合物C **或Cm **。虽然可以通过抑制第二种RNA I物种的结合来推断复合物C *或Cm *的形成,但可以通过改变RNA酶的敏感性来检测复合物C **或Cm **的形成。在向培养基中添加Rom时,复合物C *非常迅速地转化为复合物Cm *,通过从培养基中去除Rom,复合物Cm *非常迅速地转化为复合物C *。另一方面,复合物C **和Cm **不会快速相互转换,但最终可以转换为相同的稳定最终产物。因此,Rom通过将非常不稳定的早期中间体转化为更稳定的复合物,从而影响RNA I与RNA II的结合,从而为它们的稳定结合创造了第二条途径。
  • 【保护患者和环境-医院感染控制的新方面和新挑战。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0195-6701(97)90086-4 复制DOI
    作者列表:Daschner FD,Dettenkofer M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Environmental pollution has become a major concern for the future of life on our planet; medical care, especially in hospitals, contributes significantly to this pollution. The increasing usage of highly-developed medical devices, drugs and disposable products are a drain on natural resources as well as financial ones. In this situation, it is a major task for hospital epidemiologists to maintain high standards of hygiene while reducing environmental pollution, reducing consumption of limited natural resources, and minimizing costs. The reduction of hospital waste, the control of polluting and toxic emissions, the avoidance of unnecessary disinfection procedures and disposables, the implementation of energy and water saving technologies are practicable measures in hospital ecology. To realize a sustainable development within hospitals, it is necessary that the need to maintain a balance between effective infection control and a good ecological environment is recognized and supported by health-care workers and the hospital management.

    背景与目标: 环境污染已成为我们星球上未来生活的主要关注点;医疗服务,尤其是医院的医疗服务,是造成这种污染的重要原因。高度发达的医疗设备,药物和一次性产品的使用日益增加,这既浪费了自然资源,也浪费了金融资源。在这种情况下,医院流行病学家的主要任务是保持较高的卫生标准,同时减少环境污染,减少有限自然资源的消耗并最大程度地降低成本。减少医院浪费,控制污染和有毒物质排放,避免不必要的消毒程序和一次性用品,实施节能节水技术是医院生态学中的切实可行的措施。为了实现医院内部的可持续发展,有必要在卫生保健工作者和医院管理人员的认可和支持下,在有效的感染控制和良好的生态环境之间保持平衡。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录