The 2003 Beagle 2 Mars lander has been identified in Isidis Planitia at 90.43° E, 11.53° N, close to the predicted target of 90.50° E, 11.53° N. Beagle 2 was an exobiology lander designed to look for isotopic and compositional signs of life on Mars, as part of the European Space Agency Mars Express (MEX) mission. The 2004 recalculation of the original landing ellipse from a 3-sigma major axis from 174 km to 57 km, and the acquisition of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery at 30 cm per pixel across the target region, led to the initial identification of the lander in 2014. Following this, more HiRISE images, giving a total of 15, including red and blue-green colours, were obtained over the area of interest and searched, which allowed sub-pixel imaging using super high-resolution techniques. The size (approx. 1.5 m), distinctive multilobed shape, high reflectivity relative to the local terrain, specular reflections, and location close to the centre of the planned landing ellipse led to the identification of the Beagle 2 lander. The shape of the imaged lander, although to some extent masked by the specular reflections in the various images, is consistent with deployment of the lander lid and then some or all solar panels. Failure to fully deploy the panels-which may have been caused by damage during landing-would have prohibited communication between the lander and MEX and commencement of science operations. This implies that the main part of the entry, descent and landing sequence, the ejection from MEX, atmospheric entry and parachute deployment, and landing worked as planned with perhaps only the final full panel deployment failing.

译文

2003 Beagle 2火星着陆器已在Isidis Planitia中被识别为90.43 °  E,11.53 °  N,接近90.50 °  E,11.53 °  N的预测目标。Beagle 2是一种外生物学着陆器,旨在寻找火星上的同位素和成分生命迹象,这是欧洲航天局火星快车 (MEX) 任务的一部分。2004从3西格玛长轴从174  km重新计算到57  km的原始着陆椭圆,以及在目标区域以每像素30  cm的速度获取火星侦察轨道器高分辨率成像科学实验 (HiRISE) 图像,导致着陆器2014年的初步识别。此后,在感兴趣的区域上获得了更多HiRISE图像,总共获得了15张,包括红色和蓝绿色,并进行了搜索,从而可以使用超高分辨率技术进行亚像素成像。尺寸 (约1.5  m),独特的多叶形状,相对于当地地形的高反射率,镜面反射以及靠近计划着陆椭圆中心的位置导致了Beagle 2着陆器的识别。成像的着陆器的形状虽然在某种程度上被各种图像中的镜面反射所掩盖,但与着陆器盖的部署以及部分或全部太阳能电池板的部署一致。如果无法完全部署面板 (可能是由于着陆过程中的损坏造成的),则将禁止着陆器与MEX之间的通信以及科学操作的开始。这意味着进入,下降和着陆序列的主要部分,从MEX的弹出,大气进入和降落伞的部署以及着陆按计划进行,可能只有最终的完整面板部署失败。

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