• 【无细胞翻译过程中的异寡聚去唾液酸糖蛋白受体复合物的组装。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4854 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sawyer JT,Doyle D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We have translated RNAs for the two rat asialoglycoprotein receptor polypeptides together in a cell-free system containing dog pancreatic microsomes and immunoprecipitated the products with antibodies that distinguish the two proteins. In this system the proteins oligomerize, as judged by their coprecipitation with either of the subunit-specific antisera. Oligomerization does not occur between subunits synthesized without microsomes or between subunits synthesized on separate microsomes mixed during detergent solubilization. Thus, oligomerization occurs within the microsomal membrane. We calculate that oligomerization proceeds with an efficiency of approximately 85%. The receptor complex appears to represent a specific oligomer because it excludes a third membrane glycoprotein synthesized in the same reaction. Oligomerization of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in vitro should provide a useful system to study the assembly of a membrane-protein complex.
    背景与目标: :我们已经在包含狗胰微粒体的无细胞系统中一起翻译了两种大鼠去唾液酸糖蛋白受体多肽的RNA,并使用区分这两种蛋白的抗体对产品进行了免疫沉淀。在该系统中,蛋白质通过与任何亚基特异性抗血清共沉淀来寡聚。在没有微粒体的情况下合成的亚基之间或在去污剂溶解过程中混合的单独微粒体上合成的亚基之间不会发生低聚。因此,低聚发生在微粒体膜内。我们计算出低聚进行的效率约为85%。受体复合物似乎代表特定的寡聚物,因为它排除了在同一反应中合成的第三膜糖蛋白。脱唾液酸糖蛋白受体的体外低聚应该提供一个有用的系统来研究膜-蛋白复合物的组装。
  • 【紫杉醇在患有晚期胃癌的血液透析患者中​​的药代动力学:一例报告。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i32.5237 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kawate S,Takeyoshi I,Morishita Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We report for the first time the possibility of weekly paclitaxel chemotherapy for a patient with advanced, nonresectable gastric cancer undergoing hemodialysis. A 50-year-old man with chronic renal failure due to bilateral polycystic kidneys, who had undergone hemodialysis three times a week for 5 years, presented with hematemesis in December 2004. Based on the diagnosis of gastric cancer with lymph node metastases, surgery was performed. On the 15th postoperative day, the patient was treated with chemotherapy using paclitaxel. Paclitaxel was administered at a dose of 60 mg/m2 as a 1 h iv infusion in 250 mL of saline. Hemodialysis was started 1 h after the completion of the paclitaxel infusion and was performed for 3 h. Paclitaxel was administered weekly on d 1, 8, and 15 on a 28-d cycle. The maximum plasma concentration of paclitaxel was 1390 microg/L. The area under the curve of paclitaxel was 4398.6 microg x h/L. Grade 2 leukopenia was encountered during the first cycle. The plasma concentrations of paclitaxel from 6 to over 24 h after the infusion were 0.01 to 0.1 micromol/L in our patient, and these concentrations have been shown to be effective on inhibiting the growth of gastric cancer cells without producing adverse side effects in the patient. The plasma concentration of paclitaxel was not influenced by hemodialysis. We conclude that the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel is not altered in a patient with renal failure, and that weekly paclitaxel is a suitable treatment regimen for hemodialysis patients with advanced gastric cancer.
    背景与目标: :我们首次报告了接受血液透析的晚期,不可切除胃癌患者每周紫杉醇化疗的可能性。一名因双侧多囊肾而导致慢性肾功能衰竭的50岁男子于5周内每周进行了3次血液透析,并于2004年12月发生了呕血。根据诊断为具有淋巴结转移的胃癌,我们进行了手术。执行。术后第15天,使用紫杉醇对患者进行化疗。紫杉醇以60 mg / m2的剂量在250 mL盐水中静脉滴注1 h。紫杉醇输注完成后1 h开始进行血液透析,并进行3 h。紫杉醇在第28天的第1、8和15天每周给药一次。紫杉醇的最大血浆浓度为1390 microg / L。紫杉醇曲线下的面积为4398.6微克×h / L。在第一个周期中遇到了2级白细胞减少症。输注后6至24小时内紫杉醇的血浆浓度在我们的患者中为0.01至0.1 micromol / L,并且这些浓度已被证明可有效抑制胃癌细胞的生长而不会对患者产生不良副作用。紫杉醇的血浆浓度不受血液透析的影响。我们得出的结论是,紫杉醇在肾衰竭患者中的​​药代动力学没有改变,并且每周紫杉醇是晚期胃癌血液透析患者的合适治疗方案。
  • 【重组人可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体融合蛋白作为同种异体造血干细胞移植后类固醇难治性移植物抗宿主病的治疗方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/ajh.20752 复制DOI
    作者列表:Busca A,Locatelli F,Marmont F,Ceretto C,Falda M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Etanercept is a recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) receptor fusion protein that inhibits TNF-alpha, a major mediator in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of etanercept therapy in 21 patients with steroid-refractory acute GVHD (aGVHD) (n = 13) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) (n = 8). Etanercept 25 mg was given subcutaneously twice weekly for 4 weeks followed by 25 mg weekly for 4 weeks. At the time of initiation of etanercept, 14 patients had skin, 13 had gastro-intestinal, 5 had liver, 5 had pulmonary, and 4 had oral involvement. Twelve patients (57%) completed 12 doses of therapy. Overall, 11 of 21 patients (52%) responded to the treatment with etanercept, including 6 patients (46%) with aGVHD [n = 4 complete response (CR), n = 2 partial response (PR)] and 5 patients (62%) with cGVHD (n = 1 CR, n = 4 PR). Clinical responses were most commonly seen in patients with refractory gut aGVHD with 55% of the patients having a CR and 9% having a PR. CMV reactivation occurred in 48% of patients, bacterial infections in 14% of patients, and fungal infections in 19% of patients. Fourteen patients (67%) were alive after a median follow-up of 429 days (range 71-1007 days) since initiation of etanercept. Seven patients died, 3 of infections, 2 of refractory aGVHD, and 2 of disease progression. In conclusion, our preliminary data indicate that etanercept is well tolerated and can induce a high response rate in patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD and cGVHD, particularly in the setting of GI involvement.
    背景与目标: :Etanercept是一种重组人类可溶性肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-alpha)受体融合蛋白,可抑制TNF-alpha(一种在移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发病机理中的主要介体)。本研究的目的是评估依那西普治疗21例激素抵抗性急性GVHD(aGVHD)(n = 13)和慢性GVHD(cGVHD)(n = 8)患者的安全性和有效性。每周两次皮下给予Etanercept 25 mg,持续4周,然后每周25 mg,持续4周。依那西普开始治疗时,有14例皮肤,13例胃肠,5例肝,5例肺,4例经口受累。 12名患者(57%)完成了12剂治疗。总体上,在21名患者中有11名患者(52%)对依那西普治疗有反应,包括6名患者(46%)患有aGVHD [n = 4完全缓解(CR),n = 2部分缓解(PR)]和5例(62 %)和cGVHD(n = 1 CR,n = 4 PR)。临床反应最常见于顽固性肠aGVHD患者,其中55%的患者为CR,9%的患者为PR。 CMV重新激活发生在48%的患者中,细菌感染发生在14%的患者中,而真菌感染发生在19%的患者中。自依那西普开始接受中位随访429天(71-1007天)后,有14名患者(67%)还活着。 7例患者死亡,3例感染,2例难治性aGVHD死亡,2例疾病进展。总之,我们的初步数据表明,依那西普耐受性好,在类固醇难治性aGVHD和cGVHD患者中可引起较高的应答率,尤其是在胃肠道受累的情况下。
  • 【接受放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者的口腔护理。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0964-1955(96)00053-x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Shieh SH,Wang ST,Tsai ST,Tseng CC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: A randomised trial was undertaken to compare the effect of three oral care protocols in delaying the onset of stomatitis and reducing oral injury in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, 30 eligible patients with a mean age of 56.2 years were recruited and evenly allocated to one of the three groups using a randomly permuted blocks method. Patients allocated to group E1 and group E2 were given the same instructions on oral care at 1 day, and 1 week before radiotherapy, respectively, while those allocated to the control group were given no instructions. We use the Oral Assessment Guide to assess the oral physical conditions of these patients daily. Our findings revealed that the patients in the E2 group not only had later onset of stomatitis than those in the control and the E1 groups, but also had lesser degree of oral injury measured by the overall assessment score. We thereby recommend the use of the E2 protocol for delaying the onset of stomatitis and reducing oral injury in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

    背景与目标: 进行一项随机试验以比较三种口腔护理方案在接受放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者中延迟口腔炎和减少口腔损伤的效果,招募了30名平均年龄为56.2岁的合格患者,并平均分配给其中一名患者。三组使用随机排列的块方法。分配给E1组和E2组的患者分别在放疗前1天和1周接受相同的口腔护理指导,而分配给对照组的患者则没有给予指导。我们使用《口腔评估指南》每天评估这些患者的口腔身体状况。我们的研究结果表明,E2组患者不仅比对照组和E1组患者发生口腔炎的时间要晚,而且通过总体评估得分来衡量其口腔损伤的程度也较小。因此,我们建议在接受放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者中使用E2方案延迟口腔炎的发作并减少口腔损伤。

  • 【T-T细胞相互作用是由粘附分子介导的。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/eji.1830201015 复制DOI
    作者列表:Brod SA,Purvee M,Benjamin D,Hafler DA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The mechanism by which T cells signal other T cells is not well defined. This was investigated by studying the ability of circulating T cells to induce the proliferation of autologous T cell clones. Peripheral blood T cells activated by cross-linking of the CD3/T cell receptor complex, which increased the expression of cell adhesion molecules LFA-1, LFA-3 and ICAM-1, induced the proliferation of autologous T cell clones. Irradiated antigen-activated peripheral blood T cells could also induce the proliferation of T cell clones which could not recognize that antigen. T-T cell activation required cell contact, was not major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted and was blocked by monoclonal antibodies directed against adhesion molecules CD2 and LFA-3 but was not blocked by antibody to class II MHC determinants. As CD2 is the natural ligand for LFA-3, increased expression of T cell surface adhesion molecules LFA-1, ICAM-1 and particularly LFA-3 during an inflammatory response may rapidly recruit T cells that are activated through the CD2 pathway. These results allow a simplified model to explain how relatively few antigen/MHC-specific T cells can recruit large numbers of non-antigen-specific T cells in the generation of an inflammatory response and postulates a novel role of the CD2 molecule in T cell immune function.
    背景与目标: :T细胞向其他T细胞发出信号的机制尚不明确。通过研究循环T细胞诱导自体T细胞克隆增殖的能力,对此进行了研究。通过CD3 / T细胞受体复合物交联而活化的外周血T细胞增加了细胞粘附分子LFA-1,LFA-3和ICAM-1的表达,诱导了自体T细胞克隆的增殖。辐射的抗原活化的外周血T细胞也可以诱导不能识别该抗原的T细胞克隆的增殖。 T-T细胞活化需要细胞接触,不受主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)的限制,并且被针对粘附分子CD2和LFA-3的单克隆抗体所阻断,但未被II类MHC决定簇的抗体所阻断。由于CD2是LFA-3的天然配体,因此在炎症反应期间T细胞表面粘附分子LFA-1,ICAM-1尤其是LFA-3的表达增加,可能会迅速募集通过CD2途径激活的T细胞。这些结果使简化的模型可以解释相对较少的抗原/ MHC特异性T细胞在炎症反应的产生中如何募集大量非抗原特异性T细胞,并推测CD2分子在T细胞免疫中的新作用功能。
  • 【幽门螺杆菌和胃癌:转移了全球负担。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3748/wjg.v12.i34.5458 复制DOI
    作者列表:Prinz C,Schwendy S,Voland P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Infection with H pylori leads to a persistent chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, thereby increasing the risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma. Numerous studies have determined a clear correlation between H pylori infection and the risk of gastric cancer; however, general eradication is not recommended as cancer prophylaxis and time points for treatment remain controversial in different areas of the world. Prevalence rates in Western countries are decreasing, especially in younger people (< 10%); and a decline in distal gastric adenocarcinoma has been observed. Risk groups in Western countries still show considerably higher risk of developing cancer, especially in patients infected with cagA+ strains and in persons harboring genetic polymorphism of the IL-1B promoter (-511T/T) and the corresponding IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN*2). Thus, general eradication of all infected persons in Western countries not recommended and is limited to risk groups in order to achieve a risk reduction. In contrast, infection rates and cancer prevalence are still high in East Asian countries. A prevention strategy to treat infected persons may avoid the development of gastric cancer to a large extent and with enormous clinical importance. However, studies in China and Japan indicate that prevention of gastric cancer is effective only in those patients that do not display severe histological changes such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Thus, prophylactic strategies to prevent gastric cancer in high risk populations such as China should therefore especially aim at individuals now at younger age when the histological alterations caused by the bacterial infection was still reversible. In countries with a low prevalence of gastric cancer, risk groups carrying cagA+ strains and IL-1 genetic polymorphisms should be identified and treated.
    背景与目标: 幽门螺杆菌感染导致胃粘膜持续性慢性炎症,从而增加了远端胃腺癌的风险。大量研究已确定幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌风险之间存在明显的相关性。但是,不建议普遍根除,因为在世界不同地区,癌症的预防和治疗时间仍然存在争议。西方国家的患病率正在下降,尤其是在年轻人中(<10%);并且已经观察到远端胃腺癌的下降。西方国家的风险人群仍然显示出罹患癌症的高得多的风险,尤其是在感染cagA株的患者以及具有IL-1B启动子(-511T / T)和相应的IL-1受体拮抗剂(IL- 1RN * 2)。因此,不建议在西方国家全面消灭所有感染者,并且仅限于风险人群,以实现降低风险的目的。相反,东亚国家的感染率和癌症患病率仍然很高。治疗感染者的预防策略可以在很大程度上避免胃癌的发展,并且具有巨大的临床意义。但是,在中国和日本的研究表明,胃癌的预防仅对那些没有表现出严重的组织学改变(例如萎缩和肠化生)的患者有效。因此,在中国这样的高风险人群中,预防胃癌的预防策略应特别针对年龄较小的人群,因为这些年龄段的细菌感染引起的组织学改变仍然是可逆的。在胃癌患病率较低的国家,应识别和治疗携带cagA毒株和IL-1遗传多态性的危险人群。
  • 【在复制错误阳性胃肠道癌症中,针对癌症相关基因中重复序列不稳定的明显保护。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1201094 复制DOI
    作者列表:Simms LA,Zou TT,Young J,Shi YQ,Lei J,Appel R,Rhyu MG,Sugimura H,Chenevix-Trench G,Souza RF,Meltzer SJ,Leggett BA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genomic instability at simple repeated sequences has been observed in various types of human cancers and is considered an important mechanism in tumorigenesis. Alterations at microsatellite loci have been reported scattered throughout the genome. Recently, the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TGF-beta RII) and the insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) genes were shown to have inactivating mutations within coding microsatellite sequences. The demonstration of mutations in two growth regulatory genes supports the idea that other regulatory genes with repeat sequences may also be targets in tumours with defective mismatch repair. We examined genes involved in tumour suppression, cell adhesion and cell cycle regulation for mutations at small repeat sequences in replication error positive gastrointestinal cancers. Several polymorphisms were found which exhibited instability, but no other instability was present in the regions examined.

    背景与目标: 在各种类型的人类癌症中已经观察到简单重复序列的基因组不稳定性,并且被认为是肿瘤发生的重要机制。据报道,微卫星基因座的改变分散在整个基因组中。最近,研究表明转化生长因子β受体II型(TGF-βRII)和胰岛素样生长因子II受体(IGF-IIR)基因在编码微卫星序列中具有失活突变。两个生长调节基因突变的证明支持了这样的想法,即具有重复序列的其他调节基因也可能是错配修复缺陷的肿瘤的靶标。我们检查了涉及复制抑制阳性胃肠道癌中小重复序列突变的肿瘤抑制,细胞粘附和细胞周期调控的基因。发现了几个表现出不稳定性的多态性,但在检查的区域中没有其他不稳定性。

  • 【在胃十二指肠溃疡住院的患者中,通过组织学检查发现食道癌的风险。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-04-01
    来源期刊:Gut
    DOI:10.1136/gut.2006.109082 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bahmanyar S,Zendehdel K,Nyrén O,Ye W
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The mechanism behind the epidemiologically evident inverse relation between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) remains obscure. Severe corpus gastritis is unlikely to be in the causal pathway. With the hypothesis of a uniformly low risk, the associations of OAC with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer were explored, both linked to H pylori infection but with different patterns of bacterial colonisation and intragastric acidity. Possible associations of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with these ulcer types were also addressed. DESIGN AND PATIENTS:Retrospective cohorts of 61,548 and 81,379 unoperated patients with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer, respectively, recorded in the Swedish Inpatient Register since 1965, were followed from the first hospitalisation until the date of any cancer, death, emigration, definitive surgery, or 31 December 2003. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), with 95% CIs, expressed relative risk of oesophageal cancer, compared with the Swedish population matched for age, sex and calendar period. RESULTS:Contrary to expectation, patients with duodenal ulcer had a significant 70% excess risk of OAC (SIR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5). Gastric ulcer was unrelated to OAC (SIR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.7). Although duodenal ulcer was non-significantly associated with a small excess of OSCC (SIR 1.3, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.8), gastric ulcer was linked to 80% increased risk (SIR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.3). CONCLUSION:The inverse association between H pylori and OAC does not pertain to all infections. The pattern of gastric colonisation and/or impact on acidity may be important. With the reservation for the possibility of confounding, this study also provides some support for the importance of intragastric environment in the aetiology of OSCC.
    背景与目标: 目的:幽门螺杆菌血清阳性与食管腺癌(OAC)风险之间的流行病学证据呈负相关。严重的胃炎胃炎不太可能在因果关系中。假设风险均一,探讨了OAC与十二指肠溃疡和胃溃疡的相关性,两者均与幽门螺杆菌感染有关,但细菌定植和胃内酸度不同。食管鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)与这些溃疡类型的可能关联也得到了解决。
    设计和患者:自1965年以来在瑞典住院患者登记表中记录的分别有61,548和81,379例未手术的十二指肠溃疡和胃溃疡患者的回顾性队列,从首次住院治疗直至癌症,死亡,移民,定型手术,或2003年12月31日。与年龄,性别和日历时期相匹配的瑞典人口相比,具有95%CI的标准发生率(SIR)表示食道癌的相对风险。
    结果:与预期相反,十二指肠溃疡患者发生OAC的风险显着增加70%(SIR 1.7,95%CI 1.1至2.5)。胃溃疡与OAC无关(SIR 1.1,95%CI 0.6至1.7)。尽管十二指肠溃疡与OSCC的少量过量无显着相关性(SIR 1.3,95%CI 0.96至1.8),但胃溃疡与80%的风险增加相关(SIR 1.8,95%CI 1.4至2.3)。
    结论:幽门螺杆菌与OAC之间的负相关并不适用于所有感染。胃定植的模式和/或对酸度的影响可能很重要。由于保留了混淆的可能性,本研究还为胃内环境在OSCC病因中的重要性提供了一些支持。
  • 【抗原特异性T细胞克隆在胶原疾病中的意义:用新型T细胞克隆性评估系统进行分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.36.242 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yamamoto K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The involvement of antigen-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of collagen diseases is still controversial. The final stages of collagen diseases are usually characterized by the dominance of inflammation. Therefore, antigen non-specific factors, such as inflammatory cytokines, probably play an important role in this process. On the other hand, the methods available to analyze the antigen-specific aspects of the immune response are still limited. Here we review our novel system of T cell clonality analysis based on the idea that activated antigen-specific T cells should form accumulating clones among the lymphocyte population. Using this method, dynamic changes of clonal accumulation of T cells could be evaluated during antigenic stimulation in vivo and in vitro. The significance of antigen-specific T cell clones in collagen diseases is discussed using data obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

    背景与目标: 抗原特异性T细胞是否参与胶原蛋白疾病的发病机制仍存在争议。胶原蛋白疾病的最后阶段通常以炎症占优势为特征。因此,抗原非特异性因子,例如炎性细胞因子,可能在此过程中起重要作用。另一方面,可用于分析免疫应答的抗原特异性方面的方法仍然有限。在这里,我们基于激活的抗原特异性T细胞应在淋巴细胞群体中形成累积克隆的想法,回顾了我们的T细胞克隆性分析的新系统。使用这种方法,可以在体内和体外抗原刺激过程中评估T细胞克隆积累的动态变化。利用类风湿性关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮患者获得的数据,讨论了抗原特异性T细胞克隆在胶原蛋白疾病中的重要性。

  • 【电离辐射以肺内不同的组织学模式介导细胞粘附分子的表达。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hallahan DE,Virudachalam S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammatory cell infiltration of the lung is a predominant histopathological change that occurs during radiation pneumonitis. Emigration of inflammatory cells from the circulation requires the interaction between cell adhesion molecules on the vascular endothelium and molecules on the surface of leukocytes. We studied the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of cell adhesion molecules in lungs from mice treated with thoracic irradiation. After X-irradiation, the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1; E-selectin) was primarily expressed in the pulmonary endothelium of larger vessels and minimally in the microvascular endothelium. Conversely, the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) was expressed in the pulmonary capillary endothelium and minimally in the endothelium of larger vessels. Radiation-mediated E-selectin expression was first observed at 6 h, whereas ICAM-1 expression initially increased at 24 h after irradiation. ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression persisted for several days. P-selectin is constitutively expressed in Weibel-Palade bodies in the endothelium, which moved to the vascular lumen within 30 min after irradiation. P-selectin was not detected in the pulmonary endothelium at 6 h after irradiation. The radiation dose required for increased cell adhesion molecule expression within the pulmonary vascular endothelium was 2 Gy, and expression increased in a dose-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression is increased in the pulmonary endothelium following thoracic irradiation. The pattern of expression of E-selectin, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 is distinct from one another.

    背景与目标: 肺炎性细胞浸润是放射性肺炎期间发生的主要组织病理学变化。炎性细胞从循环系统的迁移需要血管内皮细胞粘附分子与白细胞表面分子之间的相互作用。我们研究了用胸腔照射治疗的小鼠肺中细胞粘附分子表达的免疫组织化学模式。 X射线照射后,内皮白细胞粘附分子1(ELAM-1; E-选择素)主要在较大血管的肺内皮中表达,而在微血管内皮中则最低表达。相反,细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1; CD54)在肺毛细血管内皮中表达,而在较大血管的内皮中表达最少。辐射介导的E-选择素表达首先在6 h观察到,而ICAM-1表达最初在辐射后24 h增加。 ICAM-1和E-选择素表达持续数天。 P-选择蛋白在内皮的Weibel-Palade体中组成性表达,在照射后30分钟内移至血管腔。照射后6 h在肺内皮中未检测到P-选择素。肺血管内皮细胞中细胞粘附分子表达增加所需的辐射剂量为2 Gy,并且表达以剂量依赖性方式增加。这些数据表明,胸腔照射后,肺内皮中的ICAM-1和E-选择蛋白表达增加。 E-选择素,P-选择素和ICAM-1的表达模式彼此不同。

  • 【MHC I类区域对巨细胞动脉炎遗传易感性的贡献。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/kel324 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gonzalez-Gay MA,Rueda B,Vilchez JR,Lopez-Nevot MA,Robledo G,Ruiz MP,Fernández O,Garcia-Porrua C,Gonzalez-Escribano MF,Martín J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the potential contribution of HLA-class I MICA and HLA-B gene polymorphisms towards the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). METHODS:Ninety-eight biopsy-proven GCA patients and 225 ethnically matched controls from Lugo, Northwest Spain, were genotyped for the MICA-TM microsatellite polymorphism using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. Genotyping of HLA-B was performed using PCR and detection with a reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes system. RESULTS:A significant difference in the distribution of the alleles of MICA between patient and control groups (P = 0.005) was found. This was due to an increased frequency of the MICA A5 allele in GCA patients compared with controls (26 vs 13.6%; P = 0.0001; P(C) = 0.0005; OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.4). In addition, the HLA-B*15 allele showed a higher frequency in GCA patients compared with controls (P = 0.004; P(C) = 0.04; OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.7). Interestingly, the association observed with the MICA A5 allele seems to be independent of linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B, as well as independent of that previously described with HLA-DRB1*04. Remarkably, simultaneous presence of MICA A5 and HLA-B*15 or HLA-DRB1*04 genetic markers leads to an increase in the OR obtained for each individual genetic marker (MICA A5 + B*15 OR 3.2; MICA A5 + DRB1*04 OR 5.8). CONCLUSIONS:Our results provide the first evidence that the MICA and HLA-B genes are independently associated with the genetic susceptibility to GCA, and suggest that several genes within the MHC might have independent effects in the susceptibility to this systemic vasculitis.
    背景与目标: 目的:本研究旨在评估HLA I类MICA和HLA-B基因多态性对巨细胞性动脉炎(GCA)发病的潜在作用。
    方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,对来自西班牙西北部卢戈市的98例活检证实的GCA患者和225名种族匹配的对照进行了MICA-TM微卫星多态性的基因分型。使用PCR进行HLA-B的基因分型,并使用反向序列特异性寡核苷酸(SSO)探针系统进行检测。
    结果:在患者和对照组之间,MICA等位基因的分布存在显着差异(P = 0.005)。这是由于与对照相比,GCA患者中MICA A5等位基因的频率增加(26比13.6%; P = 0.0001; P(C)= 0.0005; OR 2.2,95%CI 1.4-3.4)。此外,与对照相比,GCA患者的HLA-B * 15等位基因频率更高(P = 0.004; P(C)= 0.04; OR 2.7,95%CI 1.3-5.7)。有趣的是,与MICA A5等位基因所观察到的关联似乎独立于与HLA-B的连锁不平衡,也独立于先前对HLA-DRB1 * 04的描述。值得注意的是,同时存在MICA A5和HLA-B * 15或HLA-DRB1 * 04遗传标记会导致每个单独的遗传标记获得的OR升高(MICA A5 B * 15或3.2; MICA A5 DRB1 * 04 OR 5.8 )。
    结论:我们的结果提供了第一个证据,表明MICA和HLA-B基因与对GCA的遗传易感性独立相关,并表明MHC中的几个基因可能对该系统性血管炎的易感性具有独立影响。
  • 【连续静脉和皮下注射吗啡治疗慢性癌症疼痛的前瞻性,在患者内交叉研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0885-3924(96)00329-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nelson KA,Glare PA,Walsh D,Groh ES
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The dose, efficacy, and side effects of continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) of morphine were compared with continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) of morphine in patients with chronic cancer pain. Eligible patients were referred to the Palliative Care Program and were receiving a stable dose of CIVI of morphine. The design was a within-patient, one-way crossover; in which each patient provided data before and after a switch from CIVI to CSCI of morphine. "Rescue" doses were 50% of the hourly dose given every 2 hours as needed. Morphine was infused intravenously (i.v.) and subcutaneously (s.c.) via a McGaw/AccuPro Volumetric Infusion Pump. After baseline data, including side effects and pain assessment, were obtained, patients were evaluated twice daily for toxicity and analgesic efficacy. Those who had a stable CIVI dose for 48 consecutive hr were crossed over to the CSCI at the same dose as the intravenous (i.v.) phase. A stable dose was defined as no dose change, four or less rescue doses in the previous 24 hr, and a pain rating of none or mild. CIVI was considered equal to CSCI if these criteria were maintained for 96 consecutive hr. Fifty-seven patients were entered, and 40 were evaluable (15 women and 25 men). The median age was 67 (range 30-83 years). All 40 participants, after maintaining a stable dose throughout the i.v. phase, crossed to the s.c. phase and remained on s.c. for at least 48 hr. Thirty-two patients maintained a stable dose throughout the i.v. and s.c. phases. The mean stable i.v. dose (day 2) was 5.05 mg/hr, and the mean stable s.c. dose (day 4) was 5.7 mg/hr (P = 0.01). The mean number of rescue doses on day 2 was 0.83 per 24 hr versus 0.80 per 24 hours on day 4 (P = 0.6). The mean categorical pain score on day 2 was 0.83, and on day 4, 0.85 (P = 0.7). The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) on day 2 was 22.9 mm versus 17.6 mm on day 4 (P = 0.1). The mean incidence of side effects on day 2 was 1.7, and on day 4, 2.0 (P = 0.2). No patient was withdrawn or had a dose reduction due to unacceptable toxicity. There were two reports of local toxicity (mild erythema) at the SC needle insertion point, which required a site change. All of our 40 patients had adequate pain control with CIVI and CSCI morphine. Of the eight participants who were not maintained on the same i.v. and s.c. dose, all had adequate pain control and a similar side-effect profile on a higher s.c. morphine dose. These data suggest that the i.v. and s.c. routes are equianalgesic for most patients when administered as a continuous infusion. Pain control and side-effect profiles are quite similar and acceptable. s.c. morphine is an excellent alternative to i.v. morphine in both inpatients and outpatients requiring parenteral morphine for pain.

    背景与目标: 比较了慢性癌症疼痛患者中吗啡连续静脉输注(CIVI)与吗啡连续皮下输注(CSCI)的剂量,疗效和副作用。符合条件的患者被转到姑息治疗计划,并接受稳定剂量的吗啡CIVI。该设计是患者内部的单向交叉。其中每个患者提供了从吗啡从CIVI切换到CSCI之前和之后的数据。 “救援”剂量是根据需要每2小时给予的每小时剂量的50%。吗啡通过McGaw / AccuPro容量输注泵静脉内(i.v.)和皮下(s.c.)输注。获得包括副作用和疼痛评估在内的基线数据后,每天对患者进行两次毒性和止痛效果评估。连续48个小时具有稳定CIVI剂量的患者以与静脉内(i.v.)阶段相同的剂量转入CSCI。稳定剂量定义为无剂量变化,在过去24小时内有四个或更少的急救剂量,疼痛等级为无或轻度。如果连续96个小时保持这些标准,则认为CIVI等于CSCI。入组患者57例,其中40例可评估(女性15例,男性25例)。中位年龄为67岁(范围为30-83岁)。在整个静脉内维持稳定剂量后,所有40位参与者阶段,跨到南卡罗来纳州相并保持在s.c.至少持续48小时。在整个静脉内,有32名患者维持了稳定的剂量。和s.c.阶段。平均稳定i.v.剂量(第2天)为5.05 mg / hr,平均稳定s.c.剂量(第4天)为5.7 mg / hr(P = 0.01)。第2天的平均急救剂量为每24小时0.83,而第4天为每24小时0.80(P = 0.6)。第2天的平均类别疼痛评分为0.83,第4天的平均疼痛评分为0.85(P = 0.7)。第2天的平均视觉模拟量表(VAS)为22.9毫米,而第4天为17.6毫米(P = 0.1)。第2天的副作用的平均发生率为1.7,而第4天的平均发生率为2.0(P = 0.2)。没有患者因不可接受的毒性而退出或剂量减少。有两份关于SC针插入点的局部毒性(轻度红斑)的报道,需要进行部位改变。我们所有的40名患者均通过CIVI和CSCI吗啡可以很好地控制疼痛。在没有保持相同i.v.的八位参与者中和s.c.剂量较高时,所有患者均具有足够的疼痛控制能力,并且在较高的s.c.下具有相似的副作用。吗啡剂量。这些数据表明和s.c.当以连续输注方式给药时,对于大多数患者而言,这两种途径均具有镇痛作用。疼痛控制和副作用状况非常相似且可以接受。南卡罗来纳州吗啡是静脉注射的绝佳替代品。需要胃肠外吗啡治疗的住院患者和门诊患者中的吗啡疼痛。

  • 【通过过继转移CD4抗肿瘤T细胞杀死原位大鼠腺癌13762需要细胞表面MHC II类分子的肿瘤表达。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1006/cimm.1997.1122 复制DOI
    作者列表:Frey AB,Cestari S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: CD4+ anti-tumor T cells reactive with rat adenocarcinoma 13762 kill tumor in vitro and cause regression of tumor in vivo. The role of various host immune cells in CD4+ T-cell-mediated tumor elimination in vivo was investigated by adoptive transfer of anti-tumor T cell clones to recipients that were selectively depleted of individual immune cell types. By these means, macrophages and NK cells were found to be required for tumor killing. Depletion of host CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, or neutrophils was without effect on tumor elimination by anti-tumor T cells. An essential role for antigen receptor-negative NK cells is likely dependent upon secretion of IFN-gamma from NK cells since treatment of tumor recipients with anti-IFN-gamma antibody prior to adoptive transfer and tumor challenge abrogated T cell killing, resulting in progressive tumor growth. Viability of adenocarcinoma 13762 or anti-tumor T cells was unaffected by treatment with either IFN-gamma or anti-IFN-gamma antibody in vitro, but cell surface MHC class II expression was induced in tumor cells by exposure to IFN-gamma. In addition, tumor cells were isolated from tumor-bearing animals by absorption using anti-MHC class II antibody, demonstrating that 13762 tumor expresses cell surface MHC class II antigens in situ. However, if hosts were depleted of NK cells before tumor challenge, MHC class II+ tumor was not recovered. Collectively these results suggest that adenocarcinoma 13762 is eliminated by MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells by direct tumor killing.

    背景与目标: 与大鼠腺癌13762反应的CD4抗肿瘤T细胞在体外杀死肿瘤并在体内引起肿瘤消退。通过将抗肿瘤T细胞克隆过继转移到选择性清除了个体免疫细胞类型的受体上,研究了各种宿主免疫细胞在体内CD4 T细胞介导的肿瘤消除中的作用。通过这些手段,发现杀死肿瘤需要巨噬细胞和NK细胞。宿主CD4 T细胞,CD8 T细胞或嗜中性白细胞的耗竭对抗肿瘤T细胞对肿瘤的消除没有影响。抗原受体阴性NK细胞的重要作用可能取决于NK细胞分泌IFN-γ,因为在过继转移和肿瘤攻击之前用抗IFN-γ抗体治疗肿瘤受体可以消除T细胞杀伤,从而导致进行性肿瘤生长。体外用IFN-γ或抗IFN-γ抗体治疗不会影响腺癌13762或抗肿瘤T细胞的存活率,但通过暴露于IFN-γ诱导了肿瘤细胞的细胞表面MHC II类表达。另外,通过使用抗MHC II类抗体的吸收从荷瘤动物中分离出肿瘤细胞,表明13762肿瘤原位表达细胞表面MHC II类抗原。但是,如果宿主在肿瘤攻击前已耗尽NK细胞,则无法恢复MHC II类肿瘤。这些结果共同表明,通过直接杀死肿瘤,MHC II类限制性CD4 T细胞可消除13762腺癌。

  • 【垂体激素调节胸腺细胞和胸腺上皮细胞之间的细胞间相互作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00031-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:de Mello-Coelho V,Villa-Verde DM,Dardenne M,Savino W
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The thymic microenvironment plays a key role in the intrathymic T-cell differentiation. It is composed of a tridimensional network of epithelial cells whose physiology is controlled by extrinsic circuits such as neuroendocrine axes. Herein we show that the expression of extracellular matrix ligands and receptor by cultured thymic epithelial cells is upregulated by prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), the latter apparently occurring via insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Thymocyte release from the lymphoepithelial complexes, thymic nurse cells, as well as the reconstitution of these complexes are enhanced by PRL, GH or IGF-I. Treatment of a mouse thymic epithelial cell line with these hormones induced an increase in thymocyte adhesion, an effect significantly prevented in the presence of antibodies to fibronectin, laminin or respective receptors VLA-5 and VLA-6. Our data suggest that the in vitro changes in thymocyte/thymic epithelial cell interactions induced by pituitary hormones are partially mediated by the enhancement of extracellular matrix ligands and receptors.

    背景与目标: 胸腺微环境在胸腺内T细胞分化中起关键作用。它由上皮细胞的三维网络组成,其上皮细胞的生理受到外在回路(如神经内分泌轴)的控制。本文中我们显示,培养的胸腺上皮细胞的细胞外基质配体和受体的表达被催乳素(PRL)和生长激素(GH)上调,后者显然是通过胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-1)发生的。 PRL,GH或IGF-I增强了从淋巴上皮复合物,胸腺护士细胞释放胸腺细胞以及这些复合物的重构。用这些激素处理小鼠胸腺上皮细胞系可诱导胸腺细胞粘附增加,在存在针对纤连蛋白,层粘连蛋白或相应受体VLA-5和VLA-6的抗体的情况下,该作用被显着阻止。我们的数据表明,垂体激素诱导的胸腺细胞/胸腺上皮细胞相互作用的体外变化部分由细胞外基质配体和受体的增强介导。

  • 15 Cancer dormancy: from mice to man. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【癌症休眠:从小鼠到人。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.4161/cc.5.16.2995 复制DOI
    作者列表:Marches R,Scheuermann R,Uhr J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this review, we focused on our studies of cancer dormancy in a murine B cell lymphoma and human breast cancer. Lifelong dormancy was induced in syngeneic mice by prior immunization to the idiotype of the tumor cell (TC) Ig before TC challenge. The mice maintained approximately 10(6) lymphoma cells in their spleen throughout their lifetime despite replication of the TCs at a reduced rate. Recurrences occurred randomly. Because of the balance between replication and cell death, we hypothesized that a similar balance might occur in long-term survivors of breast cancer when the risk of recurrences is very low. We developed a sensitive assay for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which none were found in normal age-matched women. One third of patients, 7-22 years after mastectomy and without any evidence of disease, had CTCs. The half-life of these CTCs could be deduced from other studies as probably 2-3 hours. Hence, there was a precise balance between replication of TCs (presumably from micrometastases) and cell death. Therefore, a major population of clinically cured breast cancer patients have a chronic disease controlled by their own physiological mechanisms. We speculate on underlying mechanisms based both on studies in experimental models and clinical trials.
    背景与目标: :在这篇综述中,我们集中于对小鼠B细胞淋巴瘤和人类乳腺癌的癌症休眠研究。通过在TC攻击之前先对肿瘤细胞(TC)Ig的独特型进行免疫,可以在同系小鼠中终生休眠。尽管TCs的复制率降低了,但小鼠的一生中仍在脾脏中维持着约10(6)个淋巴瘤细胞。复发随机发生。由于复制和细胞死亡之间的平衡,我们假设当复发风险非常低时,长期存活的乳腺癌患者可能会发生类似的平衡。我们开发了一种循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)的灵敏检测方法,在正常年龄的女性中均未发现。乳房切除术后7-22年且无任何疾病证据的三分之一患者患有CTC。这些CTC的半衰期可以从其他研究中推断出来,大概为2-3小时。因此,在TC的复制(可能来自微转移)和细胞死亡之间存在着精确的平衡。因此,大部分临床治愈的乳腺癌患者患有受其自身生理机制控制的慢性疾病。我们基于实验模型和临床试验研究潜在的机制。

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