• 【通过菠萝蛋白酶(菠萝植物(Ananas comosum L.)的提取物)对鼠类肿瘤生长和定植的调节。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Beuth J,Braun JM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The antitumor and antimetastatic activities of the plant cysteine endoproteinase bromelaine were evaluated in a murine model. Syngeneic sarcoma L-1 cells were incubated with bromelaine (after preceeding time and dosage kinetics) and subcutaneously; (s.c.) or intravenously; (i.v.) inoculated into BALB/c-mice (n = 5 per experimental group) to induce local tumor growth or lung colonization. Compared to non-protease incubated L-1 cells, local tumor growth and experimental lung metastasis decreased significantly (p < 0.05). After bromelaine incubation of the tumor cells. Sarcoma L-1 cells induced local tumor growth after s.c. inoculation and lung colonization after i.v. injection. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) or s.c. administration of bromelaine (optimal dosage and time schedule tested in preceeding kinetic studies) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced local tumor weight, however, lung colonization was non-significantly reduced. Bromelaine incubation of sarcoma L-1 cells significantly reduced their tumorigenic/metastatic capacities. Bromelaine treatment after tumor cell inoculation significantly reduced local tumor growth, experimental lung metastasis, however, to a lesser, non-significant degree.
    背景与目标: :在鼠模型中评估了植物半胱氨酸内蛋白酶菠萝蛋白酶的抗肿瘤和抗转移活性。将同种肉瘤L-1细胞与菠萝蛋白酶温育(在经过时间和剂量动力学之后)并皮下培养; (s.c.)或静脉注射; (i.v.)接种到BALB / c-小鼠中(每个实验组n = 5)以诱导局部肿瘤生长或肺部定植。与非蛋白酶培养的L-1细胞相比,局部肿瘤的生长和实验性肺转移显着降低(p <0.05)。菠萝蛋白酶孵育后的肿瘤细胞。 s.c.后肉瘤L-1细胞诱导局部肿瘤生长。静脉注射后接种和肺部定植注射。腹膜内(i.p.)或s.c.服用菠萝蛋白酶(在动力学研究之前测试了最佳剂量和时间表)显着(p <0.05)减轻了局部肿瘤的重量,但是肺部定植却没有明显减少。肉瘤L-1细胞的菠萝蛋白酶孵育显着降低了其致瘤/转移能力。接种肿瘤细胞后的菠萝蛋白酶治疗显着降低了局部肿瘤的生长,但实验肺转移的程度较小,无统计学意义。
  • 【沙枣(Calligonum comosum)和镰刀菌(Fusarium sp。)提取物作为银纳米颗粒形成过程中的生物介质:表征,抗氧化剂和抗菌能力。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s13205-017-1046-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mohammed AE,Bin Baz FF,Albrahim JS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Spleen cells from C3H/He or BALB.K mice immunized to the newly synthesized amino-reactive hapten 5-sulfo-1-naphthoxy acetic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (AED-NH2) were stimulated in vitro with AED-NH2-modified syngeneic cells. After 5 days of culture, effector cells were assayed for their cytotoxic activity against AED-NH2-modified target blast cells. C3H/He and BALB.K mice exhibited the respective high and low anti-AED-NH2 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. This contrasted with the observation that both of these H-2k strains generated potent CTL responses against aminoreactive haptens, e.g., trinitrophenyl (TNP). Because C3H.SW and BALB.B strains, which are the H-2b counterpart of the above two strains, also represented the respective high and low responders to AED-NH2 hapten, this hapten model enabled us to investigate cellular mechanisms underlying the above non-H-2-associated genetic regulation of CTL responses (C3H vs BALB non-H-2 backgrounds). The results demonstrated that there was no detectable difference between C3H/He and BALB.K strains in the lysability of target cells and the ability of stimulating cells to activate primed spleen cells. Anti-AED-NH2 CTL responses were only marginal when antigen-presenting cells (APC) were eliminated from the primed spleen cells of high responder C3H/He or (C3H/He X BALB.K)F1 mice. The addition of APC to cultures free of APC regained an appreciable CTL response in C3H/He or (C3H/He X BALB.K)F1 mice, irrespective of whether APC were derived from high (C3H/He) or low (BALB.K) responders. We have also demonstrated that allogeneic radiation bone marrow chimera (BALB.K----C3H/He) exhibited a CTL response comparable to that induced by C3H/He mice, whereas the reverse direction of allogeneic chimera (C3H/He----BALB.K) induced a marginal CTL response. These results indicate that this non-H-2-associated Ir gene defect is expressed on T cells (CTL precursors and/or helper T cells) rather than APC, and that this T cell defect is not predetermined at the level of bone marrow cells. The results are discussed in the light of the genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying non-H-2-linked Ir gene control.
    背景与目标: :用AED-NH2-修饰的同系物体外刺激从C3H / He小鼠或BALB.K小鼠脾细胞中免疫新合成的氨基反应性半抗原5-磺基-1-萘氧基乙酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(AED-NH2)细胞。培养5天后,测定效应细胞对AED-NH 2修饰的靶母细胞的细胞毒性活性。 C3H / He和BALB.K小鼠分别表现出高和低的抗AED-NH2细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)反应。这与观察结果相反,这两个H-2k菌株均产生针对氨基反应性半抗原(例如三硝基苯基(TNP))的有效CTL反应。因为与上述两个菌株的H-2b对应的C3H.SW和BALB.B菌株也分别代表了对AED-NH2半抗原的高响应和低响应,所以这种半抗原模型使我们能够研究上述非半抗原的细胞机制。 -H-2相关的CTL反应的遗传调控(C3H与BALB非H-2背景)。结果表明,C3H / He和BALB.K菌株之间在靶细胞的裂解能力和刺激细胞激活初免的脾细胞的能力方面没有可检测的差异。当从高反应性C3H / He或(C3H / He X BALB.K)F1小鼠的初次免疫脾细胞中去除抗原呈递细胞(APC)时,抗AED-NH2 CTL反应才是微不足道的。向无APC的培养物中添加APC可使C3H / He或(C3H / He X BALB.K)F1小鼠恢复明显的CTL应答,无论APC是来自高(C3H / He)还是低(BALB.K) )响应者。我们还证明了同种异体辐射骨髓嵌合体(BALB.K ---- C3H / He)表现出的CTL反应与C3H / He小鼠诱导的相当,而同种异体嵌合体的反向(C3H / He-- -BALB.K)诱导边缘CTL反应。这些结果表明,这种非H-2相关的Ir基因缺陷在T细胞(CTL前体和/或辅助性T细胞)上表达,而不是在APC上表达,并且该T细胞缺陷并未预先确定在骨髓细胞水平。根据非H-2-连接的Ir基因控制的遗传和细胞机制讨论了结果。
  • 【刺五加的甲醇,水和己烷提取物中的抗真菌活性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/2058738418821275 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ahmad S,Akram M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Calligonum polygonoides is locally called as Phog which belongs to the Polygonaceae family. It is traditionally used as an antifungal. The methanolic extract, hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and aqueous extract were screened against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in seven concentrations, that is, 1.8, 2.9, 6.5, 12.6, 25, 50 and 75 µg/mL/disc. Calligonum polygonoides showed significant activity against Candida albicans as the observed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 6.5 µg/mL for methanolic extract, 9.8 µg/mL for ethyl acetate extract, whereas aqueous and hexane extracts showed no activity. Calligonum polygonoides did not show any significant activity against Aspergillus niger.
    背景与目标: :Calligonum polygonoides在当地被称为Phog,属于Polygonaceae家族。传统上用作抗真菌剂。用七个浓度的白色念珠菌和黑曲霉筛选甲醇提取物,己烷提取物,乙酸乙酯提取物和水提取物,浓度分别为1.8、2.9、6.5、12.6、25、50和75 µg / mL / disc。由于对甲醇提取物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为6.5 µg / mL,对于乙酸乙酯提取物为9.8 µg / mL,Calligonum polyoides对白念珠菌具有显着活性,而对水和己烷提取物则无活性。 Calligonum polygonoides对黑曲霉没有显示任何明显的活性。
  • 【亚致死浓度的穆斯卡里球茎提取物抑制粘附并诱导无柄酵母细胞脱离。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/08927014.2012.734811 复制DOI
    作者列表:Villa F,Borgonovo G,Cappitelli F,Giussani B,Bassoli A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The formation of yeast biofilm on food industry equipment can lead to serious hygiene problems and economic losses due to food spoilage and equipment impairment. This study explored the ability of a sub-lethal concentration of the bulb extract of Muscari comosum to modulate adhesion of Candida albicans and subsequent biofilm development by this fungus. The HPLC profile of the ethanolic bulb extract showed phenolic constituents, which were found to undergo Folin-Ciocalteu reagent reduction. Prior to the adhesion tests, it was shown that up to 4000 mg l(-1) of natural extract did not adversely affect fungal growth nor did it act as a carbon energy source for C. albicans. Mathematical models predicted that 4000 mg l(-1) and 700 mg l(-1) of bulb extract would cause more than 98% reduction in fungal coverage on abiotic surfaces, without killing the planktonic cells. When added to C. albicans biofilm, the natural extract was shown to induce the dispersion of sessile cells in a dose-dependent manner.
    背景与目标: :由于食品变质和设备损坏,在食品工业设备上形成酵母生物膜会导致严重的卫生问题和经济损失。这项研究探索了亚致死浓度的穆斯卡里鳞茎鳞茎提取物调节这种念珠菌粘附力和随后的生物膜发育的能力。乙醇鳞茎提取物的HPLC图谱显示酚类成分,发现酚类成分经过Folin-Ciocalteu试剂还原。在附着力测试之前,研究表明,高达4000 mg l(-1)的天然提取物不会对真菌的生长产生不利影响,也不会充当白色念珠菌的碳能源。数学模型预测,球茎提取物4000 mg l(-1)和700 mg l(-1)会导致非生物表面真菌覆盖率降低98%以上,而不会杀死浮游生物。当添加到白色念珠菌生物膜中时,天然提取物显示出以剂量依赖的方式诱导无柄细胞的分散。
  • 【高渗胁迫诱导的小球藻叶细胞中的肌动蛋白丝重组。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/jxb/erf018 复制DOI
    作者列表:Komis G,Apostolakos P,Galatis B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Actin filament (AF) organization was studied during the plasmolytic cycle in leaf cells of Chlorophyton comosum Thunb. In most cells the hyperosmotic treatment induced convex or concave plasmolysis and intense reorganization of the AF cytoskeleton. Thin cortical AFs disappeared and numerous cortical, subcortical and endoplasmic AFs arranged in thick and well-organized bundles were formed. Plasmolysed cells displayed a significant increase in the overall AF content compared with the control cells. Cortical AF bundles were preferentially localized in the shrunken protoplast areas, lining the detached plasmalemma regions. The endoplasmic AF bundles were mainly found in the perinuclear cytoplasm and on the tonoplast surface. AFs also traversed some of the Hechtian strands. AF disorganization after cytochalasin B (CB) treatment induced dramatic changes in the pattern of plasmolysis, which lasted for a longer time and led to a greater decrease of the protoplast volume compared to the untreated cells. In many of the above cells the protoplasts assumed an 'amoeboid' form and were often subdivided into sub-protoplasts. Soon after the removal of the plasmolytic solution both CB-treated and untreated cells were deplasmolysed, while the AF cytoskeleton gradually reassumed the organization observed in the control cells. The findings of this study revealed for the first time in angiosperm cells that plasmolysis triggers an extensive reorganization of the AF cytoskeleton, which is involved in the regulation of protoplast shape and volume. The probable mechanism(s) leading to AF reorganization as well as the function(s) of the atypical AF arrays in plasmolysed cells are discussed.
    背景与目标: :肌动蛋白丝(AF)的组织在溶菌周期的通透性叶片中的细胞的溶胞过程中进行了研究。在大多数细胞中,高渗处理引起房颤细胞骨架的凸面或凹面溶质分解和强烈重组。薄的皮质房颤消失了,形成了厚而组织良好的束的许多皮质,皮质下和内质性房颤形成了。与对照细胞相比,溶浆细胞显示出总体AF含量显着增加。皮质AF束优先位于收缩的原生质体区域,衬在脱离的浆膜区域。内质性AF束主要存在于核周细胞质和液泡膜表面。空军还穿越了赫希特地区的一些地区。与未处理的细胞相比,细胞松弛素B(CB)处理后的AF紊乱引起了胞浆裂解模式的剧烈变化,持续了更长的时间,并导致原生质体体积的更大减少。在上述许多细胞中,原生质体呈“变形虫”形式,通常细分为亚原生质体。去除溶酶溶液后不久,经CB处理的细胞和未经处理的细胞均被解质,而AF细胞骨架逐渐恢复了在对照细胞中观察到的组织。这项研究的发现首次揭示了在被子植物细胞中,胞浆裂解触发了AF细胞骨架的广泛重组,这与原生质体形状和体积的调节有关。讨论了导致房颤重组的可能机制以及浆细胞裂解细胞中非典型房颤阵列的功能。
  • 【刺五加的类黄酮及其细胞毒性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/13880209.2016.1146778 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ahmed H,Moawad A,Owis A,AbouZid S,Ahmed O
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Context Calligonum polygonoides L. subsp. comosum L' Hér. (Polygonaceae), locally known as "arta", is a slow-growing small leafless desert shrub. Objective Isolation, structure elucidation and evaluation of cytotoxic activity of flavonoids from C. polygonoides aerial parts. Materials and methods Flavonoids in the hydroalcoholic extract of the of C. polygonoides were isolated and purified using column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated flavonoids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data including 2D NMR techniques. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated flavonoids (6.25, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL) was evaluated against liver HepG2 and breast MCF-7 cancer cell lines using sulphorhodamine-B assay. Results A new flavonoid, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6″-n-butyl glucuronide) (1), and 13 known flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6″-n-butyl glucuronide) (2), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6″-methyl glucuronide) (3), quercetin-3-O-β-D-(6″-methyl glucuronide) (4), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (5), kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (6), quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (7), astragalin (8), quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (9), taxifolin (10), (+)-catechin (11), dehydrodicatechin A (12), quercetin (13), and kaempferol (14), were isolated from the aerial parts of C. polygonoides. Quercetin showed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 4.88 and 0.87 μg/mL, respectively. Structure-activity relationships were analyzed by comparing IC50 values of several pairs of flavonoids differing in one structural element. Discussion and conclusion The activity against breast cancer cell lines decreased by glycosylation at C-3. The presence of 2,3-double bond in ring C, carbonyl group at C-4 and 3',4'-dihydroxy substituents in ring B are essential structural requirements for the cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells.
    背景与目标: :Context Calligonum polygonoides L. subsp。 L'Hér。 (Polygonaceae),当地人称为“ arta”,是一种生长缓慢的无叶小沙漠灌木。目的分离多角隐孢子虫空中部位的黄酮类化合物,对其结构进行阐明,并评价其细胞毒活性。材料和方法使用柱色谱和制备型HPLC分离和纯化多角隐孢子虫的水醇提取物中的类黄酮。根据包括2D NMR技术在内的光谱数据阐明了分离出的类黄酮的结构。使用磺基罗丹明-B分析评估了分离出的类黄酮(6.25、25、50和100μg/ mL)对肝HepG2和乳腺癌MCF-7癌细胞系的细胞毒活性。结果一个新的类黄酮,kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6″-正丁基葡糖醛酸苷)(1)和13种已知的类黄酮,槲皮素3-O-β-D-(6″-正丁基葡糖醛酸苷)(2),山emp酚-3-O-β-D-(6″-甲基葡糖醛酸)(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-(6″-甲基葡糖醛酸)(4),槲皮素-3 -O-葡糖醛酸苷(5),山奈酚3-O-葡糖醛酸苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-α-鼠李糖苷(7),黄芪素(8),槲皮素-3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),滑石粉( 10),(-)-儿茶素(11),脱氢二儿茶素A(12),槲皮素(13)和山emp酚(14)从多角形藻的地上部分中分离出来。槲皮素对HepG2和MCF-7细胞具有明显的细胞毒活性,IC50值分别为4.88和0.87μg/ mL。通过比较几对在一个结构元素上不同的类黄酮的IC50值,分析了结构活性关系。讨论和结论C-3处的糖基化作用降低了对乳腺癌细胞株的活性。 C环中2,3-双键,C-4处的羰基和B环中的3',4'-二羟基取代基的存在是针对乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒性活性的必要结构要求。
  • 【穆斯卡里磨(Muscari comosum(L.)Mill)的螯合,抗氧化剂和降血糖潜力。鳞茎提取物。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/09637486.2010.482521 复制DOI
    作者列表:Loizzo MR,Tundis R,Menichini F,Pugliese A,Bonesi M,Solimene U,Menichini F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Lidocaine toxicity is a potential complication related to using tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) as the exclusive form of pain management in surgical procedures. OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine the minimum concentration of lidocaine in the tumescent solution required to provide adequate anesthesia in patients undergoing liposuction using TLA exclusively. METHODS:Liposuction using TLA exclusively was performed in 3430 procedures by the same surgeon. The initial concentration of 1000 mg/L lidocaine in the tumescent solution was gradually reduced to find the minimum required for adequate anesthesia. RESULTS:Adequate anesthesia was achieved using a lidocaine concentration of 500 mg/L saline in all areas treated and 400 mg/L saline for most of the areas treated. LIMITATIONS:Data are based on the specific TLA technique used by the same surgeon. Lidocaine serum levels were not analyzed. CONCLUSION:For patients undergoing liposuction using TLA exclusively, the concentration of lidocaine in the normal saline solution required for adequate anesthesia is 400 mg/L for most body areas and 500 mg/L for some sensitive areas.
    背景与目标: 背景:利多卡因毒性是潜在的并发症,与使用肿胀局麻(TLA)作为外科手术中疼痛控制的唯一形式有关。
    目的:我们试图确定肿胀溶液中利多卡因的最低浓度,以使仅使用TLA进行抽脂的患者能够充分麻醉。
    方法:同一位外科医生在3430例手术中仅使用TLA进行抽脂。逐渐降低肿胀溶液中利多卡因的初始浓度1000 mg / L,以找到足够麻醉所需的最低浓度。
    结果:利多卡因在所治疗的所有区域使用浓度为500 mg / L的利多卡因,对于大多数所治疗的区域使用400 mg / L盐水,可以实现充分的麻醉。
    限制:数据基于同一位外科医生使用的特定TLA技术。没有分析利多卡因的血清水平。
    结论:对于仅使用TLA进行抽脂的患者,充分麻醉所需的生理盐水中的利多卡因浓度在大多数身体区域为400 mg / L,在某些敏感区域为500 mg / L。
  • 【绿藻地下部分的类固醇皂苷及其对肿瘤启动子诱导的HeLa细胞磷脂代谢的抑制作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00789-x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mimaki Y,Kanmoto T,Sashida Y,Nishino A,Satomi Y,Nishino H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Three new spirostanol pentaglycosides embracing beta-D-apiofuranose were isolated from the fresh underground parts of Chlorophytum comosum together with four known saponins. The structures of new compounds were determined by spectroscopic data, including two-dimensional NMR, and partial acid-catalysed hydrolysis to be (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-2 alpha,3 beta-diol 3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2)-O-[O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->3)]-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside], (25R)-3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-spirostan-12-one (hecogenin) 3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1- ->4)- beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D- galactopyranoside] and hecogenin 3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[O-beta-D- apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-O-beta-D-gluc opyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside], respectively. The isolated saponins were examined for inhibitory activity using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbor-13-acetate-stimulated 32P-incorporation into phospholipids of HeLa cells as the primary screening test to identify new antitumour-promoter compounds.
    背景与目标: :从新鲜的绿藻地下部分中分离了三种含有β-D-apiofuranose的新螺甾烷醇五糖苷和四种已知的皂苷。通过光谱数据(包括二维NMR)和部分酸催化的水解,确定新化合物的结构为(25R)-5α-spirostane-2α,3β-二醇3-O- [O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-> 2)-O- [O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-> 4)-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-> 3)]-O- beta- D-吡喃吡喃糖基-((1-> 4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷],(25R)-3β-羟基-5α-spirostan-12-one(hecogenin)3-O- [O-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-> 2)-O- [O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1--> 4)-beta-D-吡喃吡喃糖基-(1-> 3)]-O-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-> 4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷]和hecogenin 3-O- [O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-> 2)-O- [O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- (1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡糖吡喃糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷]。作为主要的筛选试验,使用12-O-十四烷酰phorbor-13-乙酸盐刺激的32P掺入HeLa细胞磷脂中来检查分离的皂苷的抑制活性,以鉴定新的抗肿瘤促进剂化合物。
  • 【根瘤菌(Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae)gen。十一月,sp。 nov。,是从蒙古沙枣(Calligonum mongolicum)的根际土壤中分离出的Micromonosporaceae的新成员。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1099/ijsem.0.003114 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sun Y,Jiang ZM,Zhao LL,Su J,Yu LY,Tian YQ,Zhang YQ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The anaerobic pathogen Clostridium difficile is of growing significance for the health care system due to its increasing incidence and mortality. As C. difficile infection is both supported and treated by antibiotics, a deeper knowledge on how antimicrobial agents affect the physiology of this important pathogen may help to understand and prevent the development and spreading of antibiotic resistant strains. As the proteomic response of a cell to stress aims at counteracting the harmful effects of this stress, it can be expected that the pattern of a pathogen's responses to antibiotic treatment will be dependent on the antibiotic mechanism of action. Hence, every antibiotic treatment is expected to result in a specific proteomic signature characterizing its mode of action. In the study presented here, the proteomic response of C. difficile 630∆erm to vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin stress was investigated on the level of protein abundance and protein synthesis based on 2D PAGE. The quantification of 425 proteins of C. difficile allowed the deduction of proteomic signatures specific for each drug treatment. Indeed, these proteomic signatures indicate very specific cellular responses to each antibiotic with only little overlap of the responses. Whereas signature proteins for vancomycin stress fulfil various cellular functions, the proteomic signature of metronidazole stress is characterized by alterations of proteins involved in protein biosynthesis and protein degradation as well as in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. In contrast, proteins differentially expressed after fidaxomicin treatment can be assigned to amino acid biosynthesis, transcription, cell motility, and the cell envelope functions. Notably, the data provided by this study hint also at so far unknown antibiotic detoxification mechanisms.
    背景与目标: 厌氧性病原体艰难梭菌由于其发病率和死亡率不断上升,对医疗保健系统具有日益重要的意义。由于难辨梭状芽胞杆菌感染既受抗生素支持也受其治疗,因此有关抗菌药物如何影响这种重要病原体生理的更深入的知识可能有助于理解和预防抗生素抗性菌株的产生和传播。由于细胞对应激的蛋白质组反应旨在抵消这种应激的有害影响,因此可以预期,病原体对抗生素治疗的反应方式将取决于抗生素的作用机理。因此,预期每种抗生素治疗均会产生表征其作用方式的特定蛋白质组学特征。在此处提出的研究中,基于2D PAGE,研究了艰难梭菌630∆erm对万古霉素,甲硝唑和非达索霉素胁迫的蛋白质组学反应。艰难梭菌425种蛋白质的定量分析可以推断出每种药物治疗特异的蛋白质组学特征。确实,这些蛋白质组学特征表明对每种抗生素的细胞反应非常特异性,而反应却几乎没有重叠。万古霉素应激的特征蛋白具有多种细胞功能,而甲硝唑应激的蛋白质组学特征在于蛋白质生物合成和蛋白质降解以及DNA复制,重组和修复中涉及的蛋白质改变。相反,在非达索霉素处理后差异表达的蛋白质可被分配给氨基酸生物合成,转录,细胞运动性和细胞包膜功能。值得注意的是,这项研究提供的数据也暗示了迄今为止未知的抗生素排毒机制。
  • 【从微繁殖的濒危药用植物Calligonum polygonoides L.(Polygonoaceae)中提取酚类。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.4103/0973-1296.191458 复制DOI
    作者列表:Owis AI,Abdelwahab NS,Abul-Soad AA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Calligonum polygonoides L. subsp. comosum (L'Hér.) Sosk. is a plant species belonging to family Polygonaceae. Susceptibility to threaten, presence of various chemical constituents, and many medicinal effects reported for this plant in addition to rareness of in vitro culture studies have fuelled the need for its micropropagation and phytochemical investigations of the produced cultures. OBJECTIVES:To employ in vitro culture technique for ex situ conservation of C. polygonoides, using the fruit as an explant; establish callus and cell suspension cultures from in vitro germinated plantlets; investigate the production of phenolics through callus, redifferentiated shoot, and cell suspension cultures; attempt to enhance cell capacity to accumulate phenolics using salicylic acid and yeast extract and provide a brief demonstration of biosynthetic pathway leading to phenolic production. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Modified Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with growth hormones such as kinetin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and indole-3-acetic acid were used to establish callus, redifferentiated shoots, and cell suspension cultures. Elicitation of cell suspension culture was performed using salicylic acid and yeast extracts. A reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of phenolic content in the aforementioned cultures was developed. RESULTS:The unorganized callus and cell suspension cultures contained fewer amounts of phenolic compounds than redifferentiated shoots. Elicitation produced massive quantitative reprogramming of phenolic content. CONCLUSION:The present study offers an alternative and renewable source for this valuable natural plant, provide a chance to improve secondary metabolite yield and serve as a useful tool for studying the biosynthesis of these compounds and its regulation in plant cells. SUMMARY:In vitro culture techniques provided a strategy for ex situ conservation of the endangered C. polygonoides.Unorganized callus and cell suspension cultures accumulated less phenolic content than re-differentiated shoots.Elicitation produced massive quantitative reprogramming of phenolic content.Phenolic biosynthesis was discussed briefly. Abbreviation used: H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, Kin: Kinetin, NAA: Naphthaleneacetic acid, BAP: 6-benzylaminopurine, IAA: Indole-3-acetic acid, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography.
    背景与目标: 背景:刺五加亚种L.subsp。 comosum(L'Hér。)索斯克。是属于Poly科的一种植物。除了罕见的体外培养研究外,该植物还受到威胁的威胁,各种化学成分的存在以及据报道对该植物具有许多医学作用,这促使人们对其生产的培养物进行微繁殖和植物化学研究。
    目的:采用体外培养技术,以果实为外植体,对多角隐孢子虫进行非原位保存。从体外发芽的苗中建立愈伤组织和细胞悬浮培养物;调查通过愈伤组织,再分化的芽和细胞悬浮培养物生产酚醛物质的方法;尝试使用水杨酸和酵母提取物增强细胞积累酚类物质的能力,并简要证明了导致酚类物质生产的生物合成途径。
    材料与方法:改良的Murashige和Skoog培养基中添加了生长激素,例如激动素,1-萘乙酸,6-苄基氨基嘌呤和吲哚-3-乙酸,用于建立愈伤组织,再分化芽和细胞悬浮培养物。使用水杨酸和酵母提取物进行细胞悬浮培养的诱导。开发了一种用于测定上述培养物中酚含量的反相高效液相色谱法。
    结果:无组织的愈伤组织和细胞悬浮培养物中所含的酚类化合物含量少于再分化的芽。引发产生大量的酚含量定量重编程。
    结论:本研究为这种有价值的天然植物提供了可替代的可再生资源,为提高次生代谢产物的产量提供了机会,并为研究这些化合物的生物合成及其在植物细胞中的调控提供了有用的工具。
    摘要:体外培养技术提供了一种濒危濒危梭状芽胞杆菌的非原生境保存策略。无组织的愈伤组织和细胞悬浮培养物积累的酚含量比再分化的芽少。诱导产生了大量的酚含量定量重编程。 。使用的缩写:H2O2:过氧化氢,Kin:Kinetin,NAA:萘乙酸,BAP:6-苄基氨基嘌呤,IAA:吲哚-3-乙酸,HPLC:高效液相色谱。
  • 【圆角Calligonum comosum在大鼠中的抗炎和抗溃疡活性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0367-326x(01)00271-4 复制DOI
    作者列表:Liu XM,Zakaria MN,Islam MW,Radhakrishnan R,Ismail A,Chen HB,Chan K,Al-Attas A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The 10% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Calligonum comosum (50--400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the increase in hind paw oedema induced by carrageenan in rats. Following sub-acute oral administration of the extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, daily for 14 days), a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton pellet model was observed. Pre-treatment with the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) produced a significant and dose-dependent inhibition to the acute gastric ulcers induced by phenylbutazone, indomethacin, 0.2 N NaOH and 80% ethanol.
    背景与目标: :硬皮Calligonum comosum地上部分的10%乙醇提取物(50--400 mg / kg,i.p.)显着降低了卡拉胶对大鼠后爪水肿的增加作用。对提取物进行亚急性口服给药(每天50和100 mg / kg,持续14天)后,在棉丸模型中观察到了显着的抗炎活性。提取物(100、200和400 mg / kg)的预处理对苯丁and,吲哚美辛,0.2 N NaOH和80%乙醇诱导的急性胃溃疡产生了显着且剂量依赖性的抑制作用。
  • 【基于形态学和分子数据的塔里木盆地五种Calligonum种类的比较。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Abdurahman M,Sabirhazi G,Liu B,Yin L,Pan B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Five Calligonum species endemic to the Tarim Basin - C. roborowskii, C. kuerlese, C. juoqiangense,C. yengisaricum, and C. taklimakanense - were compared using 14 morphological characteristics and nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F molecular data. Intraspecific and interspecific morphological variation was uncovered, with variation between species significant for most characteristics. Based on Euclidean distances, C. roborowskii and C. kuerlese were the most similar, and C. yengisaricum and C. kuerlese were the most divergent. There was very little variation in the molecular sequence data: although several variable sites were present in ITS and trnL-F regions, none of them were parsimony informative. Results of morphological and molecular analyses suggest that the various morphological characteristics of the studied Calligonum species are strongly shaped by environmental factors, with the observed intraspecific and interspecific morphological variation a product of the spatial isolation and extreme drought of the Tarim Basin.
    背景与目标: 塔里木盆地特有的5种Calligonum物种-C. roborowskii,C. kuerlese,C. juoqiangense,C。使用14种形态学特征以及nrDNA ITS和cpDNA trnL-F分子数据比较了紫gi和C. taklimakanense。没有发现种内和种间的形态学变异,对于大多数特征而言,物种之间的变异是显着的。基于欧几里得距离,罗伯氏衣原体和库尔勒氏菌最相似,而圆角衣原体和库勒氏菌最接近。分子序列数据几乎没有变化:尽管在ITS和trnL-F区存在几个可变位点,但它们均不能提供简约信息。形态和分子分析结果表明,所研究Calligonum种类的各种形态特征受环境因素强烈影响,观察到的种内和种间形态变异是塔里木盆地空间隔离和极端干旱的产物。
  • 【氮素胁迫下可溶性蛋白参与干旱胁迫下蒙古沙枣幼苗的生长和代谢调节。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/plb.13190 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zhang Z,Tariq A,Zeng F,Chai X,Graciano C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The planting of seedlings is the most effective measure for vegetation restoration. However, this practice is challenging in desert ecosystems where water and nutrients are scarce. Calligonum mongolicum is a sand-fixing pioneer shrub species, and its adaptive strategy for nitrogen (N) deposition and drought is poorly understood. Thus, in a pot experiment, we studied the impacts of four N levels (0, 3, 6, 9 gN·m-2 ·year-1 ) under drought or a well-watered regime on multiple eco-physiological responses of 1-year-old C. mongolicum seedlings. Compared to well-watered conditions, drought considerably influenced seedling growth by impairing photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation and activity of superoxide dismutase and enzymes related to N metabolism. Nitrogen addition improved the productivity of drought-stressed seedlings, as revealed by increased water use efficiency, enhanced superoxide dismutase and nitrite reductase activity and elevated N and phosphorus (P) levels in seedlings. Nevertheless, the addition of moderate to high levels of N (6-9 gN·m-2 ·year-1 ) impaired net photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation and nitrate reductase activity. N addition and water regimes did not markedly change the N:P ratios of aboveground parts; while more biomass and nutrients were allocated to fine roots to assimilate the insufficient resources. Soluble protein in assimilating shoots might play a vital role in adaptation to the desert environment. The response of C. mongolicum seedlings to N addtion and drought involved an interdependency between soluble protein and morphological, physiological and biochemical processes. These findings provide an important reference for vegetation restoration in arid lands under global change.
    背景与目标: :种苗是恢复植被最有效的措施。但是,在缺乏水和养分的沙漠生态系统中,这种做法具有挑战性。蒙古沙枣(Calligonum mongolicum)是固沙先锋灌木物种,其对氮(N)沉积和干旱的适应性策略知之甚少。因此,在盆栽实验中,我们研究了干旱或灌溉条件良好的4种氮水平(0、3、6、9 gN·m-2·year-1)对1-N的多种生态生理响应的影响。岁的蒙古沙枣幼苗。与灌溉充足的条件相比,干旱通过损害光合作用,渗透液的积累以及超氧化物歧化酶和与氮代谢相关的酶的活性,大大影响了幼苗的生长。氮的添加提高了干旱胁迫幼苗的生产力,这表现为提高了水分利用效率,增强了超氧化物歧化酶和亚硝酸还原酶的活性以及幼苗中氮和磷(P)含量的升高。然而,中度至高水平的氮(6-9 gN·m-2·year-1)的添加会损害净光合作用,渗透液的积累和硝酸还原酶的活性。氮的添加和水的施用方式并没有显着改变地上部分的氮:磷比。同时将更多的生物量和养分分配给细根,以吸收不足的资源。吸收芽中的可溶性蛋白可能在适应沙漠环境中起着至关重要的作用。蒙古樟子松幼苗对氮素添加和干旱的响应涉及可溶性蛋白与形态,生理和生化过程之间的相互依赖性。这些发现为全球变化下干旱地区的植被恢复提供了重要参考。
  • 【对埃及生长的Calligonum comosum L.的细胞毒性化合物的评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1515/znc-2007-9-1005 复制DOI
    作者列表:Badria FA,Ameen M,Akl MR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS:
    背景与目标:
  • 【吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum)中的异质花粉,是一种在母体和双亲模式之间具有独特质体遗传模​​式的物种。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1104/pp.103.036657 复制DOI
    作者列表:Liu Y,Zhang Q,Hu Y,Sodmergen
    BACKGROUND & AIMS:
    背景与目标:

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