• 【慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴哮喘的临床特点。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.anl.2006.05.002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kim HY,Dhong HJ,Chung SK,Chung YJ,Kim MG
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:This study was directed at identifying clinical features of chronic rhinosinusitis with asthma, and examining the differences of the postoperative outcomes in asthmatics and nonasthmatics. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Twenty-one asthmatic and 77 nonasthmatic patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were entered into the study. The following six parameters were determined in asthmatic and nonasthmatic groups; the presence of allergy, previous sinus surgery, severity of preoperative rhinosinusitis symptoms, improvements in postoperative rhinosinusitis symptoms, preoperative disease extent, and postoperative endoscopic outcomes. RESULTS:Symptom scores improved significantly in both asthmatics and nonasthmatics postoperatively, and asthmatics exhibited significantly worse postoperative endoscopic outcomes compared with nonasthmatics. No difference was found in other parameters between two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed asthma continues to be an independent predictor of success. CONCLUSIONS:The present study found that chronic rhinosinusitis in asthmatics showed worse postoperative outcomes than in nonasthmatics, and every attempt should be made for the improvement of surgical results in these patients.
    背景与目标:
  • 【大鼠中中核神经元对结肠直肠扩张的反应特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0168-0102(97)01177-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kawakita K,Sumiya E,Murase K,Okada K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effects of colorectal distension (CRD) were examined on neurons located in and around the nucleus submedius (Sm) in the medial thalamus of urethane-anesthetized rats. A total of 66 units (49 in the Sm and 17 in immediately surrounding regions) responding to cutaneous pinch were tested to examine their responsiveness to the CRD. All the neurons that responded to cutaneous stimulation were nociceptive specific (NS) neurons. Based on their responses to the CRD the Sm neurons were classified into three types as follows: 23 (47%) of 49 neurons in the Sm and three (18%) of 17 neurons near the Sm had tonic excitatory responses with long-lasting after-discharges (type I); nine (18%) Sm neurons and four (24%) peri-Sm neurons were tonically excited but had no after-discharge (type II); and seven (14%) Sm neurons were inhibited (type III). Ten (20%) Sm neurons and 10 (59%) peri-Sm neurons did not respond to CRD. All the excitatory and inhibitory responses to CRD increased with increasing CRD pressure. Simultaneous application of CRD and cutaneous pinch did not produce a reduced response (nocigenic inhibition). These results demonstrate that most of the Sm neurons receive convergent viscerosomatic inputs from the colon and/or rectum and from the skin, suggesting that the Sm may participate in visceral nociception.
    背景与目标: : 检查了大肠扩张 (CRD) 对氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉大鼠内侧丘脑中中核 (Sm) 及其周围神经元的影响。测试了对皮肤挤压有反应的总共66个单位 (Sm中有49个,周围区域中有17个),以检查它们对CRD的反应能力。所有对皮肤刺激有反应的神经元都是伤害性特异性 (NS) 神经元。根据对CRD的反应,Sm神经元分为三种类型: Sm中49个神经元中的23个 (47% 个) 和Sm附近的17个神经元中的3个 (18% 个) 具有强直兴奋反应,放电后持续时间长 (I型); 九个 (18%) Sm神经元和四个 (24%) 周围Sm神经元被音调兴奋,但没有放电后 (II型); 七个 (14%) Sm神经元被抑制 (III型)。10个 (20%) Sm神经元和10个 (59%) 周围Sm神经元对CRD没有反应。随着CRD压力的增加,对CRD的所有兴奋和抑制反应均增加。同时应用CRD和皮肤捏合不会产生降低的反应 (抑制)。这些结果表明,大多数Sm神经元从结肠和/或直肠以及皮肤接收会聚的内脏体输入,表明Sm可能参与内脏伤害感受。
  • 【比目鱼肌的代谢特征与高血压父母后代的胰岛素作用有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.06.010 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kratochvílová S,Vyhnanovská P,Vlasáková Z,Hájek M,Skibová J,Pelikánová T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Insulin resistance affecting skeletal muscle metabolism is present in the prehypertensive state. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that blood pressure value is related to skeletal muscle composition, measured by (31)P magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, and to insulin sensitivity in the offspring of hypertensive parents (OH) and healthy controls. Study groups consisted of 10 healthy young lean OH with normal glucose tolerance, confirmed with oral glucose tolerance test, and 13 controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Insulin action was estimated as glucose disposal (M), glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR), and insulin sensitivity index (M/I) during a 10-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The sum of immunoreactive insulin values from the oral glucose tolerance test was calculated. (31)P MR spectroscopy was performed on a whole-body MR scanner (Siemens Vision, Erlangen, Germany) operating at 1.5 T and equipped with actively shielded gradient coils. There were no differences in common metabolic and anthropometric parameters between OH and controls except for the blood pressure, which was in the range of normal to high-normal level in OH. Mean blood pressure was significantly higher in OH (95.73 +/- 4.39 vs 83.76 +/- 3.95 mm Hg; P < .001). Trend toward insulin resistance was registered in OH with significantly lower M/I (0.74 +/- 0.47 vs 1.42 +/- 0.65 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) x mIU(-1) x L(-1); P < .05). There were no significant differences in total serum magnesium (sMg) levels between OH and controls, although a positive correlation exists between sMg and insulin sensitivity expressed as M (r = 0.63, P < .01), MCR (r = 0.54, P < .01), and M/I (r = 0.51, P < .05). No differences in signal intensities of phosphocreatine (PCr), phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, inorganic phosphates (Pi), adenosine triphosphates (Patp and betaATP), and calculated concentrations of intracellular ionized magnesium (Mgi) and H(+) ions between the groups were detected. Systolic blood pressure correlates positively with PCr/Patp (r = 0.43, P < .05), Pi/Patp (r = 0.413, P < .05), and Pi/betaATP (r = 0.48, P < .05). Diastolic blood pressure correlates positively only with the ratio Pi/betaATP (r = 0.42, P < .05). The sum of immunoreactive insulin values correlates with PCr/betaATP (r = 0.53, P < .01) and with Pi/betaATP (r = 0.6, P < .01). In conclusion, increase in blood pressure and insulin resistance were confirmed in offspring of OH. Insulin sensitivity is related to sMg and the elevation of blood pressure is associated with the activation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. The relationship between muscle energetic characteristics and markers of insulin resistance suggests that the alteration of energy metabolism may be present in early stages of metabolic syndrome.
    背景与目标: : 影响骨骼肌代谢的胰岛素抵抗在高血压前期存在。我们研究的目的是检验以下假设: 血压值与通过 (31)P磁共振 (MR) 光谱法测量的骨骼肌组成以及高血压父母 (OH) 和健康的后代的胰岛素敏感性有关对照。研究组由10个健康的年轻lean OH组成,葡萄糖耐量正常,经口服葡萄糖耐量试验证实,以及13个年龄,性别和体重指数相匹配的对照。在10小时的高胰岛素血症正常血糖钳夹中,胰岛素的作用估计为葡萄糖处置 (M),葡萄糖代谢清除率 (MCR) 和胰岛素敏感性指数 (M/I)。计算了口服葡萄糖耐量试验的免疫反应性胰岛素值之和。(31) 在操作于1.5 T并配备有主动屏蔽梯度线圈的全身MR扫描仪 (Siemens Vision,Erlangen,德国) 上进行P MR光谱。OH和对照组之间的常见代谢和人体测量参数没有差异,但血压在OH的正常至正常水平范围内。OH中的平均血压显着更高 (95.73/- 4.39 vs 83.76/-3.95毫米Hg; P <.001)。在OH中记录了胰岛素抵抗的趋势,M/I显著降低 (0.74 +/- 0.47 vs 1.42 +/- 0.65 mg × kg(-1) × min(-1) × mIU(-1) × L(-1); P <.05)。血清总镁 (sMg) 水平与对照组无显著差异,但sMg与胰岛素敏感性呈正相关,表现为M (r = 0.63,P <.01),MCR (r = 0.54,P <.01)。和M/I (r = 0.51,P <.05)。检测到磷酸肌酸 (PCr),磷酸单酯,磷酸二酯,无机磷酸盐 (Pi),三磷酸腺苷 (Patp和 βatp) 的信号强度以及计算的细胞内离子镁 (Mgi) 和H () 离子浓度之间的差异。收缩压与PCr/Patp (r = 0.43,P <.05) 、Pi/Patp (r = 0.413,P <.05) 和Pi/betaATP (r = 0.48,P <.05) 呈正相关。舒张压仅与Pi/βatp比值正相关 (r = 0.42,P <.05)。免疫反应性胰岛素值的总和与PCr/betaATP (r = 0.53,P <.01) 和Pi/betaATP (r = 0.6,P <.01) 相关。总之,在OH的后代中证实了血压升高和胰岛素抵抗。胰岛素敏感性与sMg有关,血压升高与骨骼肌能量代谢的激活有关。肌肉能量特征与胰岛素抵抗标志物之间的关系表明,能量代谢的改变可能存在于代谢综合征的早期阶段。
  • 【通过核酸碱基的N-季铵化与芳香族氨基酸的突出堆积相互作用: x射线晶体学特征和生物学意义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(90)90251-s 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ishida T,Ueda H,Segawa K,Doi M,Inoue M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In order to investigate the mode of interaction between the N-quarternized cytosine base and the aromatic amino acid, the crystal structure of the 3-methyl-cytidine-5'-monophosphate:tryptamine complex was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The complex crystals were stabilized by extensive hydrogen bond formations in which eight independent water molecules per complex pair participated. A prominent stacking interaction, characterized by a parallel alignment of both rings with a separation distance of ca. 3.4 A, was observed between the cytosine base and the indole ring. Combining the present results with X-ray crystallographic data on the adenine--and guanine--aromatic amino acid interactions, we summarize the structural characteristics observed in the stacking interaction of the N-quarternized nucleic acid base with the aromatic amino acid and discuss their biological implications, especially in connection with the significance of N-protonation of nucleic acid base for selective recognition by protein.
    背景与目标: : 为了研究N-四分之一化胞嘧啶碱与芳香族氨基酸之间的相互作用模式,通过x射线衍射分析了3-甲基胞苷-5 '-单磷酸: 色胺复合物的晶体结构。复杂的晶体通过广泛的氢键形成而稳定,其中每个复杂对有八个独立的水分子参与其中。在胞嘧啶碱和吲哚环之间观察到显著的堆叠相互作用,其特征是两个环平行排列,分离距离约3.4 A。结合目前的结果与腺嘌呤-和鸟嘌呤-芳香族氨基酸相互作用的x射线晶体学数据,我们总结了在N-四分之一化核酸碱基与芳香族氨基酸的堆叠相互作用中观察到的结构特征,并讨论了它们的生物学意义,特别是与核酸碱基的N-质子化对蛋白质选择性识别的意义有关。
  • 【三级护理中心引发深静脉血栓形成的特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.02.006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Brownson KE,Brahmandam A,Huynh N,Reynolds J,Fares WH,Lee AI,Dardik A,Ochoa Chaar CI
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Provoked deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is precipitated by a specific event. This paper compares the characteristics of provoked DVT in patients with transient risk (TR) factors and patients with continuous risk (CR) factors. METHODS:A retrospective review of records of all consecutive patients diagnosed with DVT between January 2013 and August 2014 was performed. Patients with provoked DVT were included in the TR group if the provoking event resolved in 2 weeks and they did not have ongoing risk of thrombosis. Patients in the CR group had a provoked DVT with ongoing risk of thrombosis due to individual factors deemed to be ongoing risks of thrombosis, such as cancer, hypercoagulable disorder, and prolonged immobilization. Demographics, risk factors, association with pulmonary embolism (PE) and its severity, risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), and mortality were compared between the two groups. RESULTS:A total of 838 patients were diagnosed with DVT, and 50.7% (425) were provoked. There were 127 (29.9%) patients with TR and 298 (70.1%) with CR. TR patients were younger (60.4 ± 16.3 vs 65.9 ± 16.0; P = .001). TR was more likely to be provoked by surgery (70.9% vs 55.4%; P = .003), whereas CR was more likely to be provoked by immobilization (21.5% vs 12.6%; P = .032). CR patients were affected by cancer (48.7%) and hypercoagulable disorders (4.4%). TR patients were more likely to have calf DVTs (36.2% vs 26.2%; P = .047). There was a trend toward lower association with PE on presentation in TR (17.3% vs 21.1%; P = .072), but that did not reach statistical significance. However, TR factors were more likely to be associated with low-risk PE compared with CR factors (30.2% vs 54.6%; P = .040). After mean follow-up of 7.2 months, CR had higher risk of recurrent VTE (14.0% vs 6.8%; P = .045) and mortality (23.5% vs 7.1%; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS:Provoked DVT with CR factors affects older patients and is associated with high recurrence of VTE and mortality compared with provoked DVT with TR factors.
    背景与目标:
  • 【功能性胃灼热: 临床特征和结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/MEG.0b013e32835b108f 复制DOI
    作者列表:Surdea Blaga T,Dumitrascu D,Galmiche JP,Bruley des Varannes S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:Patients with heartburn and normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, normal oesophageal acid exposure, no symptom-reflux association and who fail to respond to a proton-pump inhibitor are classified as having functional heartburn (FH). This study aimed (i) to characterize the symptoms and functional abnormalities of patients with FH and (ii) to describe their clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Among all patients referred for 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH), patients with FH were identified. The clinical characteristics and high-resolution oesophageal pressure topography recordings of FH patients were analyzed at the time of the 24-h MII-pH test. A symptom-related and health-related quality-of-life questionnaire was then sent to FH patients to assess the long-term outcome. RESULTS:Forty patients fulfilled the criteria for FH, representing 8.5% of the referred population. Twenty-two months after initial testing, 66% of patients still suffered from heartburn. The rate of mixed reflux (liquid/gas) was higher in patients with persisting heartburn at the final evaluation (63 vs. 50%, P=0.04). Sixty-six per cent of patients had one or more manometric abnormalities. Acid clearance time in MII-pH was significantly higher in patients with weak peristalsis than patients with normal peristalsis (60 ± 45 vs. 31 ± 19 s, P=0.03). A high rate of mixed reflux and/or a manometric abnormality were associated with a higher risk of persistent heartburn. CONCLUSION:FH is a chronic disorder with persisting symptoms in two-thirds of patients. An increased rate of mixed reflux and/or the presence of manometric abnormalities are associated with a higher risk of persisting symptoms and may help to identify the population with unmet therapeutic needs.
    背景与目标:
  • 【马凡综合征妇女的出生特征,妊娠的产科和新生儿结局-全国队列和病例对照研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.05.026 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kernell K,Sydsjö G,Bladh M,Josefsson A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim was to investigate birth characteristics, obstetric and neonatal outcomes of the first childbirth in women with Marfan syndrome by use of Swedish national registers since pregnancy-related outcomes in women with Marfan syndrome have only been sparsely investigated. STUDY DESIGN:In this national population-based cohort study and matched case-control study of Swedish women born 1973-1993, women with Marfan syndrome (n=273) were compared to women without the condition (n=1 017 265). The study population was followed until 2013. A total of 364 553 mother-firstborn-offspring pairs were analyzed. Sixty-one women with Marfan syndrome became mothers. Women with Marfan syndrome were also compared to 543 healthy controls. RESULTS:Women with Marfan syndrome were more often born preterm (p<0.001), small-for-gestational age (p<0.001), and delivered by cesarean section (p=0.001). Women with Marfan syndrome had no increased risk of giving birth by cesarean section (p=0.079). No increased neonatal risks in their children were found. Women with Marfan syndrome were less likely to give birth than those without (p<0.001). There were no maternal deaths. CONCLUSIONS:Women with Marfan syndrome were more likely to be born preterm, SGA and by cesarean section. These increased risks of preterm birth and SGA babies were not found in connection with their own first childbirth. Pregnancies with known fetal Marfan syndrome have to be carefully monitored. The results are important for obstetricians giving preconception counseling and treating women with Marfan syndrome. Further studies are needed to evaluate risks during pregnancy and long-term effects of pregnancy on the cardiovascular status of women with Marfan syndrome.
    背景与目标:
  • 【与已建立的人子宫内膜上皮和基质细胞系共培养对精子运动特性的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/humrep/12.6.1197 复制DOI
    作者列表:Guerin JF,Merviel P,Plachot M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The effects of co-culture of human spermatozoa with human immortalized endometrial cells - epithelial or stromal - on sperm movement characteristics, including hyperactivation, were studied using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Epithelial and stromal cell types could be separated following 8-10 days of culture of endometrial cells originating from human biopsies. Both cell types were immortalized by the SV 40 large T antigen. Co-incubation of sperm with epithelial and stromal monolayers enhanced the rate of hyperactivation24.9% (P <0.05) and 17.8% (P = 0.05) versus 9.5% as control, respectively, whereas the majority of motility parameters remained unchanged. Conditioned media had no effect upon sperm parameters, including hyperactivation. Co-incubation with either monolayer was able to maintain sperm motility over a longer period than incubation in control medium alone.

    In four patients whose spermatozoa did not exhibit hyperactivation, co-incubation with epithelial cells, but not conditioned medium, allowed normal rates of hyperactivation (range6.9-15.6%).

    背景与目标: 使用计算机辅助精子分析 (CASA) 研究了人类精子与人类永生化的子宫内膜细胞 (上皮或基质) 共培养对精子运动特征 (包括过度活化) 的影响。在培养源自人活检的子宫内膜细胞8-10天后,可以分离上皮和基质细胞类型。两种细胞类型都被SV 40大T抗原永生化。与9.5% 对照相比,将精子与上皮和基质单层共同孵育可分别提高高激活率24.9% (P <0.05) 和17.8% (P = 0.05),而大多数运动参数保持不变。条件培养基对精子参数 (包括过度活化) 没有影响。与单独在对照培养基中孵育相比,与任一单层共同孵育能够在更长的时间内保持精子活力。
    在四名精子未表现出过度活化的患者中,与上皮细胞共同孵育,但不是条件培养基,允许正常的过度激活率 (范围6.9-15.6%)。
  • 【HDR (甲状旁腺功能减退,感音神经性聋,肾发育不良) 综合征的听力损失特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000095899 复制DOI
    作者列表:van Looij MA,Meijers-Heijboer H,Beetz R,Thakker RV,Christie PT,Feenstra LW,van Zanten BG
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Haploinsufficiency of the zinc finger transcription factor GATA3 causes the triad of hypoparathyroidism, deafness and renal dysplasia, known by its acronym HDR syndrome. The purpose of the current study was to describe in detail the auditory phenotype in human HDR patients and compare these to audiometrical and histological data previously described in a mouse model of this disease. Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, speech in noise, auditory brainstem responses and transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions were measured in 2 patients affected by HDR syndrome. Both patients were affected by a moderate-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss. Speech reception thresholds were shifted and speech recognition in noise was disturbed. No otoacoustic emissions could be generated in either patient. Auditory brainstem response interpeak intervals were normal. The human and murine audiological phenotypes seem to correspond well. Hearing loss in HDR syndrome is moderate to severe, seems to be slightly worse at the higher end of the frequency spectrum and may be progressive with age. The absence of otoacoustic emissions and the loss of frequency selectivity suggest an important role for outer hair cells in causing the hearing loss.
    背景与目标: : 锌指转录因子GATA3的单倍不足导致甲状旁腺功能减退,耳聋和肾发育不良的三联征,其首字母缩写为HDR综合征。本研究的目的是详细描述人类HDR患者的听觉表型,并将其与先前在该疾病的小鼠模型中描述的听觉和组织学数据进行比较。在2例受HDR综合征影响的患者中测量了纯音测听,言语测听,噪声语音,听觉脑干反应和瞬时诱发的耳声发射。两名患者均受到中度至重度感音神经性听力损失的影响。语音接收阈值偏移,噪声中的语音识别受到干扰。任何一名患者都不会产生耳声发射。听觉脑干反应峰间间隔正常。人类和鼠的听力学表型似乎很吻合。HDR综合征的听力损失为中度至重度,在频谱的高端似乎稍差,并且可能随着年龄的增长而逐渐恶化。耳声发射的缺乏和频率选择性的丧失表明外毛细胞在引起听力损失中起着重要作用。
  • 【培养中的胎鼠肺泡II型细胞表达体内发现的几种II型细胞特征,以及主要的组织相容性抗原。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1165/ajrcmb/3.4.325 复制DOI
    作者列表:Oomen LC,Ten Have-Opbroek AA,Hageman PC,Oudshoorn-Snoek M,Egberts J,van der Valk MA,Calafat J,Demant P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Alveolar type II cells were isolated from fetal mouse lung by differential adherence and obtained in monolayer culture. Cultures display a high degree of purity as shown by histochemical and immunocytochemical staining procedures. Seventy-five percent of cells stained positive with specific anti-lavage serum mouse (SALS-M), an antiserum specific for (pre)alveolar type II cells of the mouse, and osmiophilic bodies were present in 82% of cells. These and other characteristics of type II cells in culture correspond to those of alveolar type II cells in fetal mouse lung. The pattern of reactivity of these cells with various anti-cytokeratin antibodies is described, and we show that, in contrast to rat type II cells, they do not exhibit alkaline phosphatase activity. Identity of the type II cell cultures was shown by their specific phospholipid composition and surfactant protein A (SP-A) content. The fetal alveolar type II cells in culture were found to synthesize and express class I but not class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. The possibility to culture fetal alveolar type II cells of the mouse and the availability of genetically well-defined inbred and transgenic mouse strains opens ways to study the genetics of type II cell differentiation and function. Also, the in vitro availability of alveolar type II cells, the progenitor cells of mouse lung tumors, will enable us to study in vitro several of the processes involved in lung tumorigenesis in the mouse.
    背景与目标: : 通过差异粘附从胎鼠肺中分离出II型肺泡细胞,并在单层培养中获得。如组织化学和免疫细胞化学染色程序所示,培养物显示出高度的纯度。用特异性抗灌洗液血清小鼠 (sars-M) 染色阳性的5% 个细胞,该血清对小鼠的 (前) 肺泡II型细胞具有特异性的抗血清,和嗜渗体体存在于细胞82% 中。培养的II型细胞的这些和其他特征对应于胎鼠肺中II型肺泡细胞的那些特征。描述了这些细胞与各种抗细胞角蛋白抗体的反应性模式,并且我们表明,与大鼠II型细胞相反,它们不显示碱性磷酸酶活性。II型细胞培养物的身份通过其特定的磷脂组成和表面活性剂蛋白A (sp-a) 含量显示。发现培养物中的胎儿肺泡II型细胞合成并表达I类但不表达II类主要组织相容性复合物 (MHC) 抗原培养小鼠胎儿肺泡II型细胞的可能性以及遗传明确的近交和转基因小鼠品系的可用性为研究II型细胞分化和功能的遗传学开辟了途径。此外,肺泡II型细胞 (小鼠肺肿瘤的祖细胞) 的体外可用性将使我们能够在体外研究与小鼠肺肿瘤发生有关的几个过程。
  • 【慢速拉伸过程中的急性首次绳肌拉伤: 临床,磁共振成像和恢复特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0363546507303563 复制DOI
    作者列表:Askling CM,Tengvar M,Saartok T,Thorstensson A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Hamstring strains can be of 2 types with different injury mechanisms, 1 occurring during high-speed running and the other during stretching exercises. HYPOTHESIS:A stretching type of injury to the proximal rear thigh may involve specific muscle-tendon structures that could affect recovery time. STUDY DESIGN:Case series (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS:Fifteen professional dancers with acute first-time hamstring strains were prospectively included in the study. All subjects were examined, clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging, on 4 occasions after injury: at day 2 to 4, 10, 21, and 42. The clinical follow-up period was 2 years. RESULTS:All dancers were injured during slow hip-flexion movements with extended knee and experienced relatively mild acute symptoms. All injuries were located proximally in the posterior thigh close to the ischial tuberosity. The injury involved the semimembranosus (87%), quadratus femoris (87%), and adductor magnus (33%). All injuries to the semimembranosus involved its proximal free tendon. There were no significant correlations between clinical or magnetic resonance imaging parameters and the time to return to preinjury level (median, 50 weeks; range, 30-76 weeks). CONCLUSION:Stretching exercises can give rise to a specific type of strain injury to the posterior thigh. A precise history and careful palpation provide the clinician enough information to predict a prolonged time until return to preinjury level. One factor underlying prolonged recovery time could be the involvement of the free tendon of the semimembranosus muscle.
    背景与目标:
  • 【社区获得性艰难梭菌感染与医院获得性艰难梭菌感染的临床和分子特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.06.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kwon SS,Gim JL,Kim MS,Kim H,Choi JY,Yong D,Lee K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI) is a growing concern. CA-CDI differs from hospital-acquired C. difficile infection (HA-CDI) in its epidemiology, risk factors, severity, and outcomes. In this study, we investigated C. difficile infections in a tertiary care hospital in Seoul, Korea, and compared the CA-CDI and HA-CDI cases diagnosed in the same period. Total 593 cases were confirmed as CDI in 2014, of which CA-CDI accounted for 68 (11.5%) of the total CDI cases. Compared with HA-CDI, the mean age of CA-CDI cases was lower than that of HA-CDI (42.7 vs 60.4). In CA-CDI, antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in the 12 preceding weeks and concurrent chemotherapy and tube feeding were less frequent compared with HA-CDI. In most cases (63/68, 92.6%), patients with CA-CDI recovered without any complications or recurrence. The most prevalent C. difficile type in CA-CDI cases was PCR-ribotype 012, accounting for 18.3% of the total, followed by PCR-ribotype 018 (16.7%).
    背景与目标: : 社区获得性艰难梭菌感染 (ca-cdi) 日益受到关注。Ca-cdi与医院获得性艰难梭菌感染 (ha-cdi) 的流行病学、危险因素、严重程度和结局不同。在这项研究中,我们调查了韩国首尔一家三级医院的艰难梭菌感染,并比较了同期诊断的ca-cdi和ha-cdi病例。共593例确诊为CDI 2014年,其中ca-cdi占CDI病例总数的68 (11.5%)。与ha-cdi相比,ca-cdi病例的平均年龄低于ha-cdi (42.7 vs 60.4)。在ca-cdi中,与ha-cdi相比,前12周使用抗生素和质子泵抑制剂 (PPI) 以及同时进行化疗和管饲的频率较低。在大多数情况下 (63/68,92.6%),CA-CDI患者恢复无任何并发症或复发。CA-CDI病例中最普遍的艰难梭菌类型是PCR核型012,占总数的18.3%,其次是PCR核型018 (16.7%)。
  • 【台湾艰难梭菌感染患者的特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1017/S0950268812002749 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lin YC,Huang YT,Lee TF,Lee NY,Liao CH,Lin SY,Ko WC,Hsueh PR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The medical records of 84 patients with stool cultures positive for Clostridium difficile during the period August 2007 to June 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. A case of confirmed (toxigenic)C. difficile infection (CDI) was defined by the presence of symptoms (fever, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort or distension, ileus) and the presence of toxigenic C. difficile. Patients with compatible clinical symptoms and stool cultures positive for non-toxigenic C. difficile isolates were defined as probable (non-toxigenic) CDI cases. Of these 84 patients, 50 (59.5%) were diagnosed as confirmed CDI and 34 (40.5%) as probable CDI. Thirteen (15.5%) of the 84 patients died during their hospital stay. Usage of proton pump inhibitors was a significant independent risk factor for CDI (OR 3.21, P=0.014). Of the 50 isolates associated with confirmed CDI, seven (8.3%) carried binary toxin genes (cdtAB), and six (7.1%) had a deletion in the tcdC gene. The mortality rate in confirmed CDI patients with isolates exhibiting deletion in the tcdC gene (2/6, 33.3%), those with isolates harbouring binary toxin genes (2/7, 28.6%), and those with isolates containing mutations in gyrA (2/7, 28.6%) and gyrB (1/2, 50%) was higher than the overall mortality rate (10/50, 20%) in patients with confirmed CDI.
    背景与目标: : 回顾性分析了2009年6月2007年8月84例粪便培养为艰难梭菌阳性的患者的病历。1例确诊 (有毒) 艰难梭菌感染 (CDI) 的定义是症状 (发热,腹泻,腹部不适或腹胀,肠梗阻) 和产毒艰难梭菌的存在。具有相容的临床症状和粪便培养的非产毒艰难梭菌分离株阳性的患者被定义为可能的 (非产毒的) CDI病例。在这84名患者中,50名 (59.5% 名) 被诊断为CDI确诊,34名 (40.5% 名) 被诊断为CDI可能。84名患者中有13名 (15.5% 名) 在住院期间死亡。质子泵抑制剂的使用是CDI (或3.21,P = 0.014)。在与确诊CDI相关的50个分离株中,7个 (8.3% 个) 携带二元毒素基因 (cdtAB),6个 (7.1% 个) tcdC基因缺失。死亡率在确诊的CDI患者中,分离株显示tcdC基因缺失 (2/6,33.3%),具有二元毒素基因的分离株 (2/7,28.6%) 和具有gyrA (2/7,28.6%) 和gyrB (1/2,50%) 突变的分离株高于确诊CDI患者的总死亡率 (10/50,20%)。
  • 【使用6-磺基-glcnac作为受体糖底物研究 β1,4-半乳糖基转移酶I。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s10719-013-9488-4 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ramakrishnan B,Moncrief AJ,Davis TA,Holland LA,Qasba PK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :6-sulfate modified N-acetylglucosamine (6-sulfo-GlcNAc) is often found as part of many biologically important carbohydrate epitopes such as 6-sulfo-Le(X). In these epitopes, the 6-sulfo-GlcNAc moiety is extended by a galactose sugar in a β1-4 linkage. The β4GalT1 enzyme transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in the presence of manganese. Here we report that the β4GalT1 enzyme transfers Gal to the 6-sulfo-GlcNAc and 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (6-sulfo-βGlcNAc-MU) acceptor substrates, although with very low efficiency. To understand the effect that the 6-sulfate group on the GlcNAc acceptor has on the catalytic activity of the β4GalT1 molecule, we have determined the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of bovine β4GalT1 mutant enzyme M344H-β4GalT1 complex with the 6-sulfo-GlcNAc molecule. In the crystal structure, the 6-sulfo-GlcNAc is bound to the protein in a way that is similar to the GlcNAc molecule. However, the 6-sulfate group engages in additional interactions with the hydrophobic region, residues 276-285, of the protein molecule, and this group is found wedged between the aromatic side chains of Phe-280 and Trp314 residues. Since the side chain of the Trp314 residue undergoes conformational changes during the catalytic cycle of the enzyme, molecular interaction between Trp314 and the 6-sulfate group might hinder this conformational change. Therefore, the lack of a favorable binding environment, together with hindrance to the conformational changes, might be responsible for the poor catalytic activity.
    背景与目标: : 6-硫酸盐修饰的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺 (6-sulfo-GlcNAc) 通常被发现为许多生物学上重要的碳水化合物表位的一部分,例如6-sulfo-Le(X)。在这些表位中,6-sulfo-GlcNAc部分由 β1-4键的半乳糖糖延伸。在锰存在下,β4GalT1酶将半乳糖 (Gal) 从UDP-Gal转移到N-乙酰葡萄糖胺 (GlcNAc)。在这里,我们报告了 β4GalT1酶将Gal转移到6-sulfo-GlcNAc和4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (6-sulfo-βGlcNAc-MU) 受体底物上,尽管效率很低。为了了解GlcNAc受体上的6-硫酸盐基团对 β4GalT1分子的催化活性的影响,我们确定了牛 β4GalT1突变酶M344H-β4GalT1与6-sulfo-GlcNAc分子的催化结构域的晶体结构。在晶体结构中,6-磺基-GlcNAc以类似于GlcNAc分子的方式与蛋白质结合。然而,6-硫酸盐基团与蛋白质分子的疏水区域276-285残基进行另外的相互作用,并且发现该基团楔入Phe-280和Trp314残基的芳族侧链之间。由于Trp314残基的侧链在酶的催化循环过程中发生构象变化,因此Trp314与6-硫酸盐基团之间的分子相互作用可能会阻碍这种构象变化。因此,缺乏良好的结合环境以及对构象变化的阻碍,可能是导致催化活性差的原因。
  • 【承诺关系中MSM与性风险行为相关的关系特征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1089/apc.2012.0198 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hoff CC,Chakravarty D,Beougher SC,Neilands TB,Darbes LA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Understanding situations that increase HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) requires consideration of the context in which risky behaviors occur. Relationships are one such context. This study examines the presence and predictors of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the past 3 months among 566 MSM couples. A majority of couples allowed sex with outside partners. Overall, 65% of the sample engaged in UAI with primary partner, including nearly half of discordant couples. Positive relationship factors, such as attachment and intimacy, were associated with an increased likelihood of UAI with primary partner. Meanwhile, 22% of the sample engaged in at least one episode of UAI with an outside partner, half of whom were discordant or unknown HIV status outside partners. Higher levels of HIV-specific social support, equality, and sexual agreement investment were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of engaging in UAI with a discordant or unknown HIV status outside partner. HIV-positive men in discordant relationships had two and one half times the odds of having UAI with a discordant or unknown HIV status outside partner as their HIV-negative partners. Many MSM in relationships, including some in serodiscordant ones, engage in UAI with primary partners. Potential explanations include relationship closeness, relationship length, and agreement type. In addition, relationship context appears to have a differential impact upon UAI with primary and outside partners, implying that prevention messages may need to be tailored for different types of couples. Prevention efforts involving MSM couples must take into account relationship characteristics as couples balance safer sex and HIV risk with intimacy and pleasure.
    背景与目标: : 了解与男性发生性关系的男性 (MSM) 中增加艾滋病毒风险的情况,需要考虑发生危险行为的背景。关系就是这样一种背景。这项研究调查了566对MSM夫妇在过去3个月中无保护的肛门性交 (UAI) 的存在和预测因素。大多数夫妇允许与外部伴侣发生性关系。总体而言,65% 的样本与主要伴侣进行了UAI,包括近一半的不和谐夫妇。积极的关系因素,例如依恋和亲密关系,与主要伴侣发生UAI的可能性增加有关。同时,样本的22% 与外部伴侣进行了至少一次UAI发作,其中一半是外部伴侣不和谐或未知的HIV状态。较高水平的HIV特异性社会支持,平等和性协议投资与参与UAI的可能性降低显着相关。处于不和谐关系中的HIV阳性男性与不和谐或未知HIV状态的UAI作为其HIV阴性伴侣的可能性是UAI的两倍半。许多处于关系中的MSM,包括一些处于不和谐关系中的MSM,都与主要合作伙伴进行UAI。潜在的解释包括关系密切,关系长度和协议类型。此外,关系背景似乎对与主要和外部伴侣的UAI产生了不同的影响,这意味着可能需要为不同类型的夫妇量身定制预防信息。涉及MSM夫妇的预防工作必须考虑到关系特征,因为夫妇在更安全的性行为和艾滋病毒风险与亲密关系和愉悦之间取得平衡。

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