• 【菊苣科植物茎中的one吨酮对正中缝核的血清素能神经元的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sela VR,Hattanda I,Albrecht CM,De Almeida CB,Obici S,Cortez DA,Audi EA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. (Clusiaceae), known as "Pau Santo", is used to treat several tropical diseases. The hydroethanolic extract (HE) of Kielmeyera coriacea stems and its semi-pure dichloromethane constituent (DCM) produced an anti-immobility effect in rats submitted to the forced swimming test (FST), suggesting a antidepressant-like profile. This study evaluated the effect of intra-median raphe nucleus (MRN) microinjection of 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone, present in large quantity in the HE from Kielmeyera coriacea stems, on immobility behaviour in the FST in rats. The effects of xanthone were compared with intra-MRN microinjections of Way100635 (5-HT1A antagonist) or (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A agonist). Locomotor activity in the open-field test (OFT) was evaluated as a complementary measure. Xanthone (0.3ng) or Way100635 (2.5microg) reduced, whereas (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5.0microg) increased immobility time in the FST. Way100635 (2.5 or 5.0microg) completely reversed the effects of (+) 8-OHDPAT (5.0microg), and potentiated the anti-immobility effect of the ineffective dose of xanthone (0.2ng) in the FST. The association of effective doses of (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5.0microg) and xanthone (0.3ng) annulled the effect of each compound on immobility time. These results suggest that xanthone acts as an antagonist at 5-HT1A autoreceptors in MRN and increases serotonin (5-HT) availability in projection regions, proving to be a prototype drug that may be useful in mood isorders such as depression, or indeed be a beneficial adjunctive treatment improving the efficacy and/or accelerating the effects of antidepressant drugs in patients with major depression.
    背景与目标: :基尔米耶拉(Kielmeyera)coriacea Mart。 (Clusiaceae),被称为“ Pau Santo”,用于治疗几种热带疾病。菊苣茎杆的氢乙醇提取物(HE)及其半纯二氯甲烷成分(DCM)在接受强迫游泳试验(FST)的大鼠中产生了抗固定作用,表明其具有类似抗抑郁药的特性。这项研究评估了Kielmeyera coriacea茎中大量存在于HE中的1,3,7-三羟基-2-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)-蒽酮对中缝内核(MRN)显微注射的影响,在大鼠FST中的不动行为将x吨酮的作用与Way100635(5-HT1A拮抗剂)或()8-OH-DPAT(5-HT1A激动剂)的MRN显微注射进行了比较。开放场测试(OFT)中的运动活动被评估为一项补充措施。黄酮(0.3ng)或Way100635(2.5microg)减少,而()8-OH-DPAT(5.0microg)增加了FST中的固定时间。 Way100635(2.5或5.0microg)完全逆转了()8-OHDPAT(5.0microg)的作用,并增强了FST中无效剂量的蒽酮(0.2ng)的抗固定作用。有效剂量的()8-OH-DPAT(5.0microg)和x吨酮(0.3ng)的结合消除了每种化合物对固定时间的影响。这些结果表明,an吨酮可作为MRN中5-HT1A自身受体的拮抗剂,并增加投射区域的5-羟色胺(5-HT)利用率,被证明是一种原型药物,可用于情绪障碍(例如抑郁症),或者确实是一种抑郁症。有益的辅助治疗可改善重度抑郁症患者的抗抑郁药的疗效和/或加速其作用。
  • 【孵化的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea L.)和(Caretta caretta L.)海龟的离体视网膜的频率响应特性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.12.017 复制DOI
    作者列表:Horch K,Salmon M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Electroretinographic recordings were made from hatchling loggerhead and leatherback sea turtle eyecup preparations during presentation of sinusoidally modulated lights of different frequencies, mean intensities and colors. Cross-correlation analysis was performed to determine the extent to which the responses followed the intensity modulated light sources. For both species mean light intensity had no significant effect on the frequency modulated responses over a 1.5 log unit range of intensities. Both species showed the best following to blue light and the poorest tracking to red light. Leatherback retinas did not follow frequencies above 10 Hz, while loggerhead responses extended out to 15 Hz. These visual low pass filter characteristics are consistent with attributes of the visual ecology of each species, as well as with the latencies and slow rise times exhibited by these retinas to brief flashes of light.
    背景与目标: :视网膜电图记录是在呈现不同频率,平均强度和颜色的正弦调制光时,用孵化的logger和棱皮海龟眼罩制备的。进行互相关分析以确定响应遵循强度调制光源的程度。在强度的1.5 log单位范围内,两种物质的平均光强度对调频响应均无显着影响。两种物种对蓝光的追踪最佳,对红光的追踪最差。棱皮视网膜未遵循高于10 Hz的频率,而的响应扩展至15 Hz。这些视觉低通滤波器的特性与每种物种的视觉生态属性以及这些视网膜对短暂闪光所表现出的潜伏期和缓慢上升时间相一致。
  • 【来自巴西海岸的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)的遗传多样性和起源。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/jhered/esm120 复制DOI
    作者列表:Vargas SM,Araújo FC,Monteiro DS,Estima SC,Almeida AP,Soares LS,Santos FR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) population that nests in Brazil is restricted to a few individuals, but high densities of pelagic individuals are observed along the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast. We investigated the diversity of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in order to understand the relationship between nesting and pelagic leatherbacks from Brazil and elsewhere. High-quality 711-bp sequences were generated, analyzed, and compared with published data from worldwide populations. We detected the presence of shared haplotypes between nesting and pelagic aggregates from Brazil, as well as haplotypes shared with other nesting areas from the Atlantic and Pacific. Furthermore, the use of longer control region sequences allowed the subdivision of the common Atlantic haplotype A into 3 different haplotypes (A1, A3, and A4), thus improving the resolution of mtDNA-based leatherback phylogeography. The use of longer sequences partially supported a closer association between nesting and pelagic individuals from Brazil and pointed to a complex origin for the pelagic individuals in the Brazilian coast.
    背景与目标: :在巴西筑巢的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)种群仅限于少数个体,但是在巴西南部和东南部沿海观察到高密度的浮游鱼类。我们研究了线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区的多样性,以了解来自巴西和其他地方的筑巢和中上皮棱皮动物之间的关系。生成,分析了高质量的711-bp序列,并将其与来自全球人群的已发布数据进行了比较。我们检测到来自巴西的巢穴和中上层骨料之间存在共享的单体型,以及与来自大西洋和太平洋的其他巢穴区域共享的单体型。此外,使用更长的控制区序列可以将常见的大西洋单倍型A细分为3种不同的单倍型(A1,A3和A4),从而提高了基于mtDNA的棱皮植物系统学的分辨率。较长序列的使用部分地支持了来自巴西的中上层个体与筑巢个体之间的紧密联系,并指出了巴西海岸中上层个体的复杂起源。
  • 【棱皮龟Dermochelys coriacea表现出一夫多妻制和一夫多妻制。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01591.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Crim JL,Spotila LD,Spotila JR,O'Connor M,Reina R,Williams CJ,Paladino FV
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is an endangered species, and world-wide populations are declining. To understand better the mating structure of this pelagic and fragile species, we investigated paternity in nearly 1000 hatchlings from Playa Grande in Parque Marino Nacional Las Baulas, Costa Rica. We collected DNA samples from 36 adult female leatherbacks and assessed allele frequency distributions for three microsatellite loci. For 20 of these 36 females, we examined DNA from hatchlings representing multiple clutches, and in some cases assessed up to four successive clutches from the same female. We inferred paternal alleles by comparing maternal and hatchling genotypes. We could not reject the null hypothesis of single paternity in 12 of 20 families (31 of 50 clutches), but we did reject the null hypothesis in two families (eight of 50 clutches). In the remaining six families, the null hypothesis could not be accepted or rejected with certainty because the number of hatchlings exhibiting extra nonmaternal alleles was small, and could thus be a result of mutation or sample error. Successive clutches laid by the same female had the same paternal allelic contribution, indicating sperm storage or possibly monogamy. None of 20 females shared the same three-locus genotype whereas there were two instances of shared genotypes among 17 inferred paternal three-locus genotypes. We conclude that both polyandry and polygyny are part of the mating structure of this leatherback sea turtle population.
    背景与目标: :棱皮龟(Dermochelys coriacea)是一种濒临灭绝的物种,世界范围内的种群正在减少。为了更好地了解这种中上层和脆弱物种的交配结构,我们调查了哥斯达黎加马里诺国家公园Las Baulas的Playa Grande的近1000头幼鱼的亲子关系。我们收集了36个成年雌性棱皮动物的DNA样本,并评估了三个微卫星基因座的等位基因频率分布。对于这36只雌性动物中的20只,我们检查了代表多个离合器的幼体的DNA,在某些情况下,评估了同一只雌性的多达四个连续离合器。我们通过比较母体和孵化基因型来推断父本等位基因。我们不能拒绝20个家庭中的12个家庭(50个离合器中的31个)的单亲身份零假设,但我们确实拒绝了两个家庭(50个离合器中的八个)的零假设。在剩余的六个家族中,零假设不能被确定性地接受或拒绝,因为表现出额外的非母亲等位基因的幼体数量很少,因此可能是突变或样本错误的结果。同一雌性产下的连续离合器具有相同的父本等位基因贡献,表明精子储存或一夫一妻制。 20名女性中没有一个具有相同的三基因座基因型,而在17个推断的父系三基因座基因型中有两个共享基因型的实例。我们得出的结论是,一夫多妻制和一夫多妻制都是该棱皮海龟种群交配结构的一部分。
  • 【巢环境对棱皮龟胚胎(Dermochelys coriacea)发育过程中钙动员的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00374-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bilinski JJ,Reina RD,Spotila JR,Paladino FV
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We investigated the effect of sand moisture content and sand temperature on developmental success and the mobilization of calcium during development using laboratory incubated eggs (n=251) collected from leatherbacks nesting at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, Costa Rica. Calcium concentrations of egg components [eggshell, yolk plus albumen (Y+A) and embryo] changed significantly through incubation for both viable and undeveloped eggs. In developed eggs, eggshell calcium content decreased 42.9% by day 60 of incubation. The Y+A calcium decreased by 20.8% until the last quarter of incubation, and then increased to 0.99% above initial Y+A calcium concentrations just prior to hatching. In undeveloped eggs, eggshell calcium content decreased by 25.7%, with the rate of decrease slowing significantly beyond day 30 of incubation. In contrast, Y+A calcium increased steadily through the 60-day incubation period. Embryos incorporated a higher proportion of calcium when incubated at a lower sand moisture content (5% H(2)O>12% H(2)O) and at lower sand temperatures (28.5 degrees C, 29.5 degrees C>31.0 degrees C). The total wet mass of freshly oviposited eggs was negatively correlated with calcium concentration per gram of eggshell (r=-0.569; P<0.001). Thus, each yolked egg, regardless of initial wet mass, had an average of 1.23 g (+/-0.43 g) of calcium per egg (Mean egg mass: 76.24+/-1.21 g). Both developmental success (24.1%) and hatching success (7.4%) of laboratory-incubated eggs were dependent to a greater extent on temperature than on moisture, with an increase in mortality as sand temperature increased. For natural nests on Playa Grande, developmental success (37.4%) and hatching success (19.8%) were similar in magnitude to the results obtained from the laboratory. The recent ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) event and increased tidal activity may be responsible for the high embryonic mortality measured during the 1997-1998 nesting season.
    背景与目标: :我们使用哥斯达黎加Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas的棱皮背上收集的实验室孵化卵(n = 251),研究了沙子含水量和沙子温度对发育成功和钙在生长过程中动员的影响。通过孵化活的和未发育的卵,卵成分(蛋壳,蛋黄加蛋白(Y A)和胚胎)中的钙浓度发生了显着变化。在孵化的蛋中,到孵化第60天,蛋壳钙含量降低了42.9%。到孵化的最后一个季度,Y A的钙含量下降了20.8%,然后在孵化之前,Y A的钙含量比初始Y A的钙含量增加了0.99%。在未发育的卵中,蛋壳钙含量下降了25.7%,下降速度在孵化30天后明显减慢。相反,在60天的潜伏期中,Y A钙稳定增加。在较低的沙子水分含量(5%H(2)O> 12%H(2)O)和较低的沙子温度(28.5摄氏度,29.5摄氏度> 31.0摄氏度)下孵育时,胚中掺入的钙含量更高。 。新鲜产卵的总湿重与每克蛋壳中的钙浓度呈负相关(r = -0.569; P <0.001)。因此,无论初始湿重如何,每个带蛋的蛋平均每个蛋含钙1.23克(/-0.43克)(平均蛋量:76.24 /-1.21克)。实验室孵化卵的发育成功率(24.1%)和孵化成功率(7.4%)在很大程度上取决于温度而不是水分,并且随着沙温的升高死亡率也增加。对于Playa Grande上的天然巢而言,发育成功率(37.4%)和孵化成功率(19.8%)的数量级与实验室获得的结果相似。最近发生的ENSO(厄尔尼诺南方涛动)事件和潮汐活动增加可能是1997-1998年筑巢季节测得的高胚胎死亡率的原因。
  • 【[人造光对委内瑞拉奇帕拉海滩棱皮海龟Dermochelys coriacea(Testudines:Dermochelyidae)筑巢的影响]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rondón Médicci M,Buitrago J,Mccoy M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The number of Leatherback turtle nests and their spatial distribution was compared between years with and without artificial light, and between dark and lighted beach segments, in Cipara Beach, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. Residents were interviewed to identify their perceptions about the impact of artificial light on sea turtles. Mean volume of sand per meter of beach was larger at La Peña, Cipara and La Remate and smaller at Varadero (p<0.001), increasing from April to June and later decreasing until August (p<0.05). Mean percentage of gravel was higher at Varadero and La Peña, and lower at La Remate and Cipara. Most interviewed people said that artificial light does not affect sea turtles. Between 2000 and 2005, 1,217 leatherback landings and 1,056 nests were observed. Successful nests increased with the years (p=0.035) as well as total nest number (p=0.015). From 2000 through 2003 there were 743 landings, 661 nests and 374 clutches. During the two years with electric light (2004-2005), there were 474 landings, 395 nests and 232 clutches. Proportion of landings with nest building decreased significantly during the years with electric light (p=0.005), but nesting success did not vary (p=0.402). No significant difference was found between landings per beach meter in dark and lighted sectors (p=0.244), between nests built (p=0.379) and in the rate of successful nesting (p=0.516). Dark and lighted sectors did not differ in the proportion of landings with nest building (p=0.067) and success rate (p=0.833).
    背景与目标: :比较了委内瑞拉Paria半岛的Cipara海滩上有无人造光的年份和有无暗光的海滩段之间的棱皮海龟巢的数量及其空间分布。采访了居民,以确认他们对人造光对海龟的影响的看法。 LaPeña,Cipara和La Remate的每米海滩平均沙粒量较大,而Varadero则较小(p <0.001),从4月到6月增加,直到8月才减少(p <0.05)。瓦拉德罗和拉佩尼亚的碎石平均百分比较高,而拉雷马特和奇帕拉的碎石平均百分比较低。大多数受访者说,人造光不会影响海龟。在2000年至2005年之间,观察到1,217棱皮龟着陆和1,056个巢穴。成功的巢数随着年数(p = 0.035)以及总巢数(p = 0.015)的增加而增加。从2000年到2003年,共有743处着陆,661处筑巢和374个离合。在使用电灯的两年中(2004年至2005年),有474次着陆,395个巢和232个离合器。随着电灯的普及,筑巢着陆的比例显着下降(p = 0.005),但筑巢成功率没有变化(p = 0.402)。在暗区和亮区(p = 0.244),筑巢之间(p = 0.379)和成功筑巢的速率(p = 0.516)之间,每海滩米的着陆之间没有显着差异。暗区和亮区在筑巢的着陆比例(p = 0.067)和成功率(p = 0.833)方面没有差异。
  • 【监测棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)中的持久性有机污染物可确认母体转移。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.042 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stewart KR,Keller JM,Templeton R,Kucklick JR,Johnson C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To assess threats to endangered species, it is critical to establish baselines for contaminant concentrations that may have detrimental consequences to individuals or populations. We measured contaminants in blubber and fat from dead leatherback turtles and established baselines in blood and eggs in nesting turtles. In fat, blubber, blood and eggs, the predominant PCBs were 153+132, 187+182, 138+163, 118, and 180+193. Total PCBs, 4,4'-DDE, total PBDEs and total chlordanes were significantly and positively correlated between blood and eggs, suggesting maternal transfer. Significant positive relationships also existed between fat and blubber in stranded leatherbacks. Less lipophilic PCBs appeared to more readily transfer from females to their eggs. PBDE profiles in the four tissues were similar to other wildlife populations but different from some turtle studies. Concentrations were lower than those shown to have acute toxic effects in other aquatic reptiles, but may have sub-lethal effects on hatchling body condition and health.
    背景与目标: :为了评估对濒临灭绝物种的威胁,至关重要的是建立可能对个人或种群造成不利影响的污染物浓度的基准。我们测量了死棱皮龟的油脂和脂肪中的污染物,并确定了筑巢龟的血液和鸡蛋中的基线。在脂肪,脂肪,血液和鸡蛋中,主要的多氯联苯为153 132、187 182、138 163、118和180193。总的多氯联苯,4,4'-DDE,总的PBDEs和总的氯丹与血液之间显着正相关和鸡蛋,提示产妇转移。搁浅的棱皮龟的脂肪和脂肪之间也存在着显着的正相关关系。亲脂性PCB越少,似乎越容易从雌性动物转移到卵子中。四个组织中的多溴二苯醚分布与其他野生动植物种群相似,但与一些乌龟研究有所不同。浓度低于对其他水生爬行动物具有急性毒性作用的浓度,但可能对孵化器的身体状况和健康造成亚致死作用。
  • 【棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)中两种新型卵黄蛋白原同工型的基于质谱的测序和基于SRM的定量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1021/pr400444m 复制DOI
    作者列表:Plumel MI,Wasselin T,Plot V,Strub JM,Van Dorsselaer A,Carapito C,Georges JY,Bertile F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :No biomarker has yet been discovered to identify the reproductive status of the endangered leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Although vitellogenin (VTG) could be used for this, its sequence is not known in D. coriacea and no quantitative assay has been carried out in this species to date. Using de novo sequencing-based proteomics, we unambiguously characterized sequences of two different VTG isoforms that we named Dc-VTG1 and Dc-VTG2. To our knowledge, this is the first clear evidence of different VTG isoforms and the structural characterization of derived yolk proteins in reptiles. This work illustrates how massive de novo sequencing can characterize novel sequences when working on "exotic" nonmodel species in which even nucleotide sequences are not available. We developed assays for absolute quantitation of these two isoforms using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry, thus providing the first SRM assays developed specifically for a nonsequenced species. Plasma levels of Dc-VTG1 and Dc-VTG2 decreased as the nesting season proceeded, and were closely related to the increased levels of reproductive effort. The SRM assays developed here therefore provide an original and efficient approach for the reliable monitoring of reproduction cycles not only in D. coriacea, but potentially in other turtle species.
    背景与目标: :尚未发现生物标志物来鉴定濒危棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)的繁殖状况。尽管卵黄蛋白原(VTG)可以用于此,但其序列在D. coriacea中尚不知道,迄今为止,尚未对该种进行定量分析。使用基于从头测序的蛋白质组学,我们明确表征了两个不同的VTG亚型的序列,我们将其命名为Dc-VTG1和Dc-VTG2。据我们所知,这是不同VTG亚型和爬行动物中衍生卵黄蛋白结构特征的第一个明确证据。这项工作说明了大规模的从头测序如何在处理甚至核苷酸序列均不可用的“外来”非模型物种时表征新序列。我们使用选定的反应监测(SRM)质谱技术开发出了这两种同工型的绝对定量分析方法,从而提供了专门针对非序列物种开发的首批SRM分析方法。随着筑巢季节的进行,血浆Dc-VTG1和Dc-VTG2的含量下降,并且与生殖力的增加密切相关。因此,这里开发的SRM分析不仅提供了一种可靠的原始方法,而且不仅可以可靠地监测D. coriacea中的繁殖周期,而且还可以潜在地监控其他龟类中的繁殖周期。
  • 【棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)在海洋中的当前运输。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0036 复制DOI
    作者列表:Luschi P,Sale A,Mencacci R,Hughes GR,Lutjeharms JR,Papi F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :While the long-distance movements of pelagic vertebrates are becoming known thanks to satellite telemetry, the factors determining their courses have hardly been investigated. We have analysed the effects of oceanographic factors on the post-nesting movements of three satellite-tracked leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) moving in the southwest Indian Ocean. By superimposing the turtle tracks on contemporaneous images of sea-surface temperatures and sea height anomalies, we show that currentrelated features dominate the shape of the reconstructed routes. After an initial offshore movement, turtles moved along straight routes when in the core of the current, or executed loops within eddies. Large parts of the routes were strikingly similar to those of surface drifters tracked in the same region. These findings document that long-lasting oceanic movements of marine turtles may be shaped by oceanic currents.
    背景与目标: :尽管借助卫星遥测技术已经了解了远洋脊椎动物的远距离运动,但几乎没有研究确定其航向的因素。我们已经分析了海洋因素对在印度洋西南部移动的三只追踪卫星的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)筑巢后运动的影响。通过将海龟轨迹叠加在海面温度和海高异常的同期图像上,我们证明了与当前相关的特征主导着重建路线的形状。在最初的海上运动之后,海龟在当前的核心时沿着笔直的路线移动,或者在涡流中执行循环。这条路线的大部分与在同一地区追踪的地面漂流者极为相似。这些发现证明,海龟的持久海洋运动可能受到洋流的影响。
  • 【用分子标记对药用植物Palicourea coriacea(Rubiaceae)的自然种群进行遗传表征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.4238/vol9-2gmr671 复制DOI
    作者列表:Barbosa TC,Sibov ST,Telles MP,Soares TN
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Palicourea coriacea (Rubiaceae) is a herbaceous, perennial species typical of the Cerrado; it is popularly known as "douradinha", because of its yellow flowers. It is utilized in popular medicine, mainly for the treatment of renal diseases. We used RAPD markers to evaluate the genetic structure of nine natural populations of P. coriacea, totaling 168 individuals, collected in the States of Goiás and Bahia. This species showed a high level of genetic diversity, with He values varying between 0.259 and 0.338, with an overall mean of 0.296. Analysis by AMOVA revealed that 23% of the total variability was between populations and 77% was within populations. The estimate of apparent gene flow (Nm) was 0.83. Analyses of the fixation index (f ) using a Bayesian approach yielded a mean value of 0.98, suggesting that this is an autogamous species. Analyses of genetic divergence and spatial pattern of the populations utilizing theta(B) and Phi(ST) matrices, pair to pair, revealed no correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance; the nine populations grouped randomly, without relation to their geographic origin. The hypothesis that geographically close populations should be genetically close was discarded based on the Mantel test; the correlation was 0.155 (P = 0.23). The degree of interpopulational differentiation was relatively high, which allows us to recommend a strategy of sampling for the ex situ conservation of genetic variability, utilizing a larger number of populations. For in situ conservation, we suggest preservation of a larger number of areas in the Cerrado, where this species naturally occurs.
    背景与目标: :Palicourea coriacea(蔷薇科)是一种多年生草本植物,是塞拉多(Cerrado)的典型物种。因其黄色的花朵而被人们普遍称为“ douradinha”。它被用于流行医学中,主要用于治疗肾脏疾病。我们使用RAPD标记来评估在Goiás和Bahia州收集的9个自然种群(P. coriacea)的遗传结构,总共168个个体。该物种显示出高水平的遗传多样性,He值在0.259和0.338之间变化,总体平均值为0.296。 AMOVA的分析显示,总变异性的23%在人群之间,而77%在人群之内。表观基因流量(Nm)的估计为0.83。使用贝叶斯方法对固色指数(f)的分析得出平均值为0.98,表明这是一种自生物种。利用theta(B)和Phi(ST)矩阵进行配对分析,对种群的遗传差异和空间格局进行分析,发现地理距离与遗传距离之间没有相关性。这九个人口随机分组,与他们的地理起源无关。根据Mantel检验,放弃了地理上接近的种群应该在基因上接近的假设。相关系数为0.155(P = 0.23)。群体间的分化程度相对较高,这使我们可以推荐一种利用大量种群进行遗传变异性迁地保护的抽样策略。为了进行原位保护,我们建议在塞拉多(Cerrado)保留该物种自然存在的更多区域。
  • 【Leathery Murdah,Terminalia coriacea(Roxb。)Wight和Arn的甲醇提取物。叶片在急性和慢性模型中均表现出抗炎活性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000488199 复制DOI
    作者列表:Safwan Ali Khan M,Khatoon N,Al-Sanea MM,Gamal Mahmoud M,Rahman HU
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A methanolic extract of T. coriacea leaves was studied in albino Wistar rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema, an acute model, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma, a chronic model, at 3 oral test doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Aspirin 100 mg/kg was used as a positive control. Paw volume and wet and dry weights of cotton pellets were determined. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test. RESULTS:The test extract at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg decreased paw volume and wet and dry weights of cotton pellets. The highest test dose (500 mg/kg) displayed a response comparable to that of the standard drug (p < 0.01) on paw volume. The extract produced similar (p < 0.05) decrease in wet weight of the cotton pellet at 125 and 250 mg/kg, whereas the effect of 500 mg/kg of the extract was comparable to that of aspirin 100 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The extract of T. coriacea at 500 mg/kg induced the most significant (p < 0.01) effect on wet weight of granulomatous tissue. CONCLUSION:The methanolic extract of T. coriacea leaves successfully decreased paw edema as well as dry and wet weights of granulomatous tissue in both acute and chronic inflammatory models thus confirming the anti- edematogenic, antitransudative, and antiproliferative properties of T. coriacea.
    背景与目标: 目的:本研究旨在评价榄仁(Terminalia coriacea)甲醇提取物的抗炎活性。
    材料与方法:在3种口服试验剂量下,在患有角叉菜胶诱发的爪水肿(急性模型)和棉丸诱发的肉芽肿(慢性模型)的白化病Wistar大鼠中研究了紫T叶的甲醇提取物(125、250,和500 mg / kg)。阿司匹林100 mg / kg用作阳性对照。测定棉花粒料的爪体积和湿重和干重。数据通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA),然后进行邓尼特的多重比较检验进行分析。
    结果:125和250 mg / kg剂量的测试提取物减少了棉花粒的爪体积和干湿重。最高测试剂量(500 mg / kg)在爪子体积上显示出与标准药物相当的响应(p <0.01)。提取物在125和250 mg / kg时棉团的湿重降低程度相似(p <0.05),而500 mg / kg提取物的效果与阿司匹林100 mg / kg相当(p <0.01) )。 500 mg / kg的T草提取物对肉芽肿组织的湿重产生最显着的影响(p <0.01)。
    结论:在急性和慢性炎症模型中,桔梗叶的甲醇提取物均能成功减轻爪水肿以及肉芽肿组织的干重和湿重,从而证实了桔梗的抗水肿,抗渗出和抗增殖特性。
  • 【法属圭亚那棱皮龟(Dermochelys coriacea)中微量元素的母体转移。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.05.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Guirlet E,Das K,Girondot M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In sea turtles, parental investment is limited to the nutrients and energy invested in eggs that will support embryonic development. Leatherback females have the largest clutches with the biggest eggs of the sea turtles and the highest reproductive output in reptiles. The migration between foraging sites and nesting beaches also represents high energy expenditure. The toxicokinetic of pollutants in the tissues is thus expected to vary during those periods but there is a lack of information in reptiles. Concentrations of essential (Copper, Zinc, Selenium) and non-essentials elements (Cadmium, Lead, Mercury) were determined in blood (n=78) and eggs (n=76) of 46 free-ranging leatherback females collected in French Guiana. Maternal transfer to eggs and relationships between blood and eggs concentrations during the nesting season were investigated. All trace elements were detectable in both tissues. Levels of toxic metals were lower than essential elements likely due to the high pelagic nature of leatherbacks that seems to limit exposure to toxic elements. Significant relationships between blood and egg concentrations were observed for Se and Cd. Se could have an important role in embryonic development of leatherback turtles and Cd transfer could be linked to similar carrier proteins as Se. Finally, as multiple clutches were sampled from each female, trends in trace elements were investigated along the nesting season. No change was observed in eggs but changes were recorded in blood concentrations of Cu. Cu level decreased while blood Pb levels increased through the nesting season. The high demand on the body during the breeding season seems to affect blood Cu concentrations. Calcium requirement for egg production with concomitant Pb mobilization could explain the increase in blood Pb concentrations along the nesting season.
    背景与目标: :在海龟中,父母的投资仅限于鸡蛋中支持胚胎发育的营养和能量投资。棱皮龟雌性最大,海龟卵最大,爬行动物的繁殖产量最高。觅食地和巢滩之间的迁移也代表了高能耗。因此,预计组织中污染物的毒代动力学在这些时期会有所不同,但爬行动物缺乏信息。在法属圭亚那采集的46只自由放养的棱皮雌性动物的血液(n = 78)和卵(n = 76)中,测定了必需元素(铜,锌,硒)和非必需元素(镉,铅,汞)的浓度。研究了产蛋期间母体向卵子的转移以及血液和卵子浓度之间的关系。在两个组织中都可检测到所有微量元素。有毒金属的水平低于必需元素,这可能是由于棱皮龟的深浮游性质似乎限制了有毒元素的暴露。硒和镉的血液和鸡蛋浓度之间存在显着关系。硒可能在棱皮龟的胚胎发育中起重要作用,镉的转移可能与硒类似的载体蛋白有关。最后,由于从每只雌性身上采集了多个离合器,因此调查了筑巢季节中微量元素的趋势。鸡蛋中未观察到变化,但血液中铜的浓度却记录了变化。在整个产蛋季节中,铜含量下降而血液铅含量上升。在繁殖季节对身体的高需求似乎影响血液中铜的浓度。伴随动员铅生产鸡蛋所需要的钙,可以解释整个巢期血铅浓度的增加。
  • 【Annona coriacea种子中凝集素的纯化和鉴定。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2174/0929866033479103 复制DOI
    作者列表:Coelho MB,Freire Md,Toyama MH,Marangoni S,Novello JC,Macedo ML
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A novel lectin, denominated ACLEC, was isolated from Annona coriacea seeds, belonging to the Annonaceae family. The lectin presented one protein band in SDS-PAGE of 14 kDa. Of the sugars tested, Dglucose and D-mannose were the best inhibitors. A search sequence database showed that ACLEC had homology with other plant lectins, belonging to leguminous lectin family.
    背景与目标: :从属于番荔枝科的番荔枝科Annona coriacea种子中分离出一种新的凝集素,命名为ACLEC。凝集素在14 kDa的SDS-PAGE中呈现一个蛋白条带。在测试的糖中,葡萄糖和D-甘露糖是最好的抑制剂。搜索序列数据库显示ACLEC与其他植物凝集素有同源性,属于豆科植物凝集素家族。
  • 【Palicourea coriacea(Cham。)K Schum的利尿活性和急性口服毒性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Freitas PC,Pucci LL,Vieira MS,Lino RS Jr,Oliveira CM,Cunha LC,Paula JR,Valadares MC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM OF THE STUDY:Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K Schum, is an endemic plant used in the Midwestern Region of Brazil, popularly known as "douradinha do campo" and "congonha do campo". This plant has been used in traditional medicine for several ailments, especially to treat kidney diseases. Since no formal studies on the biological activities and medicinal properties of the ethanolic extract of Palicourea coriacea (PCEE) have been carried out previously, the present study represents the first research into the efficacy of this plant as a diuretic agent employing laboratory rats as test animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS:For diuretic activity evaluation we assayed three doses of PCEE (20, 40 and 80mg/kg) and measurement of the urinary volume and electrolytes (Na(+), K(+)) concentration were taken. The acute oral toxicity of PCEE was investigated according to OECD Guideline 423. RESULTS:The oral administration of a single dose of PCEE significantly increased the urinary volume in 24h. Additionally, the treatment with PCEE increased, in a dose-dependent manner, the excretion of both, Na(+) and K(+). No sign of toxicity was observed in the animals. CONCLUSIONS:The present study confirmed the ethnopharmacological use of Palicourea coriacea as a diuretic agent in the experimental condition tested here. Additionally, this work supports the importance of the preservation of local knowledge as well as the conservation of Brazilian biodiversity.
    背景与目标: 研究目的:Palicourea coriacea(Cham。K Schum)是一种在巴西中西部地区使用的特有植物,俗称“ douradinha do campo”和“ congonha do campo”。该植物已在传统医学中用于多种疾病,尤其是治疗肾脏疾病。由于先前尚未进行正式的研究,以对palicourea coriacea(PCEE)的乙醇提取物的生物学活性和药用特性进行过正式研究,因此,本研究代表了该植物作为利尿剂的功效的首次研究,采用实验室大鼠作为实验动物。
    材料和方法:为了评估利尿活性,我们测定了三剂PCEE(20、40和80mg / kg),并测量了尿量和电解质(Na(),K())浓度。根据OECD准则423对PCEE的急性口服毒性进行了研究。
    结果:口服单剂PCEE可显着增加24h的尿量。此外,用PCEE进行的治疗以剂量依赖性方式增加了Na()和K()的排泄。在动物中未观察到毒性迹象。
    结论:本研究证实了在本文测试的实验条件下民族药理学用途为将palicourea coriacea用作利尿剂。此外,这项工作支持保存当地知识以及保护巴西生物多样性的重要性。
  • 【棱皮龟Dermochelys coriacea中肌肉组织代谢的热独立性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s1095-6433(98)00024-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Penick DN,Spotila JR,O'Connor MP,Steyermark AC,George RH,Salice CJ,Paladino FV
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Polyethylene glycol gut lavage is an effective bowel preparation for colonoscopy. The quality of the preparation is not uniform however, and most studies report a rate of suboptimal cleansing of 10 percent or more. One of the possible reasons for a poor preparation is the length of time between the lavage and the examination. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of timing of polyethylene glycol gut lavage on the quality of the preparation achieved. METHODS:Patients referred for elective outpatient colonoscopy with afternoon appointments were randomized to take polyethylene glycol gut lavage either the same morning as their examination (Group 1) or the afternoon of the day before (Group 2). The colonoscopist was unaware of the preparation timing until after the examination was over. During the examination the endoscopist scored the quality of bowel preparation in the cecum, ascending colon, and transverse and left colon. Patient demographics and clinical data were recorded. RESULTS:There were 157 patients in Group 1 (colonoscopy complete in 152 patients) and 160 in Group 2 (colonoscopy complete in 159 patients). The groups were similar in age and gender, indication for colonoscopy, and previous colonic surgery. Patients who drank gut lavage on the morning of their colonoscopy had a greatly better preparation in all areas of the colon than the patients who took their preparation the night before. In the cecum, 97 Group 1 patients had an excellent preparation (vs. 14 Group 2 patients), 45 had a good preparation (vs. 103 Group 2 patients), and 10 had a fair preparation (vs. 33 Group 2 patients). In the ascending colon, numbers of patients with excellent, good, fair, and poor results were 103, 45, 5, and 0 for Group 1 and 12, 107, 32, and 7 for Group 2. Results in the transverse and left colons were 102, 50, 5, 0 and 93, 55, 7, 2 for Group 1 and 15, 116, 27, 5 and 18, 114, 24, 3 for Group 2, respectively. CONCLUSION:The timing of administration of polyethylene glycol-based gut lavage is a major determinant of the quality of the bowel preparation achieved.
    背景与目标: 目的:灌洗聚乙二醇是肠镜检查的有效肠道准备。但是,制剂的质量并不统一,大多数研究报告称次优清洁率达10%或更高。准备不充分的可能原因之一是灌洗和检查之间的时间间隔。这项研究的目的是评估定时灌洗聚乙二醇对制备质量的影响。
    方法:将接受择期门诊结肠镜检查并下午预约的患者在检查的同一天早上(第1组)或前一天下午(第2组)随机抽取聚乙二醇肠灌洗液。结肠镜检查者直到检查结束才知道准备时间。在检查过程中,内镜医师对盲肠,升结肠,横结肠和左结肠的肠准备质量进行了评分。记录患者的人口统计资料和临床数据。
    结果:第一组157例(结肠镜检查完成152例),第二组160例(结肠镜检查完成159例)。两组的年龄和性别,结肠镜检查指征和以前的结肠手术相似。在结肠镜检查的早晨喝肠道灌洗的患者在结肠的所有区域的准备要比前一天晚上进行肠道准备的患者好得多。在盲肠中,有97例第一组患者具有良好的准备(对14例第二组患者),45例具有良好的制剂(对103例第二组患者)和10例具有良好的制剂(对33例第二组患者)。在升结肠中,第1组的结果为优异,良好,中等和较差的患者数量分别为103、45、5和0,第2组的结果为12、107、32和7。第1组分别为102、50、5、0和93、55、7、2,第2组分别为15、116、27、5和18、114、24、3。
    结论:基于聚乙二醇的肠灌洗的给药时间是决定肠准备质量的主要决定因素。

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