• 【来自未恢复亚种群的大西洋棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)的近岸新生儿扩散。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-75769-0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hoover AL,Shillinger GL,Williamson SA,Reina RD,Bailey H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The cryptic 'lost years' of sea turtles challenge conservation efforts due to unknown movements and habitat utilisation of young life stages. Behavioural information strengthens dispersal and habitat utilisation models estimating unidentified movements. In this study, leatherback hatchlings were actively tracked with miniature acoustic tags off the east coast of Costa Rica for 83.15 min (± 9.12 SD) to determine their movements and swimming behaviour. Drifters were deployed throughout the tracking process to obtain surface current data. Hatchling (n = 42) over-ground and in-water swimming speed and bearing were calculated. Mean over-ground distance travelled was 2.03 km (± 0.71 km SD) with an over-ground average swim speed of 0.41 m/s (± 0.15 m/s SD). Mean bearing was 108.08° (± 20.19° SD) compared to the 137.56° (± 44.00° SD) bearing of nearshore ocean currents during tracking. Hatchling mean in-water swimming speed was 0.25 m/s (± 0.09 m/s SD). The lower in-water speed suggests hatchlings were advected by the currents, with overall movement strongly influenced by the current direction. This information can be assimilated into broader spatiotemporal distribution models to interpret the influence of directional swimming on ecosystem utilisation and help to achieve informed management decisions across all life stages of the population.
    背景与目标: :由于未知的运动和年轻生命阶段的栖息地利用,海龟隐秘的“失落的岁月”向保护工作提出了挑战。行为信息加强了估计未知运动的分散和栖息地利用模型。在这项研究中,在哥斯达黎加东海岸外的小型声学标签上积极追踪了棱皮背孵化器83.15分钟(±9.12 SD),以确定它们的运动和游泳行为。在整个跟踪过程中都部署了漂移器以获得地面电流数据。计算出幼雏(n = 42)的地上和水下游泳速度及方位。平均地面上行驶距离为2.03 km(±0.71 km SD),地面平均游泳速度为0.41 m / s(±0.15 m / s SD)。跟踪期间,近岸洋流的平均方位角为108.08°(±20.19°SD),而近岸洋流的方位角为137.56°(±44.00°SD)。幼体在水中的平均游泳速度为0.25m / s(±0.09m / s SD)。较低的水下速度表明,孵化场受到水流的影响,总体运动受到水流方向的强烈影响。可以将这些信息吸收到更广泛的时空分布模型中,以解释定向游泳对生态系统利用的影响,并有助于在整个人口的整个生命阶段中做出明智的管理决策。
  • 【棱皮海龟Dermochelys coriacea的盐和水调节作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Reina RD,Jones TT,Spotila JR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We measured the salt and water balance of hatchling leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, during their first few days of life to investigate how they maintain homeostasis under the osmoregulatory challenge of a highly desiccating terrestrial environment and then a hyperosmotic marine environment. Hatchlings desiccated rapidly when denied access to sea water, with their hematocrit increasing significantly from 30.32+/-0.54 % to 38.51+/-1.35 % and plasma Na(+) concentration increasing significantly from 138.2+/-3.3 to 166.2+/-11.2 mmol l(-1) in 12 h. When hatchlings were subsequently put into sea water, hematocrit decreased and plasma Na(+) concentration was unchanged but both were significantly elevated above pretreatment values. In other hatchlings kept in sea water for 48 h, body mass and plasma Na(+) concentration increased significantly, but hematocrit did not increase. These data show that hatchlings were able to osmoregulate effectively and gain mass by drinking sea water. We stimulated hatchlings to secrete salt from the salt glands by injecting a salt load of 27 mmol kg(-1). The time taken for secretion to begin in newly hatched turtles was longer than that in 4-day-old hatchlings, but the secretory response was identical at 4.15+/-0.40 and 4.13+/-0.59 mmol Na(+) kg(-1) h(-1) respectively. Adrenaline and methacholine were both potent inhibitors of salt gland secretion in a dose-dependent manner, although methacholine administered simultaneously with a subthreshold salt load elicited a transient secretory response. The results showed that hatchling leatherbacks are able to tolerate significant changes in internal composition and efficiently use their salt glands to establish internal ionic and water balance when in sea water.
    背景与目标: :我们测量了刚孵化的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)在出生后的头几天的盐和水平衡,以研究它们如何在高度干燥的陆地环境以及高渗海洋环境的渗透调节挑战下保持体内稳态。孵化场被拒绝获取海水后迅速干燥,其血细胞比容从30.32 /-0.54%显着增加到38.51 /-1.35%,血浆Na()浓度从138.2 /-3.3显着增加到166.2 /-11.2 mmol l(-1) )在12小时内。随后将孵化器放入海水中时,血细胞比容降低,血浆Na()浓度不变,但均显着高于预处理值。在海水中放置48小时的其他孵化场中,体重和血浆Na()浓度显着增加,但血细胞比容却没有增加。这些数据表明,孵化场能够有效渗透,并通过喝海水而增重。我们通过注入27 mmol kg(-1)的盐负荷来刺激幼鱼从盐腺分泌盐。新孵化的海龟开始分泌所需的时间比4天龄的幼龟要长,但分泌反应在4.15 /-0.40和4.13 /-0.59 mmol Na()kg(-1)h( -1)。肾上腺素和乙酰甲胆碱均是剂量依赖性的强效盐腺分泌抑制剂,尽管在低于阈值的盐负荷下同时施用乙酰甲胆碱会引起短暂的分泌反应。结果表明,在海水中孵化的棱皮龟能够耐受内部组成的重大变化,并能有效利用其盐腺来建立内部离子和水的平衡。
  • 【HPLC-Q-Orbitrap对来自Annona coriacea(Annonaceae)叶片中产乙酸素的定性分析及其对口腔病原体的抗菌潜力。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/14786419.2020.1803312 复制DOI
    作者列表:Terezan AP,Junqueira JGM,Wakui VG,Kato L,Oliveira CMA,Martins CHG,Santiago MB,Severino VGP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Araticum is an edible and appreciable fruit of Annona coriacea, which is popularly known as a traditional herb in the Brazilian cerrado. A phytochemical study from the leaves of A. coriacea showed that HPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap® provided through PRM experiments (MS2) is an efficient method for the fast and accurate analysis of a complex mixture of annonaceous acetogenins, with the identification of sylvaticin and gigantetrocin-A type acetogenins for the first time. In addition, the crude leaf extract and acetogenin-rich fractions were assayed against Streptococcus mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguinis and S. salivarius strains, which are usually related to oral infections.
    背景与目标: :Araticum是番荔枝科Annona coriacea的一种可食用且可观的水果,在巴西的塞拉多(Cerrado)中被普遍称为传统草药。 cor科植物叶子的植物化学研究表明,通过PRM实验(MS2)提供的HPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap®是一种快速,准确地分析壬基产乙酸原的复杂混合物并鉴定西维替丁的有效方法。以及首次使用大型葡萄球菌素A型产乙酸原素。此外,还测定了粗制叶提取物和富含促乙素的级分对变形链球菌,链球菌,血红链球菌和唾液链球菌的抵抗力,这些菌株通常与口腔感染有关。
  • 【柯氏夜蛾科茎的二氯甲烷提取物对小鼠和大鼠的初步毒性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.013 复制DOI
    作者列表:Obici S,Otobone FJ,da Silva Sela VR,Ishida K,da Silva JC,Nakamura CV,Garcia Cortez DA,Audi EA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. (Clusiaceae), known as "Pau Santo" or "Saco de Boi" in the central Brazilian plateau region, is used to treat several tropical diseases. The present study evaluated the toxic effects of dichloromethane (DcM) extract of Kielmeyera coriacea stems, administered to rodents. In the acute toxicity tests, mice receiving doses of this extract by the oral and intraperitoneal routes, showed reversible effects, with LD50 values of 1503.0 and 538.8 mg/kg, respectively. In the repeated-dose oral (90 days) toxicity tests, male and female Wistar rats were treated by gavage with different doses of DcM extract (5, 25 or 125 mg/kg). In biochemical and haematological evaluations, the results varied widely in respect to dose and sex, with no linear profile, and did not show clinical correlations. In the histopathological examinations, the groups exhibited some changes, but there were no significant differences between the groups compared to the controls. In conclusion, these investigations appeared to indicate the safety of acute and repeated oral administration of the DcM extract of Kielmeyera coriacea stems, which can therefore be continuously used with safety.
    背景与目标: :基尔米耶拉(Kielmeyera)coriacea Mart。 (Clusiaceae),在巴西中部高原地区被称为“ Pau Santo”或“ Saco de Boi”,用于治疗几种热带病。本研究评估了施用给啮齿动物的Kielmeyera coriacea茎的二氯甲烷(DcM)提取物的毒性作用。在急性毒性试验中,通过口服和腹膜内途径接受这种提取物剂量的小鼠表现出可逆的作用,LD50值分别为1503.0和538.8 mg / kg。在重复剂量的口服(90天)毒性试验中,用不同剂量的DcM提取物(5、25或125 mg / kg)管饲雄性和雌性Wistar大鼠。在生化和血液学评估中,结果在剂量和性别方面差异很大,没有线性关系,也没有显示临床相关性。在组织病理学检查中,各组表现出一些变化,但是与对照组相比,各组之间没有显着差异。总之,这些研究似乎表明,急性和反复口服给予柯氏夜蛾科茎DcM提取物的安全性,因此可以安全地连续使用。
  • 【评估桔梗(Kielmeyera coriacea)茎中二氯甲烷馏分的抗焦虑和全溶作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2011.08.067 复制DOI
    作者列表:Biesdorf C,Cortez DA,Audi EA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. (Calophyllaceae) is known popularly as "Pau Santo". The hydroethanolic extract (HE) of Kielmeyera coriacea stems and its semi-pure dichloromethane (DCM) constituent produced an antidepressant-like effect in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated administration (21 days) by gavage of the DCM fraction (5, 10 or 15mg/kg) in rats submitted to the elevated T-maze (ETM), a model of generalized anxiety and panic disorders. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (15mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Rat locomotion was assessed using the open field test (OFT) following each drug treatment. The 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone (1), aucuparin (2), swertinin (3), 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone (4) and 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone (5) were identified in DCM fraction, and suggest that the xanthone (4) is related with the antidepressant-like profile of this plant. Pharmacological evaluation showed that DCM fraction (10 and 15 mg/kg) decreased the inhibitory avoidance latency from the closed arm and increased the one-way escape latency from the open arm in the ETM, which is indicative of anxiolytic and panicolytic effects, respectively, as occurs with the positive control, imipramine (15 mg/kg), when compared to their control group (vehicle). Locomotor activity was not significantly altered by the different treatments. This study suggests that the DCM fraction from stems of Kielmeyera coriacea can be an important therapeutic alternative in the treatment of anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety and panic disorders.
    背景与目标: :基尔米耶拉(Kielmeyera)coriacea Mart。 (Calophyllaceae)俗称“ Pau Santo”。桔梗(Kielmeyera coriacea)茎的氢乙醇提取物(HE)及其半纯二氯甲烷(DCM)成分在大鼠中产生了抗抑郁样作用。这项研究的目的是通过强饲T-迷宫(ETM)(一种普遍性焦虑模型)对DCM分数(5、10或15mg / kg)进行灌胃来研究重复给药(21天)的效果和恐慌症。三环抗抑郁药丙咪嗪(15mg / kg)用作阳性对照。每次药物治疗后,使用开场试验(OFT)评估大鼠的运动能力。 2-羟基-1-甲氧基黄酮(1),奥卡泊林(2),swertinin(3),1,3,7-三羟基-2-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)-蒽酮(4)和1,3在DCM馏分中鉴定出了5-5-羟基-2-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)-x吨酮(5),这表明an吨酮(4)与该植物的抗抑郁样特征有关。药理学评估表明,DCM组分(10和15 mg / kg)减少了ETM中封闭臂的抑制回避潜伏期,并增加了开放臂中单向逃避潜伏期,这分别表明了抗焦虑和panicolytic的作用,与阳性对照组(媒介物)相比,丙咪嗪(15 mg / kg)会发生这种情况。通过不同的治疗方法,运动能力没有明显改变。这项研究表明,来自Kielmeyera coriacea茎的DCM馏分可能是治疗焦虑症(如广泛性焦虑症和恐慌症)的重要治疗选择。
  • 【Kielmeyera coriacea提取物对大鼠肝脏能量代谢的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2005.09.036 复制DOI
    作者列表:Zagoto JN,Bracht A,Pagadigorria CL,Ishii-Iwamoto EL,Cortez DA,Yamamoto NS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Kielmeyera coriacea Mart is a medicinal plant of the Clusiacea (Guttiferae) family used by the native population of Brazil in the treatment of several tropical diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and fungal or bacterial infections. Kielmeyera coriacea is also effective as an antidepressant drug. Extracts of the plant are rich in xanthones. Compounds of this class have been reported to inhibit mitochondrial energy metabolism. For this reason the action of the Kielmeyera coriacea extract on hepatic energy metabolism was investigated in the present work, using isolated rat liver mitochondria and the perfused rat liver. In perfused livers the extract (20-80 microg/ml) caused stimulation of oxygen consumption, inhibition of gluconeogenesis and stimulation of glycogenolysis and glycolysis. In isolated mitochondria the Kielmeyera coriacea extract (5-20 microg/ml) stimulated state IV respiration, reduced the ADP/O ratio and decreased the respiratory coefficient. The activities of succinate-oxidase, NADH-oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase were inhibited. The ATPase of intact mitochondria was stimulated and the ATPase of uncoupled mitochondria was inhibited. The results of this investigation suggest that the Kielmeyera coriacea extract impairs the hepatic energy metabolism by acting as mitochondrial uncoupler and inhibitor of enzymatic activities linked to the respiratory chain. The impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism could lead to adverse metabolic effects by the use of the crude extract, but it could equally be the basis of its antiprotozoan and antifungal effects.
    背景与目标: :Kielmeyera coriacea Mart是Clusiacea(Guttiferae)家族的药用植物,巴西本地居民用于治疗几种热带疾病,例如疟疾,血吸虫病,利什曼病以及真菌或细菌感染。 Kielmeyera coriacea也有效作为抗抑郁药。该植物的提取物富含氧杂蒽酮。据报道,这类化合物可抑制线粒体能量代谢。因此,在本研究中,使用分离的大鼠肝线粒体和灌流的大鼠肝脏,研究了柯氏杆菌提取物对肝能量代谢的作用。在灌注肝脏中,提取物(20-80微克/毫升)刺激了耗氧量,抑制了糖异生,并刺激了糖原分解和糖酵解。在分离的线粒体中,桔梗提取物(5-20​​微克/毫升)刺激了IV型呼吸,降低了ADP / O比并降低了呼吸系数。琥珀酸氧化酶,NADH氧化酶,NADH脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性受到抑制。刺激完整线粒体的ATPase,抑制未偶联线粒体的ATPase。这项研究的结果表明,Kielmeyera coriacea提取物通过充当线粒体解偶联剂和与呼吸链有关的酶活性抑制剂,损害了肝能量代谢。线粒体能量代谢的损害可通过使用粗提物而导致不利的代谢作用,但同样可以作为其抗原生动物和抗真菌作用的基础。
  • 【菊苣科植物茎中的one吨酮对正中缝核的血清素能神经元的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sela VR,Hattanda I,Albrecht CM,De Almeida CB,Obici S,Cortez DA,Audi EA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. (Clusiaceae), known as "Pau Santo", is used to treat several tropical diseases. The hydroethanolic extract (HE) of Kielmeyera coriacea stems and its semi-pure dichloromethane constituent (DCM) produced an anti-immobility effect in rats submitted to the forced swimming test (FST), suggesting a antidepressant-like profile. This study evaluated the effect of intra-median raphe nucleus (MRN) microinjection of 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone, present in large quantity in the HE from Kielmeyera coriacea stems, on immobility behaviour in the FST in rats. The effects of xanthone were compared with intra-MRN microinjections of Way100635 (5-HT1A antagonist) or (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A agonist). Locomotor activity in the open-field test (OFT) was evaluated as a complementary measure. Xanthone (0.3ng) or Way100635 (2.5microg) reduced, whereas (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5.0microg) increased immobility time in the FST. Way100635 (2.5 or 5.0microg) completely reversed the effects of (+) 8-OHDPAT (5.0microg), and potentiated the anti-immobility effect of the ineffective dose of xanthone (0.2ng) in the FST. The association of effective doses of (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5.0microg) and xanthone (0.3ng) annulled the effect of each compound on immobility time. These results suggest that xanthone acts as an antagonist at 5-HT1A autoreceptors in MRN and increases serotonin (5-HT) availability in projection regions, proving to be a prototype drug that may be useful in mood isorders such as depression, or indeed be a beneficial adjunctive treatment improving the efficacy and/or accelerating the effects of antidepressant drugs in patients with major depression.
    背景与目标: :基尔米耶拉(Kielmeyera)coriacea Mart。 (Clusiaceae),被称为“ Pau Santo”,用于治疗几种热带疾病。菊苣茎杆的氢乙醇提取物(HE)及其半纯二氯甲烷成分(DCM)在接受强迫游泳试验(FST)的大鼠中产生了抗固定作用,表明其具有类似抗抑郁药的特性。这项研究评估了Kielmeyera coriacea茎中大量存在于HE中的1,3,7-三羟基-2-(3-甲基丁-2-烯基)-蒽酮对中缝内核(MRN)显微注射的影响,在大鼠FST中的不动行为将x吨酮的作用与Way100635(5-HT1A拮抗剂)或()8-OH-DPAT(5-HT1A激动剂)的MRN显微注射进行了比较。开放场测试(OFT)中的运动活动被评估为一项补充措施。黄酮(0.3ng)或Way100635(2.5microg)减少,而()8-OH-DPAT(5.0microg)增加了FST中的固定时间。 Way100635(2.5或5.0microg)完全逆转了()8-OHDPAT(5.0microg)的作用,并增强了FST中无效剂量的蒽酮(0.2ng)的抗固定作用。有效剂量的()8-OH-DPAT(5.0microg)和x吨酮(0.3ng)的结合消除了每种化合物对固定时间的影响。这些结果表明,an吨酮可作为MRN中5-HT1A自身受体的拮抗剂,并增加投射区域的5-羟色胺(5-HT)利用率,被证明是一种原型药物,可用于情绪障碍(例如抑郁症),或者确实是一种抑郁症。有益的辅助治疗可改善重度抑郁症患者的抗抑郁药的疗效和/或加速其作用。
  • 【孵化的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea L.)和(Caretta caretta L.)海龟的离体视网膜的频率响应特性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.12.017 复制DOI
    作者列表:Horch K,Salmon M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Electroretinographic recordings were made from hatchling loggerhead and leatherback sea turtle eyecup preparations during presentation of sinusoidally modulated lights of different frequencies, mean intensities and colors. Cross-correlation analysis was performed to determine the extent to which the responses followed the intensity modulated light sources. For both species mean light intensity had no significant effect on the frequency modulated responses over a 1.5 log unit range of intensities. Both species showed the best following to blue light and the poorest tracking to red light. Leatherback retinas did not follow frequencies above 10 Hz, while loggerhead responses extended out to 15 Hz. These visual low pass filter characteristics are consistent with attributes of the visual ecology of each species, as well as with the latencies and slow rise times exhibited by these retinas to brief flashes of light.
    背景与目标: :视网膜电图记录是在呈现不同频率,平均强度和颜色的正弦调制光时,用孵化的logger和棱皮海龟眼罩制备的。进行互相关分析以确定响应遵循强度调制光源的程度。在强度的1.5 log单位范围内,两种物质的平均光强度对调频响应均无显着影响。两种物种对蓝光的追踪最佳,对红光的追踪最差。棱皮视网膜未遵循高于10 Hz的频率,而的响应扩展至15 Hz。这些视觉低通滤波器的特性与每种物种的视觉生态属性以及这些视网膜对短暂闪光所表现出的潜伏期和缓慢上升时间相一致。
  • 【来自巴西海岸的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)的遗传多样性和起源。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/jhered/esm120 复制DOI
    作者列表:Vargas SM,Araújo FC,Monteiro DS,Estima SC,Almeida AP,Soares LS,Santos FR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) population that nests in Brazil is restricted to a few individuals, but high densities of pelagic individuals are observed along the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast. We investigated the diversity of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in order to understand the relationship between nesting and pelagic leatherbacks from Brazil and elsewhere. High-quality 711-bp sequences were generated, analyzed, and compared with published data from worldwide populations. We detected the presence of shared haplotypes between nesting and pelagic aggregates from Brazil, as well as haplotypes shared with other nesting areas from the Atlantic and Pacific. Furthermore, the use of longer control region sequences allowed the subdivision of the common Atlantic haplotype A into 3 different haplotypes (A1, A3, and A4), thus improving the resolution of mtDNA-based leatherback phylogeography. The use of longer sequences partially supported a closer association between nesting and pelagic individuals from Brazil and pointed to a complex origin for the pelagic individuals in the Brazilian coast.
    背景与目标: :在巴西筑巢的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)种群仅限于少数个体,但是在巴西南部和东南部沿海观察到高密度的浮游鱼类。我们研究了线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区的多样性,以了解来自巴西和其他地方的筑巢和中上皮棱皮动物之间的关系。生成,分析了高质量的711-bp序列,并将其与来自全球人群的已发布数据进行了比较。我们检测到来自巴西的巢穴和中上层骨料之间存在共享的单体型,以及与来自大西洋和太平洋的其他巢穴区域共享的单体型。此外,使用更长的控制区序列可以将常见的大西洋单倍型A细分为3种不同的单倍型(A1,A3和A4),从而提高了基于mtDNA的棱皮植物系统学的分辨率。较长序列的使用部分地支持了来自巴西的中上层个体与筑巢个体之间的紧密联系,并指出了巴西海岸中上层个体的复杂起源。
  • 【棱皮龟Dermochelys coriacea表现出一夫多妻制和一夫多妻制。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01591.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Crim JL,Spotila LD,Spotila JR,O'Connor M,Reina R,Williams CJ,Paladino FV
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is an endangered species, and world-wide populations are declining. To understand better the mating structure of this pelagic and fragile species, we investigated paternity in nearly 1000 hatchlings from Playa Grande in Parque Marino Nacional Las Baulas, Costa Rica. We collected DNA samples from 36 adult female leatherbacks and assessed allele frequency distributions for three microsatellite loci. For 20 of these 36 females, we examined DNA from hatchlings representing multiple clutches, and in some cases assessed up to four successive clutches from the same female. We inferred paternal alleles by comparing maternal and hatchling genotypes. We could not reject the null hypothesis of single paternity in 12 of 20 families (31 of 50 clutches), but we did reject the null hypothesis in two families (eight of 50 clutches). In the remaining six families, the null hypothesis could not be accepted or rejected with certainty because the number of hatchlings exhibiting extra nonmaternal alleles was small, and could thus be a result of mutation or sample error. Successive clutches laid by the same female had the same paternal allelic contribution, indicating sperm storage or possibly monogamy. None of 20 females shared the same three-locus genotype whereas there were two instances of shared genotypes among 17 inferred paternal three-locus genotypes. We conclude that both polyandry and polygyny are part of the mating structure of this leatherback sea turtle population.
    背景与目标: :棱皮龟(Dermochelys coriacea)是一种濒临灭绝的物种,世界范围内的种群正在减少。为了更好地了解这种中上层和脆弱物种的交配结构,我们调查了哥斯达黎加马里诺国家公园Las Baulas的Playa Grande的近1000头幼鱼的亲子关系。我们收集了36个成年雌性棱皮动物的DNA样本,并评估了三个微卫星基因座的等位基因频率分布。对于这36只雌性动物中的20只,我们检查了代表多个离合器的幼体的DNA,在某些情况下,评估了同一只雌性的多达四个连续离合器。我们通过比较母体和孵化基因型来推断父本等位基因。我们不能拒绝20个家庭中的12个家庭(50个离合器中的31个)的单亲身份零假设,但我们确实拒绝了两个家庭(50个离合器中的八个)的零假设。在剩余的六个家族中,零假设不能被确定性地接受或拒绝,因为表现出额外的非母亲等位基因的幼体数量很少,因此可能是突变或样本错误的结果。同一雌性产下的连续离合器具有相同的父本等位基因贡献,表明精子储存或一夫一妻制。 20名女性中没有一个具有相同的三基因座基因型,而在17个推断的父系三基因座基因型中有两个共享基因型的实例。我们得出的结论是,一夫多妻制和一夫多妻制都是该棱皮海龟种群交配结构的一部分。
  • 【巢环境对棱皮龟胚胎(Dermochelys coriacea)发育过程中钙动员的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00374-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bilinski JJ,Reina RD,Spotila JR,Paladino FV
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We investigated the effect of sand moisture content and sand temperature on developmental success and the mobilization of calcium during development using laboratory incubated eggs (n=251) collected from leatherbacks nesting at Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, Costa Rica. Calcium concentrations of egg components [eggshell, yolk plus albumen (Y+A) and embryo] changed significantly through incubation for both viable and undeveloped eggs. In developed eggs, eggshell calcium content decreased 42.9% by day 60 of incubation. The Y+A calcium decreased by 20.8% until the last quarter of incubation, and then increased to 0.99% above initial Y+A calcium concentrations just prior to hatching. In undeveloped eggs, eggshell calcium content decreased by 25.7%, with the rate of decrease slowing significantly beyond day 30 of incubation. In contrast, Y+A calcium increased steadily through the 60-day incubation period. Embryos incorporated a higher proportion of calcium when incubated at a lower sand moisture content (5% H(2)O>12% H(2)O) and at lower sand temperatures (28.5 degrees C, 29.5 degrees C>31.0 degrees C). The total wet mass of freshly oviposited eggs was negatively correlated with calcium concentration per gram of eggshell (r=-0.569; P<0.001). Thus, each yolked egg, regardless of initial wet mass, had an average of 1.23 g (+/-0.43 g) of calcium per egg (Mean egg mass: 76.24+/-1.21 g). Both developmental success (24.1%) and hatching success (7.4%) of laboratory-incubated eggs were dependent to a greater extent on temperature than on moisture, with an increase in mortality as sand temperature increased. For natural nests on Playa Grande, developmental success (37.4%) and hatching success (19.8%) were similar in magnitude to the results obtained from the laboratory. The recent ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) event and increased tidal activity may be responsible for the high embryonic mortality measured during the 1997-1998 nesting season.
    背景与目标: :我们使用哥斯达黎加Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas的棱皮背上收集的实验室孵化卵(n = 251),研究了沙子含水量和沙子温度对发育成功和钙在生长过程中动员的影响。通过孵化活的和未发育的卵,卵成分(蛋壳,蛋黄加蛋白(Y A)和胚胎)中的钙浓度发生了显着变化。在孵化的蛋中,到孵化第60天,蛋壳钙含量降低了42.9%。到孵化的最后一个季度,Y A的钙含量下降了20.8%,然后在孵化之前,Y A的钙含量比初始Y A的钙含量增加了0.99%。在未发育的卵中,蛋壳钙含量下降了25.7%,下降速度在孵化30天后明显减慢。相反,在60天的潜伏期中,Y A钙稳定增加。在较低的沙子水分含量(5%H(2)O> 12%H(2)O)和较低的沙子温度(28.5摄氏度,29.5摄氏度> 31.0摄氏度)下孵育时,胚中掺入的钙含量更高。 。新鲜产卵的总湿重与每克蛋壳中的钙浓度呈负相关(r = -0.569; P <0.001)。因此,无论初始湿重如何,每个带蛋的蛋平均每个蛋含钙1.23克(/-0.43克)(平均蛋量:76.24 /-1.21克)。实验室孵化卵的发育成功率(24.1%)和孵化成功率(7.4%)在很大程度上取决于温度而不是水分,并且随着沙温的升高死亡率也增加。对于Playa Grande上的天然巢而言,发育成功率(37.4%)和孵化成功率(19.8%)的数量级与实验室获得的结果相似。最近发生的ENSO(厄尔尼诺南方涛动)事件和潮汐活动增加可能是1997-1998年筑巢季节测得的高胚胎死亡率的原因。
  • 【[人造光对委内瑞拉奇帕拉海滩棱皮海龟Dermochelys coriacea(Testudines:Dermochelyidae)筑巢的影响]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rondón Médicci M,Buitrago J,Mccoy M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The number of Leatherback turtle nests and their spatial distribution was compared between years with and without artificial light, and between dark and lighted beach segments, in Cipara Beach, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. Residents were interviewed to identify their perceptions about the impact of artificial light on sea turtles. Mean volume of sand per meter of beach was larger at La Peña, Cipara and La Remate and smaller at Varadero (p<0.001), increasing from April to June and later decreasing until August (p<0.05). Mean percentage of gravel was higher at Varadero and La Peña, and lower at La Remate and Cipara. Most interviewed people said that artificial light does not affect sea turtles. Between 2000 and 2005, 1,217 leatherback landings and 1,056 nests were observed. Successful nests increased with the years (p=0.035) as well as total nest number (p=0.015). From 2000 through 2003 there were 743 landings, 661 nests and 374 clutches. During the two years with electric light (2004-2005), there were 474 landings, 395 nests and 232 clutches. Proportion of landings with nest building decreased significantly during the years with electric light (p=0.005), but nesting success did not vary (p=0.402). No significant difference was found between landings per beach meter in dark and lighted sectors (p=0.244), between nests built (p=0.379) and in the rate of successful nesting (p=0.516). Dark and lighted sectors did not differ in the proportion of landings with nest building (p=0.067) and success rate (p=0.833).
    背景与目标: :比较了委内瑞拉Paria半岛的Cipara海滩上有无人造光的年份和有无暗光的海滩段之间的棱皮海龟巢的数量及其空间分布。采访了居民,以确认他们对人造光对海龟的影响的看法。 LaPeña,Cipara和La Remate的每米海滩平均沙粒量较大,而Varadero则较小(p <0.001),从4月到6月增加,直到8月才减少(p <0.05)。瓦拉德罗和拉佩尼亚的碎石平均百分比较高,而拉雷马特和奇帕拉的碎石平均百分比较低。大多数受访者说,人造光不会影响海龟。在2000年至2005年之间,观察到1,217棱皮龟着陆和1,056个巢穴。成功的巢数随着年数(p = 0.035)以及总巢数(p = 0.015)的增加而增加。从2000年到2003年,共有743处着陆,661处筑巢和374个离合。在使用电灯的两年中(2004年至2005年),有474次着陆,395个巢和232个离合器。随着电灯的普及,筑巢着陆的比例显着下降(p = 0.005),但筑巢成功率没有变化(p = 0.402)。在暗区和亮区(p = 0.244),筑巢之间(p = 0.379)和成功筑巢的速率(p = 0.516)之间,每海滩米的着陆之间没有显着差异。暗区和亮区在筑巢的着陆比例(p = 0.067)和成功率(p = 0.833)方面没有差异。
  • 【监测棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)中的持久性有机污染物可确认母体转移。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.04.042 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stewart KR,Keller JM,Templeton R,Kucklick JR,Johnson C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :To assess threats to endangered species, it is critical to establish baselines for contaminant concentrations that may have detrimental consequences to individuals or populations. We measured contaminants in blubber and fat from dead leatherback turtles and established baselines in blood and eggs in nesting turtles. In fat, blubber, blood and eggs, the predominant PCBs were 153+132, 187+182, 138+163, 118, and 180+193. Total PCBs, 4,4'-DDE, total PBDEs and total chlordanes were significantly and positively correlated between blood and eggs, suggesting maternal transfer. Significant positive relationships also existed between fat and blubber in stranded leatherbacks. Less lipophilic PCBs appeared to more readily transfer from females to their eggs. PBDE profiles in the four tissues were similar to other wildlife populations but different from some turtle studies. Concentrations were lower than those shown to have acute toxic effects in other aquatic reptiles, but may have sub-lethal effects on hatchling body condition and health.
    背景与目标: :为了评估对濒临灭绝物种的威胁,至关重要的是建立可能对个人或种群造成不利影响的污染物浓度的基准。我们测量了死棱皮龟的油脂和脂肪中的污染物,并确定了筑巢龟的血液和鸡蛋中的基线。在脂肪,脂肪,血液和鸡蛋中,主要的多氯联苯为153 132、187 182、138 163、118和180193。总的多氯联苯,4,4'-DDE,总的PBDEs和总的氯丹与血液之间显着正相关和鸡蛋,提示产妇转移。搁浅的棱皮龟的脂肪和脂肪之间也存在着显着的正相关关系。亲脂性PCB越少,似乎越容易从雌性动物转移到卵子中。四个组织中的多溴二苯醚分布与其他野生动植物种群相似,但与一些乌龟研究有所不同。浓度低于对其他水生爬行动物具有急性毒性作用的浓度,但可能对孵化器的身体状况和健康造成亚致死作用。
  • 【棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)中两种新型卵黄蛋白原同工型的基于质谱的测序和基于SRM的定量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1021/pr400444m 复制DOI
    作者列表:Plumel MI,Wasselin T,Plot V,Strub JM,Van Dorsselaer A,Carapito C,Georges JY,Bertile F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :No biomarker has yet been discovered to identify the reproductive status of the endangered leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Although vitellogenin (VTG) could be used for this, its sequence is not known in D. coriacea and no quantitative assay has been carried out in this species to date. Using de novo sequencing-based proteomics, we unambiguously characterized sequences of two different VTG isoforms that we named Dc-VTG1 and Dc-VTG2. To our knowledge, this is the first clear evidence of different VTG isoforms and the structural characterization of derived yolk proteins in reptiles. This work illustrates how massive de novo sequencing can characterize novel sequences when working on "exotic" nonmodel species in which even nucleotide sequences are not available. We developed assays for absolute quantitation of these two isoforms using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry, thus providing the first SRM assays developed specifically for a nonsequenced species. Plasma levels of Dc-VTG1 and Dc-VTG2 decreased as the nesting season proceeded, and were closely related to the increased levels of reproductive effort. The SRM assays developed here therefore provide an original and efficient approach for the reliable monitoring of reproduction cycles not only in D. coriacea, but potentially in other turtle species.
    背景与目标: :尚未发现生物标志物来鉴定濒危棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)的繁殖状况。尽管卵黄蛋白原(VTG)可以用于此,但其序列在D. coriacea中尚不知道,迄今为止,尚未对该种进行定量分析。使用基于从头测序的蛋白质组学,我们明确表征了两个不同的VTG亚型的序列,我们将其命名为Dc-VTG1和Dc-VTG2。据我们所知,这是不同VTG亚型和爬行动物中衍生卵黄蛋白结构特征的第一个明确证据。这项工作说明了大规模的从头测序如何在处理甚至核苷酸序列均不可用的“外来”非模型物种时表征新序列。我们使用选定的反应监测(SRM)质谱技术开发出了这两种同工型的绝对定量分析方法,从而提供了专门针对非序列物种开发的首批SRM分析方法。随着筑巢季节的进行,血浆Dc-VTG1和Dc-VTG2的含量下降,并且与生殖力的增加密切相关。因此,这里开发的SRM分析不仅提供了一种可靠的原始方法,而且不仅可以可靠地监测D. coriacea中的繁殖周期,而且还可以潜在地监控其他龟类中的繁殖周期。
  • 【棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)在海洋中的当前运输。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0036 复制DOI
    作者列表:Luschi P,Sale A,Mencacci R,Hughes GR,Lutjeharms JR,Papi F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :While the long-distance movements of pelagic vertebrates are becoming known thanks to satellite telemetry, the factors determining their courses have hardly been investigated. We have analysed the effects of oceanographic factors on the post-nesting movements of three satellite-tracked leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) moving in the southwest Indian Ocean. By superimposing the turtle tracks on contemporaneous images of sea-surface temperatures and sea height anomalies, we show that currentrelated features dominate the shape of the reconstructed routes. After an initial offshore movement, turtles moved along straight routes when in the core of the current, or executed loops within eddies. Large parts of the routes were strikingly similar to those of surface drifters tracked in the same region. These findings document that long-lasting oceanic movements of marine turtles may be shaped by oceanic currents.
    背景与目标: :尽管借助卫星遥测技术已经了解了远洋脊椎动物的远距离运动,但几乎没有研究确定其航向的因素。我们已经分析了海洋因素对在印度洋西南部移动的三只追踪卫星的棱皮海龟(Dermochelys coriacea)筑巢后运动的影响。通过将海龟轨迹叠加在海面温度和海高异常的同期图像上,我们证明了与当前相关的特征主导着重建路线的形状。在最初的海上运动之后,海龟在当前的核心时沿着笔直的路线移动,或者在涡流中执行循环。这条路线的大部分与在同一地区追踪的地面漂流者极为相似。这些发现证明,海龟的持久海洋运动可能受到洋流的影响。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录