Objects flashed in alignment with moving objects appear to lag behind [Nijhawan, 1994 Nature (London) 370 256-257]. Could this 'flash-lag' effect be due to attentional delays in bringing flashed items to perceptual awareness [Titchener, 1908/1973 Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention first published 1908 (New York: Macmillan); reprinted 1973 (New York: Arno Press)]? We overtly manipulated attentional allocation in three experiments to address the following questions: Is the flash-lag effect affected when attention is (a) focused on a single event in the presence of multiple events, (b) distributed over multiple events, and (c) diverted from the flashed object? To address the first two questions, five rings, moving along a circular path, were presented while observers attentively tracked one or multiple rings under four conditions: the ring in which the disk was flashed was (i) known or (ii) unknown (randomly selected from the set of five); location of the flashed disk was (i) known or (ii) unknown (randomly selected from ten locations). The third question was investigated by using two moving objects in a cost-benefit cueing paradigm. An arrow cued, with 70% or 80% validity, the position of the flashed object. Observers performed two tasks: (a) reacted as quickly as possible to flash onset; (b) reported the flash-lag effect. We obtained a significant and unaltered flash-lag effect under all the attentional conditions we employed. Furthermore, though reaction times were significantly shorter for validly cued flashes, the flash-lag effect remained uninfluenced by cue validity, indicating that quicker responses to validly cued locations may be due to the shortening of post-perceptual delays in motor responses rather than the perceptual facilitation. We conclude that the computations that give rise to the flash-lag effect are independent of attentional deployment.

译文

与移动物体对齐闪烁的物体似乎落后于 [Nijhawan,1994自然 (伦敦) 370 256-257]。这种 “闪现” 效应可能是由于在将闪现的物品带入感知意识方面的注意力延迟 [·蒂切纳,1908/1973关于感觉和注意力的基本心理学的讲座1908首次出版 (纽约: 麦克米伦); 1973再版 (纽约: 阿诺出版社)]?我们在三个实验中公开操纵注意力分配,以解决以下问题: 当注意力 (a) 在存在多个事件的情况下集中在单个事件上,(b) 分布在多个事件上,以及 (c) 从闪烁的物体转移时,闪光滞后效应是否会受到影响?为了解决前两个问题,提出了沿圆形路径移动的五个环,同时观察者在四个条件下专心跟踪一个或多个环: 磁盘闪烁的环 (i) 已知或 (ii) 未知 (从五个集合中随机选择); 闪光盘的位置 (i) 已知或 (ii) 未知 (从十个位置中随机选择)。通过在成本效益提示范式中使用两个移动对象来研究第三个问题。70% 或80% 有效性的箭头提示闪烁物体的位置。观察者执行了两项任务 :( a) 尽快对闪光发作做出反应; (b) 报告了闪光滞后效应。在我们使用的所有注意条件下,我们都获得了显着且不变的闪光滞后效应。此外,尽管有效提示的闪光的反应时间明显缩短,但闪光滞后效应仍然不受提示有效性的影响,这表明对有效提示位置的更快响应可能是由于运动响应中感知后延迟的缩短而不是感知促进。我们得出的结论是,引起闪光滞后效应的计算与注意部署无关。

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