BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:New faculty are often not prepared for a career in academia, and the transition can be challenging. They often come from practice environments where work expectations are clearly delineated. PROBLEM:Traditional mentoring programs typically pair new with experienced faculty members who are expected to provide guidance and advice. Results of the hierarchical dyad method have been mixed. APPROACH:Three generations of faculty formed a team composed of a tenured, a midcareer, and a new faculty member. The midcareer educator was better suited to help the novice prepare to teach, as they had recently been through the process, whereas the tenured faculty member was able to provide scholarship support to both. CONCLUSIONS:Providing new faculty with 2 mentors in a constellation format, along with the opportunity to network during structured mentoring meetings, contributed to a smooth onboarding of new faculty and provided scholarship support for the midcareer faculty member.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) represents a significant proportion of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The US Department of Health and Human Services issued a plan to reduce HAIs with a target 25% reduction of CAUTI by 2013. Michigan's successful collaborative to reduce unnecessary use of urinary catheters and CAUTI was based on a partnership between diverse hospitals, the state hospital association (SHA), and academic medical centers. Taking the lessons learned from Michigan, we are now spreading this work throughout the 50 states. This national spread leverages the expertise of different groups and organizations for the unified goal of reducing catheter-related harm. The key components of the project are (1) centralized coordination of the effort and dissemination of information to SHAs and hospitals, (2) data collection based on established definitions and approaches, (3) focused guidance on the technical practices that will prevent CAUTI, (4) emphasis on understanding the socioadaptive aspects (both the general, unit-wide issues and CAUTI-specific challenges), and (5) partnering with specialty organizations and governmental agencies who have expertise in the relevant subject area. The work may serve in the future as a model for other large improvement efforts to address other hospital-acquired conditions, such as venous thromboembolism and falls.

背景与目标： : 导管相关尿路感染 (CAUTI) 在医疗保健相关感染 (HAIs) 中占很大比例。美国卫生与公共服务部发布了一项减少HAIs的计划，目标是25% 减少CAUTI 2013年。密歇根州成功地合作减少了不必要的导尿管和CAUTI的使用，这是基于多元化医院，州立医院协会 (SHA) 和学术医疗中心之间的合作伙伴关系。借鉴密歇根州的经验教训，我们现在将这项工作推广到50个州。这种全国性的传播利用了不同团体和组织的专业知识，以实现减少导管相关危害的统一目标。该项目的关键组成部分是 (1) 集中协调工作并向SHAs和医院传播信息，(2) 基于既定定义和方法的数据收集，(3) 重点指导将防止CAUTI的技术实践，(4) 强调了解社会适应性方面 (包括一般的，整个单位范围的问题和特定于CAUTI的挑战)，以及 (5) 与在相关主题领域具有专业知识的专业组织和政府机构合作。这项工作将来可能会成为其他大型改进工作的典范，以解决其他医院获得的疾病，例如静脉血栓栓塞和跌倒。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Background Post-discharge medication use reviews in English community pharmacy aim to improve medicine support to recently discharged patients. However, there is little evidence of their impact on patient outcomes. Objective Identify potential outcome measures to investigate the impact of a hospital to community pharmacy referral service for older patients that utilises post-discharge medication reviews. Method Pharmacists at a district general hospital identified in-patients aged over 65 years who could benefit from a medication use review. Participants were randomised to receive referral for review, or standard discharge care. Participants were followed up at 4 weeks and 6 months via the hospital's patient administration system and by postal questionnaire, regarding readmissions, medication adherence, health related quality of life and enablement. Results Fifty-nine participants were recruited. There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes between intervention and control groups. However there were trends towards shorter length of stay on readmission and improved self-reported physical health for intervention group participants. There were no preventable medication related readmissions involving participants who had received a post-discharge medication use review as part of the study. Conclusion This feasibility study could be scaled up to a full pilot study, followed by an adequately powered randomised controlled trial, in order to further investigate the effects of medication use review referral post-discharge.

背景与目标： : 背景英语社区药房出院后药物使用评论旨在改善对近期出院患者的药物支持。然而，几乎没有证据表明它们对患者预后的影响。目的确定潜在的结果指标，以调查医院到社区药房转诊服务对利用出院后药物审查的老年患者的影响。方法地区综合医院的药剂师确定了65岁以上的住院患者，这些患者可以从药物使用审查中受益。参与者被随机分配接受转诊审查或标准出院护理。通过医院的患者管理系统和邮政问卷对参与者进行了4周和6个月的随访，涉及再入院，药物依从性，与健康相关的生活质量和支持。结果招募了59名参与者。干预组和对照组之间的结果无统计学差异。然而，干预组参与者有缩短再入院时间和改善自我报告身体健康的趋势。作为研究的一部分，没有涉及接受出院后药物使用审查的参与者的可预防药物相关再入院。结论该可行性研究可以扩大到一个完整的试点研究，然后是一个有充分动力的随机对照试验，以进一步调查药物使用审查转诊出院后的影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Sedentary behavior is associated with health risks and academic under-achievement in children. Still, children spend a large part of their waking hours sitting at a desk at school. Recent short-term studies demonstrated the potential of sit-to-stand desks to reduce sitting time in primary education. The program of "A Good Beginning" was conceived to assess the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sitting time in primary education, and to examine how sit-to-stand desks versus regular desks relate to academic performance, and measures of executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The present paper describes the design of this group-randomized trial, which started in 2017 and will be completed in 2019. METHODS:Children of two grade-three groups (age 8-9) following regular primary education in Leiden, The Netherlands, were recruited. A coin toss determined which group is the experimental group; the other group is the control group. All children in the experimental group received sit-to-stand desks. They are invited and motivated to reduce sedentary time at school, however, it is their own choice to sit or stand. Children in the control group use regular desks. Otherwise, both groups receive regular treatment. Outcomes are assessed at baseline (T0) and at five follow-up sessions (T1-T5) alternately in winter and summer seasons over three academic years. Primary outcome measures are academic performance, and the proportion of sitting time at school, measured with a 3D accelerometer. Secondary outcome measures are a number of measures related to executive functioning (e.g., N-back task for working memory), health (e.g., height and weight for BMI), and wellbeing (e.g., KIDSCREEN-52 for Quality of Life). DISCUSSION:A Good Beginning is a two-and-a-half-year research program, which aims to provide a better understanding of the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sedentary time at school and the relation between sitting time reduction and academic performance, executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The findings may serve as useful information for policy making and practical decision making for school and classroom environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION:The program of "A Good Beginning" is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR, https://www.trialregister.nl), number NL6166, registration date 24 November 2016.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Colchicine for injection has been available in the United States since the 1950s. Although not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), intravenous (IV) cholchicine has been an accepted treatment for acute gout symptoms. Several additional IV uses have been studied, including treatment of familial Mediterranean fever, pericarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, amyloidosis, and Behçet's syndrome. More recently, outpatient use of IV administration for chronic back pain has been advocated by alternative medicine providers but is not an accepted practice. Colchicine has well-known toxicities that limit its safe therapeutic use. IV doses that exceed the standard single-use therapeutic dose of 2--4 mg per episode of gout have resulted in life-threatening toxicity. In March 2007, two persons from Washington and Oregon died after receiving IV colchicine for back pain from an alternative medicine clinic in Oregon. This report describes the investigation, which determined that a measuring error by a Texas compounding pharmacy resulted in a fatal colchicine concentration that was eight times greater than the recognized standard level. A subsequent review of medical records revealed that a third death from colchicine toxicity in a patient treated at the Oregon clinic also occurred in March and likely was associated with the same compounding error. These deaths highlight the potential risk from use of IV colchicine for back pain and the possibly fatal consequences of measuring errors in compounding pharmacy products.

背景与目标： : 注射用秋水仙碱自20世纪50年代开始在美国上市。尽管未经美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 批准，但静脉注射 (IV) 胆碱已被接受治疗急性痛风症状。已研究了其他几种IV用途，包括治疗家族性地中海发热，心包炎，原发性胆汁性肝硬化，淀粉样变性和白塞氏综合征。最近，替代药物提供者提倡门诊使用IV给药治疗慢性背痛，但这并不是公认的做法。秋水仙碱具有众所周知的毒性，限制了其安全的治疗用途。超过每次痛风发作2-4 mg的标准单次使用治疗剂量的IV剂量会导致危及生命的毒性。在2007年3月，来自华盛顿和俄勒冈州的两个人在俄勒冈州的一家替代医学诊所接受IV秋水仙碱治疗背痛后死亡。该报告描述了这项调查，该调查确定德克萨斯州复合药房的测量误差导致致命的秋水仙碱浓度比公认的标准水平高八倍。随后对病历的审查显示，在俄勒冈州诊所接受治疗的患者中，因秋水仙碱毒性而死亡的第三例也发生在3月，并且可能与相同的复合误差有关。这些死亡凸显了使用IV秋水仙碱治疗背痛的潜在风险，以及复合药房产品中测量错误可能导致的致命后果。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationships between a new scale, the Eating and Body Image Disturbances Academic Interference Scale (EBIDAIS), and measures of eating disturbance, body image, and academic achievement. METHOD:One thousand five hundred eighty-four college undergraduates completed the measures in an online survey and were awarded class credit for their participation. Measures included the Eating Disorder Inventory Bulimia, Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Perfectionism subscales. Grade point average (GPA) was also reported. RESULTS:Academic interference and GPA were significantly correlated, indicating that higher interference scores were related to lower GPA. EBIDAIS was also significantly correlated with drive for thinness, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction, but was not significantly associated with perfectionism. The correlation between interference and GPA was substantially higher for a subsample of individuals who scored in the elevated range on eating and body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION:Academic interference may be a relatively unexamined, but potentially important, outcome for individuals who experience eating problems and body image disturbance.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Availability of point-of-care testing (POCT) technology may lead to unnecessary testing and expense without improving outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that frequency of intraoperative blood testing (IBT) would increase in association with installation of POCT devices in our surgical suites. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 38,115 electronic anesthesia records for cases performed in the 1 yr before and 1 yr after POCT installation. For each case, the frequency of IBT was tabulated and the change in frequency of IBT between the study periods was calculated for individual anesthesiologists, for the department as a whole, and for clusters of anesthetizing locations. RESULTS:For the department as a whole, there was no significant change between the before and after study periods in the 13% proportion of cases in which IBT was obtained. For cases in which IBT was used, there was no significant increase in the number of IBTs per case. CONCLUSIONS:We found no significant increase in the overall utilization of IBT associated with POCT presence in noncardiothoracic operating rooms.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:In 1993, interferon beta-1b became the first of 4 self-injectable multiple sclerosis (MS) drugs to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Initially covered as a medical expense, self-injectable MS drugs are increasingly considered specialty pharmaceuticals and are often covered under the pharmacy benefit. Self-injectable MS drugs are expensive, costing approximately $2,000 per month per patient in 2007. OBJECTIVES:To (1) determine the trends for price and utilization of self-injectable MS drugs, (2) meld medical and pharmacy claims data to capture total health care spending on self-injectable MS drugs, and (3) calculate the out-of-pocket cost-share for members with pharmacy benefits. METHODS:A pharmacy benefits manager with integrated medical claims for approximately 1.8 million commercial members, about 20% of its total of 9 million commercial members, analyzed self-injectable MS pharmacy claims for a 45-month period beginning in January 2004 and ending in September 2007 and integrated medical and pharmacy claims for a 42-month period beginning in January 2004 and ending in June 2007. The 9 million members are beneficiaries of 10 Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) health plans distributed throughout the United States, and the subset of 1.8 million members are enrolled in 1 BCBS health plan in the Northern Plains states. Self-injectable MS drugs were identified using Generic Product Identifier (GPI) codes for the National Drug Code (NDC) numbers on pharmacy claims. Mail order pharmacy claims with up to a 90-day supply were counted as 3 claims, and community pharmacy claims dispensed with up to a 34-day supply were counted as 1 claim. Self-injectable MS drugs were identified from medical claims using Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes: J1595 for glatiramer, J1830 for subcutaneous interferon beta-1b, Q3026 for subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, and Q3025 and J1825 for intramuscular interferon beta-1a. RESULTS:For the approximately 9 million members with data from pharmacy claims only, these 4 self-injectable MS drugs accounted for approximately 1.8% of total pharmacy benefit spending in 2004, 1.9% in 2005, 2.3% in 2006, and 2.4% in 2007. The mean average wholesale price (AWP) per member per month (PMPM) increased by 56.8%, from $1.11 PMPM in the first quarter of 2004 to $1.74 PMPM in the third quarter of 2007. Utilization was flat at about 82-83 claims per 100,000 members per month during the 45-month measurement period. The average annual price increase per unit ranged from 8.9% for interferon beta-1a to 13.3% per year for interferon beta-1b. Members paid a median out-of-pocket cost per pharmacy claim of $15 in 2004, $20 in 2005 and 2006, and $25 in the first 9 months of 2007. For the 1.8 million members with both pharmacy and medical benefit claims, the medical benefit accounted for 2.5% of total spending on MS self-injectables in 2004, 2.0% in 2005 and 2006, and 1.2% in 2007. CONCLUSION:The percentage of all pharmacy expenditures that was attributable to self-injectable MS drugs increased from 1.8% in 2004 to 2.5% in 2007. Nearly all of the increase in spending on self-injectable MS drugs over the nearly 4-year period was attributable to drug price increases because PMPM utilization was essentially unchanged. The median member cost-share was approximately 1% of the total cost of self-injectable MS drugs.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To evaluate pharmacy students' skills at measuring brachial artery blood pressure and radial heart rate at the completion of a patient assessment course in the second-professional year of a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program. METHODS:Students enrolled in a required patient assessment laboratory course (n = 83) participated in this study. Each student was randomly matched with a classmate and manually measured the classmate's blood pressure by auscultation of the brachial artery and heart rate by palpation of the radial pulse. RESULTS:The student-device absolute disagreement was 6.5 +/- 4.8 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP), 6.2 +/- 4.5 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and 5.3 +/- 4.0 beats per minute (BPM) for heart rate. Student and machine measurements of SBP, DBP, and HR significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacy students in the second-professional year of a PharmD program demonstrated competence in but not mastery of manual blood pressure and heart rate measurement. These skills need further refinement during third- and fourth-professional year APPEs.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The quality of perimortem care received by patients who died at our hospitals was unknown. OBJECTIVE:To describe the quality of hospital care experienced in the last week of life, as perceived by decedents' families. DESIGN:Telephone survey that included established measures and investigator-developed content. SETTING:Large, tertiary care center known for high-quality, cost-effective care. PARTICIPANTS:Family members of 104 patients who died in-hospital (10% of annual deaths) over the course of 1 year. INTERVENTION:None. MEASUREMENTS:Participant perceptions of the decedent's care, including symptom management, personal care, communication, and care coordination. RESULTS:Decedents were mostly male (64%), white (96%), married (73%), and Christian (91%). Most survey participants were spouses of the decedent (68%); they were predominately white (98%), female (70%), and Christian (90%) and had a median age of 70 years (range, 35-91 years). Overall satisfaction was high. Pain, dyspnea, and anxiety or sadness were highly prevalent among decedents (73%, 73%, and 55%, respectively) but largely well managed. Most participants believed that decedents were treated respectfully and kindly by staff (87%) and that sufficient help was available to assist with medications and dressing changes (97%). Opportunities for improvement included management of decedents' anxiety or sadness (29%) and personal care (25%), emotional support of the family (57%), communication regarding decedents' illness (29%), and receiving contradictory or confusing information (33%). CONCLUSION:Despite high satisfaction with care overall, we identified important unmet needs. Addressing these gaps will improve the care of dying patients.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Background:Accurate staging of lung cancer is paramount for directing treatment. After an internal audit suggested a higher than expected rate of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (SMPLC), we have sought to evaluate the prevalence of SMPLC at our single, large academic center. Methods:From January 2019 to September 2019, patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, pre- and post-op imaging, 30-day morbidity and mortality, as well as pathological findings were reviewed. SMPLCs were defined using modified Martini criteria. Results:Among 83 patients who underwent surgical resection for primary lung cancer with the intention of cure, 17 (20.5%) had pathologically confirmed SMPLC's, 53 (64%) were single primary lung cancers, and 13 (16%) had metastatic lesions from primary lung cancer or extra-thoracic cancers. Mean length of stay was 2 days with no mortalities. Of the SMPLC group, 9 (53%) had previous extra-thoracic neoplasms, compared with 8 (15%) in the single primary group. Four (24%) had a history of resected lung cancers more than 2 years previously, and were participating in lung cancer surveillance programs. Conclusions:The rate of SMPLC at our institution appears to be considerably higher than traditionally reported. Failure to recognize the high incidence of synchronous primary lung cancers exposes patients to the risks of under treatment and poor outcomes.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can be a serious and debilitating adverse effect that is highly feared by cancer patients. For patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens at our institution in the ambulatory infusion center, palonosetron was selected as the preferred serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist for CINV prophylaxis per the 2016 NCCN Guidelines, when a neurokinin1 antagonist was not included in the prophylactic regimen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone and palonosetron versus granisetron for the prevention of CINV in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. METHODS:This study is an Institutional Review Board-approved, single-center retrospective review of electronic health records including patients who received moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens with CINV prophylaxis with dexamethasone and either palonosetron or granisetron. RESULTS:A total of 268 eligible patients were included in the study. Eighty-eight patients received palonosetron and 180 patients received granisetron as their 5-HT3 receptor antagonist between October 31, 2014 and October 31, 2016. There were no statistically significant differences between the two antiemetic groups for the primary outcome of presence of any change in day 1 intravenous prophylactic antiemetics. Nine (10.23%) palonosetron patients and 15 (8.33%) granisetron patients required a change in their day 1 intravenous prophylactic antiemetics (P = 0.610). CONCLUSIONS:Despite palonosetron's better efficacy, longer half-life, and higher binding affinity, the results of this retrospective review demonstrates that the choice of serotonin antagonist, palonosetron or granisetron, did not result in a change in day 1 intravenous prophylactic antiemetics or antiemetic outpatient medications for patients undergoing moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :First and final year students in medicine, nursing and pharmacy programs at the University of Auckland completed a questionnaire used in studies of professional subcultures. Before entering training, students differed in how they believed clinical work should be organised. The collectivist attitude of pharmacy students was greater among those completing their studies than it was among those commencing study. Doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other professional groups are expected to work in multidisciplinary teams to deliver high quality health services. This study suggests that the individualistic attitudes of medical students may need to be addressed during training if medical students are to graduate with a commitment to working in teams, an expectation of clinical governance.

背景与目标： : 奥克兰大学医学，护理和药学专业的第一年和最后一年的学生完成了一份用于专业亚文化研究的问卷。在参加培训之前，学生在如何组织临床工作方面有所不同。药学专业学生的集体主义态度在完成学业的学生中比在开始学习的学生中更大。预计医生，护士，药剂师和其他专业团体将在多学科团队中工作，以提供高质量的医疗服务。这项研究表明，如果医学生要毕业并致力于团队合作，并期望临床治理，则在培训过程中可能需要解决医学生的个人主义态度。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effects of a clinical protocol for filgrastim use in oncology patients were studied. A chart review was conducted for every fourth oncology inpatient who received filgrastim at a community hospital between January and June 1996 to determine how filgrastim was being used in the hospital's oncology patients. The results were presented to the oncology committee, and a filgrastim protocol was implemented. The protocol stated that filgrastim would be discontinued when the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was > or =1500 cells/mm3 for two days after the neutrophil nadir. Six months after the protocol was implemented, a follow-up evaluation was conducted by reviewing the chart for every fourth oncology patient who received filgrastim between November 1996 and April 1997. Twenty-one patient charts were reviewed before the protocol was implemented, and 34 charts were reviewed after implementation. The results showed there was compliance with the protocol for 19 (76%) of the 25 patients evaluable for compliance. Sixty-seven percent of patients were febrile before the protocol was implemented, and 56% were febrile afterward. Ten percent of patients had documented infections before implementation, compared with 12% afterward. The average ANC at which filgrastim was discontinued before and after the protocol was implemented was 6839 and 5538 cells/mm3, respectively. Filgrastim was discontinued by a pharmacist in 32% of cases. A $22,416 cost saving was achieved in the first six months after protocol implementation, with no compromise in clinical efficacy. A pharmacy-based protocol for discontinuing filgrastim therapy in oncology patients saved a community hospital more than $22,000 in the first six months withno adverse impact on the drug's effectiveness.

背景与目标： : 研究了非格司亭在肿瘤患者中使用的临床方案的效果。对1月至1996年6月之间在社区医院接受非格司亭治疗的第四例肿瘤住院患者进行了图表审查，以确定非格司亭如何在医院的肿瘤患者中使用。将结果提交给肿瘤委员会，并实施了非格司亭方案。该方案指出，当中性粒细胞绝对计数 (ANC)> 或 = 1500细胞/mm3时，在中性粒细胞最低点后两天停用非格司亭。实施方案六个月后，通过对1996年11月和1997年4月之间每四例接受非格司亭治疗的肿瘤患者的病历进行随访评估。在实施方案之前对21例患者病历进行了审查，在实施之后对34例患者病历进行了审查.结果显示，可评估依从性的25名患者中有19名 (76% 名) 符合方案。在实施方案之前，有7% 名患者发热，之后有56% 名患者发热。10% 的患者在实施前已记录感染，而在实施后则为12%。在实施方案之前和之后停用非格司亭的平均ANC分别为6839和5538细胞/mm3。在32% 情况下，药剂师停用了Filgrastim。方案实施后的前六个月节省了22,416美元的成本，而临床疗效没有受到影响。在肿瘤患者中停止非格司亭治疗的基于药房的方案在最初的六个月中为社区医院节省了超过22,000美元，而对药物的有效性没有不利影响。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:Pediatric critical care medicine abstracts presented at North American national academic meetings have not been followed up to determine their publication outcomes. Our objective was to determine the following: 1) the proportion of these presentations that are published in peer-reviewed journals within 5 years; 2) the impact of trainee status on time to and success of publication; and 3) the quality of the research as reflected in the publishing journal's impact factor. DESIGN:Four years of abstracts (2007-2011) were reviewed from the American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatric Academic Societies, and Society of Critical Care Medicine national meetings. Pediatric critical care medicine abstracts were delineated by the meeting or identified by keyword search. Data included mode of presentation, trainee status of first author, publication status within 5 years based on a PubMed search, trainee position in the journal of publication authorship list, and the impact factor of journal of publication. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:We evaluated 267 pediatric critical care medicine abstracts, 85-94 from each meeting. Overall, 41% were published, with the highest rate in Pediatric Academic Societies abstracts (54% Pediatric Academic Societies, 38% Society of Critical Care Medicine, and 33% American Academy of Pediatrics; p = 0.011). Mean time to publication was 22 (± 3) months and did not differ by conference or presentation mode. Journal first authorship was retained in 84%. Journal impact factor was highest in Society of Critical Care Medicine abstracts (3.38 Society of Critical Care Medicine, 2.64 Pediatric Academic Societies, and 1.92 American Academy of Pediatrics; p = 0.006). First author trainee status was not associated with publication rate, time to publication, and impact factor. A total of 100% of trainees but only 79% of nontrainees who published retained first authorship. CONCLUSIONS:Less than half of pediatric critical care medicine research abstracts presented at North American national academic meetings culminate in articles. Pediatric Academic Societies had the highest publication success rate, and Society of Critical Care Medicine abstracts were published in journals with the highest impact factors. All trainees who were first authors retained that status in the journal publications.

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