• 【患者咨询课程对一年级药学专业学生的沟通理解,结果期望和自我效能感的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.5688/ajpe768152 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rogers ER,King SR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To evaluate first-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students' communication apprehension, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy for communication over the duration of a 15-week patient-counseling course. DESIGN:First-year PharmD students (n=94) were asked to complete a 47-item, self-administered questionnaire on 3 occasions over the duration of the Nonprescription Drugs/Patient-Counseling course during the fall 2009 and 2010 semesters. ASSESSMENT:Eighty-seven of 94 students completed the survey instrument across data collection periods. There were significant reductions in total communication apprehension scores and in the communication apprehension subscores for meetings and public speaking, and significant increases in self-efficacy over time. No differences were found for outcome expectations of communication scores or the subscores for interpersonal conversations and group discussion. CONCLUSIONS:Communication apprehension may be decreased and self-efficacy for communication increased in first-year PharmD students through a 15-week Nonprescription Drugs/Patient-Counseling course using small-group practice sessions, case studies, and role-play exercises in conjunction with classroom lectures.
    背景与目标:
  • 【课堂上使用电子设备对药学学生学习成绩的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.5688/ajpe769167 复制DOI
    作者列表:Prescott WA Jr,Johnson HL,Wrobel MJ,Prescott GM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To evaluate and assess the impact of pharmacy students' electronic device (e-device) use during a lecture-based pharmacotherapeutics sequence. METHODS:A validated survey instrument to assess e-device use was e-mailed to 238 second- (P2) and third-year (P3) pharmacy students. Grades were reviewed retrospectively and correlated with e-device use to determine its impact on academic performance. RESULTS:Of 140 responding students (59% response rate), 106 reported using e-devices during class for course-related (91.5%) and non-course-related (81.1%) activities. When P2 and P3 students were combined, e-device use was not associated with academic performance (p = 0.70). Academic performance was not impacted among P3 students (p = 0.86), but P2 students performed better academically if they refrained from using e-devices during class (mean grade = 88.5% vs. 83.3%; p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS:The impact of e-device use on overall academic performance was negligible. Use of e-devices by students enrolled in their first pharmacotherapeutics course may negatively impact academics.
    背景与目标:
  • 【急诊科的预防护理,第一部分: 临床预防服务-它们与急诊医学相关吗?学术急救医学协会公共卫生和教育工作队预防服务工作组。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02097.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rhodes KV,Gordon JA,Lowe RA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In 1998 the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine's (SAEM's) Board of Directors asked the SAEM Public Health and Education Task Force to develop recommendations for prevention, screening, and counseling activities to be conducted in emergency departments (EDs). The Task Force's work was divided into two phases: 1) a discussion of the rationale for preventive services in the ED, along with generation of a preliminary list of prevention activities that could be studied for ED implementation; and 2) a formal evidence-based review of topics chosen from the preliminary list, along with recommendations for ED implementation and further study. This paper represents Phase I of the project. Phase II, the formal evidence-based review and recommendations, is published separately in this issue.
    背景与目标: : 1998年,学术急诊医学协会 (SAEM's) 董事会要求SAEM公共卫生和教育工作组为在急诊科 (EDs) 进行的预防,筛查和咨询活动制定建议。专责小组的工作分为两个阶段: 1) 讨论教育署预防服务的理由,并生成可研究教育署实施的预防活动的初步清单; 2) 对从初步清单中选择的主题进行正式的循证审查,以及对ED实施和进一步研究的建议。本文代表了该项目的第一阶段。第二阶段,正式的循证审查和建议,在本期单独发表。
  • 【早期识别有可能在临床文书工作中学习成绩不佳的学生。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/00001888-200010001-00025 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fields SA,Morris C,Toffler WL,Keenan EJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【从微流体原理和流量聚焦为医疗保健和药学构建功能材料。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gañán-Calvo AM,Montanero JM,Martín-Banderas L,Flores-Mosquera M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In this review, we aim at establishing a relationship between the fundamentals of the microfluidics technologies used in the Pharmacy field, and the achievements accomplished by those technologies. We describe the main methods for manufacturing micrometer drops, bubbles, and capsules, as well as the corresponding underlying physical mechanisms. In this regard, the review is intended to show non-specialist readers the dynamical processes which determine the success of microfluidics techniques. Flow focusing (FF) is a droplet-based method widely used to produce different types of fluid entities on a continuous basis by applying an extensional co-flow. We take this technique as an example to illustrate how microfluidics technologies for drug delivery are progressing from a deep understanding of the physics of fluids involved. Specifically, we describe the limitations of FF, and review novel methods which enhance its stability and robustness. In the last part of this paper, we review some of the accomplishments of microfluidics when it comes to drug manufacturing and delivery. Special attention is paid to the production of the microencapsulated form because this fluidic structure gathers the main functionalities sought for in Pharmacy. We also show how FF has been adapted to satisfy an ample variety of pharmaceutical requirements to date.
    背景与目标: : 在这篇评论中,我们旨在建立药学领域中使用的微流体技术的基础与这些技术所取得的成就之间的关系。我们描述了制造千分尺液滴,气泡和胶囊的主要方法,以及相应的潜在物理机制。在这方面,该评论旨在向非专业读者展示决定微流体技术成功的动力学过程。流动聚焦 (FF) 是一种基于液滴的方法,广泛用于通过应用扩展共流在连续基础上产生不同类型的流体实体。我们以这项技术为例,说明用于药物输送的微流体技术如何从对所涉及流体的物理原理的深刻理解中发展。具体来说,我们描述了FF的局限性,并回顾了增强其稳定性和鲁棒性的新颖方法。在本文的最后一部分中,我们回顾了微流体在药物制造和输送方面的一些成就。特别注意微囊形式的生产,因为这种流体结构收集了药学中寻求的主要功能。我们还展示了FF是如何适应到目前为止满足大量药物需求的。
  • 【有学习障碍的大学毕业生的学业成绩与入学标准和学业支持。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0022219419884064 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sarid M,Meltzer Y,Raveh M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Postsecondary entrance examination scores are generally low predictors of college achievement (grade point average [GPA]) for students with learning disabilities (LD). The difficulties with meeting academic requirements have raised the awareness of the needs of students with LD for support services. The present study examined the adequacy of entrance criteria to academic studies for students with LD and the effectiveness of three support levels during their academic studies in increasing their academic gains. Data were collected for 315 college graduates with LD and 955 graduates who do not have LD (NLD) who completed their BA studies in a college in Israel. Although the admission scores of graduates with LD were lower than those of NLD graduates, their GPA was higher than the GPA of NLD graduates. The psychometric score had a low correlation with final college GPA of graduates with LD. There was no difference in the final GPA of the graduates with LD in the different support programs. The findings suggest that academic support can be an effective way to help students with LD to eliminate or close the gap between them and NLD students and to earn an academic degree, regardless of what if any admission criteria were applied to them.
    背景与目标: : 中学入学考试分数通常是学习障碍 (LD) 学生的大学成绩 (平均成绩 [GPA]) 的低预测指标。满足学术要求的困难提高了人们对LD学生对支持服务的需求的认识。本研究考察了LD学生的学业入学标准是否足够,以及在学业期间三个支持水平在增加学业收益方面的有效性。收集了315名具有LD的大学毕业生和955名没有LD (NLD) 的毕业生的数据,这些毕业生在以色列的一所大学完成了文学学士学位。尽管具有LD的毕业生的录取分数低于NLD毕业生的录取分数,但其GPA高于NLD毕业生的GPA。心理测验得分与LD毕业生的最终大学GPA相关性较低。在不同的支持计划中,具有LD的毕业生的最终GPA没有差异。研究结果表明,学术支持可以是帮助LD学生消除或缩小他们与NLD学生之间的差距并获得学位的有效方法,无论是否对他们适用任何录取标准。
  • 【老年患者和药房获取的地理障碍: 当不依从性转化为医疗保健其他组成部分的使用增加时。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/hec.4031 复制DOI
    作者列表:Di Novi C,Leporatti L,Montefiori M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper studies whether geographic barriers can influence nonadherence to prescription drugs and its effect on patients' health. We used a multivariate probit model estimated by maximum simulated likelihood that considers individual unobserved heterogeneity, which may characterize the relationship between adherence, medical care utilization, and health outcome. We used administrative data from Liguria, Italy, the region with the highest rate of individuals over the age of 65 in Europe. Our sample included older individuals affected by cardiovascular diseases, which remain one of the leading causes of death in most OECD countries. Our results showed that geographic barriers to pharmacies negatively influence patients' adherence. According to our results, patients' nonadherence to pharmacological therapy is responsible for an increased probability of patients' mortality and the overuse of other medical services, namely, hospitalizations and emergency department visits. Nonadherence may thus represent a potential source of waste for the health care system.
    背景与目标: : 本文研究了地理障碍是否会影响对处方药的不依从性及其对患者健康的影响。我们使用了由最大模拟似然估计的多元概率模型,该模型考虑了个体未观察到的异质性,这可能表征了依从性,医疗保健利用率和健康结果之间的关系。我们使用了意大利利古里亚 (Liguria) 的行政数据,该地区是欧洲65岁以上人口比例最高的地区。我们的样本包括受心血管疾病影响的老年人,在大多数经合组织国家,心血管疾病仍然是主要的死亡原因之一。我们的结果表明,药房的地理障碍会对患者的依从性产生负面影响。根据我们的结果,患者不坚持药物治疗是导致患者死亡和过度使用其他医疗服务 (即住院和急诊就诊) 的可能性增加的原因。因此,不遵守可能是医疗保健系统浪费的潜在来源。
  • 【药学支持的护理过渡干预对30天再入院的影响: 系统评价和荟萃分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/1060028017712725 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rodrigues CR,Harrington AR,Murdock N,Holmes JT,Borzadek EZ,Calabro K,Martin J,Slack MK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To describe pharmacy-supported transition-of-care (TOC) interventions and determine their effect on 30-day all-cause readmissions. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ABI Inform Complete, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, Cochrane library, OIASTER, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, ClinicalTrials.gov , and relevant websites were searched from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2015. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:PICOS+E criteria were utilized. Eligible studies reported pharmacy-supported TOC interventions compared with usual care in adult patients discharged to home within the United States. Studies were required to evaluate postdischarge outcomes (eg, rate of readmissions, hospital utilization). Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, or controlled before-and-after studies were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated study quality. DATA SYNTHESIS:A total of 56 articles were included in the systematic review (n = 61 858), of which 32 reported 30-day all-cause readmissions and were included in the meta-analysis. A taxonomy was developed to categorize targeted patients, intervention types, and pharmacy personnel as sole intervener. The meta-analysis demonstrated about a 32% reduction in the odds of readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.75) observed for pharmacy-supported TOC interventions compared with usual care. Heterogeneity was identified ( I2 = 55%; P < 0.001). A stratified meta-analysis showed that interventions with patient-centered follow-up reduced 30-day readmissions relative to studies without follow-up (OR = 0.70; CI = 0.63 to 0.78). CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacy-supported TOC programs were associated with a significant reduction in the odds of 30-day readmissions.
    背景与目标:
  • 【生物医学科学院晋升和任期的学术标准: 国际大学样本的横断面分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2020-06-25
    来源期刊:BMJ
    DOI:10.1136/bmj.m2081 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rice DB,Raffoul H,Ioannidis JPA,Moher D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To determine the presence of a set of pre-specified traditional and non-traditional criteria used to assess scientists for promotion and tenure in faculties of biomedical sciences among universities worldwide. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. SETTING:International sample of universities. PARTICIPANTS:170 randomly selected universities from the Leiden ranking of world universities list. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Presence of five traditional (for example, number of publications) and seven non-traditional (for example, data sharing) criteria in guidelines for assessing assistant professors, associate professors, and professors and the granting of tenure in institutions with biomedical faculties. RESULTS:A total of 146 institutions had faculties of biomedical sciences, and 92 had eligible guidelines available for review. Traditional criteria of peer reviewed publications, authorship order, journal impact factor, grant funding, and national or international reputation were mentioned in 95% (n=87), 37% (34), 28% (26), 67% (62), and 48% (44) of the guidelines, respectively. Conversely, among non-traditional criteria, only citations (any mention in 26%; n=24) and accommodations for employment leave (37%; 34) were relatively commonly mentioned. Mention of alternative metrics for sharing research (3%; n=3) and data sharing (1%; 1) was rare, and three criteria (publishing in open access mediums, registering research, and adhering to reporting guidelines) were not found in any guidelines reviewed. Among guidelines for assessing promotion to full professor, traditional criteria were more commonly reported than non-traditional criteria (traditional criteria 54.2%, non-traditional items 9.5%; mean difference 44.8%, 95% confidence interval 39.6% to 50.0%; P=0.001). Notable differences were observed across continents in whether guidelines were accessible (Australia 100% (6/6), North America 97% (28/29), Europe 50% (27/54), Asia 58% (29/50), South America 17% (1/6)), with more subtle differences in the use of specific criteria. CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that the evaluation of scientists emphasises traditional criteria as opposed to non-traditional criteria. This may reinforce research practices that are known to be problematic while insufficiently supporting the conduct of better quality research and open science. Institutions should consider incentivising non-traditional criteria. STUDY REGISTRATION:Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/26ucp/?view_only=b80d2bc7416543639f577c1b8f756e44).
    背景与目标:
  • 【三代学术指导团队: 护理教师指导的新方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/NNE.0000000000000777 复制DOI
    作者列表:Webber E,Vaughn-Deneen T,Anthony M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:New faculty are often not prepared for a career in academia, and the transition can be challenging. They often come from practice environments where work expectations are clearly delineated. PROBLEM:Traditional mentoring programs typically pair new with experienced faculty members who are expected to provide guidance and advice. Results of the hierarchical dyad method have been mixed. APPROACH:Three generations of faculty formed a team composed of a tenured, a midcareer, and a new faculty member. The midcareer educator was better suited to help the novice prepare to teach, as they had recently been through the process, whereas the tenured faculty member was able to provide scholarship support to both. CONCLUSIONS:Providing new faculty with 2 mentors in a constellation format, along with the opportunity to network during structured mentoring meetings, contributed to a smooth onboarding of new faculty and provided scholarship support for the midcareer faculty member.
    背景与目标:
  • 【实施减少导管相关尿路感染的国家计划: 州立医院协会,学术医疗中心,专业协会和政府机构的质量改进合作。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1086/673149 复制DOI
    作者列表:Fakih MG,George C,Edson BS,Goeschel CA,Saint S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) represents a significant proportion of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The US Department of Health and Human Services issued a plan to reduce HAIs with a target 25% reduction of CAUTI by 2013. Michigan's successful collaborative to reduce unnecessary use of urinary catheters and CAUTI was based on a partnership between diverse hospitals, the state hospital association (SHA), and academic medical centers. Taking the lessons learned from Michigan, we are now spreading this work throughout the 50 states. This national spread leverages the expertise of different groups and organizations for the unified goal of reducing catheter-related harm. The key components of the project are (1) centralized coordination of the effort and dissemination of information to SHAs and hospitals, (2) data collection based on established definitions and approaches, (3) focused guidance on the technical practices that will prevent CAUTI, (4) emphasis on understanding the socioadaptive aspects (both the general, unit-wide issues and CAUTI-specific challenges), and (5) partnering with specialty organizations and governmental agencies who have expertise in the relevant subject area. The work may serve in the future as a model for other large improvement efforts to address other hospital-acquired conditions, such as venous thromboembolism and falls.
    背景与目标: : 导管相关尿路感染 (CAUTI) 在医疗保健相关感染 (HAIs) 中占很大比例。美国卫生与公共服务部发布了一项减少HAIs的计划,目标是25% 减少CAUTI 2013年。密歇根州成功地合作减少了不必要的导尿管和CAUTI的使用,这是基于多元化医院,州立医院协会 (SHA) 和学术医疗中心之间的合作伙伴关系。借鉴密歇根州的经验教训,我们现在将这项工作推广到50个州。这种全国性的传播利用了不同团体和组织的专业知识,以实现减少导管相关危害的统一目标。该项目的关键组成部分是 (1) 集中协调工作并向SHAs和医院传播信息,(2) 基于既定定义和方法的数据收集,(3) 重点指导将防止CAUTI的技术实践,(4) 强调了解社会适应性方面 (包括一般的,整个单位范围的问题和特定于CAUTI的挑战),以及 (5) 与在相关主题领域具有专业知识的专业组织和政府机构合作。这项工作将来可能会成为其他大型改进工作的典范,以解决其他医院获得的疾病,例如静脉血栓栓塞和跌倒。
  • 【医院将老年患者转诊到社区药房: 可行性研究中的结果指标。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11096-019-00961-w 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ramsbottom H,Fitzpatrick R,Rutter P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Background Post-discharge medication use reviews in English community pharmacy aim to improve medicine support to recently discharged patients. However, there is little evidence of their impact on patient outcomes. Objective Identify potential outcome measures to investigate the impact of a hospital to community pharmacy referral service for older patients that utilises post-discharge medication reviews. Method Pharmacists at a district general hospital identified in-patients aged over 65 years who could benefit from a medication use review. Participants were randomised to receive referral for review, or standard discharge care. Participants were followed up at 4 weeks and 6 months via the hospital's patient administration system and by postal questionnaire, regarding readmissions, medication adherence, health related quality of life and enablement. Results Fifty-nine participants were recruited. There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes between intervention and control groups. However there were trends towards shorter length of stay on readmission and improved self-reported physical health for intervention group participants. There were no preventable medication related readmissions involving participants who had received a post-discharge medication use review as part of the study. Conclusion This feasibility study could be scaled up to a full pilot study, followed by an adequately powered randomised controlled trial, in order to further investigate the effects of medication use review referral post-discharge.
    背景与目标: : 背景英语社区药房出院后药物使用评论旨在改善对近期出院患者的药物支持。然而,几乎没有证据表明它们对患者预后的影响。目的确定潜在的结果指标,以调查医院到社区药房转诊服务对利用出院后药物审查的老年患者的影响。方法地区综合医院的药剂师确定了65岁以上的住院患者,这些患者可以从药物使用审查中受益。参与者被随机分配接受转诊审查或标准出院护理。通过医院的患者管理系统和邮政问卷对参与者进行了4周和6个月的随访,涉及再入院,药物依从性,与健康相关的生活质量和支持。结果招募了59名参与者。干预组和对照组之间的结果无统计学差异。然而,干预组参与者有缩短再入院时间和改善自我报告身体健康的趋势。作为研究的一部分,没有涉及接受出院后药物使用审查的参与者的可预防药物相关再入院。结论该可行性研究可以扩大到一个完整的试点研究,然后是一个有充分动力的随机对照试验,以进一步调查药物使用审查转诊出院后的影响。
  • 【良好的开端: 一项小组随机试验的研究方案,旨在研究坐立桌对初等教育中学习成绩和久坐时间的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12889-019-8135-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:van Delden ALEQ,Band GPH,Slaets JPJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Sedentary behavior is associated with health risks and academic under-achievement in children. Still, children spend a large part of their waking hours sitting at a desk at school. Recent short-term studies demonstrated the potential of sit-to-stand desks to reduce sitting time in primary education. The program of "A Good Beginning" was conceived to assess the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sitting time in primary education, and to examine how sit-to-stand desks versus regular desks relate to academic performance, and measures of executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The present paper describes the design of this group-randomized trial, which started in 2017 and will be completed in 2019. METHODS:Children of two grade-three groups (age 8-9) following regular primary education in Leiden, The Netherlands, were recruited. A coin toss determined which group is the experimental group; the other group is the control group. All children in the experimental group received sit-to-stand desks. They are invited and motivated to reduce sedentary time at school, however, it is their own choice to sit or stand. Children in the control group use regular desks. Otherwise, both groups receive regular treatment. Outcomes are assessed at baseline (T0) and at five follow-up sessions (T1-T5) alternately in winter and summer seasons over three academic years. Primary outcome measures are academic performance, and the proportion of sitting time at school, measured with a 3D accelerometer. Secondary outcome measures are a number of measures related to executive functioning (e.g., N-back task for working memory), health (e.g., height and weight for BMI), and wellbeing (e.g., KIDSCREEN-52 for Quality of Life). DISCUSSION:A Good Beginning is a two-and-a-half-year research program, which aims to provide a better understanding of the long-term effects of sit-to-stand desks on sedentary time at school and the relation between sitting time reduction and academic performance, executive functioning, health and wellbeing. The findings may serve as useful information for policy making and practical decision making for school and classroom environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION:The program of "A Good Beginning" is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR, https://www.trialregister.nl), number NL6166, registration date 24 November 2016.
    背景与目标:
  • 【由于复合药房错误导致的静脉注射秋水仙碱死亡-俄勒冈州和华盛顿,2007。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Colchicine for injection has been available in the United States since the 1950s. Although not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), intravenous (IV) cholchicine has been an accepted treatment for acute gout symptoms. Several additional IV uses have been studied, including treatment of familial Mediterranean fever, pericarditis, primary biliary cirrhosis, amyloidosis, and Behçet's syndrome. More recently, outpatient use of IV administration for chronic back pain has been advocated by alternative medicine providers but is not an accepted practice. Colchicine has well-known toxicities that limit its safe therapeutic use. IV doses that exceed the standard single-use therapeutic dose of 2--4 mg per episode of gout have resulted in life-threatening toxicity. In March 2007, two persons from Washington and Oregon died after receiving IV colchicine for back pain from an alternative medicine clinic in Oregon. This report describes the investigation, which determined that a measuring error by a Texas compounding pharmacy resulted in a fatal colchicine concentration that was eight times greater than the recognized standard level. A subsequent review of medical records revealed that a third death from colchicine toxicity in a patient treated at the Oregon clinic also occurred in March and likely was associated with the same compounding error. These deaths highlight the potential risk from use of IV colchicine for back pain and the possibly fatal consequences of measuring errors in compounding pharmacy products.
    背景与目标: : 注射用秋水仙碱自20世纪50年代开始在美国上市。尽管未经美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 批准,但静脉注射 (IV) 胆碱已被接受治疗急性痛风症状。已研究了其他几种IV用途,包括治疗家族性地中海发热,心包炎,原发性胆汁性肝硬化,淀粉样变性和白塞氏综合征。最近,替代药物提供者提倡门诊使用IV给药治疗慢性背痛,但这并不是公认的做法。秋水仙碱具有众所周知的毒性,限制了其安全的治疗用途。超过每次痛风发作2-4 mg的标准单次使用治疗剂量的IV剂量会导致危及生命的毒性。在2007年3月,来自华盛顿和俄勒冈州的两个人在俄勒冈州的一家替代医学诊所接受IV秋水仙碱治疗背痛后死亡。该报告描述了这项调查,该调查确定德克萨斯州复合药房的测量误差导致致命的秋水仙碱浓度比公认的标准水平高八倍。随后对病历的审查显示,在俄勒冈州诊所接受治疗的患者中,因秋水仙碱毒性而死亡的第三例也发生在3月,并且可能与相同的复合误差有关。这些死亡凸显了使用IV秋水仙碱治疗背痛的潜在风险,以及复合药房产品中测量错误可能导致的致命后果。
  • 【饮食问题、身体形象障碍和学业成绩: 饮食和身体形象障碍学业干扰量表的初步评价。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/eat.20483 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yanover T,Thompson JK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationships between a new scale, the Eating and Body Image Disturbances Academic Interference Scale (EBIDAIS), and measures of eating disturbance, body image, and academic achievement. METHOD:One thousand five hundred eighty-four college undergraduates completed the measures in an online survey and were awarded class credit for their participation. Measures included the Eating Disorder Inventory Bulimia, Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Perfectionism subscales. Grade point average (GPA) was also reported. RESULTS:Academic interference and GPA were significantly correlated, indicating that higher interference scores were related to lower GPA. EBIDAIS was also significantly correlated with drive for thinness, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction, but was not significantly associated with perfectionism. The correlation between interference and GPA was substantially higher for a subsample of individuals who scored in the elevated range on eating and body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION:Academic interference may be a relatively unexamined, but potentially important, outcome for individuals who experience eating problems and body image disturbance.
    背景与目标:

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