• 【通过与生活方式相关的危险因素,酒精,体重指数和吸烟的合理流行,可以在11个欧盟国家中实现潜在的健康收益和健康损失:一项定量的健康影响评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12889-016-3299-z 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lhachimi SK,Nusselder WJ,Smit HA,Baili P,Bennett K,Fernández E,Kulik MC,Lobstein T,Pomerleau J,Boshuizen HC,Mackenbach JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Influencing the life-style risk-factors alcohol, body mass index (BMI), and smoking is an European Union (EU) wide objective of public health policy. The population-level health effects of these risk-factors depend on population specific characteristics and are difficult to quantify without dynamic population health models. METHODS:For eleven countries-approx. 80 % of the EU-27 population-we used evidence from the publicly available DYNAMO-HIA data-set. For each country the age- and sex-specific risk-factor prevalence and the incidence, prevalence, and excess mortality of nine chronic diseases are utilized; including the corresponding relative risks linking risk-factor exposure causally to disease incidence and all-cause mortality. Applying the DYNAMO-HIA tool, we dynamically project the country-wise potential health gains and losses using feasible, i.e. observed elsewhere, risk-factor prevalence rates as benchmarks. The effects of the "worst practice", "best practice", and the currently observed risk-factor prevalence on population health are quantified and expected changes in life expectancy, morbidity-free life years, disease cases, and cumulative mortality are reported. RESULTS:Applying the best practice smoking prevalence yields the largest gains in life expectancy with 0.4 years for males and 0.3 year for females (approx. 332,950 and 274,200 deaths postponed, respectively) while the worst practice smoking prevalence also leads to the largest losses with 0.7 years for males and 0.9 year for females (approx. 609,400 and 710,550 lives lost, respectively). Comparing morbidity-free life years, the best practice smoking prevalence shows the highest gains for males with 0.4 years (342,800 less disease cases), whereas for females the best practice BMI prevalence yields the largest gains with 0.7 years (1,075,200 less disease cases). CONCLUSION:Smoking is still the risk-factor with the largest potential health gains. BMI, however, has comparatively large effects on morbidity. Future research should aim to improve knowledge of how policies can influence and shape individual and aggregated life-style-related risk-factor behavior.
    背景与目标: 背景:影响生活方式的危险因素酒精,体重指数(BMI)和吸烟是欧盟(EU)广泛的公共卫生政策目标。这些风险因素对人群的健康影响取决于人群的特定特征,如果没有动态的人群健康模型就很难量化。
    方法:适用于11个国家/地区。我们使用了DYNAMO-HIA数据集的证据来证明80%的EU-27人口。对于每个国家,都使用了按年龄和性别划分的危险因素患病率,以及九种慢性疾病的发生率,患病率和超额死亡率;包括将风险因素暴露与疾病发生率和全因死亡率联系起来的相应相对风险。应用DYNAMO-HIA工具,我们以可行的方法(即在其他地方观察到的)以风险因素患病率作为基准来动态地预测国家范围内潜在的健康收益和损失。对“最差做法”,“最佳做法”和当前观察到的危险因素普遍性对人群健康的影响进行了量化,并报告了预期寿命,无发病年,疾病病例和累积死亡率的预期变化。
    结果:采用最佳实践吸烟率可带来预期寿命的最大增长,男性为0.4岁,女性为0.3年(分别推迟了332,950和274,200例死亡),而最差的实践吸烟率也导致最大的预期寿命损失,为0.7男性的生命年为0.9年,女性的生命年为0.9年(分别损失了609,400和710,550人的生命)。比较无发病率的生命年,最佳实践吸烟率显示0.4岁的男性获得最高收益(减少342,800例疾病病例),而女性最佳实践BMI发生率则以0.7岁获得最大收益(减少1,075,200例疾病病例)。
    结论:吸烟仍然是最大的潜在健康获益因素。但是,BMI对发病率的影响较大。未来的研究应旨在提高人们对政策如何影响和塑造与生活方式相关的个人风险因素行为的认识。
  • 【TRAF1,BMI-1,ALDH1和Lin28B在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其关联。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/1010428317695930 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wu TF,Li YC,Ma SR,Bing-Liu,Zhang WF,Sun ZJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1, an adaptor protein of tumor necrosis factor 2, is involved in classical nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and lymphocyte recruitment. However, less is known about the expression and association of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 with cancer stem cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 and stem cell characteristic markers (lin28 homolog B, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and analyze their relations. Paraffin-embedded tissues of 78 oral squamous cell carcinomas, 39 normal oral mucosa, and 12 oral dysplasia tissues were employed in tissue microarrays, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1, B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and lin28 homolog B was measured by immunohistostaining and digital pathological analysis. The expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 was higher in the oral squamous cell carcinoma group as compared with the expression in the oral mucosa (p < 0.01) and oral dysplasia (p < 0.001) groups. In addition, the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 was associated with those of B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and lin28 homolog B (p = 0.032, r2 = 0.109; p < 0.0001, r2 = 0.64; and p < 0.001, r2 = 0.16) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The patient survival rate was lower in the highly expressed tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 group, although the difference was not significant. The clustering analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 was most related to aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. These findings suggest that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 has potential direct/indirect regulations with the cancer stem cell markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which may help in further analysis of the cancer stem cell characteristics.
    背景与目标: :肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1,是肿瘤坏死因子2的衔接蛋白,参与经典的核因子(NF)-κB激活和淋巴细胞募集。然而,关于肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达和与癌症干细胞标志物的关联知之甚少。本研究旨在研究口腔鳞状细胞癌中肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1和干细胞特征性标志物(lin28同源B,B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒整合位点1和醛脱氢酶1)的表达并进行分析。他们的关系。组织芯片采用78例口腔鳞状细胞癌,39例正常口腔黏膜和12例口腔异型增生组织的石蜡包埋组织,并表达肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1,B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒整合位点通过免疫组织染色和数字病理分析测量1,醛脱氢酶1,和lin28同系物B。口腔鳞状细胞癌组中的肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1的表达高于口腔黏膜组(p <0.01)和口腔发育不良组(p <0.001)的表达。此外,肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1的表达与B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒整合位点1,醛脱氢酶1和lin28同系物B的表达相关(p = 0.032,r2 = 0.109; p <口腔鳞状细胞癌为0.0001,r2 = 0.64; p <0.001,r = 0.16)。高表达的肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1组的患者生存率较低,尽管差异不显着。聚类分析表明,肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1与醛脱氢酶1最相关。这些发现表明,肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子1对口腔鳞状细胞癌中的癌干细胞标志物具有潜在的直接/间接调控作用。 ,这可能有助于进一步分析癌症干细胞的特征。
  • 【节制饮食和BMI:青少年的纵向研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1037/0278-6133.27.6.753 复制DOI
    作者列表:Snoek HM,van Strien T,Janssens JM,Engels RC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Although restrained eating is believed to increase overeating and weight in the long term, the opposite has also been found: Heavy individuals are more likely to diet. The objective of the current study was to test both pathways for adolescents. DESIGN:A longitudinal model was used to explore the bidirectional associations between restrained eating and body mass index (BMI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 3 annual waves, restrained eating and BMI were obtained from both older (M age 15.2 years old) and younger (M age 13.4 years old) adolescent boys and girls who were sibling pairs in 404 Dutch families. RESULTS:Structural equation modeling showed that BMI predicted restrained eating more consistently than the other way round. The results remained the same when analyzed by sex, age, socioeconomic status, and overeating tendency. Thus, in our general survey of adolescents restrained eating did not seem to be a successful weight loss strategy, nor did it consistently predict weight increase. CONCLUSION:Positive associations between restrained eating and BMI should mainly be interpreted in the sense that higher BMI predicted more restrained eating.
    背景与目标: 目的:虽然长期以来限制饮食会增加暴饮暴食和体重,但也发现了相反的情况:体重过重的人更可能节食。当前研究的目的是测试青少年的两种途径。
    设计:采用纵向模型探讨约束饮食与体重指数(BMI)之间的双向关联。
    主要观察指标:在3个年度波动中,从404个荷兰家庭中的同胞对中的年龄较大(男15.2岁)和年龄较小(男13.4岁)(年龄较小)中进食和BMI降低。
    结果:结构方程模型表明,BMI预测的克制饮食比反之亦然。当按性别,年龄,社会经济地位和暴饮暴食趋势进行分析时,结果保持不变。因此,在我们对青少年的一般性调查中,节制饮食似乎不是成功的减肥策略,也不是始终如一地预测体重增加。
    结论:节制饮食与BMI之间的正相关关系应主要从较高的BMI预测更多节制饮食的意义上进行解释。
  • 【计算机辅助全膝关节置换术的内翻畸形,外科医生的经验,BMI和止血带时间之间的统计关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2009-03-01
    来源期刊:Knee
    DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2008.09.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sampath SA,Voon SH,Sangster M,Davies H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with severe pre-operative varus deformity is significantly worse than in well aligned knees. Computer navigated TKA has addressed some of the problems by ensuring accurate post-operative alignment. Our aims were to see if navigation could reproducibly correct a varus deformity to 3 degrees of the mechanical axis and to investigate the relationships between the tourniquet time and severity of the preoperative deformity, BMI and a surgeon's experience. The 172 e.motion floating platform TKA's were implanted using the OrthoPilot Navigation system (B Braun-Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany). Pre-operative deformity and post-operative alignment were measured by the software. Tourniquet times were recorded automatically. All knees were corrected to within 3 degrees of the neutral axis (mean 0.48 degrees ). Statistically significant relationships between tourniquet time (TT) and degree of pre-operative varus (p<0.001), total number of previous e.motion TKA's performed (p<0.001), and body mass index (p=0.013) were found. A linear relationship between the variables can be expressed as a statistical formula: TT=49.5+PreOp Varus+0.6(BMI)-0.1(total previous). Tourniquet time is measured in minutes and preoperative varus is measured in degrees from the mechanical axis. Total previous is the total number of navigated TKA's implanted by the surgeon. Tourniquet time is increased with larger pre-operative deformities and high BMI and decreased with surgical experience. The formula may give us a method of predicting the length of a procedure for a particular surgical team and may allow us to plan operating lists more accurately.
    背景与目标: :严重的术前内翻畸形的全膝关节置换术(TKA)的结果明显比对齐良好的膝关节差。计算机导航的TKA通过确保准确的术后对准解决了一些问题。我们的目的是观察导航能否将内翻畸形可再现地纠正到机械轴的3度,并研究止血带时间与术前畸形严重程度,BMI和外科医生经验之间的关系。使用OrthoPilot导航系统(德国图特林根B Braun-Aesculap B)植入了172个e.motion浮动平台TKA。通过软件测量术前畸形和术后对准。止血带时间被自动记录。将所有膝盖矫正到中性轴的3度以内(平均0.48度)。止血带时间(TT)与术前内翻程度(p <0.001),先前进行过的e.motion TKA总数(p <0.001)和体重指数(p = 0.013)之间具有统计学意义的显着关系。变量之间的线性关系可以表示为统计公式:TT = 49.5 PreOp Varus 0.6(BMI)-0.1(总计前一个)。止血带时间以分钟为单位,术前内翻距离以机械轴为单位。先前总数是外科医生植入的经导航的TKA的总数。术前畸形变大和BMI升高,止血带时间增加,而随着手术经验的增加,止血带时间减少。该公式可以为我们提供一种预测特定外科手术团队手术时间的方法,并且可以使我们更准确地计划手术清单。
  • 【女性中较高的饮食中黄酮,黄酮醇和儿茶素的摄入与BMI随时间的增加较少相关:一项来自荷兰队列研究的纵向分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26058 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hughes LA,Arts IC,Ambergen T,Brants HA,Dagnelie PC,Goldbohm RA,van den Brandt PA,Weijenberg MP,Netherlands Cohort Study.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Dietary flavonoids are suggested to have antiobesity effects. Prospective evidence of an association between flavonoids and body mass index (BMI) is lacking in general populations. OBJECTIVE:We assessed this association between 3 flavonoid subgroups and BMI over a 14-y period in 4280 men and women aged 55-69 y at baseline from the Netherlands Cohort Study. DESIGN:Dietary intake was estimated at baseline (1986) by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. BMI was ascertained through self-reported height (in 1986) and weight (in 1986, 1992, and 2000). Analyses were based on sex-specific quintiles for the total intake of 6 catechins and of 3 flavonols/flavones. Linear mixed effect modeling was used to assess longitudinal associations in 3 adjusted models: age only, lifestyle (age, energy intake, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, type 2 diabetes, and coffee consumption), and lifestyle and diet (vegetables, fruit, fiber, grains, sugar, dessert, and dieting habits). RESULTS:After adjustment for age and confounders, the BMI (kg/m(2)) of women with the lowest intake of total flavonols/flavones and total catechins increased by 0.95 and 0.77, respectively, after 14 y. Women with the highest intake of total flavonols/flavones and total catechins experienced a significantly lower increase in BMI of 0.40 and 0.31, respectively (between group difference: P < 0.05). This difference remained after additional adjustment for dietary determinants and after stratification of median baseline BMI. In men, no significant differences in BMI change were observed over the quintiles of flavonoid intake after 14 y. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that flavonoid intake may contribute to maintaining body weight in the general female population.
    背景与目标: 背景:饮食中的类黄酮具有减肥作用。在一般人群中,缺乏类黄酮与体重指数(BMI)之间关联的前瞻性证据。
    目的:我们在荷兰队列研究的基线评估了4280名年龄在55-69岁的男性和女性在14年内3种类黄酮亚组与BMI的相关性。
    设计:饮食摄入量是通过有效的食物频率调查表在基线(1986年)估算的。通过自我报告的身高(1986年)和体重(1986年,1992年和2000年)确定BMI。根据性别特定的五分位数进行分析,得出6种儿茶素和3种黄酮/黄酮的总摄入量。线性混合效应模型用于评估3种调整后的模型中的纵向关联:仅年龄,生活方式(年龄,能量摄入,身体活动,吸烟状况,酒精摄入,2型糖尿病和咖啡摄入量)以及生活方式和饮食习惯(蔬菜,水果,纤维,谷物,糖,甜点和饮食习惯)。
    结果:在调整了年龄和混杂因素之后,摄入14年总黄酮/黄酮和儿茶素总量最低的女性的BMI(kg / m(2))分别增加了0.95和0.77。总黄酮醇/黄酮和总儿茶素摄入最高的女性的BMI分别显着降低,分别为0.40和0.31(组间差异:P <0.05)。在对饮食决定因素进行了进一步调整之后以及对中位数基线BMI进行分层后,这种差异仍然存在。在男性中,在服用14年后的黄酮摄入量的五分位数中,未观察到BMI变化的显着差异。
    结论:我们的研究结果表明类黄酮的摄入可能有助于维持普通女性人群的体重。
  • 【瑞典斯德哥尔摩县自我报告的BMI和肥胖率的趋势(2002-10年)。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/eurpub/cks128 复制DOI
    作者列表:Neovius K,Johansson K,Kark M,Tynelius P,Rasmussen F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Trends in obesity have been reported to level off in several Western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity between 2002 and 2010 in Stockholm County, Sweden. METHODS:Three cross-sectional questionnaires from the Stockholm Health Surveys were used for this study. A total of 31 182, 34 707 and 30 767 men and women aged between 18 and 64 years completed the questionnaire regarding sociodemographic factors, health parameters, physical activity, smoking habits and anthropometry in 2002, 2006 and 2010, respectively (response rate: 62.5, 61.3 and 55.6%, respectively). Linear regression was used to investigate changes in mean BMI. Relative risk regression models were used to investigate changes in prevalence of obesity, defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2). All analyses were stratified on age and further adjusted for smoking, education and socioeconomic position. RESULTS:Between 2002 and 2006, a stabilization was found in BMI and prevalence of obesity in both men and women. But from 2006 to 2010, BMI and prevalence of obesity had increased, also among the young. In 2010, the prevalence of obesity was 12.2% among men and 10.3% among women. CONCLUSION:After a period of stabilization in 2002-06, BMI and prevalence of obesity are increasing in Stockholm County, Sweden.
    背景与目标: 背景:据报道,在一些西方国家,肥胖趋势趋于平稳。这项研究的目的是调查瑞典斯德哥尔摩县2002年至2010年之间的体重指数(BMI)和肥胖发生率的趋势。
    方法:本研究使用了斯德哥尔摩健康调查的三份横断面问卷。分别于2002年,2006年和2010年完成了有关社会人口统计学因素,健康参数,身体活动,吸烟习惯和人体测量学的问卷调查,年龄分别在18至64岁之间的男性分别为31182、34707和30767,调查问卷(答复率为:62.5) ,分别为61.3和55.6%)。线性回归用于研究平均BMI的变化。相对风险回归模型用于调查肥胖发生率的变化,定义为BMI≥30 kg / m(2)。所有分析均按年龄分层,并针对吸烟,教育和社会经济地位作了进一步调整。
    结果:在2002年至2006年之间,男性和女性的BMI和肥胖症患病率均趋于稳定。但是从2006年到2010年,BMI和肥胖症的患病率也在上升,其中年轻人也是如此。 2010年,肥胖症的患病率在男性中为12.2%,在女性中为10.3%。
    结论:在2002-06年一段时​​间稳定之后,瑞典斯德哥尔摩县的BMI和肥胖症患病率呈上升趋势。
  • 【在乳腺癌,卵巢癌,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌的人类标本中,polycomb蛋白BMI-1的过表达。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Honig A,Weidler C,Häusler S,Krockenberger M,Buchholz S,Köster F,Segerer SE,Dietl J,Engel JB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:The polycomb group (PcG) proteins form chromatin-modifying complexes that are commonly deregulated in cancer. The PcG protein BMI-I is overexpressed by various tumours and thus may contribute to malignant transformation. The current study investigated the expression of BMI-I in human specimens of breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Expression of BMI-I was evaluated in human ovarian cancer samples by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared to healthy ovarian tissue. BMI-I expression in human specimens of breast, endometrial and cervical cancer was evaluated by IHC and then compared with the respective benign tissues. RESULTS:BMI-I was significantly (p<0.05) overexpressed in human breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer specimens as compared to benign controls. BMI-I expression was also more pronounced in the ovarian cancer samples as demonstrated by Western blot analysis. In human breast cancer samples, BMI-I expression was most pronounced in the invasion front of the tumour. CONCLUSION:The current study showed for the first time that the BMI-I protein is significantly overexpressed in ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer and may thus be a potential target for novel antitumor therapies.
    背景与目标: 简介:多梳子基团(PcG)蛋白形成了染色质修饰复合物,通常在癌症中被解除调节。 PcG蛋白BMI-1被各种肿瘤过度表达,因此可能有助于恶性转化。当前的研究调查了BMI-I在乳腺癌,卵巢癌,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌的人类标本中的表达。
    材料与方法:通过蛋白质印迹分析和免疫组织化学(IHC)评估人卵巢癌样品中BMI-1的表达,并与健康卵巢组织进行比较。通过IHC评估了乳腺癌,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌的人类标本中的BMI-1表达,然后将其与各自的良性组织进行了比较。
    结果:与良性对照相比,BMI-1在人乳腺癌,卵巢癌,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌标本中显着(p <0.05)过表达。如蛋白质印迹分析所证实,在卵巢癌样品中BMI-1表达也更明显。在人乳腺癌样品中,BMI-1表达在肿瘤的侵袭前沿最为明显。
    结论:目前的研究首次表明,BMI-1蛋白在卵巢癌,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌中显着过表达,因此可能成为新型抗肿瘤治疗的潜在靶标。
  • 【男性中与年龄相关的循环炎症标志物增加与BMI,血压和血脂浓度无关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Miles EA,Rees D,Banerjee T,Cazzola R,Lewis S,Wood R,Oates R,Tallant A,Cestaro B,Yaqoob P,Wahle KWJ,Calder PC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To examine whether age-related increase in concentrations of circulating inflammatory mediators is due to concurrent increases in cardiovascular risk factors or is independent of these. METHODS AND RESULTS:Cytokines (IL-6, IL-18), chemokines (6Ckine, MCP-1, IP-10), soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin) and adipokines (adiponectin) were measured in the plasma of healthy male subjects aged 18-84 years (n=162). These were related to known cardiovascular risk factors (age, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations) in order to identify significant associations. Plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, 6Ckine, IP-10 and adiponectin, but not sICAM-1, were significantly positively correlated with age, as well as with several other cardiovascular risk factors. The correlations with other risk factors disappeared when age was controlled for. In contrast, the correlations with age remained significant for sVCAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, 6Ckine and IP-10 when other cardiovascular risk factors were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS:Plasma concentrations of some inflammatory markers (sVCAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, 6Ckine, IP-10) are positively correlated with age, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. This suggests that age-related inflammation may not be driven by recognised risk factors.
    背景与目标: 目的:研究年龄相关的循环炎症介质浓度增加是由于心血管危险因素的同时发生还是与之无关。
    方法和结果:细胞因子(IL-6,IL-18),趋化因子(6Ckine,MCP-1,IP-10),可溶性粘附分子(sICAM-1,sVCAM-1,sE-selectin)和脂联素(adiponectin)是在18-84岁的健康男性受试者的血浆中测量(n = 162)。这些与已知的心血管危险因素(年龄,BMI,收缩压和舒张压,血浆总胆固醇,LDL胆固醇,HDL胆固醇和三酰甘油浓度)相关,以便确定显着的相关性。 sVCAM-1,sE-选择素,IL-6,IL-18,MCP-1、6Ckine,IP-10和脂联素的血浆浓度与年龄以及其他几个因素呈显着正相关心血管危险因素。当控制年龄时,与其他危险因素的相关性就消失了。相反,在控制其他心血管危险因素的情况下,sVCAM-1,IL-6,MCP-1、6Ckine和IP-10与年龄的相关性仍然很显着。
    结论:某些炎症标记物(sVCAM-1,IL-6,MCP-1、6Ckine,IP-10)的血浆浓度与年龄呈正相关,而与其他心血管危险因素无关。这表明与年龄有关的炎症可能不是由公认的危险因素驱动的。
  • 【GWAS for BMI:关于肥胖的遗传基础的基本见解的宝库。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41366-018-0147-5 复制DOI
    作者列表:Speakman JR,Loos RJF,O'Rahilly S,Hirschhorn JN,Allison DB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Muller et al. [1] have provided a strong critique of the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of body-mass index (BMI), arguing that the GWAS approach for the study of BMI is flawed, and has provided us with few biological insights. They suggest that what is needed instead is a new start, involving GWAS for more complex energy balance related traits. In this invited counter-point, we highlight the substantial advances that have occurred in the obesity field, directly stimulated by the GWAS of BMI. We agree that GWAS for BMI is not perfect, but consider that the best route forward for additional discoveries will likely be to expand the search for common and rare variants linked to BMI and other easily obtained measures of obesity, rather than attempting to perform new, much smaller GWAS for energy balance traits that are complex and expensive to measure. For GWAS in general, we emphasise that the power from increasing the sample size of a crude but easily measured phenotype outweighs the benefits of better phenotyping.
    背景与目标: :Muller等。 [1]对人体质量指数(BMI)的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)提出了强烈的批评,认为GWAS研究BMI的方法是有缺陷的,并且为我们提供了很少的生物学见解。他们建议,需要的是一个新的起点,涉及GWAS,以实现更复杂的与能量平衡相关的特征。在这个受邀的对策中,我们重点介绍了由BMI的GWAS直接刺激的肥胖领域取得的实质性进展。我们同意GWAS对于BMI并不完美,但认为进一步发现的最佳途径可能是扩大对与BMI和其他容易获得的肥胖测量指标相关的常见和罕见变体的搜索,而不是尝试进行新的发现,用于能量平衡特征的小得多的GWAS,这很复杂且测量成本很高。一般而言,对于GWAS,我们强调增加原油样本量但易于测量的表型的能力胜过更好的表型化带来的好处。
  • 【肥胖和生活方式因素的遗传易感性-芬兰糖尿病预防研究中对26种已知的BMI和14种已知的腰围:臀围比率(WHR)相关变体的综合分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1017/S0007114513001116 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jääskeläinen T,Paananen J,Lindström J,Eriksson JG,Tuomilehto J,Uusitupa M,Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recent genome-wide association studies have identified multiple loci associated with BMI or the waist:hip ratio (WHR). However, evidence on gene-lifestyle interactions is still scarce, and investigation of the effects of well-documented dietary and other lifestyle data is warranted to assess whether genetic risk can be modified by lifestyle. We assessed whether previously established BMI and WHR genetic variants associate with obesity and weight change in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, and whether the associations are modified by dietary factors or physical activity. Individuals (n 459) completed a 3 d food record and were genotyped for twenty-six BMI- and fourteen WHR-related variants. The effects of the variants individually and in combination were investigated in relation to obesity and to 1- and 3-year weight change by calculating genetic risk scores (GRS). The GRS were separately calculated for BMI and the WHR by summing the increasing alleles weighted by their published effect sizes. At baseline, the GRS were not associated with total intakes of energy, macronutrients or fibre. The mean 1- and 3-year weight changes were not affected by the BMI or WHR GRS. During the 3-year follow-up, a trend for higher BMI by the GRS was detected especially in those who reported a diet low in fibre (P for interaction=0·065). Based on the present findings, it appears unlikely that obesity-predisposing variants substantially modify the effect of lifestyle modification on the success of weight reduction in the long term. In addition, these findings suggest that the association between the BMI-related genetic variants and obesity could be modulated by the diet.
    背景与目标: :最近的全基因组关联研究确定了与BMI或腰围:臀围比率(WHR)相关的多个基因座。然而,关于基因与生活方式相互作用的证据仍然很稀少,因此有必要对文献记录丰富的饮食和其他生活方式数据的影响进行研究,以评估生活方式是否可以改变遗传风险。在芬兰糖尿病预防研究中,我们评估了先前建立的BMI和WHR遗传变异是否与肥胖和体重变化有关,以及是否通过饮食因素或体育锻炼来改变这种关联。个体(n 459)完成了3 d的食物记录,并对26种BMI和14种WHR相关变种进行了基因分型。通过计算遗传风险评分(GRS),研究了与肥胖以及1年和3年体重变化有关的个体和组合变体的影响。通过将增加的等位基因加权并按其公布的效应大小加权,分别计算出BMI和WHR的GRS。在基线时,GRS与能量,大量营养素或纤维的总摄入量无关。平均1年和3年体重变化不受BMI或WHR GRS的影响。在3年的随访中,特别是在那些饮食中纤维含量较低(相互作用P = 0·065)的人群中,GRS发现了BMI升高的趋势。基于目前的发现,从长远来看,肥胖倾向的变异似乎不太可能实质性地改变生活方式对减肥成功的影响。此外,这些发现表明,饮食可以调节BMI相关遗传变异与肥胖之间的关联。
  • 【一项跨国研究比较了BMI> 50-59.9 kg / m2和BMI≥60kg / m2的孕妇的管理和结局。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021055 复制DOI
    作者列表:McCall SJ,Li Z,Kurinczuk JJ,Sullivan E,Knight M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To compare the management, maternal and perinatal outcomes of women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥60 kg/m2 with women with a BMI >50-59.9 kg/m2. DESIGN:International collaborative cohort study. SETTING:Binational study in the UK and Australia. PARTICIPANTS:UK: all pregnant women, and Australia: women who gave birth (birth weight ≥400 g or gestation ≥20 weeks) METHODS: Data from the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System and UK Obstetric Surveillance System. Management, maternal and infant outcomes were compared between women with a BMI ≥60 kg/m2 and women with a BMI >50-59.9 kg/m2, using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS:The sociodemographic characteristics and previous medical histories were similar between the 111 women with a BMI ≥60 kg/m2 and the 821 women with a BMI >50-59.9 kg/m2. Women with a BMI ≥60 kg/m2 had higher odds of thromboprophylaxis usage in both the antenatal (24% vs. 12%; OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.64) and postpartum periods (78% vs. 66%; OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.70). Women with BMI ≥60 kg/m2 had nearly double the odds of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (adjusted OR 1.83 (95% CI 1.01 to 3.30)). No other maternal or perinatal outcomes were statistically significantly different. Severe adverse outcomes such as perinatal death were uncommon in both groups thus limiting the power of these comparisons. The rate of perinatal deaths was 18 per 1000 births for those with BMI ≥60 kg/m2; 12 per 1000 births for those with BMI >50-59.9 kg/m2; those with BMI ≥60 kg/m2 had a non-significant increased odds of perinatal death (unadjusted OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.31 to 6.74). CONCLUSIONS:Women are managed differently on the basis of BMI even at this extreme as shown by thromboprophylaxis. The pre-eclampsia result suggests that future research should examine whether weight reduction of any amount prior to pregnancy could reduce poor outcomes even if women remain extremely obese.
    背景与目标: 目的:比较体重指数(BMI)≥60kg / m2的女性和体重指数> 50-59.9 kg / m2的女性的管理,母体和围产期结局。
    设计:国际协作队列研究。
    地点:在英国和澳大利亚进行的国立研究。
    参加者:英国:所有孕妇,澳大利亚:分娩的妇女(出生体重≥400μg或妊娠≥20周)方法:来自澳大利亚产妇结果监测系统和英国产科监测系统的数据。使用无条件逻辑回归比较BMI≥60kg / m2的女性和BMI> 50-59.9 kg / m2的女性的管理,母婴结局。
    结果:BMI≥60kg / m2的111名妇女和BMI> 50-59.9 kg / m2的821名妇女的社会人口统计学特征和既往病史相似。 BMI≥60kg / m2的妇女在产前(24%比12%;或2.25,95%CI 1.39至3.64)和产后时期(78%比66%; OR 1.68)上有更高的预防血栓使用几率,95%CI 1.04至2.70)。 BMI≥60kg / m2的妇女发生先兆子痫/子痫的几率几乎翻倍(调整后的OR为1.83(95%CI 1.01至3.30))。其他母亲或围产期结局在统计学上均无显着差异。在两组中,严重的不良后果(如围产期死亡)并不常见,因此限制了这些比较的效力。 BMI≥60kg / m2的围产儿死亡率为每1000例中有18例。 BMI> 50-59.9 kg / m2的人每1000胎中有12胎; BMI≥60kg / m2的婴儿围产期死亡几率无明显增加(未调整OR 1.46,95%CI 0.31至6.74)。
    结论:即使在这种极端情况下,血栓预防措施也可以根据BMI对妇女进行不同的管理。先兆子痫的结果表明,未来的研究应检查即使孕妇仍然非常肥胖,怀孕前减轻体重是否可以减轻不良后果。
  • 【北部内娃丹队列的BMI和肥胖症的全基因组和现象组综合检查。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1534/g3.119.400910 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schlauch KA,Read RW,Lombardi VC,Elhanan G,Metcalf WJ,Slonim AD,23andMe Research Team.,Grzymski JJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aggregation of Electronic Health Records (EHR) and personalized genetics leads to powerful discoveries relevant to population health. Here we perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and accompanying phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) to validate phenotype-genotype associations of BMI, and to a greater extent, severe Class 2 obesity, using comprehensive diagnostic and clinical data from the EHR database of our cohort. Three GWASs of 500,000 variants on the Illumina platform of 6,645 Healthy Nevada participants identified several published and novel variants that affect BMI and obesity. Each GWAS was followed with two independent PheWASs to examine associations between extensive phenotypes (incidence of diagnoses, condition, or disease), significant SNPs, BMI, and incidence of extreme obesity. The first GWAS examines associations with BMI in a cohort with no type 2 diabetics, focusing exclusively on BMI. The second GWAS examines associations with BMI in a cohort that includes type 2 diabetics. In the second GWAS, type 2 diabetes is a comorbidity, and thus becomes a covariate in the statistical model. The intersection of significant variants of these two studies is surprising. The third GWAS is a case vs. control study, with cases defined as extremely obese (Class 2 or 3 obesity), and controls defined as participants with BMI between 18.5 and 25. This last GWAS identifies strong associations with extreme obesity, including established variants in the FTO and NEGR1 genes, as well as loci not yet linked to obesity. The PheWASs validate published associations between BMI and extreme obesity and incidence of specific diagnoses and conditions, yet also highlight novel links. This study emphasizes the importance of our extensive longitudinal EHR database to validate known associations and identify putative novel links with BMI and obesity.
    背景与目标: 电子病历(EHR)和个性化遗传学的集合导致与人口健康相关的有力发现。在这里,我们使用来自EHR的综合诊断和临床数据,进行基因组范围的关联研究(GWAS)和伴随的表型范围的关联研究(PheWAS),以验证BMI的表型-基因型关联,并在更大程度上验证严重的2型肥胖。我们队列的数据库。在内华达州6,645名健康参与者的Illumina平台上,有500,000个变体的三个GWAS,确定了一些影响BMI和肥胖症的已发表和新颖的变体。每个GWAS后面都有两个独立的PheWAS,以检查广泛的表型(诊断,病状或疾病的发生率),重要的SNP,BMI和极端肥胖的发生率之间的关联。第一个GWAS在一个没有2型糖尿病的队列中研究了与BMI的关联,仅侧重于BMI。第二个GWAS在一个包括2型糖尿病的队列研究中检查了与BMI的关联。在第二个GWAS中,2型糖尿病是合并症,因此在统计模型中成为协变量。这两项研究的重要变体的交集令人惊讶。第三个GWAS是病例与对照研究,病例定义为极度肥胖(2或3级肥胖),对照定义为BMI在18.5至25之间的参与者。这最后一个GWAS确定了与极端肥胖的强烈关联,包括确定的变体FTO和NEGR1基因中的基因,以及尚未与肥胖相关的基因座。 PheWAS验证了BMI与极端肥胖以及特定诊断和病状的发生之间已发表的关联,但也突出了新颖的联系。这项研究强调了我们广泛的纵向EHR数据库对于验证已知关联并识别与BMI和肥胖症之间可能存在的新颖联系的重要性。
  • 【产妇体重指数(BMI)介导了巴基斯坦农村地区怀孕期间与农作物有关的农业工作对婴儿身长的影响:对横截面数据的中介分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12884-019-2638-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pradeilles R,Allen E,Gazdar H,Bux Mallah H,Budhani A,Mehmood R,Mazhar S,Mysorewala A,Aslam S,Dangour AD,Ferguson E
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Stunted growth in early infancy is a public health problem in low-and-middle income countries. Evidence suggests heavy agricultural work during pregnancy is inversely associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) and infant birth weight in low- and middle-income countries; but pathways linking agricultural work to length-for-age Z-scores (LAZ) in early infancy have not been examined. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between agricultural work during pregnancy, post-natal maternal BMI and LAZ among young infants in rural Pakistan; and explored whether maternal BMI mediated the relationship between agricultural work and infant LAZ. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2015 to January 2016 in rural Sindh, Pakistan. Mother-infant dyads were recruited via systematic random cluster sampling at 2-12 weeks' post-partum (n = 1161). Anthropometric measurements (maternal and infant height/length and weight) and questionnaire data were collected. Multivariable linear regression and structural-equation based mediation analyses were used to examine associations of agricultural work during pregnancy with maternal BMI and infant LAZ. RESULTS:During pregnancy, women reported engaging in livestock-related work (57.0%), crop-related work (42.7%), and cotton harvesting (28.4%). All three forms of agricultural work were negatively associated with maternal BMI (β = - 0.67 [- 1.06; - 0.28], β = - 0.97 [- 1.51; - 0.48]; and β = - 0.87 [- 1.33; - 0.45], respectively). Maternal engagement in cotton harvesting alone was negatively associated with infant LAZ after controlling for confounding factors. The total negative effect of cotton harvesting on infant LAZ was - 0.35 [- 0.53; - 0.16]. The indirect effect of maternal BMI on infant LAZ was - 0.06 [- 0.08; - 0.03], revealing that 16% (- 0.06/- 0.35) of the relationship between cotton harvesting and infant LAZ, after adjustment, was mediated via maternal BMI. CONCLUSION:These results underscore a need to reduce labour-intensive agricultural workload demands during pregnancy, especially in cotton harvesting, to reduce risks of negative maternal energy balance and poor growth outcomes in early infancy.
    背景与目标: 背景:婴儿期发育迟缓是中低收入国家的公共卫生问题。有证据表明,在低收入和中等收入国家,怀孕期间从事繁重的农业工作与孕产妇体重指数(BMI)和婴儿出生体重成反比。但是尚未研究将农业工作与婴儿早期的Z评分相关的途径。这项研究的目的是调查巴基斯坦农村地区的婴儿在怀孕期间从事农业工作,产后母亲BMI和LAZ之间的关系。并探讨了母亲的BMI是否介导了农业工作与婴儿LAZ之间的关系。
    方法:2015年12月至2016年1月在巴基斯坦信德省农村进行了横断面调查。通过在产后2-12周内进行系统随机整群抽样(n = 1161)来招募母婴二联体。收集人体测量值(母亲和婴儿的身高/长度和体重)和问卷数据。基于多元线性回归和基于结构方程的中介分析用于检验孕期农业工作与孕产妇BMI和婴儿LAZ的关系。
    结果:在怀孕期间,妇女报告从事与牲畜有关的工作(57.0%),与作物有关的工作(42.7%)和棉花收获(28.4%)。三种形式的农业工作均与孕产妇的BMI呈负相关(β==-0.67 [-1.06;-0.28],β=-0.97 [-1.51;-0.48];β=-0.87 [-1.33;-0.45],分别)。在控制了混杂因素之后,母亲单独从事棉花收获与婴儿LAZ呈负相关。棉花收获对婴儿LAZ的总负面影响为-0.35 [-0.53; -0.16]。母体BMI对婴儿LAZ的间接作用为-0.06 [-0.08; -0.03],表明调整后的棉花收获与婴儿LAZ之间的关系中有16%(-0.06 /-0.35)是通过母体BMI介导的。
    结论:这些结果强调需要减少怀孕期间劳动密集型农业工作量的需求,尤其是在棉花收获期间,以减少母体能量平衡不良和婴儿早期生长不良的风险。
  • 【BMI和其他人体测量指标是否适合作为肥胖的指标?一项针对亚洲人口的研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1194/jlr.M400159-JLR200 复制DOI
    作者列表:Goh VH,Tain CF,Tong TY,Mok HP,Wong MT
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We have examined the relationships between percentage of body fat (PBF) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance and how good body mass index (BMI) and other anthropometric measures are as indices of obesity. High PBF levels were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance. The World Health Organization BMI of 30 kg/m(2) for obesity has low sensitivity, 6.7% and 13.4% for men and women, respectively. For every obese man and woman identified, 6.7 and 1.76 times nonobese men and women, respectively, will be misclassified as obese. With the locally established BMI cutoff point for obesity of 27 kg/m(2) for men and 25 kg/m(2) for women, the sensitivity was improved to 46.7% and 60.8%, respectively. For every obese man and woman identified, 3.76 and 1.64 times nonobese men and women, respectively, will be misclassified as obese. None of the other anthropometric indices was better than the locally established BMIs. We showed that the BMIs for obesity for our local men and women are different. These BMIs were most precise among all indices studied. However, they still lead to high false-positive rates. For more effective management of the problem of obesity, we need to develop more precise, simple, and cost-effective methods for the measurement of PBF.
    背景与目标: :我们已经检查了体脂百分比(PBF)与心血管疾病和胰岛素抵抗的危险因素之间的关系,以及良好的体重指数(BMI)和其他人体测量学如何将其作为肥胖指数。高PBF水平与心血管疾病和胰岛素抵抗的风险增加有关。世界卫生组织的肥胖症BMI为30 kg / m(2),其敏感性较低,男性和女性分别为6.7%和13.4%。对于确定的每个肥胖男人和女人,非肥胖男人和女人的肥胖率分别为6.7和1.76倍。男性在当地建立的BMI肥胖临界点为27 kg / m(2),女性为25 kg / m(2),敏感性分别提高到46.7%和60.8%。对于确定的每个肥胖男人和女人,非肥胖男人和女人的肥胖率分别为3.76和1.64倍。其他人体测量指标没有一个比本地建立的BMI更好。我们表明,当地男性和女性的肥胖BMI有所不同。这些BMI在所有研究指标中最为精确。但是,它们仍然导致较高的假阳性率。为了更有效地解决肥胖问题,我们需要开发更精确,简单且经济高效的方法来测量PBF。
  • 【拟议的ICD-11和DSM-5诊断方案对高BMI者反复暴饮暴食所致饮食失调的临床实用性的调查。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3390/nu10111751 复制DOI
    作者列表:Palavras MA,Hay P,Claudino A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aims of this paper were to compare (1) the proportion of participants diagnosed with threshold or subthreshold Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (clinical utility), and (2) the severity of participants' clinical features and mental Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) (convergent validity), when diagnosed according to either the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (DSM-5) or the proposed International Classification of Diseases 11th edition (ICD-11) schemes. One hundred and seven adult men and women, with a high Body Mass Index (BMI) were evaluated by interview to confirm their eating disorder diagnoses. All participants completed self-report assessments of current symptoms and mental HRQoL. The majority of participants in either diagnostic scheme were included in the main categories of BN or BED (102/107, 95% in the ICD-11 and 85/107, 79% in the DSM-5). Fewer individuals received a subthreshold other or unspecified diagnosis with the ICD-11 compared to the DSM-5 scheme (5% vs. 21%). No significant differences in demographic, clinical features or mental HRQoL of participants with complete or partial BN or BED were found between diagnostic categories. Compared to the DSM-5, the proposed ICD-11 was not over inclusive, i.e., it did not appear to include people with less severe and potentially less clinically relevant symptoms. These results support the greater clinical utility of the ICD-11 whilst both schemes showed convergent validity.
    背景与目标: :本文的目的是比较(1)被诊断为阈值或亚阈值的神经性贪食症(BN)和暴食症(BED)(临床效用)的参与者的比例,以及(2)参与者的临床特征和严重程度根据《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第5版(DSM-5)或拟议的《国际疾病分类》第11版(ICD-11)诊断出的与精神健康相关的生活质量(HRQoL)(收敛效度)计划。通过访谈评估了一百零七名体重指数(BMI)高的成年男性和女性,以确认他们的饮食失调诊断。所有参与者均完成了对当前症状和心理HRQoL的自我报告评估。两种诊断方案中的大多数参与者都包括在BN或BED的主要类别中(102/107,在ICD-11中为95%,在85/107,在DSM-5中为79%)。与DSM-5计划相比,使用ICD-11进行亚阈值其他或未明确诊断的个体更少(5%对21%)。在诊断类别之间,未发现完全或部分BN或BED的参与者的人口统计学,临床特征或心理HRQoL没有显着差异。与DSM-5相比,拟议的ICD-11并未囊括所有内容,也就是说,它似乎并未包括那些症状较轻且临床相关症状可能较轻的人。这些结果支持了ICD-11的更大的临床实用性,而两种方案均显示出收敛的有效性。

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