• 【咖啡因对血压正常健康年轻人运动过程中血压反应的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(90)91435-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sung BH,Lovallo WR,Pincomb GA,Wilson MF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The possible combined effects of caffeine and exercise on blood pressure (BP) regulation were examined in 34 healthy, normotensive (BP less than 135/85 mm Hg) young men (mean age 27 +/- 3 years) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design. Each subject performed submaximal and symptom-limited maximal supine bicycle exercise 1 hour apart after ingestion of placebo or caffeine (3.3 mg/kg). Heart rate, BP, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were compared for placebo and caffeine days. Postdrug baseline showed that caffeine increased systolic and diastolic BP and peripheral vascular resistance (p less than 0.001 for each) and decreased heart rate (p less than 0.01) but did not change stroke volume or cardiac output. BP and vascular resistance effects of caffeine remained during submaximal exercise resulting in an additive increase in BP while negative chronotropic effects of caffeine disappeared. At maximal exercise substantially more subjects (15 on caffeine vs 7 on placebo, p less than 0.02) had systolic BP greater than or equal to 230 mm Hg and/or greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg for diastolic BP. Plasma norepinephrine levels were not significantly different across days, but epinephrine was higher at maximal exercise and cortisol was increased post-drug and throughout maximal exercise on caffeine days. Data indicate that caffeine increases BP additively during submaximal exercise and may cause excessive BP responses at maximal exercise for some individuals. The pressor effects of caffeine appear to be due to increasing vascular resistance rather than cardiac output.
    背景与目标: :在安慰剂对照的34名健康,血压正常(血压低于135/85 mm Hg的年轻男性)(平均年龄27 /-3岁)中,研究了咖啡因和运动对血压(BP)调节的可能联合作用,双盲交叉设计。服用安慰剂或咖啡因(3.3 mg / kg)后,每位受试者间隔1小时进行次最大和症状受限的最大仰卧自行车运动。比较安慰剂和咖啡因天的心率,血压,心输出量和外周血管阻力。药物后基线显示,咖啡因可增加收缩压和舒张压以及外周血管阻力(每个P值均小于0.001)和降低心率(P值均小于0.01),但并未改变中风量或心输出量。在次最大运动量下,咖啡因的血压和血管阻力作用仍然存在,从而导致血压增加,而咖啡因的负变时效作用消失了。在最大程度的运动中,更多受试者(咖啡因为15,安慰剂为7,p小于0.02)的收缩压大于或等于230 mm Hg和/或舒张压大于或等于100 mm Hg。血浆去甲肾上腺素水平在各天之间无显着差异,但在最大运动量时,肾上腺素较高,而在咖啡因日后和整个最大运动量中,皮质醇增加。数据表明,咖啡因在次最大运动量时会增加BP,并且可能对某些个体在最大运动量时导致过度的BP反应。咖啡因的升压作用似乎是由于血管阻力增加而非心输出量增加所致。
  • 【肥胖男性中大剂量白藜芦醇的补充:一项由研究人员发起,随机,安慰剂对照的底物代谢,胰岛素敏感性和身体成分的临床试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2337/db12-0975 复制DOI
    作者列表:Poulsen MM,Vestergaard PF,Clasen BF,Radko Y,Christensen LP,Stødkilde-Jørgensen H,Møller N,Jessen N,Pedersen SB,Jørgensen JO
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia constitute risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality. Based on animal and in vitro studies, resveratrol reverts these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), but data in human subjects are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of high-dose resveratrol in obese human subjects. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group design, 24 obese but otherwise healthy men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of resveratrol or placebo treatment. Extensive metabolic examinations including assessment of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) were performed before and after the treatment. Insulin sensitivity, the primary outcome measure, deteriorated insignificantly in both groups. Endogenous glucose production and the turnover and oxidation rates of glucose remained unchanged. Resveratrol supplementation also had no effect on blood pressure; resting energy expenditure; oxidation rates of lipid; ectopic or visceral fat content; or inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. The lack of effect disagrees with persuasive data obtained from rodent models and raises doubt about the justification of resveratrol as a human nutritional supplement in metabolic disorders.
    背景与目标: 肥胖,糖尿病,高血压和高脂血症是发病率和过早死亡的危险因素。根据动物和体外研究,白藜芦醇通过刺激无声交配类型信息调节2同源物1(SIRT1)来逆转这些危险因素,但人类受试者的数据却很少。这项研究的目的是检查高剂量白藜芦醇在肥胖人类受试者中的代谢作用。在随机,安慰剂对照,双盲和平行组设计中,将24名肥胖但其他方面健康的男性随机分配到白藜芦醇或安慰剂治疗4周。在治疗之前和之后进行了广泛的代谢检查,包括评估葡萄糖更新和胰岛素敏感性(高胰岛素正常血糖钳夹)。两组的主要结果指标胰岛素敏感性均无显着性恶化。内源性葡萄糖的产生以及葡萄糖的周转率和氧化率保持不变。补充白藜芦醇对血压也没有影响。静息能量消耗;脂质的氧化速率;异位或内脏脂肪含量;或炎症和代谢生物标志物。缺乏效果与从啮齿动物模型获得的有说服力的数据不同,并引起人们对白藜芦醇作为代谢障碍中人类营养补充剂的合理性的怀疑。
  • 【[CPPD沉积物-老年男性后齿状突间隙的重要鉴别诊断]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-08-01
    来源期刊:Rofo
    DOI:10.1055/s-2007-963184 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schreiter NF,Pflugmacher R,Schröder R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【体重指数对中年男性和绝经后女性载脂蛋白A-I动力学的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.022 复制DOI
    作者列表:Welty FK,Lichtenstein AH,Lamon-Fava S,Schaefer EJ,Marsh JB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effect of body mass index (BMI) and obesity on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels and kinetics was examined by gender. Apo A-I kinetics were determined with a primed, constant infusion of deuterated leucine in the fed state in 19 men and 13 postmenopausal women. Compared with nonobese men, nonobese women had a higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apo A-I due to a 48% higher apo A-I production rate (PR) (P = .05). Obesity had no significant effects on apo A-I kinetics in women. In contrast, compared with nonobese men, obese men had a 9% lower apo A-I level due to a 64% higher fractional catabolic rate (FCR) partially offset by a 47% higher PR. Obese women had a 52% higher HDL-C than obese men (50 vs 33 mg/dL, respectively; P = .012), a finding related to the faster apo A-I FCR in obese men. BMI was directly correlated with apo A-I FCR (r = 0.84, P < .001) and PR (r = 0.79, P < .001) in men but not in women. Sixty-two percent of the variability in PR and 71% of the variability in FCR were due to BMI in men and only 3% and 23%, respectively, in women. In conclusion, BMI has a significant effect on apo A-I PR and FCR in men but not in women.
    背景与目标: :通过性别检查了体重指数(BMI)和肥胖对载脂蛋白(apo)A-I水平和动力学的影响。在19名男性和13名绝经后女性中,在喂食状态下,经初次,恒定输注氘代亮氨酸测定了Apo A-I动力学。与非肥胖男性相比,非肥胖女性具有较高水平的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和载脂蛋白A-I,这是由于载脂蛋白A-I的产生率(PR)升高了48%(P = 0.05)。肥胖对女性的载脂蛋白A-I动力学没有显着影响。相比之下,与非肥胖男性相比,肥胖男性的分解代谢率(FCR)提高了64%,而部分PR升高了47%,因此脂蛋白A-I水平降低了9%。肥胖女性的HDL-C比肥胖男性高52%(分别为50和33 mg / dL; P = 0.012),这一发现与肥胖男性更快的apo A-I FCR有关。男性的BMI与apo A-I FCR(r = 0.84,P <.001)和PR(r = 0.79,P <.001)直接相关,而与女性无关。 PR变异性的62%和FCR变异性的71%是由于男性的BMI而引起的,而女性分别仅为3%和23%。总之,BMI对男性的apo A-I PR和FCR有显着影响,而对女性则没有。
  • 【怀疑原发性不育的男性中“溶胀试验”与常规精液变量之间存在线性和非线性关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137152 复制DOI
    作者列表:Colpi GM,Sagone P,Tognetti A,Campana A,Piffaretti-Yanez A,Balerna M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The relationship and degree of association between the percentage of sperm swelling (HOS-test) and conventional semen variables was investigated in 263 consecutive ejaculates. The semen samples were exclusively obtained from men suspected of primary infertility. It was found that the correlation coefficients (Spearman's rho) followed the order: percentage of progressive motility at 3 h greater than count/ml greater than percentage of total motility at 3 h greater than percentage of normal spermatozoa. Of the three morphology sub-classes considered (sperm head, mid-piece and tail abnormalities), only mid-piece abnormalities correlated with the outcome of the HOS-test (rho = -0.409). Linear relationships between HOS-test results and sperm motility and morphology, but not sperm count, were indicated by LOWESS-smoothing. However, a linear relationship between the HOS-test, sperm count and a 'functional index' combining the conventional semen variables could be demonstrated after normalization of the data. Our findings suggest that the HOS-test may be of value in assessing the functional integrity and viability of spermatozoa; however, its prognostic power for fertility is probably not different from that of conventional semen variables.
    背景与目标: :在263例连续性射精中研究了精子肿胀百分比(HOS-test)与常规精液变量之间的关系和关联度。精液样本仅从怀疑患有原发性不育症的男性获得。发现相关系数(斯皮尔曼氏rho)遵循以下顺序:大于3小时的进行性运动的百分比大于计数/ ml,大于大于3小时的总运动性的百分比大于正常精子的百分比。在考虑的三个形态学子类别(精子头,中段和尾部异常)中,仅中段异常与HOS测试的结果相关(rho = -0.409)。 LOWESS平滑显示HOS测试结果与精子活力和形态之间的线性关系,但与精子数量无关。但是,在对数据进行归一化之后,可以证明HOS测试,精子数量和结合了常规精液变量的“功能指数”之间的线性关系。我们的研究结果表明,HOS测试可能对评估精子的功能完整性和生存力具有价值。然而,它对生育能力的预后能力可能与常规精液变量没有什么不同。
  • 【补充GAKIC摄入对受过训练的男性抵抗力训练表现的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/02701367.2013.784845 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wax B,Kavazis AN,Brown SP,Hilton L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Glycine-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) is a relatively new supplement that athletes and fitness enthusiasts ingest to enhance performance during anaerobic exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential ergogenic effects of GAKIC ingestion during multiple bouts of resistance exercise. METHOD:Seven resistance-trained men participated in a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind study. Participants were randomly assigned to placebo or GAKIC (10.2 g) and performed 5 sets of 75% of 1-repetition maximum leg press to failure. Total load volume was calculated by multiplying the 75% of 1-repetition maximum mass lifted by the sum of repetitions to failure. One week later, participants ingested the other supplement (placebo or GAKIC) and the same exercise protocol was performed (i.e., crossover). Blood lactate, glucose, and heart rate were determined preexercise and immediately postexercise. RESULTS:GAKIC supplementation significantly increased leg-press total load volume (GAKIC = 31,564 +/- 9,132 kg; placebo = 25,763 +/- 6,595 kg, p < .05). Heart rate and blood lactate were significantly increased (p < .05) postexercise compared with preexercise but were not significantly different between GAKIC and placebo. No significant changes (p > .05) were detected for one-repetition maximum and blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS:These novel findings suggest that GAKIC increases total work performed during repeated bouts of lower-body resistance exercise. Thus, our data suggest that GAKIC ingestion before weight training may increase the training volume of athletes and resistance-trained individuals.
    背景与目标: 用途:甘氨酸-精氨酸-α-酮异己酸(GAKIC)是运动员和健身爱好者摄取的相对较新的添加剂,可增强无氧运动时的表现。因此,本研究的目的是研究在多次抵抗运动中摄入GAKIC的潜在人体作用。
    方法:七名经过抗性训练的男人参加了一项随机,平衡,双盲研究。将参与者随机分配到安慰剂或GAKIC(10.2克)中,并进行5组1次重复最大腿部按压至失败的75%。通过将举起的1次重复最大质量的75%乘以失效重复的总次数来计算总负载量。一周后,参与者摄入了另一种补充剂(安慰剂或GAKIC),并执行了相同的锻炼方案(即交叉)。在运动前和运动后立即测定血乳酸,葡萄糖和心率。
    结果:GAKIC补充剂显着增加了腿部按压的总负荷量(GAKIC = 31,564 /-9,132 kg;安慰剂= 25,763 /-6,595 kg,p <.05)。与运动前相比,运动后的心率和血液乳酸水平显着增加(p <.05),但GAKIC和安慰剂之间无显着差异。没有发现一次重复最大血糖和血糖的显着变化(p> .05)。
    结论:这些新颖的发现表明,GAKIC增加了在反复进行下半身抵抗运动中的总工作量。因此,我们的数据表明,在进行负重训练之前摄入GAKIC可能会增加运动员和接受阻力训练的个人的训练量。
  • 【参加过性犯罪者治疗小组的智障男性:随访。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/jar.12038 复制DOI
    作者列表:Heaton KM,Murphy GH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:There have been a number of studies of treatment for men with intellectual disabilities and sexually abusive behaviour but few follow-up studies. Our aim was to follow up men with intellectual disabilities who had attended group cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) for sexually abusive behaviour. METHOD:Thirty-four men (from seven treatment sites) were followed up. All had attended SOTSEC-ID groups. The mean length of follow-up, since the end of the treatment group, was 44 months (SD 28.7, range 15-106 months). RESULTS:The statistically significant improvements in sexual knowledge, empathy and cognitive distortions that occurred during treatment were maintained at follow-up. In all, 11 of the 34 (32%) men showed further sexually abusive behaviour, but only two of these men received convictions. Analyses of the variables associated with further sexually abusive behaviour indicated that a diagnosis of autism was associated with a higher likelihood of further sexually abusive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides some evidence of the longer-term effectiveness of group CBT for men with intellectual disabilities and sexually abusive behaviour.
    背景与目标: 背景:已有许多针对智障和性虐待行为的男性的治疗研究,但随访研究很少。我们的目的是跟进曾参加过针对性虐待行为的集体认知行为治疗(CBT)的智障男性。
    方法:对34名男性(来自7个治疗部位)进行了随访。所有人都参加了SOTSEC-ID组。自治疗组结束以来,平均随访时间为44个月(SD 28.7,范围15-106个月)。
    结果:随访期间,在治疗过程中发生的性知识,同理心和认知扭曲方面的统计学显着改善得以维持。在这34名男性中,有11名(32%)表现出进一步的性虐待行为,但其中只有2名被定罪。对与进一步的性虐待行为有关的变量的分析表明,自闭症的诊断与更高的进一步性虐待行为的可能性有关。
    结论:这项研究提供了一些证据,表明集体CBT对于智力残疾和性虐待行为的长期有效性。
  • 【[男女骨质疏松症-异同]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E,Lewiński A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Osteoporosis maintains a special position in today's medicine, regarding both its growing incidence and its clinical and social consequences--fractures, leading to the loss of self-dependence, disabilities and higher mortality rates. It was thought for many years that osteoporosis affected mainly women after menopause. At present, it is known that the problem concerns men, as well. In the present review, similarities and differences between osteoporosis in either sex are discussed, concentrating on epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects, as well as on therapeutic differences.
    背景与目标: 骨质疏松症在发病率,临床和社会后果(骨折)方面均在当今医学中保持特殊地位,导致丧失自力更生,残疾和更高的死亡率。多年来一直认为,骨质疏松症主要影响绝经后的女性。目前,已知问题也与男人有关。在本综述中,讨论了两种性别之间骨质疏松症之间的相似性和差异,重点是流行病学和致病性方面以及治疗上的差异。
  • 【胰岛素介导抑制肥胖的2型糖尿病男性和正常糖耐量男性的脂肪组织和骨骼肌脂解。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00125-013-2995-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jocken JW,Goossens GH,Boon H,Mason RR,Essers Y,Havekes B,Watt MJ,van Loon LJ,Blaak EE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Impaired regulation of lipolysis and accumulation of lipid intermediates may contribute to obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) of obese men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and obese type 2 diabetic men. METHODS:Eleven NGT men and nine long-term diagnosed type 2 diabetic men (7 ± 1 years), matched for age (58 ± 2 vs 62 ± 2 years), BMI (31.4 ± 0.6 vs 30.5 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)) and [Formula: see text] (28.9 ± 1.5 vs 29.5 ± 2.4 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) participated in this study. Interstitial glycerol concentrations in AT and SM were assessed using microdialysis during a 1 h basal period and a 6 h stepwise hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (8, 20 and 40 mU m(-2) min(-1)). AT and SM biopsies were collected to investigate underlying mechanisms. RESULTS:Hyperinsulinaemia suppressed interstitial SM glycerol concentrations less in men with type 2 diabetes (-7 ± 6%, -13 ± 9% and -27 ± 9%) compared with men with NGT (-21 ± 7%, -38 ± 8% and -53 ± 8%) (p = 0.014). This was accompanied by increased circulating fatty acid and glycerol concentrations, a lower glucose infusion rate (21.8 ± 3.1 vs 30.5 ± 2.0 μmol kg body weight(-1) min(-1); p < 0.05), higher hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) serine 660 phosphorylation, increased saturated diacylglycerol (DAG) lipid species in the muscle membrane and increased protein kinase C (PKC) activation in type 2 diabetic men vs men with NGT. No significant differences in insulin-mediated reduction in AT interstitial glycerol were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:Our results suggest that a blunted insulin-mediated suppression of SM lipolysis may promote the accumulation of membrane saturated DAG, aggravating insulin resistance, at least partly mediated by PKC. This may represent an important mechanism involved in the progression of insulin resistance towards type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01680133.
    背景与目标: 目的/假设:脂解作用的调节受损和脂质中间体的积累可能会导致肥胖相关的胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病。我们调查了胰岛素抵抗正常的肥胖男性和2型糖尿病男性肥胖者的腹部皮下脂肪组织(AT)和骨骼肌(SM)的胰岛素介导的脂解抑制作用。
    方法:11名NGT男性和9名经长期诊断的2型糖尿病男性(7±1岁),年龄相匹配(58±2 vs 62±2岁),BMI(31.4±0.6 vs 30.5±0.6 kg / m(2) )和[公式:参见文字](28.9±1.5 vs 29.5±2.4 ml kg(-1)min(-1))参与了这项研究。在1 h的基础期和6 h的逐步高胰岛素血症-正常血糖钳制(8、20和40 mU m(-2)min(-1))中使用微透析法评估AT和SM中的间质甘油浓度。收集AT和SM活组织检查以研究潜在的机制。
    结果:与NGT男性(-21±7%,-38±8)相比,高胰岛素血症抑制的2型糖尿病男性的间质SM甘油浓度更低(-7±6%,-13±9%和-27±9%) %和-53±8%)(p = 0.014)。这伴随着循环脂肪酸和甘油浓度的增加,葡萄糖输注速率的降低(21.8±3.1 vs 30.5±2.0μmolkg体重(-1)min(-1); p <0.05),激素敏感性脂肪酶更高( HSL)丝氨酸660磷酸化,2型糖尿病男性患者与NGT男性相比,肌肉膜中饱和二酰基甘油(DAG)脂质种类增加,蛋白激酶C(PKC)活化增加。两组之间在胰岛素介导的AT间质甘油减少方面没有观察到显着差异。
    结论/解释:我们的结果表明,胰岛素介导的SM脂解抑制作用减弱可能会促进膜饱和DAG的积累,加重胰岛素抵抗,至少部分是由PKC介导的。这可能代表了胰岛素抵抗向2型糖尿病发展的重要机制。
    试用注册:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01680133。
  • 【在日本患有局部前列腺癌的男性中,与健康相关的生活质量:用SF-8进行评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2008.02046.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sugimoto M,Takegami M,Suzukamo Y,Fukuhara S,Kakehi Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) using the Medical Outcomes Study 8-items Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) questionnaire in Japanese patients with early prostate cancer. METHODS:A cross-sectional analysis was done in 457 patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and watchful waiting or a combination these therapies. General HRQOL was measured using the Japanese version of the SF-8 questionnaire and disease-specific HRQOL was assessed using the Japanese version of the Extended Prostate Cancer Index Composite. RESULTS:The external beam radiotherapy group reported significantly lower values for the physical health component summary score (PCS) in comparison to the radical prostatectomy and brachytherapy groups (P < 0.05). In the analysis of both the PCS and the mental health component summary score (MCS) over time after treatment, higher scores with time were found in the radical prostatectomy group. No significant change over time after androgen deprivation therapy in the PCS was found. In contrast, the MCS was found to deteriorate in the early period, showing a significant increase over time. CONCLUSIONS:SF-8 in combination with the Extended Prostate Cancer Index Composite has shown to be a helpful tool in the HRQOL assessment of Japanese patients treated for localized prostate cancer.
    背景与目标: 目的:使用医疗结果研究8项简式健康调查(SF-8)问卷对日本早期前列腺癌患者进行健康相关生活质量(HRQOL)评估。
    方法:对457例前列腺癌患者进行横断面分析,这些患者接受了前列腺癌根治术,外照射,放疗,近距离放射疗法,雄激素剥夺疗法以及警惕的等待或这些疗法的联合治疗。普通HRQOL使用日文版SF-8问卷进行测量,而疾病特异性HRQOL使用日文版扩展前列腺癌指数复合材料进行评估。
    结果:与放射根治性前列腺切除术和近距离放射治疗组相比,外束放射治疗组报告的身体健康成分摘要评分(PCS)值明显更低(P <0.05)。在分析治疗后随时间变化的PCS和精神健康成分总评分(MCS)时,根治性前列腺切除术组随时间的推移发现了更高的评分。在PCS中,雄激素剥夺治疗后未发现随时间的显着变化。相反,发现MCS在早期恶化,显示随时间的推移显着增加。
    结论:SF-8与前列腺癌指数综合指数的组合已被证明是对接受局部前列腺癌治疗的日本患者进行HRQOL评估的有用工具。
  • 【睾丸激素对心力衰竭男性胰岛素敏感性的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.04.006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Malkin CJ,Jones TH,Channer KS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Resistance to insulin occurs in chronic heart failure (CHF) and is related to prognosis. Studies of testosterone in non-(CHF) males suggest that physiological testosterone therapy improves insulin sensitivity. This was a single-blind placebo controlled crossover trial to determine the effect of testosterone replacement on insulin sensitivity in 13 men with moderate to severe CHF (ejection fraction 30.5+/-1.3). The primary outcome was the homeostatic model index (HOMA-IR) of fasting insulin sensitivity and secondary outcomes were body composition as measured by bioelectrical impedance and glucose tolerance to a standard 75 g oral glucose load. Analysis was performed on the delta values with the treatment effect of placebo compared with that of testosterone. At baseline HOMA-IR correlated with measures of body fat [% fat mass (rP=0.84, p=0.0001) and body mass index (rP=0.79, p=0.01)] but not with CHF severity. Testosterone reduced HOMA-IR (-1.9+/-0.8, p=0.03) indicating improved fasting insulin sensitivity. Testosterone also increased total mass (+1.5+/-0.5 kg, p=0.008) and decreased body fat (-0.8+/-0.3%, p=0.02). Testosterone improves fasting insulin sensitivity in men with CHF and may also increase lean body mass, these data suggest a favourable effect of testosterone on an important metabolic component of CHF.
    背景与目标: 胰岛素抵抗发生在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)中,并与预后有关。非(CHF)男性中睾丸激素的研究表明,生理性睾丸激素疗法可提高胰岛素敏感性。这是一项单盲安慰剂对照的交叉试验,旨在确定睾丸激素替代对13例中度至重度CHF(射血分数30.5 /-1.3)男性的胰岛素敏感性的影响。主要结果是空腹胰岛素敏感性的稳态模型指标(HOMA-IR),次要结果是通过生物电阻抗和对标准75 g口服葡萄糖负荷的葡萄糖耐量测得的身体成分。分析了δ值,比较了安慰剂和睾丸激素的治疗​​效果。在基线时,HOMA-IR与体脂[脂肪含量百分比(rP = 0.84,p = 0.0001)和体重指数(rP = 0.79,p = 0.01)]相关,但与CHF严重度无关。睾丸激素降低HOMA-IR(-1.9 /-0.8,p=0.03),表明空腹胰岛素敏感性提高。睾丸激素还增加了总质量(1.5 /-0.5 kg,p = 0.008),减少了体内脂肪(-0.8 /-0.3%,p=0.02)。睾丸激素改善患有CHF的男性的空腹胰岛素敏感性,还可能增加瘦体重,这些数据表明睾丸激素对CHF的重要代谢成分具有有利作用。
  • 【无症状青年男性沙眼衣原体尿液筛查的可接受性:系统评价。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816938ca 复制DOI
    作者列表:Marrazzo JM,Scholes D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We performed a structured literature review of published studies from 2000-2007 that measured the acceptability and acceptance (uptake) of urine testing for C. trachomatis among asymptomatic men. Studies were categorized as three types: (a) non-STD clinic venues where men were approached in person and offered testing on site (urgent care clinics, freestanding clinics or health screening settings, corrections, community centers); (b) delivery of testing kits to men at their homes; and (c) qualitative measurement related to men's experience of screening. When offered in established nonhome-based settings (clinics, schools, corrections), acceptability and consequent uptake of testing by men is generally good (mid-60% range). However, acceptance rates even in these settings vary widely and are influenced by venue, provider, and a diversity of other factors. Acceptance of home-based testing invitations, including direct mailing of test kits, is considerably lower. Attitudinal characteristics of men who decline testing primarily include low self-perception of risk for asymptomatic infection and perceived inconvenience of providing test specimens. Given these findings, testing strategies targeting asymptomatic men in established community and clinic settings are most likely to yield relatively high acceptance rates. However, barriers to both implementation and uptake remain, even when such testing is free. Interventions to enhance uptake of testing in asymptomatic men should be developed and selected with underlying C. trachomatis population prevalence in mind.
    背景与目标: :我们对2000年至2007年间发表的研究进行了结构化的文献综述,该研究对无症状男性中沙眼衣原体尿液测试的接受度和接受度(摄取)进行了测量。研究被分为三种类型:(a)非性病诊所地点,在该地点亲自与男子接触并提供现场检测(紧急护理诊所,独立式诊所或健康检查场所,矫正场所,社区中心); (b)向男人的家中提供测试包; (c)与男性筛查经验有关的定性测量。如果在既定的非家庭环境(诊所,学校,教养所)中提供,男性的接受程度和随后接受的测试通常会很好(60%左右的范围)。但是,即使在这些环境中,接受率也有很大差异,并且受场所,提供者和其他多种因素的影响。接受家庭测试邀请(包括直接邮寄测试包)的比例要低得多。拒绝测试的男性的态度特征主要包括对症状无风险的自我感觉低以及提供测试样本的不便。鉴于这些发现,针对已建立社区和诊所环境中无症状男性的测试策略最有可能产生相对较高的接受率。但是,即使免费进行此类测试,实施和采用的障碍仍然存在。在开发和选择无症状男性中进行干预的方法时,应考虑潜在的沙眼衣原体人群的流行。
  • 【石榴汁用于前列腺癌手术或放疗后前列腺特异性抗原升高的男性的II期研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2290 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pantuck AJ,Leppert JT,Zomorodian N,Aronson W,Hong J,Barnard RJ,Seeram N,Liker H,Wang H,Elashoff R,Heber D,Aviram M,Ignarro L,Belldegrun A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Phytochemicals in plants may have cancer preventive benefits through antioxidation and via gene-nutrient interactions. We sought to determine the effects of pomegranate juice (a major source of antioxidants) consumption on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression in men with a rising PSA following primary therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:A phase II, Simon two-stage clinical trial for men with rising PSA after surgery or radiotherapy was conducted. Eligible patients had a detectable PSA > 0.2 and < 5 ng/mL and Gleason score < or = 7. Patients were treated with 8 ounces of pomegranate juice daily (Wonderful variety, 570 mg total polyphenol gallic acid equivalents) until disease progression. Clinical end points included safety and effect on serum PSA, serum-induced proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells, serum lipid peroxidation, and serum nitric oxide levels. RESULTS:The study was fully accrued after efficacy criteria were met. There were no serious adverse events reported and the treatment was well tolerated. Mean PSA doubling time significantly increased with treatment from a mean of 15 months at baseline to 54 months posttreatment (P < 0.001). In vitro assays comparing pretreatment and posttreatment patient serum on the growth of LNCaP showed a 12% decrease in cell proliferation and a 17% increase in apoptosis (P = 0.0048 and 0.0004, respectively), a 23% increase in serum nitric oxide (P = 0.0085), and significant (P < 0.02) reductions in oxidative state and sensitivity to oxidation of serum lipids after versus before pomegranate juice consumption. CONCLUSIONS:We report the first clinical trial of pomegranate juice in patients with prostate cancer. The statistically significant prolongation of PSA doubling time, coupled with corresponding laboratory effects on prostate cancer in vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as oxidative stress, warrant further testing in a placebo-controlled study.
    背景与目标: 目的:植物中的植物化学物质可能通过抗氧化和基因-营养相互作用而具有预防癌症的作用。我们试图确定石榴汁(抗氧化剂的主要来源)的摄入量对主要治疗后PSA升高的男性前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)进程的影响。
    实验设计:一项针对手术或放疗后PSA升高的男性进行的II期,Simon两阶段临床试验的第二阶段。符合条件的患者可检测PSA> 0.2且<5 ng / mL,格里森评分<或=7。患者每天接受8盎司石榴汁治疗(奇妙品种,总多酚570毫克没食子酸当量),直至疾病进展。临床终点包括对血清PSA的安全性和影响,血清诱导的LNCaP细胞的增殖和凋亡,血清脂质过氧化和血清一氧化氮水平。
    结果:在达到疗效标准后,该研究已全部完成。没有严重不良反应的报道,治疗耐受性良好。平均PSA倍增时间随治疗时间的增加而从基线的平均15个月增加到治疗后的54个月(P <0.001)。体外分析比较了治疗前后患者血清LNCaP的生长情况,发现细胞增殖减少12%,凋亡增加17%(分别为P = 0.0048和0.0004),血清一氧化氮增加23%(P =食用石榴汁之前和之后的氧化状态和对血清脂质氧化敏感性的显着降低(P <0.02)(P <0.02)。
    结论:我们报道了石榴汁在前列腺癌患者中的第一项临床试验。 PSA倍增时间的统计学显着延长,再加上相应的实验室作用对前列腺癌的体外细胞增殖和凋亡以及氧化应激反应,有必要在安慰剂对照研究中进行进一步测试。
  • 【老年男性进行力量和/或耐力训练时的身体成分和健康状况。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318165c854 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sillanpää E,Häkkinen A,Nyman K,Mattila M,Cheng S,Karavirta L,Laaksonen DE,Huuhka N,Kraemer WJ,Häkkinen K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:This study examined adaptations in body composition and physical fitness during a 21-wk strength and/or endurance training period in 40- to 65-yr-old men. We also compared the usefulness of different methods for the analysis of body composition to detect training-induced adaptations. METHODS:Fifty-three men were randomized into the endurance training (E: N = 14), strength training (S: N = 13), combined strength and endurance training (SE: N = 15), or control (C: N = 11) groups. S and E trained 2 and SE 2 x 2 times a week for strength and endurance. RESULTS:Percentage of fat (fat%) decreased (5-8%) similarly in all training groups. Fat% measured by DXA at baseline and its change correlated with those recorded by bioimpedance (r = 0.90 and 0.66), skinfolds (r = 0.80 and 0.78), and waistline (r = 0.84 and 0.74). Lean mass in legs (DXA) increased only in S (2.0 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.001), but the thickness of vastus lateralis and intermedius measured by ultrasound increased (7-11%) in all training groups, and that of triceps brachii increased in S (22%) and SE (20%). Maximal concentric force increased significantly in S, SE, and E (by 22, 23, and 7%), and maximal oxygen uptake increased in both E (11%) and SE (11%). CONCLUSIONS:Waist circumference and skinfold thickness seem to reasonably assess changes in percent body fat during training. However, only DXA was capable to separate small differences between the groups in training-induced changes in lean body mass. Combined strength and endurance training is of greater value than either alone in optimizing body composition or improving physical fitness in older men.
    背景与目标: 目的:本研究调查了40至65岁男性在21周强度和/或耐力训练期间身体成分和身体适应的适应性。我们还比较了不同方法对人体成分分析以检测训练引起的适应性的有用性。
    方法:53名男性被随机分为耐力训练(E:N = 14),力量训练(S:N = 13),力量与耐力训练(SE:N = 15)或对照(C:N = 11)小组。 S和E每周训练2次和SE 2次,每次2次,以提高力量和耐力。
    结果:所有训练组中的脂肪百分比(脂肪%)降低了(5-8%)。 DXA在基线测量的脂肪百分比及其变化与生物阻抗(r = 0.90和0.66),皮褶皱(r = 0.80和0.78)和腰围(r = 0.84和0.74)记录的脂肪百分比相关。在所有训练组和三头肌训练组中,腿部瘦质量(DXA)仅在S组增加(2.0 /-1.5%,P <0.001),但超声测量的外侧阔肌和中间间隔的厚度增加(7-11%) S(22%)和SE(20%)的臂膀增加。 S,SE和E的最大同心力显着增加(分别增加22%,23%和7%),E(11%)和SE的最大吸氧量均增加(11%)。
    结论:腰围和皮褶厚度似乎可以合理地评估训练中人体脂肪百分比的变化。但是,只有DXA能够区分训练引起的瘦体重变化中各组之间的细微差异。结合力量和耐力训练对优化老年人的身体成分或改善身体健康比单独使用具有更大的价值。
  • 【在捷克男性的整个寿命中,双氢睾丸激素和睾丸激素。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stárka L,Dusková M,Hill M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The dihydrotestosterone:testosterone ratio seems to be an important factor in the expression of androgenic activity, especially in the prostate and pilosebaceous unit. Whereas the decline of testosterone (T) in aging men is well known, controversial data can be found in literature concerning the age dependence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. Data from the database of the Institute of Endocrinology served as the basis for the definition of the life span curve for the ratio dihydrotestosterone : testosterone. METHODS:The results of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone obtained immunoassays from 10 251 male patients were used in the construction of the curve. RESULTS:The data show that after a peak of DHT:T in infancy and a subsequent decrease in puberty, the ratio of both androgens remains practically without change from approx. 20 years of age till old age. CONCLUSION:High DHT:T ratio in infancy decreases at puberty and throughout the entire reproductive period of life this ration remains practically constant.
    背景与目标: 目的:二氢睾丸激素:睾丸激素的比例似乎是雄激素活性表达的重要因素,尤其是在前列腺和毛囊皮脂腺中。尽管衰老男性的睾丸激素(T)下降是众所周知的,但是在有关双氢睾丸激素(DHT)水平的年龄依赖性的文献中可以找到有争议的数据。内分泌研究所数据库的数据作为定义二氢睾丸激素:睾丸激素比率的寿命曲线的基础。
    方法:采用10 251例男性患者的睾丸激素和二氢睾丸激素的免疫分析结果绘制曲线。
    结果:数据显示,在婴儿期DHT:T达到峰值并随后青春期减少之后,两种雄激素的比例实际上保持不变。直到20岁为止。
    结论:婴儿期高DHT:T比率在青春期下降,并且在整个生命周期中,这种比率实际上保持恒定。

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