Farrerol has been shown to have antioxidative potential via Nrf2 activation, which in turn is involved in the prevention of hepatotoxicity. The purpose of the current study was to explore the protective effect of farrerol against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms. Mice were used to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of farrerol on liver injury induced by acetaminophen in vivo. HepG2 cells were utilized to further determine the functional role and mechanisms by which Nrf2 and autophagy are involved in the hepatoprotective effect of farrerol in vitro. We found that treatment with farrerol leads to a significant reduction in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing mortality, histopathological liver changes, and ALT and AST levels. Furthermore, farrerol effectively suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing JNK phosphorylation, Bax mitochondrial translocation, AIF and cytochrome c release. Further investigations revealed that the activation of Nrf2 and the induction of autophagy via the AMPK/AKT pathway by farrerol contributed to its hepatoprotective activity in vitro. In addition, farrerol inhibited acetaminophen-induced the mortality and histopathological changes in WT mice were evidently alleviated but not abrogated in Nrf2 -/- mice, which attributed to the induction of autophagy. Together, farrerol has protective potential against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity which may be associated with activation of Nrf2 and autophagy.

译文

Farrerol已被证明通过Nrf2激活具有抗氧化潜力,而Nrf2激活又与预防肝毒性有关。目的探讨法勒罗对对乙酰氨基酚致肝毒性的保护作用及其机制。小鼠体内评价法列罗对对乙酰氨基酚所致肝损伤的保护作用。利用HepG2细胞进一步确定了Nrf2和自噬参与farrerol体外保护肝作用的功能作用和机制。我们发现,用farrerol治疗可通过降低死亡率,组织病理学肝脏变化以及ALT和AST水平来显着降低对乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝毒性。此外,farrerol通过减少JNK磷酸化,Bax线粒体易位,AIF和细胞色素c释放来有效抑制线粒体功能障碍。进一步的研究表明,farrerol激活Nrf2和通过AMPK/AKT途径诱导自噬有助于其体外保肝活性。此外,farrerol抑制对乙酰氨基酚诱导的WT小鼠的死亡率和组织病理学变化明显减轻,但在Nrf2 -/-小鼠中并未消除,这归因于自噬的诱导。同时,farrerol对对乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝毒性具有保护作用,这可能与Nrf2的激活和自噬有关。

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