BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chemical combinations of Ca-P produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and a hydrothermal treatment were fabricated to improve the initial corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of a biodegradable Mg-3Al-1Zn-1.5Ca alloy. For the formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate composite layer on the surface of a magnesium alloy, a PEO layer composed of MgO and Mg3(PO4)2 was formed by PEO in electrolytes containing preliminary phosphate ions. During the second stage, a thick and dense Ca layer was formed by Ca electrodeposition after PEO. Finally, a hydrothermal treatment was carried out for chemical incorporation of P ions in the PEO layer and Ca ions in the electrodeposition layer. The amorphous calcium phosphate composite layer formed by the hydrothermal treatment enhanced osteoblast activity and reduced H2O2 production, which is a known stress indicator for cells. As a result of co-culturing osteoblast cells and RAW 264.7 cells, the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate increased osteoblast cell differentiation and decreased osteoclast cell differentiation. Implanting the alloy, which had an amorphous calcium phosphate composite layer that had been added through hydrothermal treatment, in the tibia of rats led to a reduction in initial biodegradation and promoted new bone formation.

背景与目标： ：制造了通过等离子电解氧化（PEO）和水热处理产生的Ca-P的化学组合，以改善可生物降解的Mg-3Al-1Zn-1.5Ca合金的初始耐腐蚀性和生物相容性。为了在镁合金的表面上形成非晶质磷酸钙复合层，在含有初级磷酸根离子的电解质中，通过PEO形成由MgO和Mg3（PO4）2构成的PEO层。在第二阶段中，PEO后通过电沉积Ca形成厚而致密的Ca层。最后，进行水热处理以化学结合PEO层中的P离子和电沉积层中的Ca离子。通过水热处理形成的无定形磷酸钙复合层增强了成骨细胞活性并减少了H2O2的产生，这是细胞已知的应激指标。共培养成骨细胞和RAW 264.7细胞的结果是，无定形磷酸钙的形成增加了成骨细胞的分化并降低了破骨细胞的分化。将具有通过水热处理添加的无定形磷酸钙复合层的合金植入大鼠胫骨，可减少初始生物降解并促进新骨的形成。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The cell membrane establishes an important paradigm for the molecular engineering of coatings for implantable devices because of its intrinsic biocompatibility and ability to act as a template for the assembly of diverse membrane-associated macromolecules. A stabilized membrane-mimetic film was assembled on alginate/Ca(2+) hydrogel microcapsules by in situ polymerization of an acrylate functionalized phospholipid. The phospholipid monomer was prepared as unilamellar vesicles and fused onto octadecyl chains that were components of an amphiphilic terpolymer anchored onto a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) by electrostatic interactions. Microcapsules coated with a membrane-mimetic film were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice, and the short-term biostability and biocompatibility of membrane-mimetic films assembled on two different alginate/poly(l-lysine) PEM cushions were compared. The nature of the underlying PEM support had a profound impact on the biocompatibility of the membrane-mimetic film, as the percentage of retrieved microcapsules completely overgrown with host cells shifted from 66+/-5.9% to less than 1% when modifications to the PEM were made. When assembled on the appropriate PEM support, biocompatibility of membrane-mimetic-coated microspheres was high wherein 87.5+/-5.7% of the implanted microspheres were retrieved 4 weeks after implantation and 92.6+/-6.4% of the retrieved capsules were free of cell adhesion or fibrotic overgrowth. Finally, 4 weeks after implantation, microspheres coated with a Texas red-labeled membrane-mimetic film were imaged with confocal microscopy and exhibited a uniform film around the periphery of the implant, indicating a high degree of film biostability. Hence, membrane-mimetic films provide a new route for generating robust, biocompatible, and biochemically heterogeneous coatings for implantable devices through molecular self-assembly.

背景与目标： ：由于其固有的生物相容性和充当各种膜相关大分子组装的模板的能力，细胞膜为可植入设备的涂层分子工程建立了重要的范例。通过丙烯酸酯官能化磷脂的原位聚合将稳定的膜模拟膜组装在藻酸盐/ Ca（2）水凝胶微胶囊上。将磷脂单体制备为单层囊泡，并融合到十八烷基链上，十八烷基链是通过静电相互作用锚定在聚电解质多层（PEM）上的两亲三元共聚物的组成部分。将涂有膜模拟膜的微胶囊植入C57BL / 6小鼠的腹膜腔中，并比较组装在两种不同藻酸盐/聚（1-赖氨酸）PEM垫上的膜模拟膜的短期生物稳定性和生物相容性。潜在的PEM载体的性质对模拟膜的生物相容性产生了深远的影响，因为当对PEM进行修饰时，完全被宿主细胞长满的回收微胶囊的百分比从66 /-5.9%变为小于1％。制成。当在适当的PEM支架上组装时，膜模拟包被的微球的生物相容性很高，其中植入后4周回收了87.5 /-5.7%的植入微球，而92.6 /-6.4%的回收胶囊没有细胞粘附或纤维化过度生长。最后，在植入后4周，用共聚焦显微镜对涂有德克萨斯红标记膜模拟膜的微球进行成像，并在植入物周围显示出均匀的膜，表明膜的生物稳定性很高。因此，模拟膜膜为通过分子自组装为植入式设备生成坚固，生物相容性和生化异构涂层提供了一条新途径。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Typically, tissue-engineered scaffolds mimic the topographical properties of the native extracellular matrix. However, other physical properties, such as the scaffold mechanical stiffness, are not imitated. The purpose of this study was to fabricate scaffolds with improved mechanical properties and investigate their biocompatibility towards endothelial cells and platelets. To enhance mechanical properties, an electrospinning apparatus was developed that fabricates fibers with sheath-core morphologies. Different combinations of cellulose acetate and chitosan were chosen to modulate the mechanical properties of the formed fibers. We hypothesized that mechanically stiffer scaffolds would improve endothelial cell growth and that all scaffolds would be compatible towards endothelial cells and platelets. Endothelial cell-culture conditions were quantified up to 5 days. Migration onto scaffolds was monitored for 10 days. Platelet aggregation, antagonized by thrombin receptor agonist peptide 6, was measured after scaffold incubation. A platelet activation time-course was assessed with the modified prothrombinase assay. As scaffold mechanical stiffness increased, endothelial cell growth within and adhesion to and migration throughout the scaffolds was promoted. Also, scaffolds did not induce platelet aggregation or activation. These results indicate that the mechanical stiffness of engineered scaffolds regulates endothelial cell-culture parameters and that these sheath-core electrospun scaffolds are compatible towards endothelial cells and platelets.

背景与目标： 通常，组织工程支架模拟天然细胞外基质的地形特征。但是，其他物理属性（如脚手架的机械刚度）并未被模仿。这项研究的目的是制造具有改善的机械性能的支架，并研究其对内皮细胞和血小板的生物相容性。为了增强机械性能，开发了一种电纺丝设备，该设备可制造具有皮芯形态的纤维。选择乙酸纤维素和壳聚糖的不同组合以调节形成的纤维的机械性能。我们假设机械上较硬的支架将改善内皮细胞的生长，并且所有支架都将与内皮细胞和血小板相容。量化内皮细胞培养条件长达5天。监测到支架上的迁移10天。支架孵育后，测量凝血酶受体激动剂肽6拮抗的血小板聚集。用改良的凝血酶原酶测定法评估血小板活化的时间过程。随着支架机械刚度的增加，促进了内皮细胞在支架内的生长以及在支架上的粘附和迁移。而且，支架不诱导血小板聚集或活化。这些结果表明工程支架的机械刚度调节内皮细胞培养参数，并且这些鞘芯电纺支架与内皮细胞和血小板相容。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a naturally occurring tissue matrix composed of extracellular matrix proteins and various growth factors. SIS is derived from the porcine jejunum and functions as a remodeling scaffold for tissue repair. While SIS has proven to be a useful biomaterial for implants in vivo, problems associated with endothelialization and thrombogenicity of SIS implants may limit its vascular utility. The goal of this study was to determine if the biological properties of SIS could be improved by growing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on SIS and allowing these cells to deposit human basement membrane proteins on the porcine substrate to create what we have called "conditioned" SIS (c-SIS). Using an approach in which HUVEC were grown for 2 weeks on SIS and then removed via a technique that leaves behind an intact basement membrane, we hypothesized that the surface properties of SIS might be improved. We found that when re-seeded on c-SIS, HUVEC exhibited enhanced organization of cell junctions and had increased metabolic activity compared to cells on native SIS (n-SIS). Furthermore, HUVEC grown on c-SIS released lower amounts of the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin PGI2 into the media compared to cells grown on n-SIS. Additionally, we found that adhesion of resting or activated human platelets to c-SIS was significantly decreased compared to n-SIS suggesting that, in addition to improved cell growth characteristics, conditioning SIS with human basement membrane proteins might decrease its thrombogenic potential. In summary, conditioning of porcine SIS by human endothelial cells improves key biological properties of the material that may improve its usefulness as remodeling scaffold for tissue repair. Identification of critical modifications of SIS by human endothelial cells should help guide future efforts to develop more biocompatible vascular grafts.

背景与目标： 小肠粘膜下层（SIS）是由细胞外基质蛋白和各种生长因子组成的天然组织基质。 SIS来源于猪空肠，并作为组织修复的重塑支架。尽管已证明SIS是体内植入物的有用生物材料，但与SIS植入物的内皮化和血栓形成有关的问题可能会限制其血管利用。这项研究的目的是确定SIS的生物学特性是否可以通过在SIS上生长人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）并使这些细胞在猪基质上沉积人基底膜蛋白来创造，从而创造出我们所谓的“条件” SIS（c-SIS）。我们假设使用HUVEC在SIS上生长2周，然后通过留下完整的基底膜的技术将其除去的方法，我们假设SIS的表面性能可能会得到改善。我们发现，当在c-SIS上重新播种时，与天然SIS（n-SIS）上的细胞相比，HUVEC表现出增强的细胞连接组织，并具有增加的代谢活性。此外，与在n-SIS上生长的细胞相比，在c-SIS上生长的HUVEC将较少量的促炎性前列腺素PGI2释放到培养基中。此外，我们发现与n-SIS相比，静止或激活的人类血小板对c-SIS的粘附力显着降低，这表明，除了改善细胞生长特性外，用人类基底膜蛋白调节SIS可能会降低其血栓形成潜能。总之，人内皮细胞对猪SIS的调节改善了该材料的关键生物学特性，可以提高其作为用于组织修复的重塑支架的有用性。人内皮细胞对SIS的关键修饰的鉴定应有助于指导未来开发更具生物相容性的血管移植物的努力。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Among the various biomaterials available for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates offer the most diverse range of thermal and mechanical properties. In this study, the biocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB); containing 50 mol % of 4-hydroxybutyrate] copolymer produced by Delftia acidovorans was evaluated. The cytotoxicity, mode of cell death, and genotoxicity of P(3HB-co-4HB) extract against V79 and L929 fibroblast cells were assessed using MTT assay, acridine orange/propidium iodide staining, and alkaline comet assay, respectively. Our results demonstrate that P(3HB-co-4HB) treated on both cell lines were comparable with clinically-used Polyglactin 910, where more than 60% of viable cells were observed following 72-h treatment at 200 mg/mL. Further morphological investigation on the mode of cell death showed an increase in apoptotic cells in a time-dependent manner in both cell lines. On the other hand, P(3HB-co-4HB) at 200 mg/mL showed no genotoxic effects as determined by alkaline comet assay following 72-h treatment. In conclusion, our study indicated that P(3HB-co-4HB) compounds showed good biocompatibility in fibroblast cells suggesting that it has potential to be used for future medical applications.

背景与目标： ：在可用于组织工程和治疗应用的各种生物材料中，微生物聚羟基链烷酸酯具有最广泛的热和机械性能范围。在这项研究中，聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-4-羟基丁酸酯）[P（3HB-co-4HB）;评价了由Delftia acidovorans生产的含有50mol％的4-羟基丁酸酯]共聚物的共聚物。使用MTT法，assay啶橙/碘化丙啶染色和碱彗星法分别评估了P（3HB-co-4HB）提取物对V79和L929成纤维细胞的细胞毒性，细胞死亡方式和遗传毒性。我们的结果表明，在两种细胞系上处理的P（3HB-co-4HB）与临床使用的Polyglactin 910相当，在200 mg / mL的72小时处理后观察到超过60％的活细胞。对细胞死亡方式的进一步形态学研究显示，两种细胞系中凋亡细胞均以时间依赖性方式增加。另一方面，200 mg / mL的P（3HB-co-4HB）在72小时的处理后通过碱彗星测定没有显示出遗传毒性作用。总之，我们的研究表明P（3HB-co-4HB）化合物在成纤维细胞中显示出良好的生物相容性，这表明它有潜力用于未来的医学应用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Alteration in the chemical composition of a biomaterial may be undertaken to improve its biological properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the biocompatibility of three chemical compositions of Ricinus communis polyurethane (RCP): RCPp (pure RCP), RCP + CaCO(3), and RCP +Ca(3)(PO(4))(2). RCP cylinders were surgically implanted in rabbit femurs. After 8, 12, and 16 weeks, the femurs were removed, fixed, sectioned, ground, and stained by Stevenel's blue/Alizarin red S for light microscopy and histomorphometry. The osseointegration and osseoconductivity were calculated by means of image analysis and the data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test. Osseointegration was already completed after 8 weeks on RCP + Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) because similar values were found from week 8 to 16, whereas it showed a time-dependent increase on RCPp and RCP +CaCO(3). The osseointegration was greater on RCP + Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) in all periods when compared with RCPp, and after 8 and 12 weeks when compared with RCP + CaCO(3). None of the RCP samples presented osseoconductivity. The present results showed that RCP blended with calcium phosphate improved the biocompatibility by both enhancing and accelerating its osseointegration. Based on the absence of osseoconductivity, RCP was considered to be a bioinert material.

背景与目标： ：可以通过改变生物材料的化学组成来改善其生物学特性。这项工作的目的是评估蓖麻聚氨酯（RCP）的三种化学成分的生物相容性：RCPp（纯RCP），RCP CaCO（3）和RCP Ca（3）（PO（4））（2）。将RCP圆柱体通过外科手术植入兔股骨中。 8、12和16周后，取股骨，固定，切片，磨碎，并用史蒂文尔氏蓝/茜素红S染色，以进行光学显微镜检查和组织形态学测定。通过图像分析计算骨整合和骨电导率，并将数据提交给Kruskal-Wallis检验，然后进行Dunn检验。在8周后，RCP Ca（3）（PO（4））（2）上的骨整合已经完成，因为从第8周到第16周发现了相似的值，而RCPp和RCP CaCO（3）随时间增加。与RCPp相比，RCP Ca（3）（PO（4））（2）在所有时期的骨整合都更大，与RCP CaCO（3）相比在8周和12周之后。没有RCP样品表现出骨电导率。目前的结果表明，RCP与磷酸钙共混可通过增强和加速其骨整合来改善生物相容性。基于不存在骨导电性，RCP被认为是一种生物惰性材料。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Novel biodegradable segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) were synthesized with polycaprolactone diol, 4,4'-methylen bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), and either L-glutathione or its constituent amino acids (L-glutamic acid, L-cysteine and glycine) as chain extenders. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the feasibility of obtaining polyurethanes through the presence of NH (Amide II), C-N, C-O, and C=O bands and the absence of NCO band. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction revealed that a semicrystalline polymer (T m = 42-52 °C; 2θ = 21.3° and 23°) was obtained in all cases, while dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed an amorphous phase (T g = -30 to -36 (o)C). These properties, in addition to their high molecular weight, led to high moduli and higher extensibilities when glycine and glutamic acid were used as chain extenders. Clotting times (Lee-White test) and activated partial thromboplastin time determined on these polyurethanes were longer than with glass. In addition, all synthesized SPU exhibited platelet activation indexes below the collagen type I positive control. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells viability was higher in SPUs containing either glycine or cysteine. The obtained results indicate that SPUs that use cysteine as chain extender are promising candidates for cardiovascular applications.

背景与目标： ：用聚己内酯二醇，4,4'-亚甲基双（环己基异氰酸酯）和L-谷胱甘肽或其组成氨基酸（L-谷氨酸，L-半胱氨酸和甘氨酸）合成新型可生物降解的分段聚氨酯（SPU） ）作为扩链剂。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析揭示了通过存在NH（酰胺II），C-N，C-O和C = O谱带以及不存在NCO谱带获得聚氨酯的可行性。差示扫描量热法和X射线衍射表明，在所有情况下均获得半结晶聚合物（T m = 42-52°C；2θ= 21.3°和23°），而动态力学分析（DMA）显示出非晶相（T g ＝ -30至-36（o）C）。当使用甘氨酸和谷氨酸作为扩链剂时，这些特性，除了分子量高之外，还导致了高模量和更高的延伸性。在这些聚氨酯上测定的凝结时间（李白试验）和活化的部分凝血活酶时间长于玻璃。另外，所有合成的SPU均显示出低于I型胶原阳性对照的血小板活化指数。在含有甘氨酸或半胱氨酸的SPU中，人脐静脉内皮细胞的活力较高。获得的结果表明，使用半胱氨酸作为扩链剂的SPU是有希望的心血管应用候选药物。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely examined for biomedical applications. However, surface functionalization of CNTs with polymers is often required to improve their application performance. To obtain these CNT-based polymer nanocomposites, surface-initiated polymerization strategies are generally adopted. However, all of these methods rely on the surface oxidation of CNTs, which is a rather complex and time-consuming procedure, and involves hazardous reagents. In this work, a facile and efficient bio-inspired strategy was developed for surface PEGylation of CNTs via a combination of mussel-inspired chemistry and the Michael addition reaction. The potential biomedical applications of these PEGylated CNTs were evaluated for intracellular delivery of a normally used anticancer drug (Doxorubicin hydrochloride). Two steps were involved in this strategy, which included the surface coating of CNTs with polydopamine (PDA) through self-polymerization of dopamine, and a Michael addition reaction between the PDA-coated CNTs (CNT-PDA) and amino-functionalized polymers, which were obtained by free radical polymerization using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide as monomers. Results suggested that these PEGylated CNTs are well dispersed in aqueous solution and showed improved biocompatibility toward cancer cells. On the other hand, we also demonstrated that DOX can be effectively loaded on these PEGylated CNTs and delivered into cells for cancer treatment. More importantly, this strategy can also be utilized for surface modification of many other materials with different polymers due to the strong and universal adhesion of PDA and designability of polymerization. Therefore, this method should be of great interest for the fabrication of multifunctional nanocomposites for biomedical applications.

背景与目标： ：碳纳米管（CNTs）已被广泛用于生物医学应用。然而，通常需要用聚合物对CNT进行表面官能化以改善其应用性能。为了获得这些基于CNT的聚合物纳米复合材料，通常采用表面引发的聚合策略。但是，所有这些方法都依赖于CNT的表面氧化，这是一个相当复杂且耗时的过程，并且涉及有害试剂。在这项工作中，通过贻贝启发式化学反应和迈克尔加成反应的结合，开发了一种简便有效的生物启发性策略，用于碳纳米管的表面聚乙二醇化。评估了这些PEG化CNT的潜在生物医学应用对正常使用的抗癌药物（盐酸阿霉素）的细胞内递送的作用。此策略涉及两个步骤，包括通过多巴胺的自聚合作用用聚多巴胺（PDA）对CNT进行表面涂覆，以及PDA涂覆的CNT（CNT-PDA）与氨基官能化聚合物之间的迈克尔加成反应，通过使用聚（乙二醇）甲基丙烯酸甲酯和N-（3-氨基丙基）甲基丙烯酰胺作为单体的自由基聚合反应获得。结果表明这些聚乙二醇化的碳纳米管很好地分散在水溶液中，并显示出对癌细胞的改善的生物相容性。另一方面，我们还证明了DOX可以有效地负载在这些PEG化的CNT上并传递到细胞中进行癌症治疗。更重要的是，由于PDA的牢固和通用粘合性以及聚合的可设计性，该策略还可用于使用其他不同聚合物对许多其他材料进行表面改性。因此，该方法对于生物医学应用的多功能纳米复合材料的制造应引起极大的兴趣。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To evaluate and compare the response of pulps of rats capped with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) or self-etching adhesive system. METHODOLOGY:Class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surface of 54 maxillary first molars of 27 rats. Pulp exposure was performed on the cavity floor. The following resin-based materials were applied as pulp-capping agents: G1, Clearfil Liner Bond 2V (CLB 2V; Kuraray Co., Japan); G2, Vitrebond (VIT; 3M/ESPE, USA). In group 3 (control group), a calcium hydroxide/saline paste (CH; Labsynth, Brazil) was used. The cavities were restored with amalgam. After 7, 30 and 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and the jaws were processed for microscopic evaluation. RESULTS:Despite the inflammatory response caused by the experimental and the control materials at 7 days, pulpal healing associated with calcified barrier formation was observed at 60 days following the pulp therapy. Both resin-based materials promoted a large zone of cell-rich fibrodentine matrix deposition on the pulp horn related to the pulp exposure site, which was larger to VIT than to CLB 2V specimens. Tertiary dentine underneath the fibrodentine matrix was deposited by a layer of elongated pulpal cells. The remaining pulpal tissue exhibited normal histological characteristics. In the control group, healing and dentine-bridge formation was observed at 30 days. Pulpal breakdown occurred only when bacterial infection occurred. CONCLUSION:Both experimental pulp-capping agents allowed pulpal healing characterized by cell-rich fibrodentine and tertiary dentine deposition as well as calcified barrier formation.

背景与目标： 目的：评估和比较用树脂改性的玻璃离聚物水泥（RMGIC）或自蚀刻胶粘剂系统覆盖的大鼠牙髓的反应。
方法：在27只大鼠的54颗上颌第一磨牙的咬合面上准备I级腔。在模腔地板上进行纸浆暴露。以下树脂基材料用作纸浆封盖剂：G1，Clearfil Liner Bond 2V（CLB 2V；日本可乐丽公司）； G2，Vitrebond（VIT； 3M / ESPE，美国）。在第3组（对照组）中，使用氢氧化钙/盐浆（CH； Labsynth，Brazil）。用汞合金修复了蛀牙。在第7、30和60天后，处死动物并处理颌骨以进行显微镜评估。
结果：尽管实验和对照材料在第7天引起炎症反应，但在牙髓治疗后60天观察到与钙化屏障形成有关的牙髓愈合。两种基于树脂的材料都在与牙髓暴露部位有关的牙髓角上促进了大面积的富含细胞的纤维状牙本质基质的沉积，这对VIT而言比对CLB 2V标本更大。纤维状牙本质基质下方的叔牙本质被一层细长的牙髓细胞沉积。剩余的牙髓组织表现出正常的组织学特征。在对照组中，在30天时观察到愈合和牙本质桥形成。仅当发生细菌感染时才发生牙髓衰竭。
结论：这两种实验性牙髓封闭剂均能使牙髓愈合，其特征是富含细胞的纤齿素和叔牙本质沉积以及钙化的屏障形成。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The in vitro responses of Schwann cells (RT4-D6P2T, a schwannoma cell line derived from a chemically induced rat peripheral neurotumor) on various types of electrospun fibrous scaffolds of some commercially available biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, i.e., poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), and chitosan (CS), were reported in comparison with those of the cells on corresponding solution-cast film scaffolds as well as on a tissue-culture polystyrene plate (TCPS), used as the positive control. At 24 h after cell seeding, the viability of the attached cells on the various substrates could be ranked as follows: PCL film > TCPS > PCL fibrous > PLLA fibrous > PHBV film > CS fibrous approximately CS film approximately PLLA film > PHB film > PHBV fibrous > PHB fibrous. At day 3 of cell culture, the viability of the proliferated cells on the various substrates could be ranked as follows: TCPS > PHBV film > PLLA film > PCL film > PLLA fibrous > PHB film approximately PCL fibrous > CS fibrous > CS film > PHB fibrous > PHBV fibrous. At approximately 8 h after cell seeding, the cells on the flat surfaces of all of the film scaffolds and that of the PCL nanofibrous scaffold appeared in their characteristic spindle shape, while those on the surfaces of the PHB, PHBV, and PLLA macrofibrous scaffolds also appeared in their characteristic spindle shape, but with the cells being able to penetrate to the inner side of the scaffolds.

背景与目标： ：雪旺氏细胞（RT4-D6P2T，一种从化学诱导的大鼠周围神经肿瘤衍生的神经鞘瘤细胞系）对某些类型的市售生物相容性和可生物降解聚合物，即聚（3-羟基丁酸）的电纺纤维支架的体外反应与（PHB），聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯）（PHBV），聚己内酯（PCL），聚（l-乳酸）（PLLA）和壳聚糖（CS）进行了比较在相应溶液流延膜支架以及组织培养聚苯乙烯平板（TCPS）上的细胞作为阳性对照。细胞接种后24小时，可将附着在各个基质上的细胞的生存能力分级如下：PCL膜> TCPS> PCL纤维> PLLA纤维> PHBV膜> CS纤维大约CS膜大约PLLA膜> PHB膜> PHBV纤维> PHB纤维。在细胞培养的第3天，可将增殖后的细胞在各种底物上的生存能力分级如下：TCPS> PHBV膜> PLLA膜> PCL膜> PLLA纤维> PHB膜近似于PCL纤维> CS纤维> CS膜> PHB纤维> PHBV纤维。细胞接种后约8小时，所有薄膜支架和PCL纳米纤维支架的平坦表面上的细胞均呈现其特有的纺锤形，而PHB，PHBV和PLLA宏观纤维支架的表面上的细胞也呈特征纺锤形。它们以其特有的纺锤形出现，但细胞能够穿透到支架的内侧。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Two varieties of collagen/sodium hyaluronan membranes were used as dermal substitutes in a biocompatibility implantation study on rats. In order to improve especially the physical and mechanical properties of the material, the membranes were chemically modified using a combination of hexamethylenediisocyanate (HMDC) as a crosslinker and polyoxy-ethylene (POE) as a spacer. According to both macroscopic and microscopic histological observations, the membranes were well accepted by the surrounding host tissue in all the animals. No major differences in relation to the outgrowth of the material by host tissue have been observed between the implant varieties A and B. The most important finding was that no pathological changes or important alterations of the host tissues were detected.

背景与目标： ：在大鼠的生物相容性植入研究中，使用了两种胶原/透明质酸钠膜作为真皮替代物。为了特别提高材料的物理和机械性能，使用六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HMDC）作为交联剂和聚氧乙烯（POE）作为间隔物的组合对膜进行了化学修饰。根据宏观和微观组织学观察，在所有动物中，膜都被周围宿主组织很好地接受。在植入物品种A和B之间，没有观察到与宿主组织的材料生长有关的主要差异。最重要的发现是未检测到宿主组织的病理变化或重要变化。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser has been introduced as an effective method in the decontamination of implant surfaces. Data concerning the effects of the Er: YAG laser on the biological and surface properties of titanium are conflicting. Cellular behavior is greatly affected by surface properties, including composition, roughness, wettability, and morphology of the titanium surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the Er: YAG laser on the biocompatibility, surface roughness, and wettability of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces. Twenty-one SLA titanium disks were irradiated by the Er: YAG laser at a pulse energy of 100 mJ, with a pulse frequency of 10 Hz under water irrigation for 1 min. Cell viability, surface roughness, and wettability alterations were evaluated. Thirteen nonirradiated SLA disks were used as the control groups. Human osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells were seeded onto the disks in culture media. Cell viability was evaluated using the methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. The surface roughness and wettability of the test and control groups were measured using profilometer and tensiometer devices, respectively. A significantly higher cell viability rate was observed in the test group (p = 0.032). The surface roughness was significantly reduced in the test group compared with the control group (p = 0.008). The surface wettability was significantly higher in the test group (p = 0.004). Within the limits of this study, the application of the Er: YAG laser with the previously described properties did not appear to have adverse effects on the biocompatibility of the SLA titanium surfaces. Application of this laser decreased the surface roughness and increased the wettability of the SLA titanium surfaces.

背景与目标： ：已引入：钇铝石榴石（Er：YAG）激光作为对植入物表面进行去污的有效方法。关于Er：YAG激光对钛的生物学和表面性质的影响的数据相互矛盾。细胞行为受表面性质的极大影响，包括钛表面的组成，粗糙度，润湿性和形态。这项研究的目的是研究Er：YAG激光对喷砂和酸蚀（SLA）钛表面的生物相容性，表面粗糙度和润湿性的影响。用Er：YAG激光在水灌条件下以100mJ的脉冲能量和10Hz的脉冲频率辐照二十一个SLA钛圆片。评估细胞活力，表面粗糙度和润湿性变化。十三个未辐照的SLA光盘用作对照组。将人成骨细胞样的SaOs-2细胞接种到培养基中的圆盘上。使用甲基噻唑四唑鎓测定法评估细胞活力。分别使用轮廓仪和张力仪装置测量测试组和对照组的表面粗糙度和润湿性。在测试组中观察到明显更高的细胞生存率（p = 0.032）。与对照组相比，测试组的表面粗糙度明显降低（p = 0.008）。在测试组中，表面润湿性明显更高（p = 0.004）。在这项研究的范围内，具有上述特性的Er：YAG激光的应用似乎对SLA钛表面的生物相容性没有不利影响。这种激光的应用降低了表面粗糙度，并提高了SLA钛表面的可湿性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of amalgam, gray MTA and white MTA in the connective tissue of rats. We used 45 Sprague-Dawley rats in this study. The rats were divided into three groups. Root end filling materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and inserted into the rats' connective tissue through incisions. The rats were sacrificed after 3 days, 1 wk, and 3 wk, respectively. Histologic samples were sectioned in 5-mum thicknesses and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that after 3 days, white MTA was more biocompatible than gray MTA and amalgam. After 1 week, gray MTA was more biocompatible than white MTA and Amalgam. After 3 wk, there were no significant differences between experimental groups and the control group.

背景与目标： ：本研究的目的是比较汞合金，灰色MTA和白色MTA在大鼠结缔组织中的生物相容性。在这项研究中，我们使用了45只Sprague-Dawley大鼠。将大鼠分为三组。将根端填充材料放入聚乙烯管中，并通过切口将其插入大鼠的结缔组织中。 3天，1周和3周后分别处死大鼠。将组织学样品切成5微米厚，并用苏木精和曙红染色。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行统计分析。结果显示，三天后，白色MTA比灰色MTA和汞合金具有更高的生物相容性。 1周后，灰色MTA比白色MTA和汞齐更具生物相容性。 3周后，实验组与对照组之间无显着差异。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Ion Release and biocompatibility of a CaO-SrO-ZnO-SiO₂ (BT 101) based glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) was compared against commercial GPCs, Fuji IX and Ketac Molar. The radiopacity (R) was similar for each material, 2.0-2.8. Ion release was evaluated on each material over 1, 7, 30 and 90 days. BT 101 release included Ca (23 mg/L), Sr (23 mg/L) Zn (13 mg/L), Si (203 mg/L). Fuji IX release includes Ca (0.7 mg/L), Al (3 mg/L) Si (26 mg/L), Na (60 mg/L) and P (0.5 mg/L) while Ketac Molar release includes Ca (1 mg/L), Al (0.6 mg/L) Si (23 mg/L), Na (76 mg/L) and P (0.7 mg/L). Simulated body fluid trials revealed CaP surface precipitation on BT 101. No evidence of precipitation was found on Fuji IX or Ketac Molar. Cytotoxicity testing found similar cell viability values for each material (~60 %, P = 1.000). Antibacterial testing determined a reduced CFU count with BT 101 (2.5 × 10³) when compared to the control bacteria (2.4 × 10⁴), Fuji IX (1.5 × 10⁴) and Ketac Molar (1.2 × 10⁴).

背景与目标： ：比较了CaO-SrO-ZnO-SiO 2（BT 101）基玻璃聚链烯酸酯水泥（GPC）与商业GPC，Fuji IX和Ketac Molar的离子释放和生物相容性。每种材料的射线不透性（R）相似，为2.0-2.8。在1、7、30和90天内评估每种材料的离子释放。 BT 101释放包括Ca（23 mg / L），Sr（23 mg / L），Zn（13 mg / L），Si（203 mg / L）。富士IX释放包含Ca（0.7 mg / L），Al（3 mg / L）Si（26 mg / L），Na（60 mg / L）和P（0.5 mg / L），而Ketac Molar释放包含Ca（1毫克/升），铝（0.6毫克/升），硅（23毫克/升），钠（76毫克/升）和磷（0.7毫克/升）。模拟的体液试验揭示了CaP表面在BT 101上的沉淀。在Fuji IX或Ketac Molar上未发现沉淀的迹象。细胞毒性测试发现每种材料的细胞生存力值相似（〜60％，P = 1.000）。与对照细菌（2.4×10 bacteria），富士IX（1.5×10⁴）和Ketac Molar（1.2×10⁴）相比，抗菌测试确定BT 101（2.5×10³）的CFU减少。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based materials produce calcium hydroxide as a byproduct of their hydration reaction. The present study investigated whether calcium ion release (CIR) affects their biological and antimicrobial properties when used as pulp protection materials. The effect of incorporation of micro-silica and calcium phosphate monobasic to radiopacified TCS-based materials was investigated. The commercial TCS-based Biodentine, Bio-C Pulpo, TotalFill Root Repair Material, TheraCal LC and a base/liner- ACTIVA BioACTIVE (Activa) were also evaluated. The hydration and CIR were monitored and correlated with biocompatibility and antimicrobial assessment of eluates. Overall, the additives altered the hydration and leaching profile of the prototype cements. The micro-silica inclusion resulted in a decreased long-term calcium hydroxide formation which was associated with neutralised cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Calcium phosphate did not alter the leaching profile, although a stronger antibacterial effect was induced. The commercial materials also had different CIR profiles. The water-based ones had higher CIR, and this was associated with stronger antimicrobial effect but not enhanced biological activity. Both TheraCal LC and Activa exhibited poor degree of conversion, low CIR, acceptable biocompatibility and moderate antibacterial activity. A positive correlation of CIR with antibacterial effectiveness was observed (0.3 < r < 0.49; p = 0.021, p = 0.011 for the two test bacterial cultures). No relation was shown between CIR and cytotoxicity (0.3 < r < 0.49; p = 0.150, p = 0.068 for the two cell cultures studied). The additives modified the CIR. The antimicrobial properties were dependent on the CIR; the cytotoxicity of the materials was unaffected.

背景与目标： ：基于硅酸三钙（TCS）的材料会产生氢氧化钙，这是其水合反应的副产物。本研究调查了钙离子释放（CIR）用作纸浆保护材料时是否会影响其生物学和抗菌性能。研究了将微二氧化硅和磷酸钙一元掺入不透射线的基于TCS的材料中的作用。还评估了基于TCS的商业Biodentine，Bio-C Pulpo，TotalFill根修复材料，TheraCal LC和碱/内衬ACTIVA BioACTIVE（Activa）。监测水合和CIR并将其与洗脱液的生物相容性和抗菌评估相关联。总体而言，添加剂改变了原型水泥的水合作用和浸出特性。微二氧化硅包裹体导致减少的长期氢氧化钙形成，这与中和的细胞毒性和抗菌活性有关。磷酸钙没有改变浸出特性，尽管诱导了更强的抗菌作用。商业材料还具有不同的CIR曲线。水性CIR的CIR较高，这与较强的抗菌作用有关，但没有增强的生物活性。 TheraCal LC和Activa均表现出较差的转化度，较低的CIR，可接受的生物相容性和中等的抗菌活性。观察到CIR与抗菌效果呈正相关（两种测试细菌培养物的0.3