• 【在对日本的泥蟹 (Scylla paramamosain) 进行连续采样的遗传标记下,同时估算混合速率和遗传漂移。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1534/genetics.106.056424 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kitakado T,Kitada S,Obata Y,Kishino H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In stock enhancement programs, it is important to assess mixing rates of released individuals in stocks. For this purpose, genetic stock identification has been applied. The allele frequencies in a composite population are expressed as a mixture of the allele frequencies in the natural and released populations. The estimation of mixing rates is possible, under successive sampling from the composite population, on the basis of temporal changes in allele frequencies. The allele frequencies in the natural population may be estimated from those of the composite population in the preceding year. However, it should be noted that these frequencies can vary between generations due to genetic drift. In this article, we develop a new method for simultaneous estimation of mixing rates and genetic drift in a stock enhancement program. Numerical simulation shows that our procedure estimates the mixing rate with little bias. Although the genetic drift is underestimated when the amount of information is small, reduction of the bias is possible by analyzing multiple unlinked loci. The method was applied to real data on mud crab stocking, and the result showed a yearly variation in the mixing rate.
    背景与目标: : 在股票增强计划中,评估股票中释放个人的混合率非常重要。为此,已应用遗传种群鉴定。复合种群中的等位基因频率表示为自然种群和释放种群中的等位基因频率的混合。根据等位基因频率的时间变化,在从复合种群连续采样的情况下,可以估计混合速率。自然种群中的等位基因频率可以从上一年的复合种群的频率中估算出来。但是,应该注意的是,由于遗传漂移,这些频率可能在几代之间变化。在本文中,我们开发了一种新方法,用于在种群增强程序中同时估计混合速率和遗传漂移。数值模拟表明,我们的程序估计混合速率的偏差很小。尽管当信息量较小时,遗传漂移被低估了,但通过分析多个未链接的基因座,可以减少偏倚。该方法应用于泥蟹放养的实际数据,结果显示混合速率每年都有变化。
  • 【[标记物pap-psa在前列腺癌诊断中的作用]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Petrone U,Gaspari G,Marascia G,Magnocavallo N,Petrone D,Tucci C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Authors report their personal experience relating to diagnostic screening for prostatic carcinoma using serum assays for specific markers of this tumour: prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA). They underline the importance of high serum values of these substances, especially in tumors in an advanced state, and point out that these markers can play a role both in the diagnosis and in the follow-up of prostatic carcinoma.
    背景与目标: : 作者报告了他们的个人经验,他们使用血清检测该肿瘤的特定标志物 (前列腺酸性磷酸酶 (PAP) 和前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)) 进行前列腺癌诊断筛查。他们强调了这些物质的高血清值的重要性,尤其是在晚期肿瘤中,并指出这些标志物可以在前列腺癌的诊断和随访中发挥作用。
  • 【牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后低密度脂蛋白溶液的非线性光学反应的测量: 心血管风险标志物的评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1117/1.jbo.17.11.115004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Monteiro AM,Jardini MA,Giampaoli V,Alves S,Figueiredo Neto AM,Gidlund M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Z-Scan (ZS) technique in the thermal regime has been used to measure the nonlinear optical response of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The ZS technique is carried out in LDL from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis before and after three, six, and 12 months of periodontal treatment. Clinical parameters such as probing depths, bleeding on probing, total and differential white blood cells counts, lipid profiles, cytokine levels, and antibodies against oxidized LDL are also determined and compared over time. Before the treatment, the ZS experimental results reveal that the LDL particles of these patients are heavily modified. Only after 12 months of the periodontal treatment, the ZS results obtained reveal behavioral characteristics of healthy particles. This conclusion is also supported by complementary laboratorial analysis showing that the periodontal treatment induces systemic changes in several inflammatory markers.
    背景与目标: : 热状态下的Z扫描 (ZS) 技术已用于测量低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 的非线性光学响应。ZS技术是在牙周治疗3、6和12个月之前和之后对40例慢性牙周炎患者的LDL进行的。还可以确定临床参数,例如探测深度,探测出血,白细胞总数和差异计数,脂质分布,细胞因子水平以及针对氧化LDL的抗体,并随时间进行比较。治疗前,ZS实验结果表明,这些患者的LDL颗粒已被严重修饰。仅在牙周治疗12个月后,获得的ZS结果才显示出健康颗粒的行为特征。该结论也得到补充实验室分析的支持,该分析表明牙周治疗可引起几种炎症标志物的全身变化。
  • 【胰腺内分泌肿瘤新治疗策略的分子标记。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/MPA.0b013e31826cb243 复制DOI
    作者列表:Gilbert JA,Adhikari LJ,Lloyd RV,Halfdanarson TR,Muders MH,Ames MM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) share numerous features with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors. Targets of novel therapeutic strategies previously assessed in carcinoid tumors were analyzed in PETs (44 cases). METHODS:Activating mutations in EGFR, KIT, and PDGFRA and nonresponse mutations in KRAS were evaluated. Copy number of EGFR and HER-2/neu was quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression of EGFR, PDGFRA, VEGFR1, TGFBR1, Hsp90, SSTR2A, SSTR5, IGF1R, mTOR, and MGMT was measured immunohistochemically. RESULTS:Elevated EGFR copy number was found in 38% of cases but no KRAS nonresponse mutations. VEGFR1, TGFBR1, PDGFRA, SSTR5, SSTR2A, and IGF1R exhibited the highest levels of expression in the largest percentages of PETs.Anticancer drugs BMS-754807 (selective for IGF1R/IR), 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, targeting Hsp90), and axitinib (directed toward VEGFR1-3/PDGFRA-B/KIT) induced growth inhibition of human QGP-1 PET cells with IC50 values (nM) of 273, 723, and 743, respectively. At growth-inhibiting concentrations, BMS-754807 inhibited IGF1R phosphorylation; 17-AAG induced loss of EGFR, IGF1R, and VEGFR2; and axitinib increased p21(CDKN1A) expression without inhibiting VEGFR2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS:Results encourage further research into multidrug strategies incorporating inhibitors targeting IGF1R or Hsp90 and into studies of axitinib combined with conventional chemotherapeutics toxic to tumor cells in persistent growth arrest.
    背景与目标:
  • 【心电图上的QRS持续时间和QRS分度是Ebstein异常患者右心功能不全和心房化的标志。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs362 复制DOI
    作者列表:Egidy Assenza G,Valente AM,Geva T,Graham D,Pluchinotta FR,Sanders SP,Autore C,Volpe M,Landzberg MJ,Cecchin F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Ebstein anomaly is a rare and heterogeneous congenital heart defect affecting the tricuspid valve and right ventricular (RV) myocardium. Few studies have analysed the electrocardiographic features of Ebstein anomaly and none has addressed correlations with disease severity. METHODS:Patients with Ebstein anomaly who had undergone electrocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) within 6 weeks between 2001 and 2009 were included. Exclusion criteria were: associated congenital cardiac defect, previous RV myoplasty and/or reduction surgery, class I anti-arrhythmic drug therapy, and paced/pre-excited QRS. Standard electrocardiogram (ECG) findings were correlated with CMR-based RV measures and clinical profile. RESULTS:The mean age of the 63 study patients was 22 ± 13 years. An RV conduction delay (rsR' pattern in right precordial leads) was present in 45 patients (71%). The QRS duration correlated with anatomic RV diastolic volume (r = +0.56, P < 0.0001) and inversely with RV ejection fraction (EF; r = -0.62, P < 0.0001). The presence of QRS fractionation predicted greater atrialized RV volume (80 ± 31 vs. 45 ± 37 mL/m(2), P < 0.001). Normal QRS duration was associated with smaller anatomic RV diastolic volume (150 ± 57 vs. 256 ± 100 mL/m(2); P < 0.0001), higher RV EF (48 ± 6 vs. 34 ± 14%; P < 0.0001), higher oxygen consumption (VO(2)) at cardiopulmonary exercise (25.8 vs. 21.8 mL/kg/min, P = 0.05) and lower incidence of oxygen desaturation with exercise (25 vs. 65%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION:Delayed and prolonged depolarization of the RV is common in patients with Ebstein anomaly. The QRS duration is a marker of RV enlargement and dysfunction. QRS fractionation is associated with a greater atrialized RV volume. A preserved surface ECG identifies a subset of patients with Ebstein anomaly with mild morphological and functional abnormalities and better clinical profile.
    背景与目标:
  • 【远端胫束带的全面重新分析: 定量解剖,放射线标记和生物力学特性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0363546517707961 复制DOI
    作者列表:Godin JA,Chahla J,Moatshe G,Kruckeberg BM,Muckenhirn KJ,Vap AR,Geeslin AG,LaPrade RF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The qualitative anatomy of the distal iliotibial band (ITB) has previously been described. However, a comprehensive characterization of the quantitative anatomic, radiographic, and biomechanical properties of the Kaplan fibers of the deep distal ITB has not yet been established. It is paramount to delineate these characteristics to fully understand the distal ITB's contribution to rotational knee stability. Purpose/Hypothesis: There were 2 distinct purposes for this study: (1) to perform a quantitative anatomic and radiographic evaluation of the distal ITB's attachment sites and their relationships to pertinent osseous and soft tissue landmarks, and (2) to quantify the biomechanical properties of the deep (Kaplan) fibers of the distal ITB. It was hypothesized that the distal ITB has definable parameters concerning its anatomic attachments and consistent relationships to surgically pertinent landmarks with correlating plain radiographic findings. In addition, it was hypothesized that the biomechanical properties of the Kaplan fibers would support their role as important restraints against internal rotation. STUDY DESIGN:Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS:Ten nonpaired, fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees (mean age, 61.1 years; range, 54-65 years) were dissected for anatomic and radiographic purposes. A coordinate measuring device quantified the attachment areas of the distal ITB to the distal femur, patella, and proximal tibia and their relationships to pertinent bony landmarks. A radiographic analysis was performed by inserting pins into the attachment sites of relevant anatomic structures to assess their location relative to pertinent bony landmarks with fluoroscopic guidance. A further biomechanical assessment of 10 cadaveric knees quantified the load to failure and stiffness of the Kaplan fibers' insertion on the distal femur after a preconditioning protocol. RESULTS:Two separate deep (Kaplan) fiber bundles were identified with attachments to 2 newly identified femoral bony prominences (ridges). The proximal and distal bundles inserted on the distal femur 53.6 mm (95% CI, 50.7-56.6 mm) and 31.4 mm (95% CI, 27.3-35.5 mm) proximal to the lateral epicondyle, respectively. The centers of the bundle insertions were 22.5 mm (95% CI, 19.1-25.9 mm) apart. The total insertion area of the distal ITB on the proximal tibia was 429.1 mm2 (95% CI, 349.2-509.1 mm2). A distinct capsulo-osseous layer of the distal ITB was also identified that was intimately related to the lateral knee capsule. Its origin was in close proximity to the lateral gastrocnemius tubercle, and it inserted on the proximal tibia at the lateral tibial tubercle between the fibular head and the Gerdy tubercle. Radiographic analysis supported the quantitative anatomic findings. The mean maximum load during pull-to-failure testing was 71.3 N (95% CI, 41.2-101.4 N) and 170.2 N (95% CI, 123.6-216.8 N) for the proximal and distal Kaplan bundles, respectively. CONCLUSION:The most important finding of this study was that 2 distinct deep bundles (Kaplan fibers) of the distal ITB were identified. Each bundle of the deep layer of the ITB was associated with a newly identified distinct bony ridge. Radiographic analysis confirmed the measurements previously recorded and established reproducible landmarks for the newly described structures. Biomechanical testing revealed that the Kaplan fibers had a strong attachment to the distal femur, thereby supporting a role in rotational knee stability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:The identification of 2 distinct deep fiber (Kaplan) attachments clarifies the function of the ITB more definitively. The results also support the role of the ITB in rotatory knee stability because of the fibers' vectors and their identified maximum loads. These findings provide the anatomic and biomechanical foundation needed for the development of reconstruction or repair techniques to anatomically address these deficiencies in knee ligament injuries.
    背景与目标:
  • 【使用匿名显性标记 (aflp,issr和rapd) 进行系统发育推断的惩罚。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Simmons MP,Zhang LB,Webb CT,Müller K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :AFLPs (and to a lesser extent ISSRs and RAPDs) are increasingly being used for phylogenetic inference among closely related species. Presence/absence characters for each AFLP allele treat all absences as homologous to one another. With three or more alleles, terminals are grouped by their shared absence of alleles in character-based phylogenetic-inference methods in a manner that is not redundant with their shared presence of an alternative allele. We conducted simulations to quantify how severe the negative effect of using presence/absence characters of individual bands is for phylogenetic inference relative to standard multistate characters. We examined alternative tree topologies, relative branch lengths, numbers of characters, rates of evolution, and numbers of alternative alleles, using both parsimony and Nei-and-Li distance analyses. Multistate parsimony generally outperformed presence/absence parsimony, which in turn outperformed Nei-and-Li distance. Increasing the character-state space (i.e., the number of alternative character states available) was found to be advantageous for all three methods of analysis examined, but was most advantageous for multistate parsimony. However, the advantage of multistate parsimony relative to Nei-and-Li distance decreased when applied to more divergent characters. More parsimony-informative variation generally alleviated the problem associated with scoring multistate characters as presence/absence characters. The ensemble consistency index was lower for presence/absence characters relative to multistate characters.
    背景与目标: : aflp (以及在较小程度上的issr和rapd) 越来越多地用于密切相关物种的系统发育推断。每个AFLP等位基因的存在/不存在字符将所有不存在视为彼此同源。对于三个或更多等位基因,在基于字符的系统发育推断方法中,通过它们共享等位基因的缺失对末端进行分组,其方式与它们共享的替代等位基因的存在无关。我们进行了模拟,以量化相对于标准多状态特征而言,使用单个条带的存在/不存在特征对系统发育推断的负面影响有多严重。我们使用解析和Nei-and-Li距离分析检查了替代树的拓扑,相对分支长度,字符数,进化速率和替代等位基因数。多状态解析通常优于存在/不存在解析,从而优于Nei和Li距离。发现增加字符状态空间 (即可用的替代字符状态的数量) 对于所检查的所有三种分析方法都是有利的,但对于多状态解析最有利。但是,当应用于更多发散的字符时,多状态解析相对于Nei和Li距离的优势会降低。更详尽的信息变化通常可以缓解与将多状态字符评分为存在/不存在字符相关的问题。相对于多状态字符,存在/不存在字符的整体一致性指数较低。
  • 【Lgr5加入了胃体中胃干细胞标记的俱乐部。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/ncb3567 复制DOI
    作者列表:Phesse TJ,Sansom OJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Several markers of gastric stem cells have been identified in recent years. Now a study demonstrates that Lgr5 marks a population of reserve stem cells located at the base of the corpus glands of the gastric epithelium, and that these cells can also act as a cell-of-origin for gastric tumorigenesis.
    背景与目标: : 近年来已鉴定出几种胃干细胞的标志物。现在,一项研究表明,Lgr5标志着位于胃上皮体腺体底部的储备干细胞种群,并且这些细胞也可以充当胃肿瘤发生的起源细胞。
  • 【古细菌Aeropyrum pernix中DNA复制起点的生化分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.076 复制DOI
    作者列表:Grainge I,Gaudier M,Schuwirth BS,Westcott SL,Sandall J,Atanassova N,Wigley DB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We have characterised the interaction of the Aeropyrum pernix origin recognition complex proteins (ORC1 and ORC2) with DNA using DNase I footprinting. Each protein binds upstream of its respective gene. However, ORC1 protein alone interacts more tightly with an additional region containing multiple origin recognition box (ORB) sites that we show to be a replication origin. At this origin, there are four ORB elements disposed either side of an A+T-rich region. An ORC1 protein dimer binds at each of these ORB sites. Once all four ORB sites have bound ORC1 protein, there is a transition to a higher-order assembly with a defined alteration in topology and superhelicity. Furthermore, after this transition, the A+T-rich region becomes sensitive to digestion by DNase I and P1 nuclease, revealing that the transition promotes distortion of the DNA in this region, presumably as a prelude to loading of MCM helicase.
    背景与目标: : 我们使用DNase I足迹表征了Aeropyrum pernix起源识别复合物蛋白 (ORC1和ORC2) 与DNA的相互作用。每种蛋白质结合其各自基因的上游。然而,仅ORC1蛋白与包含多个起源识别框 (ORB) 位点的其他区域的相互作用更紧密,我们证明这是复制起源。在这个起源处,富含A T的区域的两侧都有四个ORB元素。ORC1蛋白二聚体在每个ORB位点结合。一旦所有四个ORB位点都结合了ORC1蛋白,就会过渡到具有定义的拓扑和超螺旋性变化的高阶组装。此外,在这种转变之后,富含A T的区域对DNase I和P1核酸酶的消化变得敏感,这表明该转变促进了该区域中DNA的扭曲,大概是MCM解旋酶加载的前奏。
  • 【天然釉质龋: 生化体积的比较组织学研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000345378 复制DOI
    作者列表:Barbosa de Sousa F,Dias Soares J,Sampaio Vianna S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study aimed to test the hypothesis that organic volume is the main variable for explaining the optical properties and predictive degree of diffusion of enamel histological points at zones of natural enamel caries (NEC; surface layer, SL, n = 30, and body of the lesion, BL, n = 58) and normal enamel (NE, n = 131). Molars with either NEC or NE were quantitatively analyzed regarding the mineral, organic and water volumes (considered as effective pore volume), opacity (predicted in 94% of cases by water volume in NEC), and water volume more easily available for diffusion, αd (squared water volume divided by the nonmineral volume; related to permeability). NEC presented lower mineral volumes and higher organic volumes, effective pore volume and opacity than NE. External origin of organic volume in NEC was evidenced by an organic gradient decreasing from the surface inward (R2 = -0.7), which was not detected in teeth with NE only; αd values of the SL and NE were similar and both were lower (p < 0.0001) than that of the BL. Comparing the SL from both NEC and artificial enamel caries (AEC; published data; n = 71), with similar mineral volumes, against developing enamel (published data), AEC showed more effective pore volume (3 times higher), higher αd and opacity than NEC mainly due to differences in organic volumes. Our results reasonably matched widely known features of NEC histological zones, and confirmed the organic volume as the main variable for explaining optical properties and αd (related to permeability).
    背景与目标: : 这项研究旨在检验以下假设: 有机体积是解释自然牙釉质龋 (NEC; 表面层,SL,n = 30) 和身体的光学特性和牙釉质组织学点扩散的预测程度的主要变量。病变,BL,n = 58) 和正常釉质 (NE,n = 131)。对具有NEC或NE的磨牙进行了定量分析,涉及矿物质,有机物和水的体积 (被认为是有效的孔隙体积),不透明度 (在94% 情况下由NEC中的水量预测) 以及更易于扩散的水量 α d (平方水体积除以非矿物质体积; 与渗透率相关)。NEC表现出比NE更低的矿物体积和更高的有机体积,有效孔体积和不透明度。NEC中有机体积的外部来源通过从表面向内减小的有机梯度 (R2 = -0.7) 来证明,这仅在具有NE的牙齿中没有检测到; SL和NE的 α d值相似,并且均低于BL (p <0.0001)。将具有相似矿物体积的NEC和人造牙釉质龋 (AEC; 已发布数据; n = 71) 的SL与正在开发的牙釉质 (已发布数据) 进行比较,AEC显示出更有效的孔体积 (高3倍),更高的 α d和不透明度比NEC主要是由于有机体积的差异。我们的结果合理地匹配了NEC组织学区域的众所周知的特征,并确认了有机体积是解释光学特性和 α d (与渗透率有关) 的主要变量。
  • 【纯种纯种耐碱耐金属漆酶的纯化,生化特性和染料脱色能力。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.085 复制DOI
    作者列表:Si J,Peng F,Cui B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Extracellular laccase (Tplac) from Trametes pubescens was purified to homogeneity by a three-step method, which resulted in a high specific activity of 18.543 Umg(-1), 16.016-fold greater than that of crude enzyme at the same level. Tplac is a monomeric protein that has a molecular mass of 68 kDa. The enzyme demonstrated high activity toward 1.0mM ABTS at an optimum pH of 5.0 and temperature of 50 °C, and under these conditions, the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) is 8.34 s(-1) μM(-1). Tplac is highly stable and resistant under alkaline conditions, with pH values ranging from 7.0 to 10.0. Interestingly, above 88% of initial enzyme activity was maintained in the presence of metal ions at 25.0mM, leading to an increase in substrate affinity, which indicated that the laccase is highly metal-tolerant. These unusual properties demonstrated that the new fungal laccase Tplac has potentials for the specific industrial or environmental applications.
    背景与目标: : 通过三步法将来自Trametes pubescens的细胞外漆酶 (Tplac) 纯化至同质,这导致18.543 Umg(-1) 的高比活性,比相同水平的粗酶高16.016倍。Tplac是一种分子量为68 kDa的单体蛋白。该酶在5.0的最佳pH和50 °C的温度下表现出对1.0毫米ABTS的高活性,并且在这些条件下,催化效率 (k(cat)/K(m)) 为8.34 s(-1) μ m (-1)。Tplac在碱性条件下具有高度稳定和抗性,ph值范围从7.0到10.0。有趣的是,在25.0mm的金属离子存在下,初始酶活性保持88% 以上,导致底物亲和力增加,这表明漆酶具有高度的金属耐受性。这些不寻常的特性表明,新的真菌漆酶Tplac具有用于特定工业或环境应用的潜力。
  • 【褪黑素激素对松果体切除大鼠海马的影响: 免疫组织化学和生化研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kus MA,Sarsilmaz M,Karaca O,Acar T,Gülcen B,Hismiogullari AA,Ogetürk M,Kus I
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The effects of melatonin on antioxidant status were examined in pinealectomized rats using enzymatic, histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of melatonin on hippocampal apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Male Wistar rats (n=21) were divided into 3 groups: Group I and group II were designated as control (sham-pinealectomy) and pinealectomized rats, respectively. Rats in group III were pinealectomized and injected daily with melatonin (1 mg/kg) for 3 months beginning at day 7 after surgery. At the end of experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. The brains of the rats were removed and the hippocampus tissue was obtained from all brain specimens. The right hippocampal specimens of all rats were used for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The left hippocampus tissue specimens of all animals were used for immunohistochemical and histological evaluation. RESULTS:The levels of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased, and MDA levels were significantly increased in pinealectomized rats compared to the controls. In the histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of this group, increase of pyknotic cells, vacuolar degeneration and apoptosis were observed. However, increased SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities, and decreased MDA levels were detected in the rats administered melatonin after pinealectomy. Furthermore, histological and apoptotic changes in hippocampus caused by pinealectomy were lost in the rats treated with melatonin. CONCLUSIONS:The results of our study revealed that pinealectomy-induced oxidative damage and morphological changes in the hippocampal tissue were suppressed by melatonin.
    背景与目标:
  • 【心肌肌钙蛋白I和T: 急性心肌梗死患者早期诊断、预后和准确分类的分子标志物。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s40291-012-0011-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tiwari RP,Jain A,Khan Z,Kohli V,Bharmal RN,Kartikeyan S,Bisen PS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with early diagnosis still being difficult. Promising new cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and creatine kinase (CK) isoforms are being studied and integrated into clinical practice for early diagnosis of AMI. The cardiac-specific troponins I and T (cTnI and cTnT) have good sensitivity and specificity as indicators of myocardial necrosis and are superior to CK and its MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) in this regard. Besides being potential biologic markers, cardiac troponins also provide significant prognostic information. The introduction of novel high-sensitivity troponin assays has enabled more sensitive and timely diagnosis or exclusion of acute coronary syndromes. This review summarizes the available information on the potential of troponins and other cardiac markers in early diagnosis and prognosis of AMI, and provides perspectives on future diagnostic approaches to AMI.
    背景与目标: : 急性心肌梗死 (AMI) 是全球死亡的主要原因,早期诊断仍然很困难。正在研究有希望的新的心脏生物标志物,例如肌钙蛋白和肌酸激酶 (CK) 亚型,并将其整合到临床实践中,以早期诊断AMI。心脏特异性肌钙蛋白I和T (cTnI和cTnT) 作为心肌坏死的指标具有良好的敏感性和特异性,在这方面优于CK及其MB同工酶 (ck-mb)。除了作为潜在的生物学标志物外,心肌肌钙蛋白还提供了重要的预后信息。新型高灵敏度肌钙蛋白测定法的引入使急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断和排除更加敏感和及时。这篇综述总结了肌钙蛋白和其他心脏标志物在AMI早期诊断和预后中的潜力,并为AMI的未来诊断方法提供了展望。
  • 【I-125前列腺近距离放射疗法治疗的400例患者的生化无复发生存率: 吉尔福德经验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/pcan.2008.17 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nobes JP,Wells IG,Khaksar SJ,Money-Kyrle JF,Laing RW,Langley SE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A total of 1200 patients had undergone I-125 prostate brachytherapy (BXT) in our centre. We present prospective outcome data for the first 400 treated patients. Data were analysed from a prospective database of 400 consecutive patients treated with permanent prostate BXT between March 1999 and December 2003. Patients were stratified into low (49%), intermediate (36%) and high (15%) risk as defined by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Prognostic Index. Patients received 145 Gy BXT alone (41%), BXT with 3 months neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (NAAD) (39%), 45 Gy external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with 110 Gy BXT (3%) or a combination of NAAD, 45 Gy EBRT and 110 Gy BXT (17%). Biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadirs were analysed for treatment received in each risk group. Median follow-up was 54 months (range, 38-96 months) with a mean patient age of 63 years. Prostate cancer-specific survival was 99.5%. Twenty-eight patients (7%) experienced biochemical failure according to the 2006 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (RTOG-ASTRO) Phoenix Consensus definition (PSA nadir plus >or=2 ng ml(-1)): nine low-, fourteen intermediate- and five high-risk patients. When stratified by treatment group for low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, the 5-year actuarial bRFS was 98, 89 and 100% for BXT; 91, 87 and 88% for NAAD and BXT; 100, 80 and 100% for EBRT and BXT; and 100, 92 and 88% for NAAD, EBRT and BXT, respectively. Overall 4- and 5-year PSA
    背景与目标: : 我们中心共有1200例患者接受了I-125前列腺近距离放射疗法 (BXT)。我们提供了第400例接受治疗的患者的前瞻性结果数据。从1999年3月和2003年12月之间接受永久性前列腺BXT治疗的400连续患者的前瞻性数据库中分析了数据。根据纪念斯隆-凯特琳预后指数的定义,将患者分为低 (49%),中 (36%) 和高 (15%) 风险。患者单独接受145 Gy BXT (41%),BXT联合3个月新辅助雄激素剥夺 (NAAD) (39%),45 Gy外束放疗 (EBRT) 联合110 Gy BXT (3%) 或结合NAAD,45 Gy EBRT和110 Gy BXT (17%)。分析了每个风险组中接受的生化无复发生存率 (bRFS) 和前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) nadirs。中位随访时间为54个月 (范围为38-96个月),患者平均年龄为63岁。99.5% 了前列腺癌特异性生存率。根据2006放射治疗肿瘤学小组-美国放射治疗与肿瘤学会 (rtog-astro) Phoenix共识定义 (PSA最低点加> 或 = 2 ng ml(-1)),28名患者 (7%) 经历了生化失败: 9低-,14名中危和5名高危患者。当按低,中和高风险组的治疗组进行分层时,BXT的5年精算brf为98、89和100%; NAAD和BXT为91、87和88%; EBRT和BXT为100、80和100%; 和100,NAAD、EBRT和BXT分别为92和88%。总体4年和5年PSA <或 = 0.5 ng ml(-1) 由83和86% 实现。这项前瞻性研究更新了我们的生化生存结果,并进一步证明了英国中心能够重现美国报告的BXT出色结果。
  • 【p53和Bcl-xL的表达作为晚期喉癌喉保存的预测标志物。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1001/archotol.134.4.363 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kumar B,Cordell KG,D'Silva N,Prince ME,Adams ME,Fisher SG,Wolf GT,Carey TE,Bradford CR
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To assess tumor markers in advanced laryngeal cancer. DESIGN:Marker expression and clinical outcome. PATIENTS:Pretreatment tumor biopsy specimens were analyzed from patients enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Expression of p53 (OMIM TP53) and Bcl-xL (OMIM 600039) in pretreatment biopsy specimens was assessed for correlation with chemotherapy response, laryngeal preservation, and survival. RESULTS:Higher rates of larynx preservation were observed in patients whose tumors expressed p53 vs those that did not (80% [36 of 45 patients] vs 59% [24 of 41 patients], P =.03). Higher rates of larynx preservation were also observed in patients whose tumors expressed low levels of Bcl-xL vs high levels of Bcl-xL (90% [18 of 20 patients] vs 60% [30 of 50 patients], P =.02). Patients were categorized into 3 risk groups (low, intermediate, and high) based on their tumor p53 and Bcl-xL expression status. Patients whose tumors had the high-risk biomarker profile (low p53 expression and high Bcl-xL expression) were less likely to preserve their larynx than patients whose tumors had the intermediate-risk biomarker profile (high p53 expression and low or high Bcl-xL expression) or the low-risk biomarker profile (low p53 expression and low Bcl-xL expression). The larynx preservation rates were 100% (10 of 10 patients), 77% (26 of 34 patients), and 54% (7 of 13 patients) for the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups, respectively (P =.04, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION:Tumor expression of p53 and Bcl-xL is a strong predictor of successful larynx preservation in patients treated with induction chemotherapy and followed by radiation therapy in responding tumors.
    背景与目标:

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