BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The rapid technological evolution in the biomedical and molecular oncology fields is providing research laboratories with huge amounts of complex and heterogeneous data. Automated systems are needed to manage and analyze this knowledge, allowing the discovery of new information related to tumors and the improvement of medical treatments. This paper presents the Laboratory Assistant Suite (LAS), a software platform with a modular architecture designed to assist researchers throughout diverse laboratory activities. The LAS supports the management and the integration of heterogeneous biomedical data, and provides graphical tools to build complex analyses on integrated data. Furthermore, the LAS interfaces are designed to ease data collection and management even in hostile environments (e.g., in sterile conditions), so as to improve data quality.

背景与目标： : 生物医学和分子肿瘤学领域的快速技术发展为研究实验室提供了大量复杂和异构的数据。需要自动化系统来管理和分析这些知识，从而可以发现与肿瘤有关的新信息并改善医学治疗。本文介绍了实验室助理套件 (LAS)，这是一个具有模块化体系结构的软件平台，旨在帮助研究人员完成各种实验室活动。LAS支持异构生物医学数据的管理和集成，并提供图形工具来对集成数据进行复杂分析。此外，LAS接口被设计成即使在恶劣的环境中 (例如，在无菌条件下) 也易于数据收集和管理，从而提高数据质量。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :New biomaterials including surface modifications should undergo in vitro and in vivo evaluation before clinical trials. The objective of our in vivo study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of one of the newly fabricated zirconia implant surfaces, called "mds". For this purpose, the osseointegration of these implants was analyzed after implantation in surgically created defects in the cranium of adult male rats. After a healing period of 28 and 56 days, respectively, bone tissue specimens containing the implants were processed and histologically analyzed. For this purpose, sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin and Masson Goldner trichrome. No signs of cellular inflammatory infiltrate were found in any of the animals. After 28 days, slices showed pronounced development of blood vessels and bone regeneration. After 56 days of healing, direct bridging of the bone defects was detectable with distinctly visible kit lines. There were cell rich areas of connective tissue/bone marrow between zirconia discs and bearing bone. Histomorphometric analysis presented a regenerated bone mean value of 36.3% after 28 days of healing. After 56 days of healing, a 1.6 fold increased bone mean value was observed (58.2%). Using the same analysis, 1% and 39.9% of bone-implant-contact was visible after both healing periods, respectively. On average, connective tissue/marrow spaces occupied 99% of implant-contact-area after 28 days of healing. This area was reduced to 60.1% after 56 days. Within the limits of the animal investigation presented, it was concluded that the tested surface modification of zirconia implants were biocompatible and osseoconductive.

背景与目标： : 包括表面修饰在内的新型生物材料应在临床试验之前进行体外和体内评估。我们体内研究的目的是评估一种新制造的氧化锆植入物表面 (称为 “mds”) 的生物相容性。为此，在成年雄性大鼠颅骨的手术缺陷中植入后，分析了这些植入物的骨整合。分别经过28天和56天的愈合后，对包含植入物的骨组织标本进行处理并进行组织学分析。为此，将切片用苏木精/伊红和Masson Goldner三色染色。在任何动物中均未发现细胞炎性浸润的迹象。28天后，切片显示出明显的血管发育和骨骼再生。愈合56天后，用明显可见的kit线可检测到骨缺损的直接桥接。氧化锆盘和轴承骨之间有结缔组织/骨髓的细胞丰富区域。组织形态计量学分析显示愈合28天后的再生骨平均值为36.3%。愈合56天后，观察到1.6倍增加的骨平均值 (58.2%)。使用相同的分析，在两个愈合时期后分别可见骨-植入物-接触的1% 和39.9%。平均而言，愈合28天后，结缔组织/骨髓空间占据了植入物接触区域的99%。56天后，该区域减少到60.1%。在提出的动物研究范围内，得出的结论是，经测试的氧化锆植入物的表面改性具有生物相容性和骨传导性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Acute stress reactions (ASR) and postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are frequent after childbirth. The present study addresses the change and overlap of ASR and PDS from the 1- to 3-week postpartum and examines the interplay of caregiver support and subjective birth experience with regard to the development of ASR/PDS within a longitudinal path model. METHOD:A total of 219 mothers completed questionnaires about caregiver support and subjective birth experience (Salmon's Item List) at 48-6-h postpartum. ASR and PDS were measured for 1- and 3-week postpartum. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to assess ASR, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PDS. RESULTS:ASR was frequent 1-week postpartum (44.7%) and declined till week 3 (24.8%, p <.001), while the prevalence of PDS was continuous (14.2% week 1; 12.6% week 3; p = .380). Favorable reports of caregiver support were related to better subjective childbirth experience, which was related to lower ASR and PDS (controlled for age, mode of delivery, parity, EDA and duration of childbirth). CONCLUSION:High quality of intrapartum care and positive birth experiences facilitate psychological adjustment in the first 3-week postpartum.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This prospective study validates the finding from retrospective research that having an inpatient lay care-partner (CP) is associated with better survival following allogeneic BMT. Compared with patients without a CP (n=76), patients with a CP (n=88) have significantly better OS (P=0.017) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P=0.020). Four-year and median survivals were 42% and 36 months among patients with CPs, compared with 26% and 10 months among those without CPs. Four-year survival and median RFS were 39% and 25 months among those with CPs, compared with 23% and 7 months among those without CPs. Further, better survival and RFS were associated with CP visit duration of >3 h per day (P=0.005 and P=0.007, respectively) and with CP frequency of visits >75% of inpatient days (P=0.004 and P=0.010, respectively). A CP support program should encourage not only presence of a CP but also duration and frequency of CP visits associated with better patient survival.

背景与目标： : 这项前瞻性研究证实了回顾性研究的发现，即拥有住院非专业护理伴侣 (CP) 与同种异体BMT后更好的生存率相关。与没有CP的患者 (n = 76) 相比，具有CP的患者 (n = 88) 具有明显更好的OS (P = 0.017) 和无复发生存率 (RFS) (P = 0.020)。CPs患者的4年和中位生存期分别为42% 和36个月，而无CPs的患者为26% 和10个月。患有CPs的患者的四年生存率和中位RFS分别为39% 和25个月，而没有CPs的患者为23% 和7个月。此外，更好的生存率和RFS与每天> 3 h的CP访视时间 (分别为P = 0.005和P = 0.007) 和CP访视频率> 住院天数的75% (分别为P = 0.004和P = 0.010) 相关。CP支持计划不仅应鼓励CP的存在，而且还应鼓励CP就诊的持续时间和频率与更好的患者生存率相关。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Families must make decisions about organ donation for a loved one during intensely emotional circumstances in the hospital, where support from others is crucial to their coping. Research about families' experiences during the decision-making process regarding donating their loved ones' organs has shown that quality of hospital care and receiving psychosocial support are important factors influencing their decision. Typically, a donation coordinator from the local organ procurement organization approaches the family about the option of donation, whereas the role of medical and nursing staff is to convey diagnostic and prognostic information to the family. Currently, no requirement is in place for training of professional staff in communication skills for approaching and interacting with families about organ donation. This article discusses a simulated training method in empathic communication used for supporting families who are approached about organ donation. This innovative method can be adapted to and should be tested with professional audiences.

背景与目标： : 家庭必须在医院里情绪激动的情况下决定为亲人捐赠器官，而其他人的支持对他们的应对至关重要。对家庭在捐赠亲人器官的决策过程中的经历的研究表明，医院护理质量和接受社会心理支持是影响其决策的重要因素。通常，来自当地器官采购组织的捐赠协调员会向家人介绍捐赠的选择，而医疗和护理人员的作用是向家人传达诊断和预后信息。目前，没有要求对专业人员进行沟通技能培训，以便就器官捐赠问题与家人接触和互动。本文讨论了一种在移情交流中进行模拟训练的方法，该方法用于支持与器官捐赠有关的家庭。这种创新方法可以适应专业观众，也应该接受专业观众的测试。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Dunking, the softening of dry food in water to speed up consumption time, is normally a very rare behaviour in wild Carib grackles (Quiscalus lugubris) of Barbados. Its frequency can be experimentally increased when large numbers of dry items are repeatedly placed near a standing source of water in conditions that minimize intraspecific competition and risk of theft. To reconcile the normally low frequency of the behaviour in the wild with the high rates obtained in previous experiments, we tested three conditions where dunking varied between 0 and 70%. Dunking was very rare when it had been made unnecessary by pre-soaking the food, water was far from the dry items offered and only one food item was given, focusing all competitive interactions and theft attempts on a single individual. In contrast, dunking rate was high when food was not pre-soaked, water was close to dry food and more than one item (and hence target for competition and theft) was given. These experiments confirm that dunking rates, like other proto-tool-like food-processing techniques, depend on the costs and benefits of the situation where they are used.

背景与目标： : 在巴巴多斯的野生加勒比grackles (Quiscalus lugubris) 中，浸泡是将干粮在水中软化以加快食用时间的行为，通常是非常罕见的行为。当在最大程度地减少种内竞争和盗窃风险的条件下将大量干燥物品反复放置在站立的水源附近时，可以通过实验提高其频率。为了使野外行为的正常频率与先前实验中获得的高比率相协调，我们测试了三个条件，其中扣篮在0到70% 之间变化。当预先浸泡食物而变得不必要时，扣篮是非常罕见的，水远离提供的干物品，只提供了一种食物，将所有竞争互动和盗窃企图集中在一个人身上。相反，当未预先浸泡食物，水接近干粮并且给出了多个物品 (因此是竞争和盗窃的目标) 时，扣篮率很高。这些实验证实，与其他类似原始工具的食品加工技术一样，灌篮率取决于使用它们的情况的成本和收益。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Our objective was to evaluate changes in curriculum and culture within a research non-intensive dental school after implementation of programs supported by the NIH-NIDCR R25 Oral Health Research Curriculum Grant. We designed new curricular elements to foster an appreciation of research/discovery, an interest in academic/research careers, and application of biomedical/clinical advances to patient care. Funding was utilized to develop, implement, and assess a dedicated curricular track of continuous student research/scholarly activity throughout the four years of dental education. This track represented mandatory hours of didactic time exposing students to topics not traditionally included in dental curricula. Additionally, students were provided with customized flexible schedules to participate in elective "hands-on" mentored research/scholarly experiences at local, national, and international sites, including linkages to certificate, MS, and PhD programs. Funding was also used to support a wide array of faculty development activities that provided skill sets required to deliver integrated biomedical/clinical content, research-oriented evidence-based approaches to dental education, and translational case-based teaching methods emphasizing the application of new science/technologies to patient care. We measured changes in student, faculty, and institutional profiles/attitudes using traditional benchmarks, surveys, and focus groups. Comparisons were made between baseline data prior to R25 program initiation and data collected after years 3-4 of program implementation. Significant increases were demonstrated in: (1) student participation in research/scholarship, attendance at national meetings, research awards, publication of manuscripts, pursuit of advanced training/degrees, and expressions of interest in academic/research careers; (2) faculty participation in development activities, publication of manuscripts, and mentoring of students; and (3) increased institutional credibility within the university, supportive infrastructure for research/scholarship, and cultural expectations for academic excellence. Thus, we believe that the R25 programming changed the culture of our dental school, creating a supportive environment for research/scholarship, increasing academic productivity, and altering the attitudes of faculty/students.

背景与目标： : 我们的目标是在实施nih-nidcr R25口腔健康研究课程补助金支持的计划后，评估非密集型牙科学校课程和文化的变化。我们设计了新的课程元素，以促进对研究/发现的欣赏，对学术/研究职业的兴趣以及将生物医学/临床进展应用于患者护理。在整个牙科教育的四年中，资金用于开发，实施和评估持续的学生研究/学术活动的专用课程。此曲目代表了强制性的教学时间，使学生接触传统上不包括在牙科课程中的主题。此外，还为学生提供了定制的灵活时间表，以参加在本地，国家和国际站点上进行的选修 “动手” 指导的研究/学术经验，包括与证书，MS和博士学位课程的联系。资金还用于支持广泛的教师发展活动，这些活动提供了提供综合生物医学/临床内容所需的技能，以研究为基础的基于证据的牙科教育方法以及强调应用新的案例的基于案例的教学方法。科学/技术用于患者护理。我们使用传统的基准，调查和焦点小组来衡量学生，教师和机构概况/态度的变化。比较了R25计划启动前的基线数据和计划实施3-4年后收集的数据。显着增加的表现是 :( 1) 学生参与研究/奖学金，参加国家会议，研究奖，手稿的出版，追求高级培训/学位以及对学术/研究职业的兴趣表达; (2) 教师参与发展活动，手稿的出版，和指导学生; (3) 提高大学内部的机构信誉，支持研究/奖学金的基础设施以及对学术卓越的文化期望。因此，我们认为，R25编程改变了我们牙科学校的文化，为研究/奖学金创造了支持环境，提高了学术生产力，并改变了教师/学生的态度。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Under both conventional method (CM) and microwave (MW) irradiation (MWI) conditions, alkylation of 4,5-diphenylimidazole-2-thione (1) with halogeno-alkanols 2 or 5, chloroglycerol 11 and 2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-O-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-glycerol (8) in presence of sodium ethoxide or sodium acetate in alcohol afforded regioselectively the corresponding S-alkylated analogues 3, 6, 9, and 12; they also were obtained using MW in absence and presence of bentonite as solid support with no change in regioselectivity. In the presence of potassium carbonate in DMF, the bisalkylated analogues 4, 7, 10, and 13 were obtained except in case of compound 13 where it was accompanied with the imidazothiazine 14. A convenient approach for imidazo-[2,1-b]thiazines and thiazoles 14-16 could be achieved by intramolecular dehydrative ring closure of the S-hydroxyalkylated imidazoles 3, 6, and 12 using potassium carbonate in DMF under both conventional and microwave methods. Isopropylidenation of 12 and 13 and deprotection of 9 and 10 also were investigated.

背景与目标： : 在常规方法 (二1212) 和微波 (MW) 辐照 (MWI) 条件下，4,5-二苯基咪唑-2-硫酮 (1) 与卤代烷醇2或5，氯甘油11和2的烷基化反应，在乙醇中乙醇钠或乙酸钠存在下，3-o-异亚丙基-1-o-(对甲苯磺酰基)-甘油 (8) 区域选择性地提供了相应的S-烷基化类似物3、6、9和12; 它们也是在不存在和存在膨润土作为固体载体的情况下使用MW获得的，而区域选择性没有变化。在DMF中存在碳酸钾的情况下，获得了双烷基化的类似物4、7、10和13，但化合物13与咪唑嗪14一起存在的情况除外。通过S-羟基烷基化咪唑3,6，和12在常规和微波方法下在DMF中使用碳酸钾。还研究了12和13的异丙基化以及9和10的脱保护。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Maxillofacial injuries are often seen in the emergency department. Fractures of the facial skeleton are commonly seen after assault, road traffic accidents, falls, and sporting injuries in a ratio mandibular:zygoma:maxillary of 6:2:1. Clinicians must be familiar with their management so that appropriate treatment may be used.

背景与目标： : 急诊科经常看到颌面受伤。在袭击，道路交通事故，跌倒和运动伤害后，通常会出现面部骨骼骨折，其比例为下颌: 骨瘤: 6:2:1上颌。临床医生必须熟悉其管理，以便可以使用适当的治疗方法。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:This survey study explores the relationship between area-specific perceived self-competence, perceived social support, gender, and substance use in young adolescents. METHOD:Questionnaires were administered to 140 male and 131 female adolescents attending middle school to assess self-perception of competencies, social support, and substance use. Correlations were performed between the predictor variables and the substance use measures. Hierarchical multiple regressions were also used to identify potential interactions between gender, perceived competencies, and perceived social support in the prediction of specific substances. RESULTS:Higher perceived scholastic competence was associated with less substance use in both genders. In boys, more perceived support from teachers, and to a lesser degree parents, was associated with less substance use, particularly in those with low scholastic competence. In girls, social support was unrelated to substance use except for support from classmates, which was associated with more cigarette and marijuana use. However, in girls with low scholastic competence, more support from peers was consistently associated with more substance use. CONCLUSIONS:The gender differences in risk factors for early substance use identified in this study deserve further investigation, in view of their potential relevance for adolescent substance abuse prevention and early intervention.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study examines the degree to which the existence of a pre-adolescent "chum" interacts with family and social environments to buffer mental distress in adolescents. 831 high school students participated in this study, (male476; mean age 16.7 +/- 1.0). Subjects were administered questionnaires assessing psychopathology and support systems. A pathway analyses model was used to investigate pathways and their interrelationships from chum to psychopathology and from social and family support to psychopathology. Only when adolescents experience weak parental bonding does chumship have a role in buffering distress.

背景与目标： 这项研究考察了青春期前 “chum” 的存在与家庭和社会环境相互作用以缓解青少年精神困扰的程度。831名高中生参加了这项研究 (male476; 平均年龄16.7 +/- 1.0)。对受试者进行了评估心理病理学和支持系统的问卷调查。使用途径分析模型来研究从chum到心理病理学以及从社会和家庭支持到心理病理学的途径及其相互关系。只有当青少年经历弱的父母关系时，才能在缓解痛苦中发挥作用。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Most living systems, ranging from animal flocks, self-motile microorganisms to the cytoskeleton rely on self-organization processes to perform their own specific function. Despite its importance, the general understanding of how individual active constituents initiate the intriguing pattern formation phenomena on all these different length scales still remains elusive. Here, using a high density actomyosin motility assay system, we show that the observed collective motion arises from a seeding process driven by enhanced acute angle collisions. Once a critical size is reached, the clusters coarsen into high and low density phases each with fixed filament concentrations. The steady state is defined by a balance of collision induced randomization and alignment effects of the filaments by multi-filament collisions within ordered clusters.Self-organization is observed in cytoskeletal systems but emergence of order from disorder is poorly understood. Using a high density actomyosin system, the authors capture the transition from disorder to order, which is driven by enhanced alignment effects caused by increase in multi-filament collisions.

背景与目标： : 大多数生命系统，从动物鸡群，自我运动的微生物到细胞骨架，都依靠自组织过程来执行自己的特定功能。尽管它很重要，但对单个活性成分如何在所有这些不同长度尺度上引发有趣的图案形成现象的一般理解仍然难以捉摸。在这里，使用高密度的肌动球蛋白运动测定系统，我们表明观察到的集体运动是由增强的锐角碰撞驱动的播种过程引起的。一旦达到临界尺寸，团簇就会粗成高密度和低密度相，每个相具有固定的细丝浓度。稳态由碰撞引起的随机化和有序簇内的多丝碰撞对细丝的排列效应的平衡来定义。在细胞骨架系统中观察到自组织，但对无序有序的出现知之甚少。使用高密度的肌动球蛋白系统，作者捕获了从无序到有序的过渡，这是由多丝碰撞增加引起的增强的对齐效果驱动的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, which play significant roles as posttranscriptional regulators. The functions of animal miRNAs are generally based on complementarity for their 5' components. Although several computational miRNA target-gene prediction methods have been proposed, they still have limitations in revealing actual target genes. RESULTS:We implemented miTarget, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for miRNA target gene prediction. It uses a radial basis function kernel as a similarity measure for SVM features, categorized by structural, thermodynamic, and position-based features. The latter features are introduced in this study for the first time and reflect the mechanism of miRNA binding. The SVM classifier produces high performance with a biologically relevant data set obtained from the literature, compared with previous tools. We predicted significant functions for human miR-1, miR-124a, and miR-373 using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and revealed the importance of pairing at positions 4, 5, and 6 in the 5' region of a miRNA from a feature selection experiment. We also provide a web interface for the program. CONCLUSION:miTarget is a reliable miRNA target gene prediction tool and is a successful application of an SVM classifier. Compared with previous tools, its predictions are meaningful by GO analysis and its performance can be improved given more training examples.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effects of ionisation density on the structure of the glow curve of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) are briefly reviewed and discussed within the framework of the spatially correlated TC/LC model and localised recombination. The effects of 'slow-cooling' on the structure of composite peak 5 following low-ionisation density beta/gamma irradiation are described and analysed in both 'slow-cooled' and 'normally cooled' samples. It is demonstrated that 'slow-cooling' using a cooling rate of 30 degrees C h(-1) increases the relative intensity of glow peak 5a to composite glow peak 5 from approximately 0.1 to approximately 2, thereby greatly improving the precision of measurement of the ratio 5a/5. The improved precision removes a hurdle impeding the development of the ionisation density discrimination properties of the peak 5a/5 nanodosimeter.

背景与目标： : 在空间相关的TC/LC模型和局部重组的框架内，简要回顾和讨论了电离密度对LiF:Mg，Ti (TLD-100) 辉光曲线结构的影响。在 “慢冷” 和 “正常冷却” 样品中描述并分析了低电离密度 β/γ 辐照后 “慢冷” 对复合峰5结构的影响。证明了使用30 °c h(-1) 的冷却速率的 “缓慢冷却” 将辉光峰5a与复合辉光峰5的相对强度从大约0.1增加到大约2，从而大大提高了比率5a/5的测量精度。提高的精度消除了阻碍峰5a/5纳米剂量计电离密度判别特性发展的障碍。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Hypocretin/orexin signalling varies among sleep-wake behaviours, impacts upon cardiovascular autonomic control and is impaired in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC). However, evidence concerning disturbed cardiovascular autonomic control in NC patients is contrasting, and limited mainly to waking behaviour. We thus investigated whether control of cardiovascular variability is altered in NC patients during wakefulness preceding sleep, light (1-2) and deep (3-4) stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Polysomnographic recordings and finger blood pressure measurements were performed on nine drug-free male NC patients and nine matched healthy control subjects during spontaneous sleep-wake behaviour in a standardized laboratory environment. Indices of autonomic function were computed based on spontaneous fluctuations of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart period (HP). During wakefulness before sleep, NC patients showed significant decreases in indices of vagal HP modulation, cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and amplitude of central autonomic (feed-forward) cardiac control compared with control subjects. During NREM sleep, the negative correlation between HP and subsequent SBP values was greater in NC patients than in control subjects, suggesting a greater contribution of central autonomic commands to cardiac control. Collectively, these results provide preliminary evidence that autonomic control of cardiac variability by baroreflex and central autonomic (feed-forward) mechanisms is altered in NC patients during spontaneous sleep-wake behaviour, and particularly during wakefulness before sleep.

背景与目标： : Hypocretin/orexin信号在睡眠-觉醒行为中有所不同，会影响心血管自主神经控制，并在伴有猝倒 (NC) 的发作性睡病患者中受损。然而，有关NC患者心血管自主控制紊乱的证据是相反的，并且主要限于清醒行为。因此，我们研究了在睡眠前清醒，非快速眼动 (NREM) 睡眠和快速眼动 (REM) 睡眠的轻度 (1-2) 和深度 (3-4) 阶段的NC患者中，心血管变异性的控制是否发生改变)) 睡眠。在标准化的实验室环境中，在自发的睡眠唤醒行为期间，对9名无药男性NC患者和9名匹配的健康对照受试者进行了多导睡眠图记录和手指血压测量。根据收缩压 (SBP) 和心脏周期 (HP) 的自发波动来计算自主功能指标。在睡前清醒期间，与对照组相比，NC患者的迷走神经HP调制指数，心脏压力反射敏感性和中枢自主神经 (前馈) 心脏控制幅度显着降低。在NREM睡眠期间，NC患者的HP与随后的SBP值之间的负相关性大于对照组，这表明中央自主神经命令对心脏控制的贡献更大。总的来说，这些结果提供了初步证据，表明NC患者在自发性睡眠-觉醒行为期间，尤其是在睡前清醒期间，通过压力反射和中枢自主神经 (前馈) 机制对心脏变异性的自主控制发生了改变。