• 【儿童虐待和忽视身体畸形障碍。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Didie ER,Tortolani CC,Pope CG,Menard W,Fay C,Phillips KA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:No published studies have examined childhood abuse and neglect in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This study examined the prevalence and clinical correlates of abuse and neglect in individuals with this disorder. METHODS:Seventy-five subjects (69.3% female, mean age=35.4+/-12.0) with DSM-IV BDD completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and were interviewed with other reliable and valid measures. RESULTS:Of these subjects, 78.7% reported a history of childhood maltreatment: emotional neglect (68.0%), emotional abuse (56.0%), physical abuse (34.7%), physical neglect (33.3%), and sexual abuse (28.0%). Forty percent of subjects reported severe maltreatment. Among females (n=52), severity of reported abuse and neglect were .32-.57 standard deviation units higher than norms for a health maintenance organization (HMO) sample of women. Severity of sexual abuse was the only type of maltreatment significantly associated with current BDD severity (r=.23, p=.047). However, severity of sexual abuse did not predict current BDD severity in a simultaneous multiple regression analysis with age and current treatment status. There were other significant associations with childhood maltreatment: history of attempted suicide was related to emotional (p=.004), physical (p=.014), and sexual abuse (p=.038). Childhood emotional abuse was associated with a lifetime substance use disorder (r=.26, p=.02), and physical abuse was negatively associated with a lifetime mood disorder (r=-.37, p=.001). CONCLUSIONS:A high proportion of individuals with BDD reported childhood abuse and neglect. Certain types of abuse and neglect appear modestly associated with BDD symptom severity and with gender, suicidality, and certain disorders.
    背景与目标:
  • 【CO中毒后基底神经节体积: 一项前瞻性纵向研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pulsipher DT,Hopkins RO,Weaver LK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may result in focal and diffuse neuropathological changes, including basal ganglia lesions. The effect of CO poisoning on basal ganglia volumes over time is unclear. We assessed basal ganglia volumes longitudinally following CO poisoning. We prospectively enrolled 73 CO poisoned patients who underwent brain MR imaging on day 1 (baseline), 2 weeks, and 6 months post-CO poisoning. Basal ganglia volumes were obtained. One patient had bilateral globus pallidus lesions at two weeks and 6 months. Of the CO-poisoned patients 28% had volume reduction in at least one basal ganglia structure by 6 months, of which 21% had putamen, 15% had caudate, 15% had globus pallidus, and 16% had total basal ganglia volume reduction. Putamen volumes were significantly smaller from baseline to six months (p = 0.02). Verbal memory and mental processing speed correlated with smaller putamen and globus pallidus volumes. Carbon monoxide poisoning results in basal ganglia volume reduction 6 months post CO poisoning. Slow mental processing speed and impaired memory correlated with smaller putamen and globus pallidus volumes. Clinicians need to be aware of basal ganglia neuropathologic changes in the absence of observable lesions following CO poisoning.
    背景与目标: 一氧化碳 (CO) 中毒可能导致局灶性和弥漫性神经病理变化,包括基底节病变。CO中毒对基底神经节体积随时间的影响尚不清楚。我们在CO中毒后纵向评估了基底神经节的体积。我们前瞻性地招募了73名CO中毒患者,他们在CO中毒后第1天 (基线),2周和6个月接受了脑MR成像。获得基底神经节体积。一名患者在两周和6个月时出现双侧苍白球病变。在共中毒的患者中,28% 在6个月前至少有一个基底神经节结构的体积减少,其中21% 有壳核,15% 有尾状核,15% 有苍白球,16% 有总基底神经节体积减少。从基线到6个月,壳核体积明显较小 (p = 0.02)。言语记忆和心理处理速度与较小的壳核和苍白球体积相关。一氧化碳中毒导致CO中毒后6个月基底神经节体积减少。缓慢的心理处理速度和记忆受损与较小的壳核和苍白球体积有关。在CO中毒后没有可观察到的病变的情况下,临床医生需要意识到基底神经节的神经病理学变化。
  • 【使用ANOVA和Taguchi方法对用于乳腺肿瘤鉴定的生物电势方程进行参数研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11517-005-0006-0 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ng EY,Ng WK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Extensive literatures have shown significant trend of progressive electrical changes according to the proliferative characteristics of breast epithelial cells. Physiologists also further postulated that malignant transformation resulted from sustained depolarization and a failure of the cell to repolarize after cell division, making the area where cancer develops relatively depolarized when compared to their non-dividing or resting counterparts. In this paper, we present a new approach, the Biofield Diagnostic System (BDS), which might have the potential to augment the process of diagnosing breast cancer. This technique was based on the efficacy of analysing skin surface electrical potentials for the differential diagnosis of breast abnormalities. We developed a female breast model, which was close to the actual, by considering the breast as a hemisphere in supine condition with various layers of unequal thickness. Isotropic homogeneous conductivity was assigned to each of these compartments and the volume conductor problem was solved using finite element method to determine the potential distribution developed due to a dipole source. Furthermore, four important parameters were identified and analysis of variance (ANOVA, Yates' method) was performed using design (n = number of parameters, 4). The effect and importance of these parameters were analysed. The Taguchi method was further used to optimise the parameters in order to ensure that the signal from the tumour is maximum as compared to the noise from other factors. The Taguchi method used proved that probes' source strength, tumour size and location of tumours have great effect on the surface potential field. For best results on the breast surface, while having the biggest possible tumour size, low amplitudes of current should be applied nearest to the breast surface.
    背景与目标: : 根据乳腺上皮细胞的增殖特性,大量文献显示出明显的进行性电变化趋势。生理学家还进一步推测,恶性转化是由持续的去极化和细胞分裂后细胞无法重新极化引起的,与未分裂或静息的对应物相比,癌症发展的区域相对去极化。在本文中,我们提出了一种新方法,即生物场诊断系统 (BDS),该方法可能具有增强乳腺癌诊断过程的潜力。该技术基于分析皮肤表面电势以鉴别诊断疾病乳房异常的功效。我们通过将乳房视为仰卧状态下的半球,具有不同厚度的各层,从而开发了一种接近实际的女性乳房模型。将各向同性均匀电导率分配给每个隔室,并使用有限元方法解决体积导体问题,以确定由于偶极源而产生的电势分布。此外,确定了四个重要参数,并使用设计 (n = 参数数,4) 进行了方差分析 (ANOVA,yates方法)。分析了这些参数的影响和重要性。Taguchi方法进一步用于优化参数,以确保与来自其他因素的噪声相比,来自肿瘤的信号最大。使用Taguchi方法证明,探针的来源强度,肿瘤大小和肿瘤位置对表面电势场有很大影响。为了在乳房表面获得最佳效果,同时具有最大可能的肿瘤大小,应在最接近乳房表面的位置施加低振幅的电流。
  • 【一种改进功率谱可视化的新方法,用于分选低温电子显微照片及其局部区域。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2006.06.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jonić S,Sorzano CO,Cottevieille M,Larquet E,Boisset N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In a context of automation of cryo-electron microscopy, we developed a novel method for improving visibility of diffraction rings in the power spectra of cryo-electron micrographs of vitreous ice (without carbon film or high concentration of diffracting material). We used these enhanced spectra to semi-automatically detect and remove micrographs and/or local areas introducing errors in the global 3D map (drifted and charged areas) or those unable to increase global signal-to-noise ratio (non-diffracting areas). Our strategy also allows a detection of micrographs/areas with a strong astigmatism. These images should be removed when using algorithms that do not correct astigmatism. Our sorting method is simple and fast since it uses the normalized cross-correlation between enhanced spectra and their copies rotated by 90 degrees. It owes its success mainly to the novel pre-processing of power spectra. The improved visibility also allows an easier visual check of accuracy of sorting. We show that our algorithm can even improve the visibility of diffraction rings of cryo-electron micrographs of pure water. Moreover, we show that this visibility depends strongly on ice thickness. This algorithm is implemented in the Xmipp (open-source image processing package) and is freely available for implementation in any other software package.
    背景与目标: : 在冷冻电子显微镜自动化的背景下,我们开发了一种新颖的方法,用于提高玻璃冰冷冻电子显微照片 (没有碳膜或高浓度衍射材料) 的功率谱中衍射环的可见性。我们使用这些增强的光谱来半自动检测和删除显微照片和/或在全局3D地图中引入错误的局部区域 (漂移和带电区域) 或无法增加全局信噪比的区域 (非衍射区域)。我们的策略还允许检测具有强散光的显微照片/区域。当使用不校正散光的算法时,应删除这些图像。我们的排序方法简单,快速,因为它使用了旋转90度的增强光谱及其副本之间的归一化互相关。它的成功主要归功于功率谱的新颖预处理。改进的可见性还可以更轻松地视觉检查排序的准确性。我们证明,我们的算法甚至可以提高纯水的低温电子显微照片的衍射环的可见性。此外,我们表明这种能见度在很大程度上取决于冰的厚度。此算法在Xmipp (开源图像处理包) 中实现,并且可以免费在任何其他软件包中实现。
  • 【外侧crus上拉: 一种外鼻瓣膜塌陷的方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1001/archfaci.8.5.333 复制DOI
    作者列表:Menger DJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Collapse of the nasal vestibule during inspiration is a frequently encountered symptom, often caused by weak or medially displaced lateral crura in the lower lateral cartilages. Numerous techniques are available for lateralizing and strengthening the lateral crura using cartilage grafts or suture techniques. In most cases, they involve an external rhinoplasty approach or additional incisions. An elegant endonasal method for widening and strengthening the lateral component of the nasal valve area is described herein. The basis of the procedure is a permanent submucosal spanning suture between the piriform aperture and the distal part of the lower lateral cartilage. The effect of this technique is 2-fold. First, it provides superolateral rotation of the lateral crura, increasing the cross-sectional area, and second, the spanning suture provides additional support for the lateral wall of the nasal vestibule.
    背景与目标: : 鼻前庭在吸气过程中塌陷是一种经常遇到的症状,通常是由下外侧软骨的弱或内侧移位引起的。使用软骨移植物或缝合技术,可以使用多种技术来侧向和增强外侧crura。在大多数情况下,它们涉及外部隆鼻方法或其他切口。本文描述了一种用于扩大和加强鼻瓣膜区域的外侧分量的优雅鼻内方法。该程序的基础是在梨形孔和下部外侧软骨的远端之间建立永久性的粘膜下跨越缝合线。这种技术的效果是2倍。首先,它提供了外侧crura的超外侧旋转,增加了横截面积,其次,跨越缝合线为鼻前庭的侧壁提供了额外的支撑。
  • 【快速荧光法测量pendrin (SLC26A4) Cl-/I-转运活性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1159/000095164 复制DOI
    作者列表:Dossena S,Rodighiero S,Vezzoli V,Bazzini C,Sironi C,Meyer G,Fürst J,Ritter M,Garavaglia ML,Fugazzola L,Persani L,Zorowka P,Storelli C,Beck-Peccoz P,Bottá G,Paulmichl M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Malfunction of the SLC26A4 protein leads to Pendred syndrome, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, often associated with mild thyroid dysfunction and goiter. It is generally assumed that SLC26A4 acts as a chloride/anion exchanger, which in the thyroid gland transports iodide, and in the inner ear contributes to the conditioning of the endolymphatic fluid. Here we describe a fast fluorometric method able to be used to functionally scrutinize SLC26A4 and its mutants described in Pendred syndrome. The validation of the method was done by functionally characterizing the chloride/iodide transport of SLC26A4, and a mutant, i.e. SLC26A4(S28R), which we previously described in a patient with sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroidism and goiter. Using the fluorometric method we describe here we can continuously monitor and quantify the iodide or chloride amounts transported by the cells, and we found that the transport capability of the SLC26A4(S28R) mutant protein is markedly reduced if compared to wild-type SLC26A4.
    背景与目标: : SLC26A4蛋白的故障导致Pendred综合征,其特征是感音神经性听力损失,通常与轻度甲状腺功能障碍和甲状腺肿有关。通常认为SLC26A4充当氯化物/阴离子交换剂,在甲状腺中转运碘化物,在内耳中有助于调节内淋巴液。在这里,我们描述了一种快速荧光测量方法,该方法能够用于功能检查SLC26A4及其在Pendred综合征中描述的突变体。该方法的验证是通过功能表征SLC26A4的氯化物/碘化物转运和突变体即SLC26A4(S28R) 来完成的,我们先前在患有感音神经性听力损失,甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺肿的患者中进行了描述。使用我们在这里描述的荧光法,我们可以连续监测和定量细胞转运的碘化物或氯化物量,并且我们发现与野生型SLC26A4相比,SLC26A4(S28R) 突变蛋白的转运能力显着降低。
  • 【不同类型刺激对兔颈动脉体循环AMP含量的影响: 功能意义。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb03137.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pérez-García MT,Almaraz L,González C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cyclic AMP levels in rabbit carotid bodies incubated under control conditions, 100% O2- or 95% O2/5% CO2- equilibrated medium, are close to 1 pmol/mg wet tissue (range 0.4-2.43 pmol/mg). Isobutylmethylxanthine (0.5 mM) increases cyclic AMP levels by a factor of 14 and 8 in HEPES- and CO2/CH3O(-)-buffered medium, respectively. Forskolin (0.5-10 microM) applied during 30 min increases cyclic AMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of carotid bodies at low O2 tensions resulted in an elevation of cyclic AMP levels both in the absence and in the presence of isobutymethylxanthine. In the latter conditions cyclic AMP increase was maximum at an O2 tension of 46 mm Hg and tended to decrease at extremely low PO2. In isobutylmethylxanthine-containing Ca2(+)-free medium, cyclic AMP increased linearly with decreasing PO2 from 66 to 13 mm Hg; the absolute cyclic AMP levels attained in Ca2(+)-free medium were smaller than those observed in Ca2(+)-containing medium at any PO2. The differences between Ca2(+)-free and Ca2(+)-containing media appear to be due to the action of released neurotransmitters in the latter conditions, because dopamine and norepinephrine, which are known to be released by hypoxia in a Ca2(+)-dependent manner, increase cyclic AMP in the carotid body. Low pH/high PCO2 and high [K+]e increase cyclic AMP levels only in Ca2(+)-containing medium. Forskolin potentiates the release of catecholamines induced by low PO2. These results suggest that cyclic AMP plays an important role in the modulation of the chemoreception process.
    背景与目标: : 在100% O2-或95% O2/5% CO2平衡的培养基的对照条件下孵育的兔颈动脉体中的循环AMP水平接近1 pmol/mg湿组织 (范围0.4-2.43 pmol/mg)。在HEPES-和CO2/CH3O(-) 缓冲介质中,异丁基甲基黄嘌呤 (0.5 mM) 使环状AMP水平分别增加14和8倍。在30分钟期间施加的福司可林 (0.5-10微米) 以剂量依赖性方式增加循环AMP水平。在低O2张力下孵育颈动脉体会在不存在和存在异丁甲基黄嘌呤的情况下导致环状AMP水平升高。在后一种条件下,循环AMP的增加在46毫米Hg的O2张力下最大,并在极低的po2下趋于降低。在含异丁基甲基黄嘌呤的无Ca2 () 的培养基中,环状AMP随着PO2从66 Hg降低到13毫米Hg而线性增加; 在无Ca2 () 的培养基中获得的绝对环状AMP水平小于在任何PO2下在含Ca2 () 的培养基中观察到的绝对环状AMP水平。不含Ca2(+) 和含Ca2(+) 的培养基之间的差异似乎是由于在后一种情况下释放的神经递质的作用,因为多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素,已知它们是由缺氧以Ca2(+) 依赖性方式释放的,增加颈动脉体中的循环AMP。低pH/高PCO2和高 [K] e仅在含Ca2 () 的培养基中增加循环AMP水平。Forskolin可增强低po2诱导的儿茶酚胺的释放。这些结果表明,循环AMP在化学感受过程的调制中起着重要作用。
  • 【全身静磁场暴露增加了蜗牛,螺旋线的热伤害性阈值。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1556/ABiol.63.2012.4.3 复制DOI
    作者列表:László JF,Hernádi L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We investigated the effect of homogeneous and inhomogeneous static magnetic field (SMF) exposure on the thermal nociceptive threshold of snail in the hot plate test (43 °C). Both homogeneous (hSMF) and inhomogeneous (iSMF) SMF increased the thermo-nociceptive threshold: 40.2%, 29.2%, or 41.7% after an exposure of 20, 30, or 40 min hSMF by p < 0.001, p < 0.0001, or p < 0.001, and 32.7% or 46.2% after an exposure of 20 or 40 min iSMF by p < 0.05 or p < 0.0001. These results suggest that SMF has an antinociceptive effect in snail. On the other hand, naloxone as an atypical opioid antagonist in an amount of 1 μg/g was found to significantly decrease the thermo-nociceptive threshold (41.9% by p < 0.002), which could be antagonized by hSMF exposure implying that hSMF exerts its antinociceptive effect partly via opioid receptors.
    背景与目标: : 我们在热板测试 (43 °C) 中研究了均匀和不均匀的静磁场 (SMF) 暴露对蜗牛的热伤害性阈值的影响。均质 (hSMF) 和不均质 (iSMF) SMF均增加了热伤害感受阈值: 暴露20、30或40分钟hSMF后40.2% 、29.2% 或41.7%,p <0.001,p <0.0001或p <0.001,和32.7% 或46.2% 暴露20或40分钟后的iSMF被p <0.05或p <0.0001。这些结果表明SMF对蜗牛具有抗伤害作用。另一方面,发现纳洛酮作为1 μ g/g量的非典型阿片类拮抗剂显着降低了热伤害性阈值 (41.9% p <0.002),这可以通过hSMF暴露来拮抗,这意味着hSMF部分地通过阿片受体发挥其抗伤害感受作用。
  • 【通过蛋白质组学方法观察到STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾线粒体中alpha-2u球蛋白的下调。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ando.2012.09.007 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sun SH,Liu SQ,Cai CP,Cai R,Chen L,Zhang QB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:To identify the changes of mitochondrial protein expression in diabetic renal parenchyma and to characterize their molecular functions and biological processes in diabetes. METHODS:Mitochondrial proteins extracted from renal parenchyma mitochondria of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and normal rats were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS:Eleven proteins from 533 visualized protein spots displayed significant different expressions in mitochondria of diabetic kidneys compared with those in normal ones. Among these altered proteins, two proteins with the most obvious changes in protein expression were identified as alpha-2u globulin (mature protein, named A2) and its proteolytically modified form (named A2-fragment) respectively. These proteins were found in mitochondria of male rat renal parenchyma and were proved to be down-regulated in diabetic rats simultaneously. CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that down-regulation of alpha-2u globulin may be associated with an abnormal β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids during diabetes. The decreased expression of A2-fragment in renal mitochondria of diabetic nephropathy may reduce fatty acid β-oxidation, which leads to a diminished energy supply from mitochondria to kidney tissue and the deposition of a large number of fatty acids in the kidney, ultimately causing and aggravating kidney damage. In conclusion, these findings may be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of diabetic nephropathy.
    背景与目标:
  • 【从临床数据中检测有效草药处方的多阶段分析方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s11684-017-0525-8 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yang K,Zhang R,He L,Li Y,Liu W,Yu C,Zhang Y,Li X,Liu Y,Xu W,Zhou X,Liu B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated personalized manifestations in real-world patients and the individualized combination therapies prescribed in clinical settings. In this study, a multistage analysis method that integrates propensity case matching, complex network analysis, and herb set enrichment analysis was proposed to identify effective herb prescriptions for particular diseases (e.g., insomnia). First, propensity case matching was applied to match clinical cases. Then, core network extraction and herb set enrichment were combined to detect core effective herb prescriptions. Effectiveness-based mutual information was used to detect strong herb-symptom relationships. This method was applied on a TCM clinical data set with 955 patients collected from well-designed observational studies. Results revealed that groups of herb prescriptions with higher effectiveness rates (76.9% vs. 42.8% for matched samples; 94.2% vs. 84.9% for all samples) compared with the original prescriptions were found. Particular patient groups with symptom manifestations were also identified to help investigate the indications of the effective herb prescriptions.
    背景与目标: : 确定针对特定疾病或特定患者群体的有效中药 (TCM) 治疗是一个困难的问题,需要进行调查,因为现实世界患者中复杂的个性化表现以及临床环境中规定的个性化组合疗法。在这项研究中,提出了一种结合倾向案例匹配,复杂网络分析和草药集富集分析的多阶段分析方法,以识别针对特定疾病 (例如失眠) 的有效草药处方。首先,将倾向病例匹配应用于临床病例匹配。然后,将核心网络提取和草药集富集相结合,以检测核心有效草药处方。基于有效性的互信息用于检测强烈的草药-症状关系。该方法应用于从精心设计的观察性研究中收集的955名患者的中医临床数据集。结果显示,与原始处方相比,发现了具有更高有效率的草药处方组 (匹配样品为76.9% 对42.8%; 所有样品为94.2% 对84.9%)。还确定了具有症状表现的特定患者组,以帮助调查有效草药处方的适应症。
  • 【南非城市青少年队列中的居民流动性,社会经济背景和体重指数。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.09.016 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ginsburg C,Griffiths PL,Richter LM,Norris SA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Adolescents who are changing residence, as well as their social and economic circumstances may experience lifestyle changes that have an effect on body composition outcomes such as undernutrition, overweight or obesity. This paper uses data from Birth to Twenty, a birth cohort of South African urban children, to determine the relationship between residential mobility and body mass index (BMI) amongst Black adolescents aged 15 (n=1613), and to examine the role of changes in household socioeconomic status (SES). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the sample was 25% in females and 8% in males. Amongst the females, a strong positive association between residential mobility and BMI was observed for those who also experienced an increase in household SES between birth and 15 years (β=0.42, SE=0.13), while no effect was identified for males. The study shows the potential for environmental change and increased resources to influence the risk for obesity. It also highlights the value in considering the range of social environmental factors and changes across the early life course that might play a part in evolving nutritional patterns in urban transitioning environments.
    背景与目标: : 改变居住地以及他们的社会和经济环境的青少年可能会经历生活方式的改变,这些改变会影响身体成分的结果,例如营养不足,超重或肥胖。本文使用从出生到20岁的数据 (南非城市儿童的出生队列) 来确定居住流动性与15岁黑人青少年 (n = 1613) 的体重指数 (BMI) 之间的关系,并研究其作用在家庭社会经济地位 (SES) 中的变化。样本中超重和肥胖的患病率在女性中25%,在男性中8%。在女性中,对于那些在出生至15岁之间家庭SES增加的人 (β = 0.42,SE = 0.13),观察到居住流动性与BMI之间存在很强的正相关关系,而对男性则没有发现影响。这项研究显示了环境变化的潜力和增加的资源来影响肥胖的风险。它还强调了在考虑社会环境因素的范围以及整个早期生活过程中可能在城市转型环境中不断变化的营养模式中发挥作用的价值。
  • 【Tamarix ramosissima的水热处理和酶促水解: 作为生物精炼概念中的转化方法的过程评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.143 复制DOI
    作者列表:Xiao LP,Shi ZJ,Xu F,Sun RC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The present work investigated the effects of hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of Tamarix ramosissima by determination of sugar and inhibitor formation in the liquid fraction, and chemical and morphological changes of the pretreated solid material coupled with an evaluation of enzymatic hydrolysis. HTT was carried out in a batch reactor system at a maximal temperature (TMAX 180-240 °C) and evaluated for severities logRo ranging from 2.40 to 4.17. The liquid fractions were analyzed by HPLC, GPC, and GC-MS. The morphology and composition of the solid residues were characterized using an array of techniques, such as SEM, XRD, BET surface area, and CP/MAS (13)C NMR. Using a variety of tools, we have developed a better understanding of how HTT process affects biomass structure and cellulose properties that impact on its digestibility. These results provided new insights into the factors limiting enzymatic digestibility and mechanism of biomass deconstruction during hydrothermal process.
    背景与目标: : 目前的工作通过测定液体馏分中的糖和抑制剂的形成以及预处理固体材料的化学和形态变化以及酶水解的评估,研究了Tamarix ramosissima的水热处理 (HTT) 的影响。在间歇反应器系统中在最高温度 (TMAX 180-240 °C) 下进行HTT,并评估范围为2.40至4.17的严重度。通过HPLC,GPC和gc-ms分析液体级分。使用一系列技术 (例如SEM,XRD,BET表面积和CP/MAS (13)C NMR) 表征了固体残基的形态和组成。使用各种工具,我们对HTT过程如何影响生物质结构和纤维素特性 (影响其消化率) 有了更好的了解。这些结果为水热过程中限制酶消化率的因素和生物质解构的机理提供了新的见解。
  • 【按年龄和性别划分的霍奇金淋巴瘤的体型和风险: 康涅狄格州和马萨诸塞州的一项基于人群的病例对照研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s10552-012-0100-1 复制DOI
    作者列表:Li Q,Chang ET,Bassig BA,Dai M,Qin Q,Gao Y,Zhang Y,Zheng T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Descriptive studies have indicated a rising trend in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) incidence in young adults, especially females. Increasing evidence has suggested that some risk factors associated with HL may vary by age or gender. Recent studies have reported an increased risk of HL associated with increasing body mass index (BMI), but the results have been inconsistent. The objectives of this study were to examine whether the associations between measures of body size (height, weight, and BMI) and HL risk vary by age and/or gender. METHODS:A population-based case-control study was conducted in Connecticut and Massachusetts. A total of 567 HL cases and 679 controls were recruited in 1997-2000. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS:Among younger women <35 years old, being overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)) versus normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) was significantly associated with an increased risk of HL (OR = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.1-4.0). The risk increased with increasing weight and BMI (p trends <0.01). Among women ≥35 years old, by contrast, higher weight and BMI were associated with a reduced risk of HL (p trends <0.01). Conversely, there was no significant association between BMI and risk of HL in younger or older males. CONCLUSIONS:These findings show that the associations between body size and risk of HL vary by gender and age, and require confirmation in other populations.
    背景与目标:
  • 【生物质高温蒸汽气化中的共处理甲烷。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.033 复制DOI
    作者列表:Palumbo AW,Jorgensen EL,Sorli JC,Weimer AW
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :High temperature steam gasification/reforming of biomass-methane mixtures was carried out in an indirectly heated entrained flow reactor to analyze the feasibility of controlling the output composition of the major synthesis gas products: H(2), CO, CO(2), CH(4). A 2(3) factorial experimental design was carried out and compared to thermodynamic equilibrium predictions. Experiments demonstrated the product gas composition is mostly dependent on temperature and that excess steam contributes to CO(2) formation. Results showed that with two carbon-containing reactants it is possible to control the gas composition of the major products. At 1500 °C, the equilibrium results accurately predicted the syngas composition and can be used to guide optimization of the syngas for downstream liquid fuel synthesis technologies.
    背景与目标: : 在间接加热的夹带流反应器中进行了生物质-甲烷混合物的高温蒸汽气化/重整,以分析控制主要合成气产物: H(2),CO,CO(2),CH(4) 的输出组成的可行性。进行了2(3) 个阶乘实验设计,并将其与热力学平衡预测进行了比较。实验表明,产物气体组成主要取决于温度,过量的蒸汽有助于形成CO(2)。结果表明,使用两种含碳反应物,可以控制主要产物的气体组成。在1500 °C时,平衡结果准确地预测了合成气的组成,并可用于指导下游液体燃料合成技术的合成气的优化。
  • 【温度依赖性阴影避免涉及受体样激酶ERECTA。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/tpj.12088 复制DOI
    作者列表:Patel D,Basu M,Hayes S,Majláth I,Hetherington FM,Tschaplinski TJ,Franklin KA
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Plants detect the presence of neighbouring vegetation by monitoring changes in the ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) wavelengths (R:FR) in ambient light. Reductions in R:FR are perceived by the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors and initiate a suite of developmental responses termed the shade avoidance syndrome. These include increased elongation growth of stems and petioles, enabling plants to overtop competing vegetation. The majority of shade avoidance experiments are performed at standard laboratory growing temperatures (>20°C). In these conditions, elongation responses to low R:FR are often accompanied by reductions in leaf development and accumulation of plant biomass. Here we investigated shade avoidance responses at a cooler temperature (16°C). In these conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana displays considerable low R:FR-mediated increases in leaf area, with reduced low R:FR-mediated petiole elongation and leaf hyponasty responses. In Landsberg erecta, these strikingly different shade avoidance phenotypes are accompanied by increased leaf thickness, increased biomass and an altered metabolite profile. At 16°C, low R:FR treatment results in the accumulation of soluble sugars and metabolites associated with cold acclimation. Analyses of natural genetic variation in shade avoidance responses at 16°C have revealed a regulatory role for the receptor-like kinase ERECTA.
    背景与目标: : 植物通过监测环境光中红色 (R) 与远红 (FR) 波长 (R:FR) 之比的变化来检测相邻植被的存在。植物光感受器的植物色素家族感知到R:FR的减少,并引发了一系列称为避荫综合症的发育反应。其中包括增加茎和叶柄的伸长生长,使植物能够超越竞争的植被。大多数避荫实验是在标准实验室生长温度 (>20 °C) 下进行的。在这些条件下,对低R:FR的伸长响应通常伴随着叶片发育和植物生物量积累的减少。在这里,我们研究了在较低温度 (16 °C) 下避免阴影的响应。在这些条件下,拟南芥在叶面积上显示出相当低的R:FR介导的增加,而低的R:FR介导的叶柄伸长和叶片发育不良反应降低。在Landsberg erecta中,这些截然不同的避荫表型伴随着叶片厚度的增加,生物量的增加和代谢物分布的改变。在16 °C时,低R:FR处理会导致与冷驯化相关的可溶性糖和代谢物的积累。对16 °C下避荫反应的自然遗传变异的分析表明,受体样激酶ERECTA具有调节作用。

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